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1

Smith, Geoffrey M. "Pre-Archaic technological organization, mobility, and settlement systems : a view from the Parman Localities, Humboldt County, Nevada /". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436213.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"August, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 257-268). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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2

Zoll, Mitchell K. "Prehistoric settlement in the upper Wabash River Valley". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864934.

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1989, the Archaeological Resources Management Service Ball State University conducted a reconnaissance level survey of 550 acres located within and adjacent to the Wabash River Valley in Huntington and Wabash Counties, Indiana. Additional survey was conducted in 1990 and 1991 on areas of expanded right-of-way within the original project area. The field reconnaissance located 188 archaeological sites. Twenty-one of the sites located by those surveys were subjected to archaeological testing.This study examines data from the survey and testing and presents a distribution of sites and human settlement across the study area. The study also develops a site typology which is used to address settlement pattern questions for the study area.
Department of Anthropology
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3

Guo, Lixin. "Chang Jiang zhong you di qu chu qi she hui fu za hua yan jiu : 4300B.C.-2000B.C. /". Shanghai : Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/chi0701/2007350047.html.

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4

Prasciunas, Mary M. "Clovis first? an analysis of space, time, and technology /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594497451&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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5

Winthrop, Kathryn R. "Prehistoric settlement patterns in southwest Oregon". Thesis, View full-text version online through Southern Oregon Digital Archives, 1993. http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/030904f1.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1993.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-275). Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search First Nations/Tribal Collection.
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6

Bouthillier, Christina. "A 'peripheral' place in a 'dark' age : the Iron Age ceramics of Cilicia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648291.

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7

Lowell, Julie Carol. "THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PREHISTORIC HOUSEHOLD IN THE PUEBLO SOUTHWEST: A CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY CREEK PUEBLO". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187543.

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The Pueblo household in the American Southwest is examined at Hopi and Zuni and at the prehistoric pueblo of Turkey Creek. Cultural, economic, and environmental factors that influence household organization and function crossculturally are identified and organized into a framework suitable for investigation of households in the archaeological record. Early Hopi and Zuni ethnographic material is reorganized within the research framework thus established. The arrangement of activities in space by social unit is discussed and tabulated to serve as a convenient reference for archaeologists. This research framework directs examination of household dynamics in a unique prehistoric village, Turkey Creek Pueblo. Turkey Creek Pueblo is a 335 room thirteenth century ruin of which 314 rooms were excavated. Its broad and consistently reported room attribute data provide an extraordinary opportunity for understanding the social use of space in a large prehistoric community. Analysis of 31 room variables in 301 rooms reveals that patterning of room attributes is influenced by three interacting dimensionsroom function, temporal change, and intrapueblo areal differentiation. Both the raw data and the results of the computer procedures are tabulated to serve as a reference for comparative analysis. Household dwellings were composed of three room types- storage rooms (small with no hearth), habitation rooms (large with rectangular hearth), and miscellaneous activity rooms (mid-sized with circular hearth). A typical dwelling had one habitation room, one or two miscellaneous activity rooms, and two or three storage rooms. Considerable variability existed in the size and organization of dwellings. Architectural analysis further suggests that households at Turkey Creek Pueblo formed the basal level of a four-level organizational hierarchy that included the suprahousehold, the dual division, and the village. The activities that occurred within the physical spaces associated with these social units are assessed, as are the mechanisms of population aggregation and village abandonment.
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8

Creel, Darrell Glenn, i Darrell Glenn Creel. "A STUDY OF PREHISTORIC BURNED ROCK MIDDENS IN WEST CENTRAL TEXAS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187540.

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Burned rock middens large accumulations of thermally fractured rock are among the most common features in Archaic archaeolgical sites in Central Texas. With a sample of 1654 archaeological sites, the distribution of burned rock midden sites is compared with the occurrence of live oak savanna in an area of approximately 55,800 square kilometers in west central Texas. The objective of this distributional analysis is a preliminary assessment of the hypothesis that burned rock middens relate to prehistoric exploitation of acorns. The similarity of the distribution of burned rock middens to both the modern and postulated Archaic distribution of live oak savanna supports this hypothesis. On this basis, it is Inferred that acorns from Quercus fusiformis and perhaps Q. texana and Q. sinuata, var. breviloba were major foods during at least part of the Archaic period. Burned rock middens are suggested to be accumulations mainly of discarded boiling stone fragments broken from use in stone-boiling of acorn foods. Data on modern areas of live oak savanna are used to show that the acorn production Is quite substantial in some portions of Central Texas and is sufficient in most years to support a population density of 1-3 persons per square kilometer for at least half a year. The implications of this potential are evaluated, especially in regard to the kinds of archaeological remains found at burned rock midden sites. The similarity of the distributions of burned rock middens and live oak savanna suggest that the modern general occurrence of live oak savanna is little changed from that 5000 years ago. The possible loss of oaks in one portion of the study area may reflect either short or long periods of drying conditions at some time since 5000 BP.
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9

Hood, David James, i n/a. "A social history of archaeology in New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152806.

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Consideration of the degree to which social factors have influenced the development of archaeology has become a recent focus of interest among archaeologists; however little work has been done on determining the relationship of social factors to archaeology in new Zealand. The aim of this thesis is to consider whether archaeologists were influenced by the surrounding New Zealand society between the years 1840 and 1954 and if so, in what manner were they influenced. In particular, consideration is given to how the social background of New Zealand archaeology compared with the social influences of British archaeology compared with the social influence of British archaeology of the time. For the purposes of the study the term archaeologist applies to all those who investigated or recovered in situ archaeological material. Lists of archaeologists of the day were compiled from journals, newspaper articles, and unpublished sources. From these lists the social background of those engaging in archaeology was reconstructed. Developments in archaeology theory and methodology were also examined, not only to determine the manner in which they effected the practise of archaeology, but also to determine the source of those developments, and the reasons for their adoption. The wider social context was also examined to determine the degree to which archaeology reflected certain factors in New Zealand society, not simply in the manner in which archaeology was carried out, but also in the reasons for which research was conducted. This study demonstrates that though the discipline, and in particular the power, was concentrated among urban professionals, the social spread of those engaging in archaeology was wide. This was particularly the case between the turn of the century and the Second World War, when archaeologists with a tertiary background were in a minority. Archaeologists were influenced both from inside and outside the field, the degree of influence being determined by individual factors. As archaeologists were a part of society, so too was society part of archaeological practice. In the manner in which archaeology was conducted the influence of societal attitudes towards women and Maori can be seen.
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10

Liu, Li. "The Chinese neolithic : trajectories to early states /". Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam051/2004049440.html.

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11

Faught, Michael Kent 1950. "Clovis Origins and Underwater Prehistoric Archaeology in Northwestern Florida". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565547.

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12

Russell, Thembi M. "The spatial analysis of radiocarbon databases the spread of the first farmers in Europe and of the fat-tailed sheep in Southern Africa /". Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://books.google.com/books?id=Vi9mAAAAMAAJ.

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13

Lowell, Julie C. "Prehistoric Households at Turkey Creek Pueblo, Arizona". University of Arizona Press (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595506.

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14

Mullen, Patrick Orion. "The effects of climate change on Paleoindian demography". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1663116431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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15

Klucas, Eric Eugene 1957. "The Village Larder: Village Level Production and Exchange in an Early State". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565574.

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16

Fenner, Jack N. "Prehistoric hunting on the range where the antelope play archaeological pronghorn bonebed formation analysis /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338865581&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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17

Holm, Margaret Ann. "Prehistoric Northwest Coast art : a stylistic analysis of the archaeological record". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29932.

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This thesis is a stylistic study of the prehistoric art record from the Northwest Coast of North America. Its purpose is three-fold: to describe the spatial and temporal variation in the stylistic attributes of prehistoric art; to evaluate theories on the evolution of the Northwest Coast art tradition; and to comment on the possible factors behind variation in the prehistoric art record. This study examines stylistic attributes related to representational imagery, concentrating on five variables: decorated forms, carving techniques, design elements, design principles, and motifs. The core sample consists of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images from dated archaeological contexts; a total of 242 artifacts from 58 sites are examined. The material is presented in chronological order corresponding to the Gulf of Georgia prehistoric cultural sequence. The major finding of this study is that by the end of the Locarno Beach phase or the beginning of the Marpole phase the essential character of the Northwest Coast art style had developed. There are new developments in the late period, but the evidence presented suggests a previously undocumented stylistic continuity from the late Locarno Beach phase to historic Coast Salish art with no decline in quality or productivity. This study indicates that, as far back as the record extends, three-dimensional, naturalistic forms and two-dimensional incising and engraving techniques have equal antiquity. From the Locarno Beach phase onward the flat, engraved style and the three-dimensional sculpture style developed together; the formline concept developed very early out of the raised, positive lines created by deep engraving in antler.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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18

Anderson, Derek T. "Prehistoric rockshelter utilization in the Paint Rock Canyon Archaeological Landscape District". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1317324761&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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19

Diamond, Seth J. "Vegetation, wildlife, and human foraging in prehistoric western Virginia". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45956.

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To improve the study and management of Havens Wildlife Management Area (HWMA) in Roanoke County, Virginia, the ecological history of the Ridge and Valley Province of Virginia was investigated. Palynological, paleontological, archaeological, and historical data were synthesized into a comprehensive history of the region's vegetation, fauna, and humans from 25,000 B.P. to Euroamerican settlement. A linear programming model was developed to examine the relationship between the energy demand of a human band and the food resources of HWMA 2,500 years ago. The model was based on the assumption that prehistoric human foraging was impelled by the need to satisfy energy requirements and that prehistoric human foragers strove for maximum energetic efficiency. The model was driven by an objective function, that minimized the cost (expressed in hours of labor) of the human foragers' diet. Constraints on the achievement of this goal were the available metabolizable energy in selected mountain food resources and the energy demand of a 25-person band. The product of the model was a regimen of food resources that met the band's annual energy requirement at the lowest cost. The model predicted that fall was the dominant foraging season on HWMA. Chestnut was the major food resource, satisfying 54% of the bandâ s annual energy demand. Additional primary resources were opossum and raccoon, elk, woodchuck, white-tailed deer, and black bear. Secondary and tertiary resources were passenger pigeon, bitter acorns, hickory nuts, and false Solomon's seal rhizomes. Marginal food resources were wild turkey, Jack-in-the-pulpit corms, eastern cottontail, gray squirrel, sweet acorns, and box turtle. An annual foraging strategy with a fall-winter focus in mountain ecosystems and a spring-summer focus in lowland ecosystems was suggested by the model. A comparison of the model results with an archaeological data indicated that hickory nuts were over represented and chestnuts underrepresented at archaeological sites, and that clothing, not food, limited human population density in upland western Virginia ecosystems.
Master of Science
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20

Driver, Toby. "The hillforts of north Ceredigion : architecture, landscape approaches and cultural contexts". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683329.

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21

Davey, Amanda M. "A GIS predictive model of prehistoric rockshelter selection in the Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1939182091&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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22

Kuijpers, Maikel Henricus Gerardus. "Early Bronze Age metalworking craftsmanship : an inquiry into metalworking skill and craft based on axes in the North-Alpine region". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708832.

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Chen, Shengqian. "Adaptive changes of prehistoric hunter-gatherers during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in China". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:3137869.

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Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-06, Section: A, page: 2250. Advisers: Fred Wendorf; Lewis Binford. Includes bibliographical references.
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Curtis, Jenneth Elizabeth. "Processes of cultural change : ceramics and interaction across the Middle to Late Woodland transition in south-central Ontario". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=80112&T=F.

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Holtorf, Cornelius. "Monumental past : interpreting the meanings of ancient monuments in later prehistoric Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany)". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683308.

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Burkett, Frank Newton. "A general regional research design for the prehistoric archaeological resources of the upper White River Drainage Region of east-central Indiana". Virtual Press, 1987. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/485238.

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This is a general regional research design for the prehistoric archaeological resources of the Upper White River Drainage region of east-central Indiana. Following the example of McGinsey, Davis, and Griffin (1968), this design consists primarily of research problems, questions, and hypotheses suggested by the current state of the regional data base and the pertinent literature. These research problems are organized into three basic groups which represent the goals of the discipline of archaeology (that is, the study of culture history, extinct lifeways, and culture process). These groups are themselves expressed as a hierarchy to demonstrate the relative significance of the problems expressed in each. When used as part of a greater research design process (including more specific designs) this design has the potential to contribute to the scientific rigor as well as the efficiency of archaeological research carried out in this region.
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27

Crawford, Rachel J. "Analysis of prehistoric burials at the Snidow Site (46MC1), Mercer County, West Virginia". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2007. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=737.

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Theses (M.A.)--Marshall University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Includes vitae. Document formatted into pages: contains v, 55, [62],12,[82] pages including illustrations. Bibliography: p. 52-54.
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28

Gadoua, Marie-Pierre. "Chasse aux mammifères marins et identité ethnique : le rôle du harpon au sein de la culture thuléenne : analyse comparative des sites Clachan et de l'île Skraeling". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83102.

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Although the study of Thule harpoon heads has produced important seriations, datings and technological reflections during the last century, a lack of fundamental knowledge about these weapons is still occurring. An attempt is made to document the different contexts surrounding the use of these artifacts. Technological, social and symbolic investigations are made on the occupants of the Skraeling Island site (High Arctic, Canada) and the Clachan site (Coronation Gulf, Canada) in order to build a complete understanding of the harpoon head morphological attributes. Using the hierarchical cluster analysis (SPSS), groupings have been statistically formed, underlying the meaningful dimensions of variation of the objects. It is then found that technological, social and symbolic mechanisms are systematically responsible for different aspects of Thule harpoon head morphology, and by comparing the two archaeological assemblages, we conclude that these mechanisms operate in the same direction, even if resulting in different harpoon head styles.
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Deller, D. Brian. "The Paleo-Indian occupation of southwestern Ontario : distribution, technology, and social organization". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75779.

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This study concerns Paleo-Indian behaviour and culture history in the central Great Lakes region. More than 15 sites and numerous loci associated with Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene societies in southwestern Ontario are reported. These are organized into archaeological complexes and their interpretation is synthesized into a broader understanding of early occupations in the Northeast.
Complexes are defined by projectile point typology and substantiated by other technological traits and patterns of lithic raw material utilization. Early (fluted point associated) Paleo-Indian complexes are, in suggested chronological order, Gainey, Parkhill, and Crowfield. Late Paleo-Indian complexes are Holcombe and Madina. All date between 11 000 and 10 000 B.P. according to geological considerations, pollen dating, and comparisons to dated materials elsewhere.
Seasonal rounds of resource exploitation within broad territorial ranges are suggested for Gainey and Parkhill populations. Commodity exchange involving particular implement categories provides evidence of band interaction. Mortuary practices and religious beliefs are suggested by possible cremation burials at the Crowfield site. Other significant behavioural patterns are revealed through inter- and intra-site analyses.
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30

Camps, i. Calbet Marta. "Revisiting the 40,000 BP crisis in Iberia : a study of selected transitional industries and their significance". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e9192d1c-a897-462e-8bf3-22a2f774ac24.

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This thesis focuses on the Mid/Upper Palaeolithic Transition in the Iberian Peninsula, and questions whether this process took place as hitherto widely claimed, by testing the validity of the traditional characteristics said to portray this event throughout Europe. Research was carried out at different levels: old archaeological collections from two transitional sites (Abric Romani and Reclau Viver), previously unstudied, were systematically analysed and specific organic components (perforated shells) were radiocarbon dated. A thorough bibliographic database including information on these and all other Iberian sites was complied, in order to extend the study. The theoretical perspective of the topic was also investigated, to assess epistemological factors which are so often overlooked in this field of study. The socio-political events that have marked Spain and Portugal's contemporary histories, were also studied, since they played a crucial role in shaping Palaeolithic Research in both countries. The so-called '40,000 BP Crisis', specifically located in northern Iberia, was revisited by studying not only the traditional sites which have produced chronometric readings around that date, but also others in the same region whose transitional layers have yielded much younger dates, to see if that phenomenon really existed or has been created by generalisations that have masked vital - but ultimately uncomfortable - information. The study of this event is also placed into the peninsular and the wider European contexts, an exercise that has disclosed the vast complexity of the Transition, in terms of both the actual archaeological record and the theoretical interpretations that have been presented so far. Ultimately, this research calls for a revision of some of the theoretical perspectives of Palaeolithic archaeologists, as well as far more careful site and regional-level research, in order to redress the abundant misconceptions that distort our understanding of the Transition process.
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31

Smith, Alexander. "The differential use of constructed sacred space in southern Britain, from the late Iron Age to the 4th century AD". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2000. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-differential-use-of-constructed-sacred-space-in-southern-britain-from-the-late-iron-age-to-the-4th-century-ad(a715aa75-6701-4944-bb72-8ccc436d9808).html.

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The principal aim of the thesis has been to examine the development of constructed cult loci from the late Iron Age to the late Roman period in southern Britain, focusing on the differential use of internal space. Following an initial review of the interpretative parameters used in the archaeological identification of constructed cult sites, the evidence for such loci within an Iron Age context was critically re-examined. This has led to the conclusion that not only were such sites very rare and geographically dispersed, but they were confined in most cases to the ultimate pre-Roman and Roman transition periods. It is suggested that this development may have been at least partly induced by an internal increase in societal specialisation and political hierarchy, in addition to external influences from Roman Gaul. Contextual analysis of constructed cult sites has led to the conclusion that, at least within the Roman period, they were integral parts of the political, commercial, social and ideological world of those that surrounded them. Furthermore, their virtual absence from certain areas implies that the concept of constructed sacred space as a whole did generally not find expression outside of those areas more influenced by Romanized ideology and social structure. At the core of the thesis is an analysis of the use of space within a selected number of late Iron Age and Roman period constructed sacred sites. Whilst individual site variation was substantial, there was an occasional degree of regional coherence, in addition to a more ubiquitous homogeneity in some functional and spatial characteristics. Detailed spatial analysis has only been possible on a limited number of sites because of a previous lack of comprehensive excavation. The current study has shown that it is only by analysing in detail the whole of the site, that vital information concerning function and development may be gained.
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32

Johnson, Amy L. "Mounds State Park and the New Castle Site : a ceramic reanalysis". Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/941728.

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This project was a reanalysis of the prehistoric ceramic collections from two important archaeolegical sites in east central Indiana: Mounds State Park (12-M-2) and the New Castle Site (12-Hn-1). Brief summaries of the two sites and their excavation histories are provided as well as summaries of the various pottery types involved. Specific attention is given to the New Castle Incised type.Previous interpretations regarding the ceramics from the two sties are given, and research from this project has provided new interpretations and information. Specifically, a statistical analysis was conducted, and the results show that the pottery from the two sites was made by peoples of the same culture. However, subtle changes were taking place in the manufacture of the pottery, primarily in the plain sherds.Future research goals are provided and include further excavations at both sites, thermoluminescence dating of sherds and additional study of the plain sherds.
Department of Anthropology
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33

Szuter, Christine Rose. "Hunting by prehistoric horticulturalists in the American Southwest". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184739.

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Hunting by horticulturalists in the Southwest examines the impact of horticulture on hunting behavior and animal exploitation among late Archaic and Hohokam Indians in south-central Arizona. A model incorporating ecological and ethnographic data discusses the impact horticulturalists had on the environment and the ways in which that impact affected other aspects of subsistence, specifically hunting behavior. The model is then evaluated using a regional faunal data base from Archaic and Hohokam sites. Five major patterns supporting the model are observed: (1) a reliance on small and medium-sized mammals as sources of animal protein, (2) the use of rodents as food, (3) the differential reliance on cottontails (Sylvilagus) and jack rabbits (Lepus) at Hohokam farmsteads versus villages, (4) the relative decrease in the exploitation of cottontails versus jack rabbits as a Hohokam site was occupied through time, and (5) the recovery contexts of artiodactyl remains, which indicate their ritual and tool use as well as for food.
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34

Wheadon, C. J. D. (Christopher James Daniel), i n/a. "A systemic approach to understanding prehistoric shell-bearing deposits in New Zealand: a case study from Shag Point, North Otago". University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2002. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070507.115526.

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This thesis describes a systemic approach to the study of shell remains, using material from the site of Shag Point (J43/11), in North Otago. This approach analyses the relationship between sampling, identification, quantification, and site formation processes. An historical and methodological framework is used to assess the analysis of shell-bearing deposits in New Zealand, and provide innovative solutions to bias. Historical research outlines the common research methods in New Zealand, which are relevant to Shag Point. Methodological research outlines the range of potential research methods used in the study of shell-bearing deposits. Reviewing the data from Shag Point, sampling, identification, quantification, and site formation processes are used to assess the quality of data from the site. Data from coastal sites are commonly used to generate regional level syntheses. These syntheses do not deal with all of the possible sources of bias in shell-bearing deposits. Cumulative sampling is used to assess representativeness. The data from Shag Point are indicative of a representative sample. The site is compared to three other coastal southern South Island assemblages: the nearby Shag River Mouth, Pleasant River, and Pounawea. The data from Shag River Mouth may be representative; the same cannot be said for the Pleasant River and Pounawea archaeological assemblages, thus hampering regional-level syntheses.
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35

Budd, Chelsea. "Neolithic Anatolia and Central Europe : disentangling enviromental impacts from diet isotope studies". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3166062c-6c74-4d5c-b347-c9967bedbbde.

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The aim of this thesis was to reconstruct dietary choices for Neolithic populations in Anatolia and Poland using stable isotope analysis, and to examine the extent to which local environmental factors in these regions affected the isotope values recorded from skeletal collagen. In total 278 new δ13C and δ15N values were obtained from human and animal bone collagen for this project (161 from the site of Oslonki 1, 59 from Barçin Höyük, and 58 from the site of Aktopraklik). From an environmental perspective, the multi-level statistical modelling highlighted a clear relationship with δ13C and δ15N and moisture availability, which was most evident through the proxy of mean annual precipitation (MAP). The modelling highlighted a 0.4‰ decrease in d13C for every 100mm decrease of MAP, and a 0.5‰ decrease in d15N for every 100mm decrease between sites. The δ13C and δ15N values for the North-West Anatolian sites are the first dietary isotopic studies for the Neolithic period in the region. The values are largely commensurate with the dietary isotope studies from Neolithic sites located on the Central Anatolian plateau, with the caveat that the North-West sites perhaps had a greater reliance on herbivore protein (instead of plant protein) than their plateau counterparts. The dietary reconstruction of Oslonki 1 uncovered a rather unexpected outcome - namely that status exerted a degree of control over human diet. If this is indeed true it will be the earliest evidence in Europe of a distinct relationship between the socioeconomic status and diet of an individual.
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36

Douglas, John Elmer. "Regional interaction in the Northern Sierra: An analysis based on the late prehistoric occupation of the San Bernardino Valley, southeastern Arizona". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185011.

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The terms "core" and "periphery" have a long history of use for describing regional variability in the archaeological record. Contemporary theories for the late prehistoric in the Greater Southwest often follow this tradition, postulating underlying social processes that created this division. This dissertation examines the assumptions and the evidence for theories of long-distance social interaction by considering the prehistory of the Northern Sierra, a region in the south-central Greater Southwest located in northwestern Chihuahua, northeastern Sonora, southwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona. Paquime (sometimes called Casas Grandes) in Chihuahua is widely considered to be the core of late prehistoric developments in the Northern Sierra. The history of research and interpretation of the region are carefully considered, an analysis that demonstrates the inadequacies of current data and theory. New frameworks will be needed to resolve disputed issues. Towards this end, evidence of interaction at Paquime is examined by analyzing the quantity and distribution of nonlocal ceramics within the site. These probable exchange items are found to be relatively rare and their distribution diffuse, indicating acquisition was largely casual and infrequent. Attention is then focused on the postulated periphery by examining the upper San Bernardino Valley in the extreme southeastern corner of Arizona. Data collected for this examination includes survey within the Valley and excavation of the late prehistoric Boss Ranch Site (AZ FF:7:10 (ASM)). The interpretive concerns that are addressed include (1) population movements, (2) external influences on settlement systems, (3) trade and interaction, and (4) the influences of subsistence systems. The analysis revealed no evidence of population intrusion from the "core" and few aspects of local material culture that could be ascribed to Paquime. Exchange items are rare, and the probable sources include many areas besides the zone around Paquime. Furthermore, excavation data suggest that settlements may have been occupied repeatedly for short periods. This undermines notions of stable core and periphery interaction by indicating the absence of surplus crops, stable social alliances, and hierarchical settlement systems in the region.
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37

Turner, James Harvey. "An investigation of violence-related trauma at two sites in the Pickwick Basin Dust Cave (1LU496) and the O'Neal site (1LU61) /". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03312006-153916.

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38

Price, Richard P. S. "Burial practice and aspects of social structure in the late Chalcolithic of north-east Bulgaria". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e93fb806-0a9a-4250-9e42-789743ca8f5e.

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The study considers archaeological evidence for burials and other mortuary practices from the Late Chalcolithic period in north-east Bulgaria. The Late Chalcolithic is defined (circa 4500-4000 B.C.) and around 900 burials are attributed to two cultural groups within the region in this period. It is argued that previous studies of the evidence can be rejected for assuming a straightforward equivalence between burial forms and social structures. An alternative model of social organization is proposed based on the 'structuration' and 'habitus' models of Giddens and Bourdieu which emphasize the role of the individual in the reproduction of social institutions. This framework is used to examine the importance of (mortuary) rituals and the symbolic use of material culture in strategies intended to maintain or alter the distribution of power and resources. The data is examined using quantitative measures of spatial and temporal variability and statistical measures of association between variables. It is argued that two basic patterns can be discerned and which correspond to the defined cultures. The inland cultural pattern is further divided into two 'types' based on the location and forms of burials. Burial forms and grave goods are also examined qualitatively and the values attributed to artefacts, materials and the processes of burial are addressed. From this it is argued that meanings are fundamentally mediated through processes of reciprocation between kinship groups and with ancestors. Social structures based on gender and age, the settlement community and residence are proposed. 'Codes' of the use of material culture within mortuary rituals are described and evaluated through a consideration of assemblages and performance. Changes within and between cemeteries over time are used to reconstruct patterns of competition and emulation. The interpretations of social interaction in burial practices are related to other forms of evidence from the Late Chalcolithic in north-east Bulgaria and suggestions made for a new understanding of social organization in both cultures. The conclusions are placed in a wider spatial and temporal perspective and conclusions presented relating to both the data studied and the theoretical models adopted.
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39

Pyburn, Karen Anne, i Karen Anne Pyburn. "The settlement of Nohmul: Development of a prehispanic Maya community in northern Belize". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184624.

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The study of prehistoric Maya settlements has been hampered by simplistic views of cultural ecology, over generalized ethnographic analogy, and a lack of attention to both natural and cultural site formation processes. As a result, Mayanists have tended to expect very little variety in archaeological features and have assumed cultural uniformity over wide ranges of time and space. Traditional research designs support these assumptions. Current knowledge of Maya social organization suggests that more structural variety may occur in Maya archaeological sites than is ordinarily discovered. Some of this variation is evidenced by features not currently visible on the ground-surface. The Nohmul Settlement pattern project employed a "purposive" sampling design to search for settlement variation over time and space. Several assumptions about surface-subsurface relationships were tested. Surface indications were not found to outline subsurface variety. Excavating at intervals from site center in both visible and "invisible" features, showed that the Nohmul community was affected by both centralizing and decentralizing influences and grouped into residential clusters resembling neighborhoods. The degree of centralization and the location of the clusters, as well as some of their characteristics, changed notably over Nohmul's 2500 year occupation.
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40

Waters, Nikki A. "Paradigm lost : re-evaluating prehistoric rockshelter utilization within the Hoosier National Forest region". Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1230612.

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41

Dean, Patricia Anne 1945. "Prehistoric pottery in the northeastern Great Basin : problems in the classification and archaeological interpretation of undecorated Fremont and Shoshoni wares". Thesis, University of Oregon, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11793.

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xiii, 248 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E98.P8 D43 1992
The current interpretation of post-Archaic culture history in the northeastern Great Basin is that the Great Salt Lake regional variant of the Fremont culture arose from an Archaic base and is distinguished by two types of unpainted pottery, Great Salt Lake Gray and Promontory Gray. Seen as ethnically unrelated to the Fremont, the subsequent Shoshoni culture is marked by one type of unpainted pottery, Shoshoni Ware. These types are said to be characterized by distinct combinations of attributes, but close examination reveals that what these combinations are, and how they distinguish each type, has not been clearly described in the archeological literature. In this study, I re-analyze fragments of undecorated pottery previously classified as Great Salt Lake Gray, Promontory Gray, and Shoshoni Ware. Through rigorous and replicable methods, five major attributes found in every sherd are examined: wall thickness, exterior surface color, temper material, temper size, and technique of vessel shaping. This analysis showed that previous identifications of pottery attributes were partially or entirely erroneous. Every attribute measured demonstrated the same essential pattern: Great Salt Lake Gray had a wide range of variation, and Promontory Gray and Shoshoni Ware fell within this range. Further, except for one form of temper material, Promontory Gray and Shoshoni Ware shared the same attributes with one another. Ethnographic evidence is also presented that links late prehistoric pottery to that of the historic Shoshoni, confirming a single unbroken pottery tradition in the Great Salt Lake region. I conclude that the evidence of this study does not support the concept of two unrelated pottery traditions (Fremont and Shoshoni) in the Great Salt Lake region. Based on this work, much of the traditionally conceived post-Archaic culture history of this region must be reevaluated.
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42

Verbka, Joseph M. "Archaic settlement patterns of the Upper Wabash Drainage". Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917011.

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The Upper Wabash Drainage over the last few years has become an area which has provided archaeologists with vital data concerning prehistoric settlement patterns. One time period which has not been well represented is the Archaic Period. Many questions have been unanswered about Archaic settlement patterns within the region. This study examines data from archaeological survey and presents a model for both Early and Late Archaic settlement within the Upper Wabash drainage. The information generated by this analysis will provide a better understanding of the Archaic period within this region. The study will also prove to be useful as a reference for future research as well as an important mechanism for resource management.
Department of Anthropology
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43

Lenoble, Arnaud. "Ruissellement et formation des sites préhistoriques référentiel actualiste et exemples d'application au fossile /". Oxford : J. and E. Hedges, 2005. http://books.google.com/books?id=2ShmAAAAMAAJ.

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44

Hsu, Yiu-Kang. "Dynamic flows of copper and copper alloys across the prehistoric Eurasian steppe from 2000 to 300 BCE". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6e7b95e-b852-4e38-8793-76d817149ce9.

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The study of ancient Eurasian metallurgy has been suffering from (or preoccupied by) two conventional perspectives. One is that of the diffusion model emphasising the importance of the settled empires of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, of south-eastern Europe and of China (Shennan 1986, 1993; Kristiansen 1984). The supremacy of these 'cradles' of early civilisation is marked not only by social hierarchies, but also by technological inventions such as metal production. This view sees the mobile populations of the Eurasian steppe as occupying the "hinterland" of these early settled states in the south, believing that the emergence of metal technologies in the Steppe was the result of the expansions of "advanced" civilisations. The second perspective is rooted in the provenance study which traces metal objects back to their geological sources (Pernicka 2014). It assumes that chemical and isotopic composition of metal is static and only reflects a simple linear relationship between artefacts and specific ore deposits. Drawing from a legacy database of approximately 9,000 chemical analyses of copper-based artefacts, this thesis rejects the simplicity of both the diffusion and the provenance models. While admitting that the use of metal might have originated from western Asia, the development of metallurgy in the Eurasian steppe should be understood on its own terms. It is constantly re-shaped by vigorous circulation of metal artefacts across mobile communities on a regional or inter-regional scale. This observation is based on the application of a new innovative framework to interpret the patterns of compositional data (Bray et al. 2015). This novel method argues that metal can flow, quite literally, from one object to another as it is re-melted, re-mixed and re-cast in different shapes and colours, depending on different social contexts. Thermodynamic modelling and modern experiments have shown that during the copper melt, some volatile elements in copper alloys (e.g. arsenic, antimony, and zinc) are preferentially removed through oxidative loss. Instead, some elements, such as silver, nickel, and gold, tend to be preserved in metals. These predictable patterns of elemental losses provide valuable information to trace the directional flow of metal units between regions/cultures, if we combine chemical data of metal artefacts properly with archaeological context, landscape and chronology. By using this new methodology, several routes of copper supplies have been identified in the Steppe during different periods. They feature the exchange of metals within regional networks, fuelled by local copper sources. The Urals, central Kazakhstan, the Altai, and the Minusinsk-Tuva regions were the primary copper production centres that developed distinct trace-element chemistry and artefact typology. By contrast, alloying techniques employed by steppe peoples, generally demonstrate the long-distance connections based on two major metallurgical practices: arsenical copper in the western steppe and tin-bronze in the eastern steppe. Copper-arsenic production was concentrated in the Caucasus but the recycling of its arsenical copper became more apparent further away towards the Urals. On the other hand, the invention of tin-bronze metallurgy was triggered by the formation of the Seima-Turbino phenomenon (c. 2100- 1800/1700 BC) in the Altai, and this alloying tradition was amplified by the emergence of the Andronovo culture (c. 1700-1400 BC) in the Ural-Kazakh steppe. Tin-bronze ornaments, in particular, were exchanged between eastern and western mobile communities over a considerable distance, through the mechanism of pastoral seasonal movements. In conclusion, traditional views of diffusion and provenance theories cannot be uncritically applied to the inception of ancient metallurgy in the Eurasian steppe. Mobile pastoralists developed multi-regional production hubs based on the accessibility of ore resources and the variations in subsistence strategies. Although steppe metalwork revealed some technological borrowings from settled communities, steppe peoples had transformed them into locally adapted products that could fit into their socio-economic systems. That is, when dealing with the issues of Eurasian metallurgy, we should acknowledge the complexity of human engagement with metal and look into subtler differences in cultural context, landscape, and ideology.
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45

Heflin, Tori Diana. "The La Jolla skeletal population : reconstruction of prehistoric life on the southern California coast". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610677.

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46

Lowe, Fri Maria. "The double axe in Minoan Crete : a functional analysis of production and use /". Stockholm : Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7039.

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47

Mbida, Christophe. "L'émergence de communautés villageoises au Cameroun méridional: étude archéologique des sites de Nkang et de Ndindan". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212499.

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48

Lerner, Harry 1969. "Static types to dynamic variables : re-assessing the methods of prehistoric Huron chipped stone tool documentation and analysis in Ontario". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33298.

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An assemblage of prehistoric Huron chipped stone tools has been analyzed in terms of its inherently dynamic properties. It is hypothesized that the series of measurements and ratios that has been developed is more efficient than existing systems for gauging the changing nature of these implements over time. The statistical evaluation of the data revealed strong linear relationships between various pairs of variables, such as projectile point length and tip angle and end scraper bit edge angles and bit height. It was found that comparing these data to other attributes of these tools, such as use-wear traces and reduction techniques, can be very informative about how each category of tools changed through manufacture, use, and maintenance. The results of this analysis were then compared to those of a more traditional study of a contemporaneous collection of Huron stone tools (Poulton, 1985), demonstrating the utility of the techniques developed.
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49

Diersen, Christopher John. "Archaeological analysis of bedded-chert lithic procurement at the Warsaw Quarries, Coshocton County, Ohio". Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1014792.

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The Warsaw Quarries of Coshocton County, Ohio, virtually ignored since Holmes' landmark papers of 1919, are investigated to achieve several goals: 1) to create a revised general typology of the material culture of bedded-chert lithic procurement sites; 2) to demonstrate that the occurrence of radiocarbon samples at lithic procurement sites is the norm rather than the exception; 3) to clarify the nature of activity at the site through a synthesis of functional and attribute analyses of material recovered from a peripheral spoils ridge; 4) to demonstrate that data collected at procurement sites by surface collection constitutes an insufficient database for analysis; 5) to test an hypothesis that the presumed absence of classic site elements (stratigraphy, diagnostic artifacts, dateable material) is incorrect. Since the completion of late 19`h and early 20`h century work in the field, analysis of quarry sites in North America has been limited to sporadic and usually very subject-specific research. By neglecting to evaluate the overall nature and function of lithic procurement sites, recent work has relegated lithic procurement to a sub-field of only secondary interest to archaeologists.
Department of Anthropology
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50

Ro, Hyuk Jin. "Prehistoric and protohistoric sociocultural development in the North Han River region of Korea". Thesis, University of Oregon, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11766.

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xvi, 341 p. : ill. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT GN855.K6 R6 1997
The primary purpose of this dissertation is to reconstruct sociocultural development in the North Han River Valley in Korea during the prehistoric and proto historic periods ( ca 6000 B .C.-A.D. 300). Based on theoretical ideas about the close relationship between cultural behavior and the natural environment as well as synthetical observation of archaeological data in the North Han River Valley, I have proposed the following testable hypothesis in regard to 'sociocultural development in the North Han River Valley : that its unique ecosystem brought about a subsistence pattern unique to the region. The North Han River Valley's specific geographical formation, connected with the Lower Han River Basin by way of the river system, brought it under the crucial influence of the latter's more advanced cultural elements. The circumscribed environment derived from the distinctively developed geomophological formation of the North Han River Valley influenced autochthonous sociocultural development in the region. Enumerating the most basic factors, the affluent riverine resources of the Valley enabled Chiilmun period inhabitants be heavily dependent on riverine fishing supplemented by the hunting and gathering of wild vegetation. Riverine fishing as well as hunting and gathering richly supplemented the agrarian economy which became dominant in the Valley after the appearance ofMumun people in later prehistoric times. Due to population saturation of limited arable lands, Mumun agrarian people became increasingly circumscribed and could not evolve into a state-level society. In association with this factor, the geographical proximity of the Valley to the Lower Han River inevitably brought it under the influence of advanced cultures emerging in the Lower Han River Basin. This process, which began in the later Mumun period, actually has continued to the present, passing through the protohistoric State Formation period and Paekche kingdom.
Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Song Nai Rhee; Dr. William S. Ayres; Dr. William G. Loy; Dr. Philip Young
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