Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Prehistoric antiquities

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Prehistoric antiquities”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Prehistoric antiquities"

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Eskildsen, Kasper Risbjerg. "Christian Jürgensen Thomsen (1788–1865): Comparing Prehistoric Antiquities". History of Humanities 4, nr 2 (wrzesień 2019): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/704813.

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Steinhauer, George. "Unpublished lists of gerontes and magistrates of Roman Sparta". Annual of the British School at Athens 93 (listopad 1998): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400003555.

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Fourteen unpublished inscriptions from Sparta are discussed in this article. They were found in 1950–1980 by the Fifth Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities and date from the Roman period, first century BC—second century AD. Eight of the inscriptions are lists of gerontes.
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Apaydin, Veysel. "Development and Re-Configuration of Heritage Perception: History Textbooks and Curriculum". AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 6 (8.03.2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v6i0.130.

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The plundering, looting and neglect of archaeological and heritage sites are quite common in many parts of the world. Turkey is one such country that has a poor record of preservation of archaeological and heritage sites, particularly those of minority ethnic groups and from the prehistoric and ancient periods. In other words, those which are not part of the national/official past of Turkey. The main reason for this is that Turkish formal education neglects the prehistoric and ancient past, and ‘others’ the past of minority groups. This paper will examine and discuss how and to what extent archaeology and heritage related topics are presented in formal education in Turkey, i.e., national, minority groups, prehistoric and ancient pasts and antiquities by analysing the curriculum and textbooks from 2013. Specifically, this paper will demonstrate that history education in schools has a major impact on the development and re-configuration of heritage perception, which can either lead to the protection or neglect of heritage.
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Leighton, Robert. "Antiquarianism and Prehistory in West Mediterranean Islands". Antiquaries Journal 69, nr 2 (wrzesień 1989): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500085401.

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In the West Mediterranean islands before the mid-nineteenth century, discoveries of fossil bones, prehistoric deposits in caves and megalithic monuments stimulated ideas about the remote past, as in other parts of Europe where similar phenomena were observed. Many of these ideas were characteristic of a pre-scientific age and their sources are sometimes obscure. Their inspiration can often be traced to the Bible, classical texts, folklore, as well as to advances in palaeontology and direct observation of antiquities. The study of fossils and prehistoric remains progressed gradually, following a similar pattern elsewhere. Two lines of enquiry emerged, one closely linked with progress in the natural sciences and the other concerned with ancient monuments and the background to the classical world.
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Kolia, Erophile. "A SANCTUARY OF THE GEOMETRIC PERIOD IN ANCIENT HELIKE, ACHAEA". Annual of the British School at Athens 106 (listopad 2011): 201–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245411000098.

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The article presents an apsidal temple excavated by the 6th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities at Nikoleika, in the chora of ancient Helike. The building was erected at the end of the eighth century, after levelling which probably destroyed a Protogeometric construction. A mudbrick altar erected in the first half of the eighth century lay buried beneath the temple floor: offerings and faunal remains from the altar area are presented, noting evidence for ritual dining. A terminus ante quem for the abandonment of the Geometric temple is provided by mid sixth-century architectural terracottas, presumably from its successor.
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Romanyuk, Taras. "Lubor Niederle and the development of Сzech Slavic studies and archaeology in the context of Ukrainian national progress". Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area 21 (16.11.2017): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/mdapv.2017-21-41-58.

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Activities of Czech scientists of the late XVIII-XIX centuries. concerning the study of the Slavic peoples, continued by the prominent Czech Slavic scholar, archaeologist, historian, ethnographer, philologist Lubor Niederle (1865–1944) are discussed in the article. The scientist had a good European education on anthropology and archaeology, studying in Germany and France and during his scientific trips to Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Russia, and the Balkan countries. Collected material formed the basis of his first comprehensive monograph about humanity during the prehistoric era, in particular on the lands inhabited by the Slavs. Among a large number of published researches, most important was the multivolume monograph “Slovanské starožitnosti”, in which scientist analyzed the history of the Slavs from the prehistoric period till the early Middle Ages. Publications of L. Niederle were of great interest to Ukrainian scholars (M. Hrushevskyi, F. Vovk, M. Bilyashivskyi, V. Hnatyuk, etc.). They criticized his Russophile position and defending of the dubious claims of Russian researchers about Ukrainian history. Key words: Czech Slavic studies, Lubor Niederle, Slavic antiquities, Ukrainians.
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Gill, David W. J. "‘A rich and promising site’: Winifred Lamb (1894–1963), Kusura and Anatolian archaeology". Anatolian Studies 50 (grudzień 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3643010.

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Winifred Lamb was one of the founding members of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, and a pioneering excavator in Anatolia (Caton-Thompson 1964: 51). Lamb had acquired her excavating skills as a member of the British School at Athens, where she was admitted in 1920 after reading Classics at Newnham College, Cambridge and subsequent war service in Room 40 of the Admiralty (The Times [London] 18 September 1963; Woodward 1963; Barnett 1962–3; Annual Report of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara 15 [1963] 2–3; Caton-Thompson 1964; Hood 1998: 70–5; Gill in preparation a, c; see also Ridgway 1996). During the early 1920s she excavated with members of the British School at Mycenae (Lamb 1919–21; Lamb, Wace 1921–3a-e), Sparta (Lamb 1926–7a-b; see also Hood 1998: 59–131) and in Macedonia (Heurtley 1939; Lamb 1940; see also Hood 1998: 144–49). Her interest in prehistory was also reflected in her creation of a prehistoric gallery at the Fitzwilliam Museum in the University of Cambridge, where she had been appointed Honorary Keeper of Greek and Roman antiquities in 1920 (Gill 1999a).
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Gedo, John E. "Art Alone Endures". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 40, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519204000209.

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Sigmund Freud, a passionate collector of antiquities, often treated these objects as animate beings. He described such blurring of boundaries between persons and things in the protagonist of W. Jensen's novella, Gradiva. Freud began collecting when his father died, but his unusual attitude toward artefacts was established much earlier, presumably as a consequence of repeated early disappointments in human caretakers. It is postulated that this adaptive maneuver was not simply a displacement of love and hate, but a turning away from vulnerability in relationships, toward attachments over which he might retain effective control. The Freud Collection is largely focused on Greco-Roman and Egyptian objects. Freud's profound interest in classical civilization was established in childhood; he was particularly concerned with the struggle between Aryan Rome and Semitic Carthage, a conflict in which he identified with both sides. This ambivalence reflected growing up within a marginal Jewish family in a Germanic environment. Commitment to classical ideals represented an optimal manner of bridging these contrasting worlds. Egyptian artefacts were, for Freud, links to the prehistory of the Jewish people; they also represent an era when maternal deities found their proper place in man's pantheon—an echo of Freud's prehistoric past.
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Bevan, Andrew, Evangelia Kiriatz, Carl Knappett, Evangelia Kappa i Sophia Papachristou. "Excavation of Neopalatial deposits at Tholos (Kastri), Kythera". Annual of the British School at Athens 97 (listopad 2002): 55–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400017342.

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Several rock-cut features, exposed on the surface of a trackway in the Tholos area of Kastri, Kythera, were excavated in July–August 2000 as a synergasia between Kythera Island Project and 2nd Ephoria of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities. Although the surviving deposits were extremely shallow, they produced large quantities of conical cups and other pottery of Late Minoan I date. Further comparative analysis of the features themselves and their finds suggests that these are the remains of tomb chambers similar to those excavated in the area in the 1960s. These tombs and their assemblages show extremely strong cultural connections with Crete, but also idiosyncrasies that probably reflect the particular mortuary customs of the island.
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Whittaker, John C., i Michael Stafford. "Replicas, Fakes, and Art: The Twentieth Century Stone Age and Its Effects on Archaeology". American Antiquity 64, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694274.

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In addition to archaeologists who make stone tools for experimental purposes, there is a growing number of flintknappers who make lithic artifacts for fun and for profit. The scale of non-academic knapping is little known to archaeologists, and is connected to a flourishing market for antiquities, fakes, replicas, and modern lithic art. Modern stone tools are being produced in vast numbers, and are inevitably muddling the prehistoric record. Modern knappers exploit some material sources heavily, and their debitage creates new sites and contaminates old quarry areas. Modern knapping is, however, a potential source of archaeological insights, and a bridge between the professional community and the interested public. Modern knapping also is creating a “twentieth-century stone age,” and archaeologists working with lithic artifacts need to be aware of the problems and potentials.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Prehistoric antiquities"

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Smith, Geoffrey M. "Pre-Archaic technological organization, mobility, and settlement systems : a view from the Parman Localities, Humboldt County, Nevada /". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436213.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2006.
"August, 2006." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 257-268). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2006]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Zoll, Mitchell K. "Prehistoric settlement in the upper Wabash River Valley". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864934.

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1989, the Archaeological Resources Management Service Ball State University conducted a reconnaissance level survey of 550 acres located within and adjacent to the Wabash River Valley in Huntington and Wabash Counties, Indiana. Additional survey was conducted in 1990 and 1991 on areas of expanded right-of-way within the original project area. The field reconnaissance located 188 archaeological sites. Twenty-one of the sites located by those surveys were subjected to archaeological testing.This study examines data from the survey and testing and presents a distribution of sites and human settlement across the study area. The study also develops a site typology which is used to address settlement pattern questions for the study area.
Department of Anthropology
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Guo, Lixin. "Chang Jiang zhong you di qu chu qi she hui fu za hua yan jiu : 4300B.C.-2000B.C. /". Shanghai : Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/chi0701/2007350047.html.

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Prasciunas, Mary M. "Clovis first? an analysis of space, time, and technology /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594497451&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Winthrop, Kathryn R. "Prehistoric settlement patterns in southwest Oregon". Thesis, View full-text version online through Southern Oregon Digital Archives, 1993. http://soda.sou.edu/awdata/030904f1.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1993.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 256-275). Also available via Internet as PDF file through Southern Oregon Digital Archives: http://soda.sou.edu. Search First Nations/Tribal Collection.
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Bouthillier, Christina. "A 'peripheral' place in a 'dark' age : the Iron Age ceramics of Cilicia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648291.

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Lowell, Julie Carol. "THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PREHISTORIC HOUSEHOLD IN THE PUEBLO SOUTHWEST: A CASE STUDY FROM TURKEY CREEK PUEBLO". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187543.

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The Pueblo household in the American Southwest is examined at Hopi and Zuni and at the prehistoric pueblo of Turkey Creek. Cultural, economic, and environmental factors that influence household organization and function crossculturally are identified and organized into a framework suitable for investigation of households in the archaeological record. Early Hopi and Zuni ethnographic material is reorganized within the research framework thus established. The arrangement of activities in space by social unit is discussed and tabulated to serve as a convenient reference for archaeologists. This research framework directs examination of household dynamics in a unique prehistoric village, Turkey Creek Pueblo. Turkey Creek Pueblo is a 335 room thirteenth century ruin of which 314 rooms were excavated. Its broad and consistently reported room attribute data provide an extraordinary opportunity for understanding the social use of space in a large prehistoric community. Analysis of 31 room variables in 301 rooms reveals that patterning of room attributes is influenced by three interacting dimensionsroom function, temporal change, and intrapueblo areal differentiation. Both the raw data and the results of the computer procedures are tabulated to serve as a reference for comparative analysis. Household dwellings were composed of three room types- storage rooms (small with no hearth), habitation rooms (large with rectangular hearth), and miscellaneous activity rooms (mid-sized with circular hearth). A typical dwelling had one habitation room, one or two miscellaneous activity rooms, and two or three storage rooms. Considerable variability existed in the size and organization of dwellings. Architectural analysis further suggests that households at Turkey Creek Pueblo formed the basal level of a four-level organizational hierarchy that included the suprahousehold, the dual division, and the village. The activities that occurred within the physical spaces associated with these social units are assessed, as are the mechanisms of population aggregation and village abandonment.
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Creel, Darrell Glenn, i Darrell Glenn Creel. "A STUDY OF PREHISTORIC BURNED ROCK MIDDENS IN WEST CENTRAL TEXAS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187540.

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Burned rock middens large accumulations of thermally fractured rock are among the most common features in Archaic archaeolgical sites in Central Texas. With a sample of 1654 archaeological sites, the distribution of burned rock midden sites is compared with the occurrence of live oak savanna in an area of approximately 55,800 square kilometers in west central Texas. The objective of this distributional analysis is a preliminary assessment of the hypothesis that burned rock middens relate to prehistoric exploitation of acorns. The similarity of the distribution of burned rock middens to both the modern and postulated Archaic distribution of live oak savanna supports this hypothesis. On this basis, it is Inferred that acorns from Quercus fusiformis and perhaps Q. texana and Q. sinuata, var. breviloba were major foods during at least part of the Archaic period. Burned rock middens are suggested to be accumulations mainly of discarded boiling stone fragments broken from use in stone-boiling of acorn foods. Data on modern areas of live oak savanna are used to show that the acorn production Is quite substantial in some portions of Central Texas and is sufficient in most years to support a population density of 1-3 persons per square kilometer for at least half a year. The implications of this potential are evaluated, especially in regard to the kinds of archaeological remains found at burned rock midden sites. The similarity of the distributions of burned rock middens and live oak savanna suggest that the modern general occurrence of live oak savanna is little changed from that 5000 years ago. The possible loss of oaks in one portion of the study area may reflect either short or long periods of drying conditions at some time since 5000 BP.
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Hood, David James, i n/a. "A social history of archaeology in New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152806.

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Consideration of the degree to which social factors have influenced the development of archaeology has become a recent focus of interest among archaeologists; however little work has been done on determining the relationship of social factors to archaeology in new Zealand. The aim of this thesis is to consider whether archaeologists were influenced by the surrounding New Zealand society between the years 1840 and 1954 and if so, in what manner were they influenced. In particular, consideration is given to how the social background of New Zealand archaeology compared with the social influences of British archaeology compared with the social influence of British archaeology of the time. For the purposes of the study the term archaeologist applies to all those who investigated or recovered in situ archaeological material. Lists of archaeologists of the day were compiled from journals, newspaper articles, and unpublished sources. From these lists the social background of those engaging in archaeology was reconstructed. Developments in archaeology theory and methodology were also examined, not only to determine the manner in which they effected the practise of archaeology, but also to determine the source of those developments, and the reasons for their adoption. The wider social context was also examined to determine the degree to which archaeology reflected certain factors in New Zealand society, not simply in the manner in which archaeology was carried out, but also in the reasons for which research was conducted. This study demonstrates that though the discipline, and in particular the power, was concentrated among urban professionals, the social spread of those engaging in archaeology was wide. This was particularly the case between the turn of the century and the Second World War, when archaeologists with a tertiary background were in a minority. Archaeologists were influenced both from inside and outside the field, the degree of influence being determined by individual factors. As archaeologists were a part of society, so too was society part of archaeological practice. In the manner in which archaeology was conducted the influence of societal attitudes towards women and Maori can be seen.
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Liu, Li. "The Chinese neolithic : trajectories to early states /". Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam051/2004049440.html.

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Książki na temat "Prehistoric antiquities"

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Adams, Richard E. W. Prehistoric Mesoamerica. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

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Frances, Lynch. Prehistoric Wales. Stroud [England]: Sutton Pub., 2000.

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1963-, Bailey Douglass W., Panaĭotov Ivan 1942- i Alexandrov Stefan, red. Prehistoric Bulgaria. Madison, Wis: Prehistory Press, 1995.

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MacSween, Ann. Prehistoric Scotland. London: Batsford, 1989.

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translator, Imholz Kathleen, red. Vendbanimi prehistorik i Maliqit: The prehistoric settlement of Maliq. Tiranë: "Botimet M&B", 2018.

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Darvill, Timothy. Prehistoric Britain. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.

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Wilson, Daniel. Prehistoric annals of Scotland. Wyd. 2. London: Macmillan, 1986.

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Daniel, Wilson. Prehistoric annals of Scotland. Wyd. 2. London: Macmillan, 1986.

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Daniel, Wilson. Prehistoric annals of Scotland. Wyd. 2. London: Macmillan, 1986.

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Ritchie, Anna. Prehistoric Orkney. London: Batsford, 1995.

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Części książek na temat "Prehistoric antiquities"

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Melman, Billie. "Prehistories for Modernity". W Empires of Antiquities, 216–46. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824558.003.0008.

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Chapter 7 considers the discovery, after the First World War, of the prehistoric Near East and explores its far-reaching impact on discourses on the origins of humans, their migrations, and the migration of civilizations, on time and its scale, and the relationship between recorded history and prehistory. The chapter focuses on two sites of excavations: the Middle and Lower Stone Age hangouts of the Wadi al-Mugharah on Mount Carmel in Palestine, situated near the developing town of Haifa, and the late Neolithic Tell Arpachiyah in northern Iraq, bordering Mosul. Both engendered considerable scholarly, popular, and political attention, and both demonstrate the variety and scope within prehistory and its immense stretch, covering at least 500,000 years. Near Eastern prehistory relativized senses of time, dwarfed history, and contested biblical narratives and temporality. The chapter examines the excavations in the Carmel caves against the backdrop of mandatory development policies and modernization. It demonstrates how discoveries of rich Palaeolithic tool cultures spurred comparisons between modern humans and hominins. It sets the representations of Neanderthals in broader debates on prehistoric people and their humanity, paying special attention to the attitudes of prehistorians such as Dorothy A. Garrod who conducted the Carmel excavations and Jacquetta Hawkes, a popularizer of prehistory in her poetry and autobiographical writing on prehistoric women. Neolithic Arpachiyah, too, spurred analogies by its excavators, chiefly Max Mallowan, between prehistoric and contemporary Mesopotamia and the multi-ethnic population of the newly independent Iraq, and of Syria.
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Melman, Billie. "Egyptian Antiquity, Imperial Politics, and Modernity". W Empires of Antiquities, 249–80. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824558.003.0009.

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Chapter 8 draws the web of relations between Egypt’s antiquity, empire, modernity, and internationalism from the outbreak of the First World War to decolonization. It focuses on the era between Britain’s unilateral granting of formal independence to Egypt in 1922 and the Anglo-Egyptian Agreement of 1936, and sets the imperial preoccupation with ancient Egypt in national and international contexts. The chapter fills a lacuna in the historiography of Egyptology and Egyptomania which has focused on the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun in 1922 and has largely overlooked the internationalist angles of the interwar obsession with ancient Egypt. The chapter maps the expansion of interest in Egypt beyond the pharaonic past and considers its extension to prehistoric Egypt. It relates Egyptology to the modernization of travel and speed technologies, and to popular representations of Egypt as a centre of globalized travel in a connective empire. The chapter further considers the roles of the global media in mediating between discoveries and transnational audiences. Following on the theme of the internationalization of Egypt’s past, it considers the presence of Egypt in material culture, particularly in eclectic styles and design which were associated with modernity, such as Art Deco architecture and fashion. One main argument of the chapter is that the interwar discovery of Egypt’s multiple pasts was characterized by an internationalization apparent in the politics of archaeology, the spread of the new regime of antiquities and cooperation between Egyptian nationalists and internationalist bodies, and in the mass production and consumption of Egyptiana.
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Snead, James E. "“Mementos of the Prehistoric Races”: Antiquarians and Archaeologists in the Centennial Decade". W Relic Hunters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736271.003.0010.

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The long Worcester slumber of the Kentucky Mummy came to an end in 1875, with a letter to Joseph Henry from Samuel Haven, then in his fourth decade as Librarian of the American Antiquarian Society. “Nearly a year ago,” Haven wrote, “I received from you a request that the mummy (so called) from a cave in Kentucky, which had for many years been in possession of this Society, should be transferred to the Smithsonian Institution . . . I therefore . . . now feel at liberty to forward the body by express; hoping that you may find it convenient to make such return in exchange as seems proper.” Thus the Kentucky Mummy was packed up and sent south—by train, rather than by wagon, as in her northward journey—with little fanfare at either end. It is uncertain whether the return exchange was completed, but the episode provided an opportunity to highlight the Antiquarian Society’s collections, and perhaps thereby its priority in the study of the indigenous past. Earlier in 1875 the Society had called the attention of the membership to the display of antiquities in its halls. “Anything connected with the North American Indians is deemed worthy of the study of the antiquary,” noted the Council’s report, pointing out that even remains from lowly shell heaps “make known the character of their food with all the certainty of a bill of fare at the Parker House.” The same note, however, also acknowledged that the center of gravity for North American archaeology in New England had definitively shifted away from Worcester. The establishment of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard in 1866 was the initial cause of this realignment, which provided for scholarship a new venue, relatively unburdened by institutional culture. The museum’s first curator, Jeffries Wyman, died in 1874 and was replaced by a younger and more ambitious man, Frederic Ward Putnam. In the same year the Council of the Antiquarian Society was joined by Stephen Salisbury III, a dynamic patron with interests in the ancient Maya. With new leaders, the two institutions moved in different directions.
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Diaz-Andreu, Margarita. "Classical versus Islamic Antiquities in Colonial Archaeology: The Russian Empire and French North Africa". W A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217175.003.0017.

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This chapter revisits the connection between nationalism and religion in a very different setting to that seen in the biblical lands (Chapter 6) and, to a certain extent, in Central, South, and Southeast Asia (Chapters 7 and 8). It analyses how religion is able to induce the creation of alternative historical discourses to those formed on the basis of the remains of the classical civilizations. On the one hand, the historical account about the Greeks, the Romans and other contemporary peoples influenced by them such as the Scythes still maintained their powerful allure as symbols of civilization and of one’s own empire. On the other, however, the weight religion had in the nineteenth century allowed for the search of the national origin in other periods with special significance for particular churches. Thus, the Byzantine period became appropriated as a Golden Age in the Russian Empire. In contrast, the Islamic past never acquired a similar status in the French colonies of North Africa. The religious undertones of particular archaeological periods were also used to undertake a racial reading of modern populations, and therefore had a direct impact on the colonization of the area. Yet, during the nineteenth century the effect of all this in archaeology was only limited, for the search for ancient remains stubbornly maintained a focus on the classical past. A comparison between the archaeology of the Russian colonies and of French North Africa reveals several similarities and differences which shed light on the processes guiding the development of archaeology in each of these areas. In both of them the historical narrative produced by the colonizers was one in which the classical periods were better regarded and valued more positively than others, following a hierarchy from classical to Byzantine, and then to the prehistoric and Islamic periods. Also, in both colonial areas archaeology was practised by many different actors: individuals from a breadth of occupations, and professionals belonging to many institutions, colonizers settled in the colonies as well as others coming from the metropolis. Nevertheless, this diversity was much more marked in North Africa than in the Russian colonies.
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Diaz-Andreu, Margarita. "Colonialism and the Archaeology of the Primitive". W A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217175.003.0018.

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Westerners encountered a wide variety of societies in their colonial expansion. Politically these were categorized from the most complex—the state societies in regions of Asia and North Africa—to those perceived as formed by savages and primitives, with the simplest types of political organization. Their entrenched belief in a philosophy of progression took Western scholars to assume an uneventful and unchanged past for these societies. It was commonly argued that savages did not have a history. Hence, they were considered as living fossils, as ‘survivals’ from earlier stages of culture long passed in Europe. In stark contrast to the awe that the ancient Great Civilizations had inspired in imperial Europe, the antiquities of primitive societies evoked a distinctly lesser regard. Instead of appropriating them as part of their own past, Western scholars remained unreceptive: no genetic links were created with the archaeology of the ‘uncivilized’, rather, they were considered to be a distorted image of the remote European—and, from the end of the century, also Japanese—past. This position was not completely new, for primitives had been regarded as a source of information with which to understand the prehistoric past in Europe since the eighteenth century, although at that time this was made within the biblical framework (Sweet 2004: 149–51). This chapter will aim, first, to explore how, during the nineteenth century, the archaeology of the primitive was used in the formation of the colonial discourse. Secondly, the following pages will also assess the interpretations Westerners provided to explain the presence of monumental antiquities in areas considered primitive and, therefore, without a distinguished past. It is important to note that the encounter with primitive societies not only took place within newly established colonies, but also within the frontiers of century-long political formations. This chapter, therefore, regards colonization as operating at two different levels. First, colonialism in the classical sense—based on territories appropriated by a foreign power in a different part of the world. Secondly, internal colonialism, a concept which in this book is employed to define the physical occupation by white settlers of territories usually inhabited by non-state societies, both within already defined boundaries of the state or in adjacent lands.
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Diaz-Andreu, Margarita. "The Early Search for a National Past in Europe (1789–1820)". W A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199217175.003.0020.

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In the nineteenth century, the allure of the past of the Great Civilizations was soon to be contested by an alternative—that of the national past. This interest had already grown in the pre-Romantic era connected to an emerging ethnic or cultural nationalism (Chapter 2). However, its charm would not be as enticing to the lay European man and woman of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, who were much more under the influence of neoclassicism (Chapter 3). The Western European nations had no monuments comparable to the remains of Greece, Rome or Egypt. Before the Roman expansion into most of Western Europe in antiquity, there had been few significant buildings, apart from unspectacular prehistoric tombs and megalithic monuments whose significance was unrecognized by the modern scholar. Roman remains beyond Italy were not as impressive as those found to the south of the Alps. Because of this it seemed much more interesting to study the rich descriptions the ancient authors had left about the local peoples and institutions the Romans had created during their conquest. Throughout the eighteenth century the historical study of medieval buildings and antiquities had also increasingly been gaining appeal. In Britain their study instigated the early creation of associations such as the Society of Antiquaries of 1707, but even this early interest did not lead to medieval antiquities receiving attention in institutions such as the British Museum, where they would only receive a proper departmental status well into the nineteenth century (Smiles 2004: 176). In comparative terms, the national past and its relics were perceived by many to be of secondary rate when judged against the history and arts of the classical civilizations. During the French Revolution and its immediate aftermath, for example, the national past would not be as appreciated by as many people and antiquarians as that of the Great Civilizations (Jourdan 1996). This situation, however, started to change in the early nineteenth century. There were three key developments in this period, all inherited from Enlightenment beliefs, which were the foundation for archaeology as a source of national pride. The effects of these would be seen especially from the central decades of the century.
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D’Amico, Serena. "United by Context, Divided by Collection: The Nineteenth Century Collecting of Prehistoric Artifacts from Villafrati (Sicily, Italy)". W Collecting Antiquities from the Middle Ages to the End of the Nineteenth Century: Proceedings of the International Conference Held on March 25-26, 2021 at the Wrocław University Institute of Art History, 179–204. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381385862.08.

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In the historical framework of the newly unified Italy (1861), in parallel with the collection of the classical age materials, paleoethnological collections came to be defined following different dynamics of formation. Compared to the former, which traditionally occupied the field of the humanities, prehistoric artefacts struggled to be included among the sciences of antiquity, finding their place among the natural sciences instead. Particularly, natural caves proved to be exceptional archaeological contexts offering much more scientific data than the open-air sites about the definition of the most ancient history of Man and, for this reason, privileged places for the recovery of artifacts. The article aims to present the collecting history of the prehistoric materials coming from the caves of Mount Chiarastella, whose collection and formation practices fit into the framework of the Sicilian collecting history of the second half of the 19th century. Many actors were involved as well as purposes for the recovery of the artifacts, a fact that has led to an inevitable consequence, the dispersion of the artifacts in three public museums and the loss of their traces among private collections. Nevertheless, the multidisciplinary approach adopted in the research has made it possible to overcome the problems linked mainly to the lack of documentary sources, allowing the reconstruction of the entire history of research on the site, as well as the first faithful reading of the original archaeological context.
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Melman, Billie. "Introduction". W Empires of Antiquities, 1–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824558.003.0001.

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In the archaeological seasons of 1937 and 1938, 34-year-old Max Edgar Lucien Mallowan excavated on Tell Brak in north-eastern Syria. Apprenticed at the lucrative archaeological expeditions to Ur and Nineveh, Mallowan was beginning to make a name for himself as an expert on Mesopotamia’s prehistory and as an efficient organizer. “The mighty mound” of Brak took a hold of his imagination and excited him....
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Rowley-Conwy, Peter. "The Disinterested Gentlemen: England to 1860". W From Genesis to Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199227747.003.0008.

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In 1852 Thomas Wright reviewed Europe’s ancient past of Europe in his book The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon (Wright 1852). Wright was an archaeologist who worked in a variety of Welds. During his active life he did a great deal of work on medieval manuscripts, history, antiquities, folklore, arts, and sciences; he wrote full-length histories of Scotland, Ireland, and France; he excavated at the Roman town of Viriconium; and finally, he took an interest in the pre- Roman past. Wright typified a generation of mid-nineteenth century archaeological scholars whose interest in pre-Roman matters amounted to no more than a minor sideline. There were arguably two main reasons why most of the London archaeologists paid little or no attention to the pre-Roman past. The first was that, as Englishmen themselves, they had no nationalist axe to grind by stressing the earliest archaeology of England. The ancient Celtic past had been firmly claimed by the Welsh, the Irish, and the Scots ever since the ‘Celtic Revival’ of the mid eighteenth century (Morse 2005: 41–7), while the English were post-Roman immigrants. The pre-Roman or Celtic past was therefore the past of other people—the ancestors of the Welsh or Irish, nationalities not generally held in high esteem by anyone but themselves. To emphasize the Celtic past was thus to exalt the inferior—and perhaps also, by emphasizing the relatively recent arrival of the English, to play into the hands of the nascent Celtic nationalisms. Such views were by no means articulated in the publications of Wright and his generation, and we can at this remove only guess how consciously motivating such concerns really were; but it remains true that the pre-Roman past got little attention. In Wright’s The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon, the pre-Roman Celts were dealt with in just forty-four pages, or 9 per cent of the total book, the post-Roman Celts in a mere five pages, or 1 per cent. The second reason for the Londoners’ lack of concern with the pre-Roman past emerges from the very first sentences in Wright’s book: According to the system now generally adopted by ethnologists, Europe was peopled by several successive migrations . . . , all flowing from one point in the east.
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Rowley-Conwy, Peter. "Ireland: Realm of the Four Masters". W From Genesis to Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199227747.003.0010.

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On 9 January 1843, Richard Griffith addressed the Royal Irish Academy (RIA) about some antiquities found in the River Shannon. The river was being dredged to render it navigable, and the artefacts were discovered during the deepening of the old ford at Keelogue. Griffith was the chairman of the Commissioners carrying out the work, and his expertise was in engineering rather than ancient history. He stated that the finds came from a layer of gravel; in its upper part were many bronze swords and spears, while a foot lower were numerous stone axes. Due to the rapidity of the river’s flow there was very little aggradation, so despite the small gap the bronze objects were substantially later than the stone ones. The river formed the border between the ancient kingdoms of Connaught and Leinster. The objects had apparently been lost in two battles for the ford that had taken place at widely differing dates; stressing that he was no expert himself, Mr Griffith wondered whether ancient Irish history might contain records of battles at this spot (Griffith 1844). This was probably the earliest non-funerary stratigraphic support for the Three Age System ever published, but it did not signal the acceptance of the Three Age System. Just as telling as Griffith’s stratigraphic observation was his immediate recourse to ancient history for an explanation; for, as we shall see, ancient history provided the dominant framework for the ancient Irish past until the end of the nineteenth century. The Irish had far more early manuscript sources than the Scots or the English, although wars and invasions had reduced them; the Welsh scholar Edward Lhwyd wrote from Sligo on 12 March 1700 to his colleague Henry Rowlands that ‘the Irish have many more ancient manuscripts than we in Wales; but since the late revolutions they are much lessened. I now and then pick up some very old parchment manuscripts; but they are hard to come by, and they that do anything understand them, value them as their lives’ (in Rowlands 1766: 315). In the seventeenth century various Irish scholars brought together the historical accounts available to them. Geoffrey Keating (Seathrú n Céitinn, in Irish) wrote the influential Foras Feasa ar Éirinn or ‘History of Ireland’ in c.1634, and an English translation was printed in 1723 (Waddell 2005).
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Prehistoric antiquities"

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Kurbanov, Aydogdy, i Nikolaus Boroffka. "Multi-layer prehistoric site in south Turkmenistan — Dashly Depe". W Antiquities of East Europe, South Asia and South Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-34-2-26-28.

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Palaguta, Il’ya. "On the problem of the methodology of researching works of prehistoric art". W Antiquities of East Europe, South Asia and South Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-34-2-207-209.

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Кorochkova, Ol’ga. "Prehistoric information explosions in the taiga zone of the Trans-Urals and the north of Western Siberia". W Antiquities of East Europe, South Asia and South Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts)18-22.11.2019. Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-35-9-71-72.

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