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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Prejudices”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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1

Schaller, Mark, i Steven L. Neuberg. "Beyond prejudice to prejudices". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, nr 6 (20.11.2012): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001306.

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AbstractDifferent groups, because they are perceived to pose different threats, elicit different prejudices. Collective action by disadvantaged groups can amplify the perception of specific threats, with predictable and potentially counterproductive consequences. It is important to carefully consider the threat-based psychology of prejudice(s) before implementing any strategy intended to promote positive social change.

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Todosijevic, Bojan. "Authoritarian personality: Psychoanalysis of antisemitism and prejudices". Psihologija 41, nr 2 (2008): 123–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0802123t.

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The Authoritarian Personality is one of the most influential studies in social psychology, yet it has been subjected to different, often contradictory interpretations. This paper argues that the most important element of the authoritarian personality theory is the analysis of the psychological functionality of prejudice. Using psychoanalytic conceptual tools, the authors described the psychological logic behind apparently contradictory prejudices, and the function of prejudice in personal psychological 'economy'. In this way, Adorno et al. 'psychoanalyzed' both prejudice and the prejudiced. The first part of the paper presents the original research, with the particular focus on the less familiar aspects. The second part reviews the reactions to the Authoritarian Personality, and analyzes some of the better known criticisms and objections. The paper ends with the review of recent research trends inspired by Adorno et al.?s theory.

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Rahayu, Nur Jiyannah A., i Alfa Mardiyana. "Prejudice: A Comparative Study of The Perspectives in Tafsir Al-Ibriz and Tafsir Fi Zilalil-Qur'an". Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Mu'ashirah 20, nr 2 (10.08.2023): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jim.v20i2.19063.

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Human beings are social creatures that require interactions among individuals. Encountering those who hold various prejudices towards individuals or different groups in their surroundings often leads to conflicts and animosity among fellow beings. Therefore, the presence of prejudices, whether positive or negative, significantly affects one's attitude and behavior in societal life. This study elucidates the commonalities and differences of prejudices as presented in the interpretations of Al-Ibrīz and Tafsīr Fī Ẓilālil-Qur'ān, and how prejudice is classified in contemporary society. The purpose of this research is to identify the similarities and disparities in prejudices as depicted in the interpretations of Al-Ibrīz and Tafsīr Fī Ẓilālil-Qur'ān, as well as to understand the classification of prejudices in modern society. The research employs a comparative method using the technique of library research, with Al-Ibrīz by Bisri Musthofa and Tafsīr Fī Ẓilālil-Qur'ān by Sayyid Quthb as the primary sources of reference. The findings of this study indicate: 1.) Both commentators share a similar interpretation of prejudice, which is the prohibition of harboring excessive prejudices, as some forms of prejudice are considered sinful. However, there is a difference in their interpretations. According to Bisri Musthofa, engaging in prejudice by seeking out others' faults and flaws can lead to slander. On the other hand, according to Sayyid Quthb, it is advised not to be easily swayed by conjectural whispers and to strive to eliminate slander to preserve the bond of brotherhood among people. 2.) Prejudice is prevalent in societal life. As individuals engage in the world of social interaction, they are bound to encounter numerous instances where various types of prejudices, both positive and negative, are ingrained.

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Everett, Jim A. C., Lucius Caviola, Julian Savulescu i Nadira S. Faber. "Speciesism, generalized prejudice, and perceptions of prejudiced others". Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 22, nr 6 (wrzesień 2019): 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430218816962.

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Philosophers have argued there is a normative relationship between our attitudes towards animals (“speciesism”) and other prejudices, and psychological work suggests speciesism relies on similar psychological processes and motivations as those underlying other prejudices. But do laypeople perceive such a connection? We compared perceptions of a target who is high or low on speciesism with those of a target who is high or low on racism (Studies 1–2), sexism (Study 2), or homophobia (Study 3). We find that just like racists, sexists, and homophobes, speciesists were both evaluated more negatively and expected to hold more general prejudicial attitudes and ideologies (e.g., thought to be higher on SDO and more prejudiced in other ways). Our results suggest that laypeople seem intuitively aware of the connection between speciesism and “traditional” forms of prejudice, inferring similar personality traits and general prejudicial attitudes from a speciesist just as they do from a racist, sexist, or homophobe.

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5

Galam, Serge. "The Trump phenomenon: An explanation from sociophysics". International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, nr 10 (20.04.2017): 1742015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217420152.

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The Trump phenomenon is argued to depart from current populist rise in Europe. According to a model of opinion dynamics from sociophysics the machinery of Trump’s amazing success obeys well-defined counter-intuitive rules. Therefore, his success was in principle predictable from the start. The model uses local majority rule arguments and obeys a threshold dynamics. The associated tipping points are found to depend on the leading collective beliefs, cognitive biases and prejudices of the social group which undertakes the public debate. And here comes the open sesame of the Trump campaign, which develops along two successive steps. During a first moment, Trump’s statement produces a majority of voters against him. But at the same time, according to the model the shocking character of the statement modifies the prejudice balance. In case the prejudice is present even being frozen among voters, the tipping point is lowered at Trump’s benefit. Nevertheless, although the tipping point has been lowered by the activation of frozen prejudices it is instrumental to preserve enough support from openly prejudiced people to be above the threshold. Then, as infuriated voters launch intense debate, occurrence of ties will drive progressively hostile people to shift their voting intention without needing to endorse the statement which has infuriated them. The ongoing debate does drive towards a majority for Trump. The possible Trump victory at November Presidential election is discussed. In particular, the model shows that to eventually win the Presidential election, Trump must not modify his past shocking attitude but to appeal to a different spectrum of frozen prejudices, which are common to both Democrats and Republicans.

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6

Adhiambo Achieng, Olivia, Robert Kisavi Mule i Fredrick Onyango Aila. "BEHAVIORAL PREJUDICE AS A MODERATOR TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC INVESTMENT PROCEDURES & OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF REAL ESTATE FIRMS: EVIDENCE FROM KENYA". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, nr 09 (30.09.2022): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15391.

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Behavioral prejudice results in decision making in which reasoning is influenced by emotions, usually leading to irrational financial decisions. The interest in prejudice caused by faulty cognitive reasoning or emotions that affect individual financial outcomes has seen the emergence of research on behavioral finance as a concept.The nerve in the process of decision making is how the investor perceives risk. Risk is a significant factor in analyzing decision situations under uncertainty. Unfortunately, majority of people are not consistent in how they approach risk. Although investors intention is to act rationally and make informed decisions, behavioral aspects affect the decision process and cause investors to deviate from the normative models. This article sought to assess the moderation effect of behavioral prejudice on the relationship between strategic investment procedures and operational performance of real estate firms in Kenya in the period 2018-2022. It focused on three variables strategic investment procedures as the independent variable, operational performance as the dependent variable and behavioral prejudice being the moderator variable. Theoretical literature illustrates individual relationships between these variables but the combined influence of the three variables on operational performance has not been previously studied.A correlational survey design and census sampling method were used to draw 231 registered real estate investment firms in Kenyas capital city of Nairobi. Primary data was gathered using structured questionnaires to collect data from 231 senior financial managers and analyzed by regression analysis. Behavioral prejudice and strategic investment procedures as predictor variables had a significant RÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â² of 32.8% (p<0.01). The RÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â² of incorporating the interaction term between behavioral prejudices and strategic investment procedures was RÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â²=39.7% (p<0.01) change of RÃƒÂ‚Ã‚Â²=6.8% (p<0.01) implying that behavioral prejudices significantly moderates the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. In conclusion,strategic investment procedures significantly predict operational performance but incorporation of behavioral prejudices significantly enhances the predictive power. The study recommends real estate firms focus on behavioral prejudices so as to make informed and accurate investment decisions thus enhancing operational performance. Contrary to prior research, the study has shown that strategic investment procedures and behavioral prejudices interacting together affects Operational performance thus bringing new knowledge to the area of finance.

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Tkáčová, Hedviga. "Forms of prejudice about christians and social cohesion between university students in Slovakia: media as an essential part of the issue". Journal of Education Culture and Society 12, nr 1 (17.06.2021): 429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.429.444.

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Aim. The subject of our interest is to research the forms of prejudice about Christians among university students. Part of the research focuses on the question of the forms of prejudices of the research group in relation to religious classmates – peers and part of on significant influence of media on the negative perception of Christianity in the society. The reflection of the findings is a consideration of the decline in social cohesion due to (1) the existence of prejudices in the university environment in Slovakia, and (2) the often negative media presentation of Christian religion in the Slovak media. Concept. The starting point of the issue is the research into the forms of prejudice and the potential for social exclusion of young people due to the existence of prejudice in the university environment. The need for this kind of research and reasoning arises from growing fears and the strengthening of phobias that accumulate within the groups we observe. Results and conclusion. The reflection of the findings is a consideration of the decline in social cohesion due to (1) the existence of prejudices in the university environment in Slovakia, and (2) the often negative media presentation of Christian religion in the Slovak media. Cognitive value. Qualitative statements confirm the decline in social cohesion among peers due to religious diversity. We consider the presence of religious prejudices as an urgent call for such forms of education that would effectively contribute to the acceptance of cultural and religious diversity in society and to the promotion of social cohesion in the university environment.

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8

Hidayat, Dede Rahmat. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB KEMUNCULAN PRASANGKA SOSIAL (SOCIAL PREJUDICE) PADA PELAJAR". Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi 12, nr 2 (9.04.2013): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v12i2.6284.

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This study aims to investigate of the factors in the emergence of social prejudice student groups. The subjects of this study were student grade junior high school VIII.1 232 Jakarta, consisting of 38 students. They are a group of people on a small scale that represents some ethnic elements. The sampling technique is done by using the technique of sampling convinience. Measuring tool used is a semantic differential scale is an instrument to measure the response of the aspects of affective. The results showed that social prejudices on the subject is at the level of medium and low. In addition, the student social prejudice caused more by prejudices that are more personal and social nature. The emergence of prejudice is caused by cultural differences and the social distance between different ethnic groups.

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9

Leix, Alicja. "I was expecting her to be a fanatic Catholic, but she was not. How International Exchange Programmes Reduce Prejudice". New Educational Review 31 (2013): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/tner.13.31.1.18.

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The text deals with the question of the influence of international exchange programmes on reducing ethnic prejudices in their participants. Apart from a brief introduction into the issue of reducing prejudice, it comprises 392 free responses of Czech respondents, predominantly students, who have filled out an online survey as part of the project Intergroup Attitudes and Intergroup Contact in Central Europe. The participants gave accounts of their real contacts with Polish people, oftentimes within the framework of international exchange programmes, Erasmus in particular. Based on the comparison of the results of the qualitative analysis of the statements with the conditions of successful reduction of prejudices, one can suggest that international exchange programmes should have a positive influence on reducing negative ethnic stereotypes and prejudices among their participants.

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10

Ramírez Galleguillos, M. L., A. Eloiriachi, B. Serdar i A. Coşkun. "Design Strategies to Promote Intercultural Meaningful Social Interactions". Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (maj 2022): 2203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.223.

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AbstractIntercultural interactions encourage social inclusion and diversity, but they are often avoided due to prejudices. Intercultural Meaningful Social Interactions (IMSI) can overcome such prejudices; still, the literature lacks guidelines on how to promote them by Design. In this study, we propose eight design strategies to facilitate these interactions, which were originated by bridging four theories for prejudice reduction and exemplar IMSI experiences of 15 intercultural participants. This paper presents the strategies and discusses their use to inspire new design concepts for promoting IMSI.

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11

Syamsudin, Tiara Ananda, Mardliya Pratiwi Zamruddin i Setya Ariani. "PREJUDICE TOWARDS AFRICAN-AMERICAN IN SMALL GREAT THINGS NOVEL". Ilmu Budaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya 7, nr 4 (29.10.2023): 1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jbssb.v7i4.12152.

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Prejudice is a negative assumption towards others which is not certain to be right or wrong yet. One of the problems of prejudice that still exists in the modern era is prejudice against African Americans. This research aimed to reveal the kinds of prejudice experienced by African-Americans and the responses of African-American characters as the victims of prejudice. To conduct this research, the researcher used qualitative methodology. The data in this research were taken in the form of narrations and dialogues in Small Great Things (2016) novel written by Jodi Picoult which related to the negative actions of prejudice experienced by African-American characters and their responses to the prejudices that suitable with prejudice theory by Gordon Allport and the response to prejudice theory by Simpson and Yinger. The results showed that African-American characters in Small Great Things novel experience four kinds of prejudice, namely: antilocution, avoidance, discrimination and physical attack. Furthermore, the result also showed how African-American characters responded to the prejudices that they experienced, namely: aggression, acceptance and reformism. Therefore, the researcher concluded that prejudice based on individual beliefs can make someone behave negatively toward others and sometimes it can be manifested through hostile actions.

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12

Zhang, Grace, i Tulin Ece Tosun. "Pride and Prejudice Book vs. Play". International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, nr 1 (2023): 015–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.81.3.

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Since first published in 1813, Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice has remained to be a timeless classic and has continued to inspire many adaptations in different artistic forms. The novel explores pride in Mr. Darcy’s character and prejudices in Elizabeth Bennet’s nature. In the beginning, excessive pride and prejudices prevent them from admiring each other’s virtue and beauty. As the story progresses, though, readers see both their growth and, finally, a happy ending after pride and prejudices fade. Because it tells one of the most cherished love stories in English literature, the original novel has been adapted to plays, movies, and TV series—but unfortunately, not every production is at the same level of quality. The wonderful experiences of going to the Pride & Prejudice (2005) movie screening and watching BBC’s Pride and Prejudice (1995) TV series had raised my expectation for other adaptations of the novel, so I couldn’t wait to go to Aquila Theatre’s play production. However, it was a disappointment and I have since been curious to find out why I felt that it did not meet my expectation: I love the book, the movie, and the TV series, so why can’t I like Aquila Theatre’s play adaptation as well? In this paper, I will argue that I don’t think Aquila Theatre’s production is a good adaptation of the original work, based on how the play differently portrays Mr. Collins’s character and manners, Elizabeth Bennet, and her relationship with Mr. Darcy. • How did Jane Austen portray each character when writing the book? • How did Aquila Theatre differently portray each character when directing the play? • What is the message Jane Austen tries to send through her novel Pride and Prejudice? • What are some reviews of Aquila Theatre’s production of Pride and Prejudice?

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13

Myroshnyk, O. "CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF PREJUDICE". Psychology and Personality, nr 2 (9.10.2023): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2023.2.288295.

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The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of prejudice, the analysis of scientific approaches to the explanation of its role in the functioning of the individual as a subject of life. To achieve the goal, theoretical level methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification) were applied. According to the results of the study, it was established that the prerequisite for the formation of prejudices is a social stereotype, as a product of mass behavior supported by the social environment. In contrast to the stereotype in prejudice, as the subject's tendency to perceive, evaluate and take appropriate actions in relation to social objects or a person based on the values accepted in the group, the emotional aspects of the attitude prevail. Among existing approaches to explaining the psychological nature of prejudices, theories of social learning, motivational and cognitive theory, and theory of social identity occupy a special place. According to the results of the analysis of these approaches, it was established that the basis of stereotyping are categorization operations. Categorization allows: to distinguish social groups into "own" and "other" groups; form one's own social identity through awareness of belonging to one's social group and perceive it as a source of self-respect; to create an image of oneself, based on the results of comparing one's group with external groups. Categorization simplifies reality, manifests itself automatically beyond human intention. Existing social norms are the categories for dividing groups in society. The choice of a target group for prejudice within a particular culture, as well as the range of appropriate behavior toward it, depend on social learning. Cultural differences will determine the frequency of manifestation of a certain prejudice, the object of prejudice and the ways of its manifestation. Activation of the influence of prejudices on human behavior occurs in situations of threat to collective self-respect.

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Acero, Juana Maria Anguita, Oscar Navarro Martinez, Angel Luis Gonzalez Olivares i Monica di Martino. "Racist prejudices in different contexts. Differences between rural and urban environments". New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, nr 1 (10.05.2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i1.4151.

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The purpose of this research is to analyse the presence of racist prejudices in response to certain statements in two different contexts, namely, a rural environment and an urban environment. A questionnaire was prepared using nine statements in respect to real situations of preconceived ideas regarding certain minority groups of society. Specifically, these situations refer to gypsies, Blacks, immigrants, Moroccans, beggars, refugees from Latin America or handicapped persons. The questionnaire was given to university students, who were asked to assess the racist characteristics of each statement on a scale of 1–4. The results obtained show certain differences that are detected between the two contexts in respect to participants’ perception of prejudice. The conclusion is that the presence of racist prejudices is very similar in the two contexts in which the research was carried out, with a high correlation between students’ answers. Keywords: Prejudices, university students, urban, rural

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15

Fujimoto, Yuka, i Charmine E. J. Härtel. "Culturally specific prejudices: interpersonal prejudices of individualists and intergroup prejudices of collectivists". Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal 11, nr 3 (wrzesień 2004): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600410797846.

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Madison, Guy, i Fredrik Ullén. "Statistical learning and prejudice". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 35, nr 6 (20.11.2012): 440–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x12001422.

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AbstractHuman behavior is guided by evolutionarily shaped brain mechanisms that make statistical predictions based on limited information. Such mechanisms are important for facilitating interpersonal relationships, avoiding dangers, and seizing opportunities in social interaction. We thus suggest that it is essential for analyses of prejudice and prejudice reduction to take the predictive accuracy and adaptivity of the studied prejudices into account.

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Pérez-Testor, Carles, Julia Behar, Montse Davins, José Luís Conde Sala, José A. Castillo, Manel Salamero, Elisabeth Alomar i Sabina Segarra. "Teachers' Attitudes and Beliefs about Homosexuality". Spanish journal of psychology 13, nr 1 (maj 2010): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600003735.

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Schools play a key role in transmitting attitudes towards sexual diversity. Many studies stress the importance of teachers' and other professionals' attitudes towards gay men and/or lesbian women. This study evaluates attitudes and prejudices toward homosexuality in a sample of 254 elementary and high school teachers in Barcelona and its surrounding area. The results obtained using a scale of overt and subtle prejudice and a scale of perceived discrepancy of values indicate that discrepancy between likely behavior and personal values was significantly greater in women, those who hold religious beliefs, churchgoers and people without any gay or lesbian acquaintances. Approximately 88% of the teachers showed no type of prejudiced attitudes towards gay men and lesbian women. The experience of proximity to gay men and/or lesbian women reduces not only the discrepancy between personal values and likely behavior but also the presence of homophobic prejudice. It would be advisable to expand specific teacher training in the subject of sexual diversity in order to reduce prejudicial attitudes, thus fostering non-stereotyped knowledge of homosexuality.

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Gergel, Tania Louise. "Too similar, too different: the paradoxical dualism of psychiatric stigma". Psychiatric Bulletin 38, nr 4 (sierpień 2014): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.113.044693.

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SummaryChallenges to psychiatric stigma fall between a rock and a hard place. Decreasing one prejudice may inadvertently increase another. Emphasising similarities between mental illness and ‘ordinary’ experience to escape the fear-related prejudices associated with the imagined ‘otherness’ of persons with mental illness risks conclusions that mental illness indicates moral weakness and the loss of any benefits of a medical model. An emphasis on illness and difference from normal experience risks a response of fear of the alien. Thus, a ‘likeness-based’ and ‘unlikeness-based’ conception of psychiatric stigma can lead to prejudices stemming from paradoxically opposing assumptions about mental illness. This may create a troubling impasse for anti-stigma campaigns.

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Schlag, Thomas, i Friedrich Schweitzer. "Muslim:innenfeindlichkeit als Vorurteil und Herausforderung für interreligiöses Lernen – Konsequenzen für den christlichen Religionsunterricht". Zeitschrift für Pädagogik und Theologie 75, nr 1 (7.03.2023): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpt-2023-0006.

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Abstract This article addresses the question of how to deal with anti-Muslim prejudices and attitudes among pupils in Christian Religious Education, especially from the perspective of interreligious learning. Based on current empirical findings, in particular on corresponding prejudices and negative attitudes of young people and Christian pupils, the so far insufficient consideration of the problem of prejudice in concepts of interreligious learning is considered and the potentials of Religious Education for the reduction of hostility against Muslims and Islam are discussed. From there, and especially in orientation to the so-called contact hypothesis, tasks for the future of Religious Education practice and further research are outlined.

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Christie, William. "“Prejudice against prejudices”: China and the Limits of Whig Liberalism". European Romantic Review 24, nr 5 (październik 2013): 509–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10509585.2013.828205.

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Spong, Sheila J. "The challenge of prejudice: counsellors’ talk about challenging clients’ prejudices". British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 40, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2011.646948.

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García-Carpintero, Manuel. "Homophonic Prejudices". Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 40, nr 120 (8.01.2008): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2008.999.

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I critically discuss some aspects of Mark Sainsbury’s Reference without Referents, from an otherwise sympathetic viewpoint. My objections focus on the adequacy of the truth-conditional framework that Sainsbury presupposes. I argue that, as semantic theories, truth-conditional accounts are both too ambitious, and too austere to be fully explanatory, and that both problems have consequences for anaccount of reference.The latter problem has to do with the difficulties to capture in a truth-conditional framework the descriptive contribution of indexicals and, in my view, proper names. The former has to do with the non-semantic contribution of context to the determination of truth-conditions in general and reference in particular.

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Warnke, Georgia. "Legitimate Prejudices". Laval théologique et philosophique 53, nr 1 (1997): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/401041ar.

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Miller, Richard. "Addressing prejudices". Mental Health Practice 5, nr 8 (maj 2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.5.8.6.s8.

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Wilcox, John T. "Moral Prejudices". International Studies in Philosophy 32, nr 2 (2000): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/intstudphil200032218.

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Moran, Peter. "Hidden Prejudices". Professional Case Management 16, nr 1 (2011): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncm.0b013e318205e7ee.

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Einstein, A. "Endpiece: Prejudices". BMJ 318, nr 7191 (24.04.1999): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7191.1113c.

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Stahl, Abraham. "Teachers' Prejudices". Urban Education 25, nr 4 (styczeń 1991): 440–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085991025004007.

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Scriabin, Olexiy. "PROBLEM ASPECTS OF DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF PREDUDICATION IN THE MODERN CRIMINAL PROCESS". Law Journal of Donbass 73, nr 4 (2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2020-73-4-163-168.

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The article considers the issue of defining the essence of the concept of prejudice in criminal proceedings. Prejudice is a complex and multifaceted concept. Depending on the meaning of the concept, the scope and effect of the institution of prejudice in criminal proceedings may be narrowed or expanded. The approaches of modern scientists to the definition of prejudice are highlighted. Prejudice is a rule of evidence, which establishes the procedure and grounds for use in the process of proof by the investigator, prosecutor, body of inquiry, judge, court of legal conclusions and facts established by those that have entered into force on the basis of the investigator, prosecutor , courts in administrative, commercial, civil or criminal cases, which essentially resolved the case, as those that do not require re-proof. The classification of prejudices according to the scale of application in the legal space is considered; depending on the subordination in legal regulation; by the nature of the connection with other cases; depending on the legislative consolidation; by legal consequences; depending on the subject of legal regulation; depending on the ability of the participants in the process to challenge the prejudice; by the subject of the creation of the prejudice. The problematic aspects of determining prejudices are analyzed. Necessary and important in determining the essence of the concept of prejudice is its distinction with the concepts of presumption, precedent and prejudice. The difference between precedent and presumption is manifested in the fact that precedent contains a legal rule for resolving a legal dispute, and prejudice is an evidentiary rule for the use of facts and legal conclusions. Prejudice and prejudice are not identical, as prejudice is a manifestation of such a characteristic of the legal force of a court decision as binding. The difference between a presumption and a prejudice lies primarily in their scope.

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Barroso, Paulo. "Colonial prejudices and decolonization complexes according to Sartre". Via Atlântica 25, nr 1 (30.04.2024): 537–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/va.i1.199482.

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For Jean-Paul Sartre, the oppressor breaks intersubjective solidarity and transforms the oppressed into an Other, fearing him and making him strange. It’s paradoxical since the colonizer is the one who “creates” the Other based on prejudice. This proposal follows a textual analysis focused on the essence of the colonial prejudice of the oppressor and on the complexes of liberation and independence of the oppressed peoples in the decolonization process. The objectives are: a) to highlight Sartre’s contribution to understanding colonial prejudices and decolonization complexes, as well as the position taken by the author against the war in Algeria and in favour of the colonial liberation movements in Africa; b) substantiate the position of respect for the Other as a fundamental question of an ethics of alterity.

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Raju, C. K. "“Euclid” must fall: The “Pythagorean” “theorem” and the rant of racist and civilizational superiority — Part 1". Arụmarụka: Journal of Conversational Thinking 1, nr 1 (9.02.2022): 127–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajct.v1i1.6.

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To eliminate racist prejudices, it is necessary to identify the root cause(s) of racism. American slavery preceded racism, and it was closely associated with genocide. Accordingly, we seek the unique cause of the unique event of genocide + slavery. This was initially justified by religious prejudice, rather than colour prejudice. This religious justification was weakened when many Blacks converted to Christianity, after the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The curse of Kam, using quick visual cues to characterize Blacks as inferior Christians, was inadequate. Hence, the church fell back on an ancient trick of using false history as secular justification for Christian superiority. This trick had resulted in a false history of science during the Crusades when scientific knowledge in translated Arabic texts was indiscriminately attributed to the early Greeks, without evidence. This false history enabled belief in religious superiority to mutate into a secular belief in White superiority. After colonialism, and the Aryan race conjecture, the belief in White superiority further mutated into a belief in Western civilizational superiority, openly propagated today by colonial education. Hence, to eliminate racist prejudice, it is necessary to engage simultaneously with the allied prejudices about Christian/White/Western superiority, based on the same false history of science.

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Kirkland, Paul E. "Nietzsche's Honest Masks: From Truth to Nobility Beyond Good and Evil". Review of Politics 66, nr 4 (2004): 575–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500039899.

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This article argues that Nietzsche uses a rhetorically modern appeal to enact the self-overcoming of modernity and the aim of enlightenment. It demonstrates how Nietzsche aims to move his readers from a prejudice in favor of truthfulness, by appearing to radicalize that aim, to a new measure of nobility. In contrast to some who present Nietzsche's styles as the means to convey a dispersion of meanings, this article argues that, designs his writing to move his age. He adopts the prejudices of his time in Beyond Good and Evil, his mature “critique of modernity” in order to demonstrate the self-overcoming of those prejudices. Beyond merely questioning the value of truth, Nietzsche evaluates by the measure of psychological strength, and describes the character of nobility beyond good and evil and beyond truth and falsity.

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Sullivan, Shannon. "Pragmatism, Psychoanalysis, and Prejudice: Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's The Anatomy of Prejudices". Journal of Speculative Philosophy 15, nr 2 (2001): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2001.0025.

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Bakri, Mubarak. "PRASANGKA DALAM AL-QUR’AN". Rausyan Fikr: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Ushuluddin dan Filsafat 14, nr 1 (15.08.2018): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/rsy.v14i1.322.

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Prejudice is one of the causes of horizontal conflict in the society today. Starting from prejudice giving rise to excessive suspicion which led to slander and disharmony between one another. Through this article, the author discusses prejudice in the Koran as a source of solutions to all diseases, including prejudice as a social disease. The author uses thematic interpretations as a method in constructing the Qur'anic insights related to verses examining prejudice by taking the keyword az-zannu. Through this word, it is elaborated in depth the nature of az-zannu and its characteristics in the Qur'an, and how it relates to the az-zannu with its own prejudices. Finally, the author also describes the influence of prejudice in modern society today.

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Gough, D. O. "Impact of Observations on Prejudice and Input Physics". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 137 (1993): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100018856.

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AbstractMy brief from the principal organizers of this colloquium is to draw your attention to some of the prejudices upon which the observations that have been discussed here have had or should have had some impact, and to remark on how that might revise our views about physics: it should not be a balanced summary of the meeting, but a prejudiced review.

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Sanopa, Sanopa. "The Racial Prejudice Toward The Black In America As Reflected In James Mcbride The Color Of Water". Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 1, nr 1 (23.06.2017): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v1i1.6.

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This thesis discusses the issue of racial prejudice in America described in the novel The Color of Water written by James Mcbride. This analysis focuses on how blacks are perceived differently by other races in America such as whites. In this study, the authors analyzed three problems, the first why race prejudice occurred in America. How racial prejudices against blacks as uneducated people, how racial prejudice against blacks as criminal. In analyzing the literary work, the author uses postcolonial theory, it is this theory that allows us to see how the colonial influence both during colonization lasted, before, and after the colonialization ended like today. This theory has a very important meaning, The hidden problems contained behind the facts that have occurred, and very in accordance with the problems contained in the novel the color of water. In this study, the authors found a 1). bad relationship between the minority and the majority in the United States really happened. 2). Minorities such as blacks get white prejudices. This disharmony of relationships has some impact on the minority itself, the impact of which can be seen from how the quality of life of these minorities. 3). Another consequence of the harmony of the relationship is the emergence of awareness and motivation in the minority to be equal to the majority.

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Mokobane, Sonti. "Reducing prejudice against learners with disabilities in inclusive settings through the Afrocentric model of inclusion". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 13, nr 4 (11.06.2024): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i4.3336.

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Attitudinal barriers and discriminatory practices continue to prevent the full participation of learners with disabilities in developmental learning contexts. Although disability has been on the psychological agenda for some time, there is limited empirical evidence on adopting African models to buffer prejudices. This paper addresses this critical gap by examining the experiences of disabled children subjected to prejudices in inclusive settings and the adaptation of the Afrocentric model to buffer those behaviors. The paper was guided by Allport's Social Reflection Theory, which explains why some groups may be targets of prejudice. The exploratory qualitative case study was undertaken in 4 inclusive schools in Gauteng province. Participants were 20 educators and 40 disabled learners in inclusive schools. Purposive sampling was used to choose participants in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with educators, and the researcher observed the engagement of the educators and 40 disabled learners. Data collected were analyzed through qualitative thematic data analysis. From the themes that emerged in the findings, the following themes were discussed: advancing the truth in our praxis, fairness, harmony, and humanness. The paper, therefore, recommends that educators apply the practice of including the emerged themes in their learning content for improved grades and low dropout rates. Keywords: Prejudices, Disabled learners, Inclusive settings, Afrocentric inclusion model

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Najchuman, Marjorie, i Lorelynn Castillo. "Cultural prejudice on the speaking skill of students". Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade 23, nr 1 (30.06.2022): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/les.v23i1.38406.

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Considering the vital role of language teachers in combatting cultural prejudice in the classroom, this study aimed to explore the lived experiences of language teachers when cultural lenses affect their perception of students' speaking skills and cull out techniques in reducing cultural prejudice from their experiences. With phenomenology as its research design, Senior High School language teachers were interviewed, and their responses were transcribed, analyzed, and thematized. Two themes emerged reflecting the cultural prejudices of language teachers in the speaking skills of students – Fossilized Regional Defects and Low Communicative Delivery, and two cultural prejudice reduction strategies materialized – Maximize Profiling Strategies and Respecting Cultural Differences. This study concludes that reflecting on one'

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Shekhar Singh, Chandra, i Manpreet Kaur. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PREJUDICES: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY". International Journal of Advanced Research 12, nr 01 (31.01.2024): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18240.

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ThescientificstudyofmindandbehavioriscalledPsychology.Itcovershumanandnon-human behavior, both conscious (aware) and unconscious (unaware) phenomena, as well asmental processes like thoughts, feelings, and motives. Social psychology (branch ofpsychology) is the scientific study of how others actual, imagined, or assumed presenceinfluences individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. In context of social psychology-Prejudice is an assumption or opinion made about someone based solely on theirbelongingness to a specific group. Three psychological aspects of Prejudicesâ€“ cognitive,affectiveoremotional, and behavioural.(SageKnowledge,2010)

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Naish, John. "Facing terminal prejudices". Nursing Standard 3, nr 26 (25.03.1989): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.26.49.s73.

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Anonymous. "Unmasking hidden prejudices". Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 36, nr 6 (czerwiec 1998): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19980601-08.

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Pritchard, William H., H. L. Mencken i Charles A. Fecher. "Henry Mencken's Prejudices". Hudson Review 43, nr 2 (1990): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3851877.

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Brown, Paul David. "Bin those prejudices". Nursing Standard 16, nr 19 (23.01.2002): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.16.19.23.s34.

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Joseph, Natasha. "Pride and prejudices". Index on Censorship 42, nr 3 (wrzesień 2013): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422013500410.

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Fiske, Susan T. "Managing Ambivalent Prejudices". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 639, nr 1 (15.12.2011): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716211418444.

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Not all biases are equivalent, and not all biases are uniformly negative. Two fundamental dimensions differentiate stereotyped groups in cultures across the globe: status predicts perceived competence, and cooperation predicts perceived warmth. Crossing the competence and warmth dimensions, two combinations produce ambivalent prejudices: pitied groups (often traditional women or older people) appear warm but incompetent, and envied groups (often nontraditional women or outsider entrepreneurs) appear competent but cold. Case studies in ambivalent sexism, heterosexism, racism, anti-immigrant biases, ageism, and classism illustrate both the dynamics and the management of these complex but knowable prejudices.

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Chaitow, Leon. "Preconceptions and prejudices". Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 1, nr 5 (październik 1997): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-8592(97)80056-3.

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Greco, Peter M. "No prejudices, please". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 154, nr 1 (lipiec 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.05.001.

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Frias, Francisco Javier Lopez, i Xavier Gimeno Monfort. "A Hermeneutical Analysis of the InternalistApproachin the Philosophy of Sport". Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 67, nr 1 (1.09.2015): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcssr-2015-0018.

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AbstractIn this paper, we make a hermeneutical analysis of internalism, the dominant tradition in the philosophy of sports. In order to accomplish this, we identify the prejudices that guide the internalist view of sports, namely the Platonic-Analytic prejudice introduced by Suits, one of the forefathers of internalism. Then, we critically analyze four consequences of following such a prejudice: a) its reductive nature, b) the production of a unrealistic view of sports, c) the vagueness of the idea of excellence; and d) the leap from the descriptive analysis of the sporting phenomenon to the setting of normative requirements for the practice of sports.

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López-Lara, Karen Marina, Ana Carolina Cruz-Millán, Laura Fernanda Barrera-Hernandez, Edith Valbuena-Gregorio, Moisés Omar Ayala-Burboa, Marco Antonio Hernández-Lepe i Francisco Javier Olivas-Aguirre. "Mitigating Weight Stigma: A Randomized Controlled Trial Addressing Obesity Prejudice through Education among Healthcare Undergraduates". Obesities 4, nr 2 (17.04.2024): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/obesities4020008.

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Beyond the challenges presented by obesity itself, a considerable portion of the population encounters prejudice and discriminatory behavior based on their weight and size. This phenomenon, termed weight stigma and weight bias, appears to be perpetuated not only by the broader society but also by healthcare providers, leading to distrust and alienation among individuals with obesity, thereby exacerbating a global issue. Recognizing weight stigma as a violation of human rights and its association with declining health outcomes, there is a pressing need to explore evidence-based strategies for mitigating it within healthcare. This is especially crucial at the early stages of professional development. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial employing a 60 min lecture experimental design was conducted to evaluate changes in conceptions, beliefs, and prejudices toward obesity among healthcare undergraduates (n = 242). Results: Semantic network analysis revealed participants’ conceptualization of obesity as a condition closely linked to diet and sedentary habits. Moreover, three out of four healthcare students considered obesity a disease for which the individual is responsible. While individuals with obesity were described as weak, lazy, and having a high affinity for food, these prejudices decreased following the educational intervention. Conclusion: Following an educational intervention based on the multifactorial nature of obesity and weight stigma, it was possible to modify prejudices and conceptions about obesity among future healthcare professionals.

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Suwardi Lubis i Riza Buana. "Stereotypes and Prejudices in Communication between Chinese Ethnic and Indigenous Moslem in Medan City, North Sumatra Province – Indonesia". Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, nr 2 (26.06.2020): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i2.252.

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There are still elements of stereotypes and prejudices, which cause social distance and become obstacles to the harmonization of relations between indigenous Moslem and Chinese ethnic in Medan city. Stereotypes are characterized by a variety of labels from each ethnic group, namely: Like to group; strong family ties; rude and arrogant; aggressive and ignorant of customs; like to steal; cunning and breaking promises; poorly educated; tenacious and likes to work hard; ethnic prejudice is expressed in various forms, namely: anti-residence; avoidance; discrimination; Intercultural communication between them which ultimately did not take place effectively, where each ethnic group still retains its ethnic identity and does not want to understand the culture of other ethnic groups. The communication that is intertwined ultimately is only pseudo, rigid and shallow. Stereotypes and prejudices are the main obstacles that cause among other things the existence of social distance and the difficulty of assimilation that inhibits the integration of society in the city of Medan and the Indonesian nation as a whole.

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