Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Preface by Professor Edward J”

Jeffrey N. Johnston is a 1992 graduate of Xavier University where he completed his B.S. Chemistry degree (Honors, summa cum laude). With summer research stints in medicinal, polymer, and inorganic pigment chemistry under his belt, he transitioned to synthetic organic chemistry at The Ohio State University where he worked with Leo Paquette for his graduate work (PhD 1997). He completed postdoctoral studies with ­David Evans at Harvard University (USA) and was supported by an NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship. His independent career began in 1999 at Indiana University, where he was promoted to Professor of Chemistry before moving to Vanderbilt University in 2006. He is currently a Stevenson Professor of Chemistry. The commitment of his students and postdoctoral scholars to the discovery and development of new reactions and reagents, particularly in enantioselective catalysis, have led to numerous honors, including the Cope Scholar Award, a Fellowship from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, a Swiss Chemical Society Lectureship, and an Eli Lilly Grantee Award. It was graduate student Mark Dobish's discovery of the chiral proton-catalyzed enantioselective iodolactonization reaction (J. Am Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6068) that began his group's exploits of alkene halofunctionalization reactions for the good of chemical synthesis. Tomislav Rovis was born in Zagreb in former Yugoslavia but was largely raised in southern Ontario, Canada. He earned his PhD degree at the University of Toronto (Canada) in 1998 under the direction of Professor Mark Lautens. From 1998–2000, he was an NSERC Postdoctoral Fellow at Harvard University (USA) with Professor David A. Evans. In 2000, he began his independent career at Colorado State University and was promoted in 2005 to Associate Professor and in 2008 to Professor. His group’s accomplishments have been recognized by a number of awards including an Arthur C. Cope Scholar, an NSF CAREER Award, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a ­Katritzky Young Investigator in Heterocyclic Chemistry. In 2016, he moved to Columbia University where he is currently Professor of Chemistry.

EDWARD SHILS WAS A PROLIFIC, FORMIDABLE AND unconventional sociologist. Sustained by his immense learning and extraordinary memory, and following the traditions of Max Weber and of the Chicago School, he brought other disciplines (notably European social and political thought) to bear upon his sociology. Over his long and productive lifetime he held positions in the most distinguished of universities: in England these included the LSE, Manchester and Peterhouse, Cambridge. He regularly spent about half of every year in Cambridge. Above all he was a loyal and long-serving teacher at the University of Chicago where he was distinguished service professor and had been among those who established the Committee of Social Thought. His scholarship was recognized in the USA by the invitation of the US National Council on the Humanities to give the prestigious Jefferson Lecture in 1979 and in Europe by the award of the Balzan Prize for service to general sociology in 1983. Government and Opposition has itself lost a most valued contributor and member of its Advisory Board.

Ying-Yeung Yeung received his B.Sc. (2001) at The Chinese University of Hong Kong. He continued his graduate research at the same university under the supervision of Prof. Tony K. M. Shing. After four years (2001–2005) of research dedicated toward natural product synthesis, he moved to the USA to conduct postdoctoral research with Prof. E. J. Corey at Harvard University (2005–2008). In 2008, he joined the National University of Singapore, Department of Chemistry. In 2015, he moved to The Chinese University of Hong Kong as an associate professor. He has been the department chairman (since 2016) and a full professor (since 2019). His research interests include asymmetric catalysis, green oxidation, and methodology development.

The 18th IUPAC International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics (ICCT-2004), concurrent with the 12th National Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermal Analysis, was held 17-21 August 2004 at the Fragrant Hill Hotel, Beijing, China. Professor Haike Yan was Conference Chair, Prof. Zhiwu Yu was Conference Co-chair, and Prof. Xibai Qiu was Secretary. The 395 participants came from 40 countries.During the official opening ceremony, there was a presentation of the first Doctorate Awards to be given by the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics, with sponsorship from Elsevier. The three recipients were Dr. Lin Chen, Tsinghua University, Beijing; Mr. Dirk Wandschneider, University of Rostock, Germany; and Mr. Weiguo Xu, Liaoning University, China. They each received a certificate plus a cash prize of USD 500.The conference began with the Rossini lecture, presented by Prof. Jean-Pierre E. Grolier on "Advanced experimental techniques in polymer thermodynamics". The conference program consisted of eight symposia and three workshops. In Symposium 1, Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solution Thermodynamics, Prof. Emmerich Wilhelm gave the plenary lecture "The fascinating world of pure and mixed nonelectrolytes". There were invited lectures by Profs. Eckhard Vogel, Fumio Hirata, and Takayoshi Kimura. In Symposium 2, New Materials, Prof. C. Richard Catlow presented the plenary lecture "Computational approaches to the catalytic activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds", and invited lectures were given by Profs. Mary Anne White and Vladimir Durov. The plenary lecture in Symposium 3, Phase Equilibrium, Supercritical Fluids, and Separation Technologies, was given by Prof. Pablo Debenedetti on "Thermodynamics of supercooled and glassy water", with invited lectures from Profs. Cornelis Peters and Ding-Yu Peng. Symposium 4, Biological, Medical, Pharmaceutical, Agricultural, and Food Thermodynamics, had as its plenary lecturer Prof. Stephan Grzesiek, who spoke on "Biomolecular interactions in solutions". Professors Lee Hansen and Ichiro Hatta were the invited lecturers.Symposium 5 was on Colloid and Interface Science. Professor Bernard Cabane presented the plenary lecture "Solid-liquid separation", and there were invited lectures from Dr. Gerd Olofsson and Profs. Watson Loh and Xueqin An. The title of Symposium 6 was Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, and Molecular Simulation. The plenary lecture "Non-equilibrium pattern formation" was presented by Prof. Qi Ouyang, with an invited lecture by Prof. Zhen-Gang Wang. Symposium 7 considered Thermochemistry and Molecular Energetics, with Prof. Michio Sorai, the plenary lecturer, speaking on "Entropy diagnosis for phase transitions occurring in functional materials". Professor Juliana Boerio-Goates gave the invited lecture. Symposium 8 was on Industrial Thermodynamics and Data Bases. Dr. Michael Fenkel gave the plenary lecture on "Global communications and expert systems in thermodynamics: Connecting property measurement and chemical process design". Invited lectures were given by Profs. Pertti Koukkari and Zhoulan Yin.There were three workshops. Prof. Kazuya Saito was invited lecturer for the Workshop on Thermodynamic Frontiers and Education. Professors Joan Brennecke and Andreas Heintz were invited lecturers for the Ionic Liquids Workshop. Professors Joon Won Park and Junko Morikawa gave invited lectures at the Workshop on New Experimental Techniques, including Nanotechnology.In addition, there were over 180 oral presentations, spread over the symposia and workshops, and about 280 poster presentations.The Rossini lecture and plenary lectures, with the exception of the paper by Prof. P. Debenetti where the field was recently reviewed [1,2], are published in this issue, together with the invited paper by Prof. Lee Hansen entitled "A thermodynamic law of adaptation of plants to environmental temperatures". Selected papers from individual symposia will be published in the Journal of Molecular Liquids (Symposium 1), Fluid Phase Equilibria (Symposia 3 and 6), the Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics (Symposia 1, 2, and 7), Thermochimica Acta (Symposium 4), or in the Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data (Workshop on Ionic Liquids).After the previous weeks when it had been very hot and humid, the temperature dropped and the weather was most pleasant for the conference. This change in weather, together with the attractive setting of the hotel, the excellent hospitality, which included a welcome reception, an evening of acrobatics entertainment, a conference banquet in the Summer Palace, and the high standard of the presentations, made this conference memorable. In addition, there was a full program of tours for accompanying persons. Our thanks are extended to the Conference Chair and Co-chair, and to all members of the local Organizing Committee, the International Advisory Committee, and the International Scientific Committee. We are most grateful to IUPAC, the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics, the China Association for Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for sponsoring the conference.Thermodynamics will continue to be an important area of research for many years to come, with a wide range of applications from chemical engineering to the biosciences. We look forward to the presentation and discussion of the results of further advances in chemical thermodynamics at the next ICCT, which will take place in Boulder, Colorado in 2006.1. P. G. Debenedetti. J. Phys.: Condens. Mater. 45, R1669-1726 (2003).2. P. G. Debenedetti and H. E. Stanley. Phys. Today 56, 40-46 (2003).J. H. DymondConference Editor

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Simply defined, a Smart City is a city overlaid by a digital layer, which is used for the governance of the city. A Smart City uses intelligent technology to enhance our quality of life in urban environments, bringing together people and data from disparate sources such as sensors, demographics, topographic and 3D mapping, Building Information Models and many more. Increasingly, Smart Cities use this data in a variety of ways, to address key challenges related to transportation, communications, air quality, noise, well-being of the citizens, decision making relating to education and health and urban planning, as well as in relation to initiatives such as startups and fostering economic growth and employment within the city. As more data becomes available, the challenges of storing, managing and integrating such data are also multiplied.</p><p>This increasing interest in Smart Cities world-wide, along with a growing understanding of the importance of integrating “Smart” data with other data and wider applications for the benefit of citizens, made the choice of hosting the third Smart Data, Smart Cities conference in Delft &amp;ndash; in conjunction with three other conferences &amp;ndash; a very natural one. Together the four conferences were held during the week of 1st&amp;ndash;5th October 2018, and alongside SDSC participants were invited to attend the ISPRS Technical Commission IV Symposium, the 13th 3D GeoInfo Conference and the 6th International FIG Workshop on 3D Cadastres. Participant interaction – and the ability to attend sessions across the four events – was particularly encouraged. SDSC 2018 itself was organised by the Urban Data Management Society (UDMS www.udms.net), ISPRS and TU Delft (the Delft University of Technology), and Professor Volker Coors Chaired the SDSC committee.</p><p>As in previous years, three key conference themes were proposed to represent the Smart Cities: <b>Smart Data</b> (sensor network databases, on-the-fly data mining, geographic and urban knowledge modeling and engineering, green computing, urban data analytics and big data, big databases and data management), <b>Smart People</b> (volunteered information, systems for public participation) and <b>Smart Cities</b> (systems of territorial intelligence, systems for city intelligence management,3D modeling of cities, internet of things, social networks, monitoring systems, mobility and transportation, smart-city-wide telecommunications infrastructure, urban knowledge engineering, urban dashboard design and implementation, new style of urban decision-making systems, geovisualization devoted to urban problems, disaster management systems).</p><p>This volume consists of 7 papers, which were selected from 34 submissions on the basis of peer review. These papers present novel research concerning the use of spatial information and communication technologies in Smart Cities, addressing different aspects relating to Smart Data. Selected papers tackle different aspects of Smart Cities: transport, sustainable mobility; dashboards and web GIS; citizen engagement and participation; sensors; urban decision making.</p><p>The editors are grateful to the members of the Scientific Committee for their time and valuable comments, which contributed to the high quality of the papers. Reviews were contributed by: Giorgio Agugiaro, Maria Antoniabrovelli, Ken Arroyoohori, Martina Baucic, Michela Bertolotto, Pawel Boguslawski, Azedine Boulmakoul, Caesar Cardenas, Ofelia Cervantes, Volker Coors, Isabel Cruz, Vincenzo Delfatto, Claire Ellul, Tarun Ghawana, Gesquiere Gilles, Gerhard Groeger, Eberhard Gulch, Jan-Henrik Haunert, Stephen Hirtle, Umit Isikdag, Martin Kada, Snjezana Knezic, Robert Laurini, Liu Liu, Ed Manley, Viviana Mascardi, Marco Minghini, Raul Monroy, Regina Motz, Beniamino Murgante, Marco Painho, Dev Paudyal, Alenka Poplin, Ivana Racetin, Ismail Rakip Karas, Preston Rodrigues, David Sol, Wei Tu, Wei Tu, Genoveva Vargas, Kavita Vemuri, Edward Verbree, Mingshu Wang, Maribel Yasminasantos, Sisi Zlatanova. We are also grateful to the work of the local organising committee at TU Delft, without whom this conference would not have been possible.</p>

This issue of Florilegium is dedicated to its originator and longtime editor, Dr Douglas J. Wurtele, professor emeritus of Carleton University in Ottawa. The Canadian Society of Medievalists/Societe canadienne des medievistes takes great pleasure in this opportunity to mark the scholarly achievements and professional contributions to medieval studies of one of its best-known and most respected members. With the support of several enthusiastic colleagues, Dr Wurtele began Florilegium more than twenty years ago as an interdisciplinary journal for classical and medieval studies. For a long time, that journal was one of the few venues in which Canadian medievalists might communicate with one another. It is not surprising then that, given his dedication to fostering medieval studies in Canada, Dr Wurtele became one of the earliest active supporters of the new Canadian Society of Medievalists/Societe canadienne des medievistes when it was first organised in 1993. The association of Florilegium with the Society was proposed almost from the beginning, when Dr Wurtele made a very generous offer to the Society that would be of enormous benefit to both the journal and CSM/SCM. It was expected then that he would continue to edit Florilegium and that the Society would be able to rely on his wide experience in running a scholarly journal. His expertise had also been conspicuous during his very successful tenure as editor of English Studies in Canada for the Association of Canadian College and University Teachers of English (ACCUTE). Unfortunately, Dr Wurtele had to resign as editor because of ill health. Despite this setback, he worked as hard as ever to complete the final issue under his direction and turned over to our new editor, Dr Jane Toswell, a smoothly-functioning journal.

This is article providing a brief description of the life and scientific achievements of Alan Edward Beck, emeritus Professor of Western University. He was born in England on January 27, 1928 and passed away on December 1st, 2020 at his home in London (Ontario), Canada. He will be remembered not only for his significant contributions in Geophysics but also his active participation in activities of the International Heat Flow Commission- IHFC. In 1958 he was a founding faculty member of the Department of Geophysics of the University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. Shortly thereafter became Acting Head (1961), and then Head (1963) of the Department of Geophysics. He was a founding member of the International Heat Flow Commission, Vice Chairman for the period of 1979 to 1983 and then Chairman during 1983 to 1987. He retired in 1993 but continued to be active with participation in several international organizations. Beck was honored with the J. Tuzo Wilson Award of the Canadian Geophysical Union in 1993.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Simply defined, a Smart City is a city overlaid by a digital layer, which is used for the governance of the city. A Smart City uses intelligent technology to enhance our quality of life in urban environments, bringing together people and data from disparate sources such as sensors, demographics, topographic and 3D mapping, Building Information Models and many more. Increasingly, Smart Cities use this data in a variety of ways, to address key challenges related to transportation, communications, air quality, noise, well-being of the citizens, decision making relating to education and health and urban planning, as well as in relation to initiatives such as startups and fostering economic growth and employment within the city. As more data becomes available, the challenges of storing, managing and integrating such data are also multiplied.</p><p> This increasing interest in Smart Cities world-wide, along with a growing understanding of the importance of integrating “Smart” data with other data and wider applications for the benefit of citizens, made the choice of hosting the third Smart Data, Smart Cities conference in Delft – in conjunction with three other conferences – a very natural one. Together the four conferences were held during the week of 1st–5th October 2018, and alongside SDSC participants were invited to attend the ISPRS Technical Commission IV Symposium, the 13th 3D GeoInfo Conference and the 6th International FIG Workshop on 3D Cadastres. Participant interaction – and the ability to attend sessions across the four events – was particularly encouraged. SDSC 2018 itself was organised by the Urban Data Management Society (UDMS www.udms.net), ISPRS and TU Delft (the Delft University of Technology), and Professor Volker Coors Chaired the SDSC committee.</p><p> As in previous years, three key conference themes were proposed to represent the Smart Cities: <b>Smart Data</b> (sensor network databases, on-the-fly data mining, geographic and urban knowledge modeling and engineering, green computing, urban data analytics and big data, big databases and data management), <b>Smart People</b> (volunteered information, systems for public participation) and <b>Smart Cities</b> (systems of territorial intelligence, systems for city intelligence management,3D modeling of cities, internet of things, social networks, monitoring systems, mobility and transportation, smart-city-wide telecommunications infrastructure, urban knowledge engineering, urban dashboard design and implementation, new style of urban decision-making systems, geovisualization devoted to urban problems, disaster management systems).</p><p> This volume consists of 18 papers, which were selected from 34 submissions on the basis of double blind review, with each paper being reviewed by a minimum of three reviewers. These papers present novel research concerning the use of spatial information and communication technologies in Smart Cities, addressing different aspects of Smart Data and Smart Citizens. The selected papers tackle different aspects of Smart Cities: 3D; Citizen Engagement; transport, sustainable mobility; dashboards and web GIS; citizen engagement and participation; sensors; urban decision making.</p><p> The editors are grateful to the members of the Scientific Committee for their time and valuable comments, which contributed to the high quality of the papers. Reviews were contributed by: Giorgio Agugiaro, Maria Antoniabrovelli, Ken Arroyoohori, Martina Baucic, Michela Bertolotto, Pawel Boguslawski, Azedine Boulmakoul, Caesar Cardenas, Ofelia Cervantes, Volker Coors, Isabel Cruz, Vincenzo Delfatto, Claire Ellul, Tarun Ghawana, Gesquiere Gilles, Gerhard Groeger, Eberhard Gulch, Jan-Henrik Haunert, Stephen Hirtle, Umit Isikdag, Martin Kada, Snjezana Knezic, Robert Laurini, Liu Liu, Ed Manley, Viviana Mascardi, Marco Minghini, Raul Monroy, Regina Motz, Beniamino Murgante, Marco Painho, Dev Paudyal, Alenka Poplin, Ivana Racetin, Ismail Rakip Karas, Preston Rodrigues, David Sol, Wei Tu, Wei Tu, Genoveva Vargas, Kavita Vemuri, Edward Verbree, Mingshu Wang, Maribel Yasminasantos, Sisi Zlatanova. We are also grateful to the work of the local organising committee at TU Delft, without whom this conference would not have been possible. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume IV-4/W7, 2018 3rd International Conference on Smart Data and Smart Cities, 4–5 October 2018, Delft, The Netherlands</p>

Trata-se da tradução (Marisa García Vergaray e Paulo Sustersic) do livro La città posmoderna. Magie e paure della metropoli contemporânea, de 1997. O interesse principal deste livro está no olhar de um sociólogo italiano, professor da Escola de Arquitetura da Universidade de Florença, que pode ser contraposto à recente literatura anglo-americana sobre a mesma temática, como, por exemplo, os textos de Nan Elin (1996), Edward Soja (2000) ou Michael J. Dear (2000).

MERV GRIFFITHS was born in Sydney on 8th July 1914, grew up in Northbridge and was educated in schools in North Sydney, including North Sydney Boys’ High School, which he attended from 1930-32. He entered what he, mischievously referred to as “The University” [University of Sydney] in 1934 to study Zoology. This period was difficult financially for all, including the University of Sydney, but in spite of the effects of underfunding and crowded conditions, Merv followed his biological interests under the tutelage of Professor W. J. Dakin and a small staff in the Zoology Department. He shared the Caird Scholarship and Haswell Prize with his friend and colleague Darcy Gilmour in 1936, obtained his Bachelor Degree in Zoology with first Class Honours in 1937, followed by his Master of Science in 1938. Merv first began publishing in the scientific literature in 1936 with a paper on The colour changes in batoid fishes in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales.

Alexander James Edward Cave (1900–2001) was a superb anatomist who extensively improved our knowledge of rhinoceros anatomy and osteology; he also published several studies on the osteology of other groups of mammals and one conservation-focused study about numbers of Ceratotherium cottoni in Uganda. Our contribution contains an identification of the rhinoceros specimens examined by A. J. E. Cave, his complete bibliography related to rhinoceroses, and two recommendations in accord to his legacy. All Cave’s morphological and genetic studies should specify the exact geographic origin of the wild rhinoceroses, if known, and some unambiguous reference numbers in the case of collections and/or captive-based specimens. Cataloguing of extinct and near-extinct extant rhinoceroses in world collections, future preservation of the collection material and its anatomical/morphological documentation for the last remnants of Ceratotherium cottoni, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, as well as Rhinoceros sondaicus and localized wild-based specimens of Diceros bicornis is highly recommended.

Abstract The Clark Tibbitts Award Lecture will feature an address by the 2023 award recipient Edward Schneider, MD of the University of Southern California. AGHE’s Clark Tibbitts Award was established in 1980 and named for an architect of the field of gerontological education. The award is given each year to an individual or organization that has made an outstanding contribution to the advancement of gerontology and geriatrics education. The Hiram J. Friedsam Award Lecture will feature an address by the 2023 award recipient Harvey Sterms, PhD, FGSA of the University of Akron. Hiram J. Friedsam was the professor, co-founder, and director of the Center for Studies in Aging and dean of the School of Community Service at the University of Northern Texas. Dr. Friedsam was an outstanding teacher, researcher, colleague, and mentor to students, faculty, and administrators, as well as a past president of AGHE. The purpose of this award is to recognize those who emulate Dr. Friedsam’s excellence in mentorship.

This issue is a special issue of the Journal based on the proceedings of a Health Management conference held earlier this year in India. Please read the editorial and the preface to discover how this eventuated. Most articles, 15 in total come from the proceedings of that conference but there are also a significant number of additional articles from our colleagues from India. Our thanks to Professor Prema Basargekar and his colleagues from K. J. Somaiya Institute of Management (K J SIM), Mumbai, India for working to make this issue significant There are some 30 articles in total In the issue. This is a record issue for APJHM.

The gubernatorial election of 1892 unnerved faculty members at Kansas State Agricultural College (KSAC). Voted into office by a “fusion” of Populists and Democrats, Governor Lorenzo Lewelling filled four vacant seats on the college's seven-member governing board, overturning a Republican Party majority for the first time in the college's history. These new regents included radicals such as Edward Secrest, a farmer who pledged to “change the order of things” at KSAC, and Christian Balzac Hoffman, a miller, banker, and politician who had founded an ill-fated socialist colony in Topolobampo, Mexico. Populist interest in KSAC intensified in 1897, when a different fusionist governing board promoted Professor Thomas E. Will to the college presidency. Born on an Illinois farm, Will attended a normal school before proceeding to Harvard University, where he chaffed within “the citadel of a murderous economic system.” When offered the chair of political economy at KSAC, Will had been lecturing, writing for reform periodicals, and serving as secretary of a Christian socialist organization called The Boston Union for Practical Progress. Although he never formally joined a Populist organization, Will shared the movement's commitment to erasing class distinctions in politics and education. Following Will's inauguration, a Populist regent exulted that the masses had finally “scaled the gilded halls of the universities.”

Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimovski (1887–1941) — professor, Soviet party and government worker; together with A. K. Dzhivelegov, he began the local study of Machiavelli's legacy in the early 1930s. His documentary historical story about an Italian politician of the late Middle Ages “Cola di Rienzo” was published in the series “The Lives of wonderful People” in 1936 [1]. During the period of political repression in 1937, V. M. Maksimovski was arrested and died in exile. The text is a re-publication of Vladimir Maksimovski's article “The Aesthetic views of Giambattista Vico”. The article was published only once in 1935 in the journal “Literary Critic” [2]. The presented research is a somewhat shortened version of the preface to the failed edition of The New Science [3] by the famous Neapolitan thinker of the Age of Enlightenment translated by A. A. Huber. The preparation of the Russian language edition of Giambattista Vico's treatise (1668–1744) was carried out by the publishing house “Academia” of the St. Petersburg (Leningrad) Philosophical Society, which existed in 1921–1937, and was interrupted. The publishing house “Academia” ceased to exist after the arrest of the last head J. D. Janson in 1937. Only a few signal copies of the “New Science” with a preface by V. N. Maksimovski were released. At the end of the article itself there is a link to the original plans for its publication in this capacity. The changes of the activity and the huge contribution of the publishing house and the author of the unpublished preface to the study of Italian culture in the USSR of those years are described in detail in K. S. Landa's article “On the reception of Italian literature in the USSR: The preparation of an edition of Giambattista Vico’s Scienza Nuova (New Science) Giambattista Vico” [4]. K. S. Landa concludes that “the attention of the author of the article was focused primarily on Vico's ideas about language, poetics and rhetoric” [4. C. 232], while we know the legacy of J. Vico, first of all, as a theory of the cycle — the development of all nations in cycles consisting of three epochs, and his theory of the state. Subsequent articles about Vico published in the Soviet Union were much more critical: the author of “Science” was declared almost a scholastic, aesthetic views were forgotten, considering him only in the socio-political context of materialistic dialectics. This is another reason why V.N. Maksimovski's preface should be considered as an important element in the overall picture of the reception of the legacy of the Neapolitan thinker in Russia, whom he called even an earlier founder of aesthetics than I.-G. Baumgarten. Maksimovski’ reflections on the aesthetic views of J. Vico came out as a separate publication [2], and since the “New Science” was published in 1940 by another publishing house with an introductory article by M. Lifshits [5], the compilers of this issue of “Studia Culturae — Italian Studies” considered it their duty to once again introduce everyone connected with the study of Italian culture, to a part of a forgotten article by the very first editor of the edition of the treatise of Vico in Russian.

AbstractEverard Booth's irenic Perkins translation The French diplomat Jean Hotman included the French translation of William Perkins' A Reformed Catholike in a syllabus of irenical literature published by him in 1607. This is important. In around 1600 Protestant people were not struck by the unfriendly remarks about the Roman Catholic Church in Perkins' book but by the fact that each of its chapters started with a discourse on the issues on which Catholics and Protestants agreed. Therefore it makes little sense to pay special attention to Perkins' dedication to William Bowes, as W J. op 't Hof does. The translator, Booth, moreover, did not know English. He made use of a Latin translation for his version and never saw the dedication to Bowes. The wording of his translation of Perkins' preface differs very much in character from the original, as a result of its origin in the Latin text. Op 't Hof refers to a note written to Booth by his publisher Schilders. Yet this note only contains information about the sale of the translation, and tells us nothing at all about the contents of the book or Booth's intentions for it. In his own preface, Booth does tell us about these intentions. Op 't Hof disregards these remarks and brushes aside the strong possibility that the work of Booth's former professor Franciscus Junius, the author of Eirenicum de Pace Ecclesiae Catholicae, may also have influenced his translation. An earlier work of translation by Booth shows his interest in the dialogue between Protestants and Catholics. On the basis of its title, Op 't Hof ascribes to it a strong anti-Romanist nature, but the book itself does not confirm this. The author states explicitly that he does not want to annoy the other side. My conclusion is that Hotman's opinion of Booth's translation of Perkins has to be taken seriously: this version of A Reformed Catholic has an irenical nature.

In 1582, the first printed collection of Czech proverbs by Jakub Srnec of Varvažov, Dicteria seu proverbia Bohemica, was printed. It became the basic source of the material for later collections of this kind by J. A. Comenius, J. Dobrovsky and others. It was inspired by the Adagiorum chiliades by Erasmus of Rotterdam. Based on them, it was divided into centuria and decades. Unlike other early modern collections of proverbs, it does not contain only the Latin translation of the mentioned proverbs - its Latin explanatory component is much richer. This is connected with the fact that the collection was originally conceived as a teaching aid for Srnec’s private school for pupils from noble families. Each proverb is accompanied by a number of related, explanatory or antithetical sentences, which resembles the genre of the collections of sentences. The authors of the sentences are given in the margins. There is a large share of ancient classics, medieval anonymous proverbs and biblical quotations. Less than one-third are quotations from early modern authors. Logically, Erasmus is the most represented among them, followed by relatively unknown Christoph Aulaeus, a professor at the university of Erfurt, with his collection of moralistic distichs. The third in terms of the number of quoted statements is the popular early modern educationist Juan Luis Vives. Based on other quoted Humanists and their works, it is possible to infer when the core of the work originated. Most frequently, Srnec used quotations from educational and moralistic handbooks, more rarely also from theatre plays with religious themes. The main aim of the publication of the collection was to prove that Czech proverbs could match not only Latin and Greek ones but also those in other living languages that had already been published for a rather long time. Unlike some educational Lutheran collections of proverbs, Srnec’s collection was not only to enlighten but also to entertain and to make the subject matter taught more pleasant for the students. Not only in that but also in the title chosen and the graphic design, it could have been inspired by the contemporary German collection of proverbs Proverbialia dicteria by Andreas Gartner. The circumstances of the collection’s origin are explained by the author in an extensive preface, in which he deliberately quotes a wide range of proverbs taken from Erasmus’s Adagia. A Czech translation of selected passages of the preface is attached to the article.

A. J. Abraham, a professor at CUNY and the New York Institute of Technology,as well as a scholar of Near and Middle Eastern History, accuratelystates that the “Islamic Tendency” has been a significant phenomenonin contemporary times and has “attracted a great deal of negative attention”(p. 2). This compendium packages two prior works: The Warriors of God:Jihad (Holy War) and the Fundamentalists of Islam and a monograph entitledKhoumani and Islamic Fundamentalism: Contributions of IslamicSciences to Modern Civilization. The former is based largely on thesismaterial coauthored with George I. Haddad at Princeton; the latter is amonograph presented during the 1979 hostage crisis in Iran. The intent ofbringing these two works together is ambitious: to foster a “sympathetic”but objective lay understanding of jihad (p. 2) that excludes the sensationalistviews exploited by all factions for political aspirations. The author’spremise, as noted in the preface, is the need for “balanced yet opposingpoints of view” (p. 3).The first work provides a background and insight on jihad that delvesbeyond the “holy war versus internal struggle” discussion. A methodologicalbreakdown of jihad into seven chapter topics, starting with thehermeneutical “Doctrine of Jihad” and ending with the legalistic “Status ofNon-Moslems,” follows a logical pedagogy in the conventional understandingof jihad from an ideological framework to an actual interpretedlaw. Abraham also acknowledges factors leading to the rise of Islamic fundamentalism(p. 12), and thereby provides a succinct framework for furtherdiscussion. Inasmuch as these factors could have been more seamlessly tiedto current developments across the Middle East, Abraham treats the defunctclash between the Islamic world and the Soviet empire as more a symptomof “resisting secularism” than of addressing the actual appeal of Islamicfundamentalism itself to individuals and the collective Muslim psyche ...

Background:Treatment guidelines recommend early initiation of csDMARDs following diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with methotrexate (MTX) as first-line therapy. Scarce evidence exists on adherence to this guidanceObjectives:To characterize first-line csDMARD treatment during the first year following an RA diagnosis.Methods:14 real world databases (3 Primary care, 6 primary/secondary care records, 5 claims) from 9 countries were included, all mapped to the OMOP common data model.Patients were included on the earliest event of: 1st diagnosis of RA or 1st DMARD prescription with an RA diagnosis within 30 days. Patients were >18 years-old, required 1+ year pre-index data, and at least 1-year follow-up. Study period covered 2000-2018. Previous users of DMARDs or non-RA inflammatory arthritis history were excluded. Only MTX, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Sulfasalazine (SSZ) and Leflunomide (LEF) were available in all databases.Results:We identified 323,547 eligible participants. Large variation was observed internationally (Figure 1). MTX as first-line monotherapy ranged from 33.3% to 74.5%, and in combination with HCQ from 2.1% to 6.7%. Three additional csDMARDs were used as first-line: HCQ in 10.1% to 30.2%, SSZ in 0.9% to 28.7%, and LEF in 1.8% to 15.2%.Figure 1.First line csDMARD treatment during 1yr from first observed RA diagnosisConclusion:We report wide heterogeneity of first-line csDMARDs regimens internationally. Despite recommendations for MTX to be first line therapy, data suggest that a large proportion of patients receive alternative csDMARD.Disclosure of Interests: :Anthony G Sena Shareholder of: J&J shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Employee of: Janssen employee, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, Denis Granados: None declared, Nigel Hughes Shareholder of: J&J shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen employee, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, WALID FAKHOURI Shareholder of: E Lilly Shares, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Antje Hottgenroth Shareholder of: Eli Lilly shares, Employee of: Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Raivo Kolde: None declared, Sulev Reisberg: None declared, Carmen Olga Torre: None declared, Talita Duarte-Salles: None declared, Yesika Díaz: None declared, Jose Felipe Golib-Dzib Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Employee of: Yes, Janssen employee, Paid instructor for: Janssen Employee, Speakers bureau: Janssen Employee, Emily S. Brouwer Shareholder of: J&J shares, Takeda shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen employee, Paid instructor for: Janssen Employee, Speakers bureau: Janssen Employee, Edward Burn: None declared, Jennifer Lane: None declared, David Vizcaya Employee of: Bayer, Sara Bruce Wirta Employee of: Janssen-Cilag Sweden AB, Marcel de Wilde: None declared, Katia Verhamme: None declared, Peter Rijnbeek: None declared, Elke Theander Employee of: Janssen-Cilag Sweden AB, Katerina Chatzidionysiou Consultant of: AbbVie, Pfizer, Lilly., Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Professor Prieto-Alhambra has received research Grants from AMGEN, UCB Biopharma and Les Laboratoires Servier, Consultant of: DPA’s department has received fees for consultancy services from UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: DPA’s department has received fees for speaker and advisory board membership services from Amgen, Patrick Ryan: None declared

Background:Cytopenia is a known side-effect of conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is a lack of data on the comparative risk of cytopenia with different csDMARDs.Objectives:To assess the comparative risk of leukopenia and pancytopenia for the most frequently used first-line csDMARDs: methotrexate (MTX), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sulphasalazine (SSZ), and leflunomide (LEF).Methods:The study used data from 7 databases from 4 countries: CCAE, MDCR, Optum, IQVIA Ambulatory EMR (US); IQVIA THIN IMRD EMR (UK); IQVIA Disease Analyzer EMR (Germany); and SIDIAP (Spain). Cohorts included adult patients with a diagnosis of RA from 2005 to 2019 with at least one-year prior follow-up, no prior inflammatory arthritis, initiaton of first-line csDMARD, and no cytopenia in the preceding 30 days. Participants were followed from one day after treatment initiation to the earliest of event occurrence, treatment discontinuation/switching plus 14 days in the on-treatment analysis, five years in the intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis, or loss to follow-up. MTX was used as reference group. Cox models were fitted with propensity score stratification for observed confounding and negative control outcomes calibration for residual error. Estimates across database were pooled where I2<40% was seen.Results:Overall 166,347 patients were included. Pooled rates of leukopenia and pancytopenia for MTX were 10.9 and 3.2 per 1,000 person years, respectively. Figure 1 and 2 show the results for the different databases and pooled estimates where applicable. Database estimates are not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained, and meta-analysis not shown where I2>0.4. MTX showed slightly higher hazards of leukopenia and of pancytopenia compared to LEF but no consistently differential risks compared to HCQ or SSZ.Figure 1.Calibrated hazard ratios (95% CI) vs MTX, on-treatment analysisConclusion:Cytopaenia is rare, and apparently more frequent with MTX and less with LEF. Since prior full blood counts were inconsistently obtained in fewer than 50% of csDMARD new users (e.g. more frequent in MTX [42%] than HCQ [32%] in CCAE and Optum; roughly equal in MDCR), these results should inform future monitoring recommendations.Figure 2.Calibrated hazard ratios (95% CI) vs MTX, ITT analysisDisclosure of Interests:Loreto Carmona Grant/research support from: Novartis Farmaceutica, SA, Pfizer, S.L.U., Merck Sharp & Dohme España, S.A., Roche Farma, S.A, Sanofi Aventis, AbbVie Spain, S.L.U., and Laboratorios Gebro Pharma, SA (All trhough institution), James Weaver Shareholder of: J&J Shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, have instructed at conferences, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, have spoken at conferences, Edward Burn: None declared, Ben Illingens: None declared, David Vizcaya Employee of: Bayer, Ruta Sawant Shareholder of: AbbVie, Employee of: AbbVie, Talita Duarte-Salles: None declared, Patrick Ryan: None declared, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Professor Prieto-Alhambra has received research Grants from AMGEN, UCB Biopharma and Les Laboratoires Servier, Consultant of: DPA’s department has received fees for consultancy services from UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: DPA’s department has received fees for speaker and advisory board membership services from Amgen

Background:Conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) are recommended as first line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but limited information exists on the comparative risk of cancer associated with their use.Objectives:To compare the risk of incident overall (excluding non-melanoma skin) and site-specific cancers (colorectal, lung, lymphoma, leukaemia) associated with first-line use of csDMARDs in patients with RA.Methods:We conducted a multinational cohort study informed by data from 7 healthcare databases including claims and electronic medical records from 4 countries (SIDIAP-Spain, MDCR-US Optum-US, CCAE-US, IQVIA AMBEMR-US, IQVIA-Germany, THIN-UK) part of the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI) network. All patients aged ≥18 years who initiated methotrexate (MTX), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), sulphasalazine (SSZ), or leflunomide (LEF) as first-line monotherapy after a diagnosis of RA between 2005 to 2018 were eligible. Individuals with a prior diagnosis of another inflammatory arthropathy or cancer, or <1 year of follow-up were excluded. Patients were followed from 1-year after treatment initiation to the earliest of incident cancer, loss to follow-up, or 5-years. Cox proportional-hazard models for MTX against each other csDMARD were performed after propensity score stratification. A large set of negative control outcomes were analysed to calibrate hazard ratios (cHRs). Estimates were pooled where homogeneity across sources was adequate (I2<0.4).Results:Across the databases, 127,547 RA patients initiating csDMARD therapy were included in the analyses (MTX: 73,996, HCL: 36,381 SSZ: 9,383 LEF: 7,787). The pooled incidence rate of overall cancer for MTX was 22.8 per 1,000 person years. The pooled summary and source-specific estimated cHRs for overall cancer are shown below in Figure 1. While little difference was seen for HCQ and SSZ compared to MTX, LEF was consistently associated with a reduced cancer risk: pooled cHR (95% CI) 0.67 (0.59 to 0.76) and cHRs ranged from 0.53 (0.36 to 0.80) in CCAE-US to 0.84 (0.58 to 1.22) in SIDIAP-Spain. There were insufficient cases to look site-specific cancers within data sources, although pooled results suggest little risk difference in leukemia, lymphoma, colorectal, or lung cancers.Figure 1.Calibrated hazard ratios (cHRs) of overall cancer risk with their respective confidence intervals (95%CI) by study database. Database estimates not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained. Meta-analysis results not reported where I2>0.4.Conclusion:Compared to MTX users, patients treated with LEF had a lower risk of overall cancer. Risk of four specific cancers did not differ by first line csDMARD exposure.Disclosure of Interests: :Talita Duarte-Salles: None declared, Martina Recalde: None declared, James Weaver Shareholder of: J&J Shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, have instructed at conferences, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, have spoken at conferences, Edward Burn: None declared, Karine Marinier Employee of: Servier, Yesika Díaz: None declared, Ben Illingens: None declared, David Vizcaya Employee of: Bayer, Katerina Chatzidionysiou Consultant of: AbbVie, Pfizer, Lilly., Patrick Ryan: None declared, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Professor Prieto-Alhambra has received research Grants from AMGEN, UCB Biopharma and Les Laboratoires Servier, Consultant of: DPA’s department has received fees for consultancy services from UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: DPA’s department has received fees for speaker and advisory board membership services from Amgen

Philippine Medical Association President Dr. Jojo Santiago, Missy and my Central Tagalog Region One Day Family; Singapore Association of Medical Journal Editors President Professor Wilfred Peh and my Singapore family- Mom, Bernie, Miranda, Angie and Lilli; Philippine Association of Medical Journal Editors (PAMJE) President Elect Professor Cecile Maramba – Lazarte and Asawa Ramel, Anak Miggy, Pamangkin Zoe, Tatay Dr. Tomas Maramba and Nanay Professor Emeritus Dr. Nelia Cortez Maramba; my dear PAMJE Colleagues Professors Caster Palaganas and Joseph Quebral and Doctors Phel Esmaquel and Mads Tandoc, PAMJE members and our hardworking Secretariat, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development -Department of Science and Technology (PCHRD-DOST) Director Mel Opeña and Belle Intia, World Health Organization - Western Pacific Region Office (WHO-WPRO) Ms. Alma Prosperoso, guests, friends, ladies and gentlemen: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair.” — Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities1 Who would have thought that our vision of 2020 had been so blurred, so obscured by rose-colored lenses and peripheral blinders of what we once considered normal, that we were oblivious to the insidious turn of events that continues even today to change our lives and our world? This evening is an example (however small) of that change - originally set for March 16 at Ibarra’s Garden, we are celebrating virtually and remotely from separate venues five months hence. What will today be seen as from the perspective of another five months? Indeed, the past months have seen the worst of times. We remember our fears and frustrations as we battled an unseen enemy that mercilessly claimed our plans and programs as it killed our friends and colleagues. It was an age of foolishness as we witnessed the unrelenting spread of COVIDIOTS in disbelief and bewilderment. An epoch of incredulity as our scientific expertise and social interventions proved inutile while our so-called leaders failed to lead, engaging in petty pathetic distractions as they selfishly pillaged and plundered our nation and people instead. A depressing season of darkness heralding a cold, cruel winter of despair. But we did not surrender. As medical professionals and researchers, reviewers and editors, we took up stethoscope and scalpel, pen and paper and patiently plodded on. Informing ourselves with the latest and best evidence (or engaging in research to add to that evidence), we sifted through the “infodemic” to cope with the pandemic as we navigated seemingly-endless zoom meetings and webinars, researched, reviewed or edited and published our findings, and attended to patients. The boundaries between night and day, weekday and weekend, office and home disappeared as we worked from home, or tried to make a home of our workplaces (fearful of contaminating our families with the dread disease). Thus, these are the best of times, because we continue to hold the fort, the last line of defense. Against all odds (including personal burnout and the very real possibility of becoming COVID positive ourselves), we persist in upholding our sacred pledge to consecrate our lives to the service of humanity, in whatever manner possible. It is an age of wisdom. Those of us who continue to pursue research, to review and edit, to write and publish, and who facilitate the means for others to do so in these trying times add to that wisdom. Indeed, as the novelist-playwright Edward Bulwer-Lytton has Cardinal Richelieu (on discovering a plot to kill him) proclaim: “The pen is mightier than the sword!”2 None are more cognizant of this than we who have taken up the daunting but thankless role of editor. If in the words of the great Doctor José Protacio Rizal (through the jeweler Simoun’s discourse with Basilio)3 “It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal ... like a stone wasted on a field without becoming a part of any edifice,” then our lives consecrated to publishing vital health information and dispelling disinformation for the benefit of our patients and the public, and informing clinical practice and health policy are far from useless. Let us continue to serve as Sentinels of Science and bring about the epoch of belief. It is time to move forward, and we do that by looking back. As Doctor Rizal also said, drawing on the popular Tagalog proverb4 “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan hindi makakarating sa paroroonan” (they who do not know how to look back at whence they came from will not reach their destination). The past decade would not have been possible without the many people who made PAMJE happen. In particular, I thank the PCHRD-DOST for the unwavering support of our plans, programs and projects. Director Merl Opeña and “Merl’s girls” headed by Ms. Belle Intia, our Secretary Tine Alayon, and Executive Director Dr. Jimmy Montoya. The WHO WPRO Ms. Alma Mila Prosperoso (and the Medical and Health Librarian’s Association of the Philippines, MAHLAP), Chandani Thapa, Marie Villemin-Partow, and Charlie Raby. We have come a long way from the first set of office bearers- - Vice Presidents Drs. Ric Guanzon (The Filipino Family Physician) and Nenet Santiago - San Juan (Philipp J Obstetrics and Gynecology), Secretary Dr. Madeline Sosa (Philipp J Neurology) and Treasurer Dr. Gerard Goco (Philipp J Nuclear Medicine), Dr. Pat Khu (Philipp J Opthalmol), the other Joey Avila (Acta Medica Philippina) and Linda Varona (PJIM), and so many others. Forgive a senior citizen’s memory if I inadvertently failed to mention you. To my steadfast colleagues, Cecile Maramba-Lazarte, Caster Palaganas, Joseph Quebral and Phel Esmaquel, none of this would have been possible without you. Maraming Salamat po. It is but fitting that together with Mads Tandoc, you take up the torch and usher in a season of light and awaken a spring of hope. Ikaw ba’y makikibaka at hindi maduduwag,Na gisingin ang mga panatikong bingi’t bulagKasinungalingan labanan hanggang mabuwag Di niyo ba naririnig? Tinig ng bayan na galitHimig ito ng Pilipinong di muli palulupigDudurugin ang dilim, ang araw ay mag-aalabAt mga pusong nagtimpi ay magliliyab! — Di Niyo Ba Naririnig5 Mabuhay kayo; Mabuhay tayo. Mabuhay ang PAMJE!

Background:RA is associated with an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. csDMARDs are first-line treatments for RA and can mitigate this risk, but limited data exist on their CV effects. Previous trials have reported protective effects for methotrexate (MTX) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), but no similar data exist on sulfasalazine (SSZ) or leflunomide (LEF).Objectives:To assess the comparative effect of csDMARDs on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in RA patientsMethods:Data from 6 claims/electronic health records databases across Germany, US, and UK, all mapped to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model. A cohort study was conducted including patients ≥18 years old, with first RA diagnosis in 2005-2019, initiating csDMARD monotherapy with MTX, HCQ, SSZ, or LEF. Those with a prior diagnosis of other inflammatory arthritis or <1 year prior follow-up were excluded. Patients were followed until first outcome, death, loss of or 5 years follow-up. Propensity score stratification was used, and hazard ratios (HR) estimated for HCQ, SSZ and LEF compared to MTX in each dataset using Cox regression. HR were calibrated (cHR) for residual confounding using negative control outcomes. Estimates were pooled where I2for heterogeneity <0.4. Intention to treat and an on treatment analyses are reported.Results:145,248 patients were included (MTX: 73,996, HCQ: 49,752, SSZ: 12,256, LEF: 9,244). Pooled rates of MI and stroke for MTX were 7.64 and 10.26 per 1,000 person years respectively. Detailed estimate cHRs are shown in Figure 1 for the intention to treat analysis. MI risk with SSZ and LEF was comparable to MTX. Risk of stroke was similar between LEF and MTX, but reduced for HCQ and SSZ compared to MTX, with pooled cHR (95% CI) 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) and 0.71 (0.52 to 0.98) for HCQ and SSZ respectively. Similar results were found for “on treatment” analyses.Figure 1.Calibrated hazard ratios (cHRs) for MI and strokeConclusion:Overall, all four csDMARDs had similar effects on MI risk. HCQ and SSZ use were associated with a decreased risk of stroke compared to MTX. The observed differences may be attributable to differential effects on the atherosclerotic process, differential disease control, or both.Database estimates not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained. Meta-analysis results not reported where I2>0.4. MEDICARE did not pass diagnostics for SSZ and LEF analyses. cHR: calibrated Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; MTX: Methotrexate; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; SSZ: sulphasalazine; LEF: Leflunomide; THIN: The Health Improvement Network (UK); Optum: Optum de-identified Clinformatics Datamart (US); MDCR: Medicare (US); GERMANY: IQVIA Disease Analyzer EMR (Germany); CCAE: IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (US); AMBEMR: IQVIA Ambulatory EMR (US)Database estimates not reported where adequate covariate balance not attained. Meta-analysis results not reported where I2>0.4. MEDICARE did not pass diagnostics for SSZ and LEF analyses. cHR: calibrated Hazard Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; MTX: Methotrexate; HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine; SSZ: sulphasalazine; LEF: Leflunomide; THIN: The Health Improvement Network (UK); Optum: Optum de-identified Clinformatics Datamart (US); MDCR: Medicare (US); GERMANY: IQVIA Disease Analyzer EMR (Germany); CCAE: IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (US); AMBEMR: IQVIA Ambulatory EMR (US)Disclosure of Interests: :Albert Prats-Uribe: None declared, Ben Illingens: None declared, David Vizcaya Employee of: Bayer, James Weaver Shareholder of: J&J Shares, Grant/research support from: Full-time employment salary from Janssen, Consultant of: Janssen employee, Employee of: Janssen, Paid instructor for: Janssen employee, have instructed at conferences, Speakers bureau: Janssen employee, have spoken at conferences, Edward Burn: None declared, Ruta Sawant Shareholder of: AbbVie, Employee of: AbbVie, Karine Marinier Employee of: Servier, Patrick Ryan: None declared, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra Grant/research support from: Professor Prieto-Alhambra has received research Grants from AMGEN, UCB Biopharma and Les Laboratoires Servier, Consultant of: DPA’s department has received fees for consultancy services from UCB Biopharma, Speakers bureau: DPA’s department has received fees for speaker and advisory board membership services from Amgen

-Stephen J. Appold, Heidi Dahles ,Tourism and small entrepreneurs; Development, national policy, and entrepreneurial culture: Indonesian cases. Elmsford, New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation, 1999, vi + 165 pp., Karin Bras (eds) -Jean-Pascal Bassino, Peter Boothroyd ,Socioeconomic renovation in Vietnam; The origin, evolution and impact of Doi Moi. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2001, xv + 175 pp., Pham Xuan Nam (eds) -Peter Boomgaard, Patrick Vinton Kirch, The wet and the dry; Irrigation and agricultural intensification in Polynesia. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1994, xxii + 385 pp. -A.Th. Boone, Chr.G.F. de Jong, De Gereformeerde Zending in Midden-Java 1931-1975; Een bronnenpublicatie. Zoetermeer: Boekencentrum, 1997, xxiv + 890 pp. [Uitgaven van de Werkgroep voor de Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Zending en Overzeese Kerken, Grote Reeks 6.] -Okke Braadbaart, Colin Barlow, Institutions and economic change in Southeast Asia; The context of development from the 1960s to the 1990s. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, xi + 204 pp. -Freek Colombijn, Abidin Kusno, Behind the postcolonial; Architecture, urban space, and political cultures in Indonesia. London: Routledge, 2000, xiv + 250 pp. -Raymond Corbey, Michael O'Hanlon ,Hunting the gatherers; Ethnographic collectors, agents and agency in Melanesia, 1870s -1930s. Oxford: Bergahn Books, 2000, xviii + 286 pp. [Methodology and History in Anthropology 6.], Robert L. Welsch (eds) -Olga Deshpande, Hans Penth, A brief histroy of Lan Na; Civilizations of North Thailand. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books, 2000, v + 74 pp. -Aone van Engelenhoven, I Ketut Artawa, Ergativity and Balinese syntax. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggaran Seri NUSA, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, 1998, v + 169 pp (in 3 volumes). [NUSA Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia 42, 43, 44.] -Rens Heringa, Jill Forshee, Between the folds; Stories of cloth, lives, and travels from Sumba. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2001, xiv + 266 pp. -Roy E. Jordaan, Marijke J. Klokke ,Fruits of inspiration; Studies in honour of Prof. J.G. de Casparis, retired Professor of the Early History and Archeology of South and Southeast Asia at the University of Leiden, the Netherlands on the occasion of his 85th birthday. Groningen: Egbert Forsten, 2001, xxiii + 566 pp. [Gonda Indological Studies 11.], Karel R. van Kooij (eds) -Gerrit Knaap, Germen Boelens ,Natuur en samenleving van de Molukken, (met medewerking van Nanneke Wigard). Utrecht: Landelijk Steunpunt Educatie Molukkers, 2001, 375 pp., Chris van Fraassen, Hans Straver (eds) -Henk Maier, Virginia Matheson Hooker, Writing a new society; Social change through the novel in Malay. Leiden: KITLV Press (in association with the Asian Studies Association of Australia), 2000, xix + 492 pp. -Niels Mulder, Penny van Esterik, Materializing Thailand. Oxford: Berg, 2000, xi + 274 pp. -Jean Robert Opgenort, Ger P. Reesink, Studies in Irian Languages; Part II. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. [NUSA Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia 47.] 2000, iv + 151 pp. -Gerard Termorshuizen, Kester Freriks, Geheim Indië; Het leven van Maria Dermoût, 1888-1962. Amsterdam: Querido, 2000 (herdurk 2001), 357 pp. -Donald Tuzin, Eric Kline Silverman, Masculinity, motherhood, and mockery; Psychoanalyzing culture and the naven rite in New Guinea. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001, vi + 243 pp. -Alexander Verpoorte, Jet Bakels, Het verbond met de tijger; Visies op mensenetende dieren in Kerinci, Sumatra. Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), 2000, XV + 378 pp. [CNWS Publications 93.] -Sikko Visscher, Twang Peck Yang, The Chinese business elite in Indonesia and the transition to independence, 1940-1950. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1998, xix + 372 pp. -René Vos, Gerard Termorshuizen, Journalisten en heethoofden; Een geschiedenis van de Indisch-Nederlandse dagbladpers, 1744-1905. Amsterdam: Nijgh en Van Ditmar, Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 2001, 862 pp. -Edwin Wieringa, Marijke J. Klokke, Narrative sculpture and literary traditions in South and Southeast Asia. Leiden: Brill, 2000, xiv + 127 pp. [Studies in Asian Art and Archaeology (continuation of: Studies in South Asian Culture) 23.] -Catharina Williams-van Klinken, Mark Donohue, A grammar of Tukang Besi. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999, xxvi + 576 pp. [Mouton Grammar Library 20.] -Kees Zandvliet, Thomas Suárez, Early mapping of Southeast Asia. Singapore: Periplus Editions, 1999, 280 pp. -Claudia Zingerli, Bernhard Dahm ,Vietnamese villages in transition; Background and consequences of reform policies in rural Vietnam. Passau: Department of Southeast Asian Studies, University of Passau, 1999, xiv + 224 pp. [Passau Contributions to Southeast Asian Studies 7.], Vincent J.H. Houben (eds)

ATOMIC DOCTORS: Conscience and Complicity at the Dawn of the Nuclear Age by James L. Nolan Jr. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020. 294 pages, plus index. Hardcover; $29.95. ISBN: 9780674248632. *This book ends with a tragic photograph. The reader will see a young boy carrying a sleeping infant on his back. However, the infant is not asleep but instead is dead as his brother waits his turn to have his brother's body thrown into a giant pyre at Nagasaki in the days following the atomic bomb blast. This picture is symbolic of the tragedy of war and provides a provocative statement regarding the involvement of US physicians in the development of the atomic weapons program toward the end of World War II. The author, James L. Nolan Jr., PhD (Professor of Sociology, Williams College), provides an excellent historical vignette of this period through a written biography of his grandfather, James F. Nolan, MD. *Dr. Nolan, as well as Louis Hempelmann, MD and Stafford Warren, MD, were intricately involved with the Trinity testing in New Mexico as well as with the development of the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project. Dr. Nolan met and collaborated with such famous people associated with the Manhattan Project, including J. Robert Oppenheimer, Edward Teller, and General Leslie Groves. The entire group of physicians oversaw determining radiation risks during atomic bomb development and testing. This placed them in a difficult situation which "linked the arts of healing and war in ways that had little precedent" (p. 166) especially regarding the Hippocratic Oath.1 *Dr. Nolan was involved with setting up the hospital at Los Alamos as well as providing medical care for the Los Alamos staff and families. However, the job of these clinicians also had other aspects. Radiation exposure to workers was observed and recorded at Los Alamos leading to some of the initial descriptions of radiation poisoning. Additionally, the physicians were involved in determining radiation hazards associated with Los Alamos and in the setting of Trinity with most of their findings either being ignored or hidden from the public, sometimes with the complicity of these individuals. It is fascinating to consider that Dr. Nolan was one of the military personnel chosen to accompany Little Boy (the bomb that exploded over Hiroshima) to the Pacific Front at Tinian Island on the famous and later tragic USS Indianapolis. I cannot imagine, in our present time, that a physician would be charged with transporting and reporting the safety of a technologically advanced weapons system. *The book contains many fascinating stories, including how military physicians as well as other personnel were told to assert there was no significant radiation after the bombing in Japan (despite obvious radiation injury being noted in thousands of individuals), how the military allowed reporters at the Trinity test site after the bomb test with no protection except for "protective" booties, how US military physicians were told to not treat Japanese civilians after the bombing in order to circumvent moral responsibility of the bombing (this was ignored), how the inhabitants of the Bikini Atoll and Enewetak Atoll were forced to abandon their ancestral homes so that further atomic bomb testing could occur (with subsequent deleterious effects in their sociologic and health outcomes), and how patients in the United States (many who were already terminally ill) were secretly injected with plutonium to determine the effects of radiation injury. *Besides being a biography and history of a physician and his colleagues, this book also goes in some philosophical directions, including considering what is the goal of technology. Oppenheimer himself stated that "It's amazing ... how the technology tools trap one" (p. 33). The "trap" leads to a myriad of issues. Dr. Nolan believed radiation should be considered under the paradigm of an "instrumentalist view of technology" in which new technology could be used for the advancement or decline of our species. In his case, he began experimenting with radiation to treat gynecologic cancer in his patients. The book then explores "technological determinism," both optimistic and pessimistic, which is still an issue permeating our culture today. The author states that humans appear to always choose technologic advances even before fully knowing downstream economic, political, or cultural effects. Such examples cited by the author include the internet, social media, and genetic engineering. *A Christian will find this book unsettling when one considers what one prioritizes in his (her) faith. For example, one of the physicists who worked at Los Alamos was a Quaker. The Trinity test was named after the Christian Trinity (based on a John Donne sonnet). These facts are sobering when the author provides reports of "downwinders" who suffered catastrophic disease after the Trinity test as well as going into detail about the thousands of Japanese who suffered radiation poisoning after the nuclear bombing. In addition, the bombing of Nagasaki was close to the Christian part of the city resulting in the killing of most of the Christians living there. Indeed, the pursuit of science is a fascinating human endeavor, but the point of science is to objectively determine facts. Science does not necessarily provide subjectivity by itself which allows it to be influenced by meaning, moral values, and responsibility.2 In the moral arena, people with religious beliefs, including Christians, are required to influence the idea of technologic determinism in a positive direction. I highly recommend this book not only to learn about an interesting part of world history but also to appreciate the tragedy of the human condition in the setting of war. *Notes *1Michael North, translator, "Greek Medicine," History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, last updated February 7, 2012, https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html. *2Mehdi Golshani, "Science Needs a Comprehensive Worldview," Theology and Science 18, no. 3 (2020): 438-47. *Reviewed by John F. Pohl, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84113.

A different name than English literature, ‘Anglo-Indian Literature’, was given to the body of literature in English that emerged on account of the British interaction with India unlike the case with their interaction with America or Australia or New Zealand. Even the Indians’ contributions (translations as well as creative pieces in English) were classed under the caption ‘Anglo-Indian’ initially but later a different name, ‘Indo-Anglian’, was conceived for the growing variety and volume of writings in English by the Indians. However, unlike the former the latter has not found a favour with the compilers of English dictionaries. With the passage of time the fine line of demarcation drawn on the basis of subject matter and author’s point of view has disappeared and currently even Anglo-Indians’ writings are classed as ‘Indo-Anglian’. Besides contemplating on various connotations of the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ the article discusses the related issues such as: the etymology of the term, fixing the name of its coiner and the date of its first use. In contrast to the opinions of the historians and critics like K R S Iyengar, G P Sarma, M K Naik, Daniela Rogobete, Sachidananda Mohanty, Dilip Chatterjee and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak it has been brought to light that the term ‘Indo-Anglian’ was first used in 1880 by James Payn to refer to the Indians’ writings in English rather pejoratively. However, Iyengar used it in a positive sense though he himself gave it up soon. The reasons for the wide acceptance of the term, sometimes also for the authors of the sub-continent, by the members of academia all over the world, despite its rejection by Sahitya Akademi (the national body of letters in India), have also been contemplated on. References Alphonso-Karkala, John B. (1970). Indo-English Literature in the Nineteenth Century, Mysore: Literary Half-yearly, University of Mysore, University of Mysore Press. Amanuddin, Syed. (2016 [1990]). “Don’t Call Me Indo-Anglian”. C. D. Narasimhaiah (Ed.), An Anthology of Commonwealth Poetry. Bengaluru: Trinity Press. B A (Compiler). (1883). Indo-Anglian Literature. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=rByZ2RcSBTMC&pg=PA1&source= gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false ---. (1887). “Indo-Anglian Literature”. 2nd Issue. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co. PDF. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/60238178 Basham, A L. (1981[1954]). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims. Indian Rpt, Calcutta: Rupa. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/TheWonderThatWasIndiaByALBasham Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Peacock Lute. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd. Bhushan, V N. (1945). The Moving Finger. Bomaby: Padma Publications Ltd. Boria, Cavellay. (1807). “Account of the Jains, Collected from a Priest of this Sect; at Mudgeri: Translated by Cavelly Boria, Brahmen; for Major C. Mackenzie”. Asiatick Researches: Or Transactions of the Society; Instituted In Bengal, For Enquiring Into The History And Antiquities, the Arts, Sciences, and Literature, of Asia, 9, 244-286. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.104510 Chamber’s Twentieth Century Dictionary [The]. (1971). Bombay et al: Allied Publishers. Print. Chatterjee, Dilip Kumar. (1989). Cousins and Sri Aurobindo: A Study in Literary Influence, Journal of South Asian Literature, 24(1), 114-123. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/ stable/40873985. Chattopadhyay, Dilip Kumar. (1988). A Study of the Works of James Henry Cousins (1873-1956) in the Light of the Theosophical Movement in India and the West. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Burdwan: The University of Burdwan. PDF. Retrieved from: http://ir.inflibnet. ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/68500/9/09_chapter%205.pdf. Cobuild English Language Dictionary. (1989 [1987]). rpt. London and Glasgow. Collins Cobuild Advanced Illustrated Dictionary. (2010). rpt. Glasgow: Harper Collins. Print. Concise Oxford English Dictionary [The]. (1961 [1951]). H. W. Fowler and F. G. Fowler. (Eds.) Oxford: Clarendon Press. 4th ed. Cousins, James H. (1921). Modern English Poetry: Its Characteristics and Tendencies. Madras: Ganesh & Co. n. d., Preface is dated April, 1921. PDF. Retrieved from: http://hdl.handle.net/ 2027/uc1.$b683874 ---. (1919) New Ways in English Literature. Madras: Ganesh & Co. 2nd edition. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.31747 ---. (1918). The Renaissance in India. Madras: Madras: Ganesh & Co., n. d., Preface is dated June 1918. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.203914 Das, Sisir Kumar. (1991). History of Indian Literature. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. Encarta World English Dictionary. (1999). London: Bloomsbury. Gandhi, M K. (1938 [1909]). Hind Swaraj Tr. M K Gandhi. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: www.mkgandhi.org/ebks/hind_swaraj.pdf. Gokak, V K. (n.d.). English in India: Its Present and Future. Bombay et al: Asia Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460832 Goodwin, Gwendoline (Ed.). (1927). Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry, London: John Murray. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.176578 Guptara, Prabhu S. (1986). Review of Indian Literature in English, 1827-1979: A Guide to Information Sources. The Yearbook of English Studies, 16 (1986): 311–13. PDF. Retrieved from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3507834 Iyengar, K R Srinivasa. (1945). Indian Contribution to English Literature [The]. Bombay: Karnatak Publishing House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/ indiancontributi030041mbp ---. (2013 [1962]). Indian Writing in English. New Delhi: Sterling. ---. (1943). Indo-Anglian Literature. Bombay: PEN & International Book House. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/IndoAnglianLiterature Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. (2003). Essex: Pearson. Lyall, Alfred Comyn. (1915). The Anglo-Indian Novelist. Studies in Literature and History. London: John Murray. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet. dli.2015.94619 Macaulay T. B. (1835). Minute on Indian Education dated the 2nd February 1835. HTML. Retrieved from: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/ txt_minute_education_1835.html Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna. (2003). An Illustrated History of Indian Literature in English. Delhi: Permanent Black. ---. (2003[1992]). The Oxford India Anthology of Twelve Modern Indian Poets. New Delhi: Oxford U P. Minocherhomji, Roshan Nadirsha. (1945). Indian Writers of Fiction in English. Bombay: U of Bombay. Modak, Cyril (Editor). (1938). The Indian Gateway to Poetry (Poetry in English), Calcutta: Longmans, Green. PDF. Retrieved from http://en.booksee.org/book/2266726 Mohanty, Sachidananda. (2013). “An ‘Indo-Anglian’ Legacy”. The Hindu. July 20, 2013. Web. Retrieved from: http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/an-indoanglian-legacy/article 4927193.ece Mukherjee, Sujit. (1968). Indo-English Literature: An Essay in Definition, Critical Essays on Indian Writing in English. Eds. M. K. Naik, G. S. Amur and S. K. Desai. Dharwad: Karnatak University. Naik, M K. (1989 [1982]). A History of Indian English Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, rpt.New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles [The], (1993). Ed. Lesley Brown, Vol. 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Naik, M K. (1989 [1982]). A History of Indian English Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, rpt. Oaten, Edward Farley. (1953 [1916]). Anglo-Indian Literature. In: Cambridge History of English Literature, Vol. 14, (pp. 331-342). A C Award and A R Waller, (Eds). Rpt. ---. (1908). A Sketch of Anglo-Indian Literature, London: Kegan Paul. PDF. Retrieved from: https://ia600303.us.archive.org/0/items/sketchofangloind00oateuoft/sketchofangloind00oateuoft.pdf) Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. (1979 [1974]). A. S. Hornby (Ed). : Oxford UP, 3rd ed. Oxford English Dictionary [The]. Vol. 7. (1991[1989]). J. A. Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, (Eds.). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd ed. Pai, Sajith. (2018). Indo-Anglians: The newest and fastest-growing caste in India. Web. Retrieved from: https://scroll.in/magazine/867130/indo-anglians-the-newest-and-fastest-growing-caste-in-india Pandia, Mahendra Navansuklal. (1950). The Indo-Anglian Novels as a Social Document. Bombay: U Press. Payn, James. (1880). An Indo-Anglian Poet, The Gentleman’s Magazine, 246(1791):370-375. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/stream/gentlemansmagaz11unkngoog#page/ n382/mode/2up. ---. (1880). An Indo-Anglian Poet, Littell’s Living Age (1844-1896), 145(1868): 49-52. PDF. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/stream/livingage18projgoog/livingage18projgoog_ djvu.txt. Rai, Saritha. (2012). India’s New ‘English Only’ Generation. Retrieved from: https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/06/01/indias-new-english-only-generation/ Raizada, Harish. (1978). The Lotus and the Rose: Indian Fiction in English (1850-1947). Aligarh: The Arts Faculty. Rajan, P K. (2006). Indian English literature: Changing traditions. Littcrit. 32(1-2), 11-23. Rao, Raja. (2005 [1938]). Kanthapura. New Delhi: Oxford UP. Rogobete, Daniela. (2015). Global versus Glocal Dimensions of the Post-1981 Indian English Novel. Portal Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies, 12(1). Retrieved from: http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/portal/article/view/4378/4589. Rushdie, Salman & Elizabeth West. (Eds.) (1997). The Vintage Book of Indian Writing 1947 – 1997. London: Vintage. Sampson, George. (1959 [1941]). Concise Cambridge History of English Literature [The]. Cambridge: UP. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.18336. Sarma, Gobinda Prasad. (1990). Nationalism in Indo-Anglian Fiction. New Delhi: Sterling. Singh, Kh. Kunjo. (2002). The Fiction of Bhabani Bhattacharya. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. (2012). How to Read a ‘Culturally Different’ Book. An Aesthetic Education in the Era of Globalization, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. Sturgeon, Mary C. (1916). Studies of Contemporary Poets, London: George G Hard & Co., Retrieved from: https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.95728. Thomson, W S (Ed). (1876). Anglo-Indian Prize Poems, Native and English Writers, In: Commemoration of the Visit of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to India. London: Hamilton, Adams & Co., Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/ books?id=QrwOAAAAQAAJ Wadia, A R. (1954). The Future of English. Bombay: Asia Publishing House. Wadia, B J. (1945). Foreword to K R Srinivasa Iyengar’s The Indian Contribution to English Literature. Bombay: Karnatak Publishing House. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/ details/indiancontributi030041mbp Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. (1989). New York: Portland House. Yule, H. and A C Burnell. (1903). Hobson-Jobson: A Glossary of Colloquial Anglo-Indian Words and Phrases, and of Kindred Terms, Etymological, Historical, Geographical and Discursive. W. Crooke, Ed. London: J. Murray. Retrieved from: https://archive.org/ details/hobsonjobsonagl00croogoog Sources www.amazon.com/Indo-Anglian-Literature-Edward-Charles-Buck/dp/1358184496 www.archive.org/stream/livingage18projgoog/livingage18projgoog_djvu.txt www.catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001903204?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5D=indo%20anglian&ft= www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.L._Indo_Anglian_Public_School,_Aurangabad www.everyculture.com/South-Asia/Anglo-Indian.html www.solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?fn=search&ct=search&initialSearch=true&mode=Basic&tab=local&indx=1&dum=true&srt=rank&vid=OXVU1&frbg=&tb=t&vl%28freeText0%29=Indo-Anglian+Literature+&scp.scps=scope%3A%28OX%29&vl% 28516065169UI1%29=all_items&vl%281UIStartWith0%29=contains&vl%28254947567UI0%29=any&vl%28254947567UI0%29=title&vl%28254947567UI0%29=any www.worldcat.org/title/indo-anglian-literature/oclc/30452040

A HISTORY OF BIOLOGY by Michel Morange. Translated by Teresa Lavender Fagan and Joseph Muise. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021. 418 pages. Hardcover; $29.95. ISBN: 9780691175409. *A book that introduces the history of biology will be of interest to many readers of this journal. The Preface states that the author, Michel Morange, will present a broad historical overview of the history of biology that, unlike some other histories of biology, will include developments in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In this regard, he mentions Lois N. Magner, A History of the Life Sciences, 3rd ed. (New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002). Magner's book does cover many scientists and developments in the twentieth century, although, significantly, she does not discuss the modern evolutionary synthesis. *Morange states that he will present a "history which leans on the present to look at the past." That is, he will use "the past to shed light on the present, not to justify it" (p. xvii). To do this, the author uses a novel approach. Each chapter is subdivided into three sections: The Facts; Historical Overview; and Contemporary Relevance. "The Facts" is the first main section of each chapter; in the subsequent two, he reflects on some of the investigators and their discoveries. As he does so, he is not reticent to give his own evaluations and ideas; this is a strength of the book. Thus, he states that the book will not be a simple listing of facts and persons. For example, in the first chapter Morange suggests that the "hunt for pioneers" (for example, ancient thinkers who used the word "atom") is futile because the ancient idea had little to do with the development of the modern concept. Excursions such as these can be topics for fruitful classroom discussions. *Five succinct chapters take the reader from ancient Greece and Rome, through the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the seventeenth century, and the Enlightenment. Chapter 1, in which Aristotle is designated as "the father of biology" (p. 2), offers some welcome thoughts on experimentation and the atomists. The discussion of the Middle Ages includes the suggestion that in the history of a science there may be long periods in which there is little growth in scientific knowledge. The chapter on the Age of Enlightenment, the eighteenth century, examines the history of the classification of organisms and the reproduction of animals. An introduction to the subjects related to reproduction, such as the importance of eggs versus sperm, preformation versus epigenesis, parthenogenesis, and spontaneous generation, would have made this topic more accessible. *Two chapters cover the history of biology in the nineteenth century. The author agrees with the idea that Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden deserve much credit for the emergence of cell theory, but he mentions that some others, notably J. E. Purkinje, also deserve credit for this discovery. Under the heading The Rise of Germ Theory, the author describes many investigations that led to the understanding of infectious agents. Pride of place--and the (French) author may surely be forgiven for this--goes to Louis Pasteur and the diverse aspects of his work. This chapter offers a comprehensive description of the three important French post-revolutionary biologists: Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Georges Cuvier, and Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire. A good account of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection is followed by a description of the reception of this work in Great Britain, America, Germany, and France; in many cases, the theory was altered by the influence of other concepts (e.g., Lamarckism). Once the work by Gregor Mendel on the inheritance of characteristics in peas was rediscovered in 1900, "genetics" was rapidly established in Britain and the United States; it was established more slowly in Germany and France. *The prominence of Naturphilosophie in Germany and surrounding countries is described. Morange makes an excellent connection between his discussion of reproduction and the topic of Naturphilosophie by referring to the work of Caspar Friedrich Wolff, a biologist who was an early adherent of this way of thinking. Morange describes the origins of Naturphilosophie, and the influence of ideas in biology. Many German scientists were influenced by this philosophical school; it was a stimulus in the formulation of cell theory. Erik Nordenskiöld shows that Johannes Peter Müller progressed from speculative ideas about biology to making important contributions in many areas of biology. He supervised many graduate students who became important biologists. *The last three chapters, which address developments in the twentieth and the twenty-first centuries, are not only valuable for the historical descriptions, but also as a survey of biology as it is practiced today. The first chapter describes the emergence of biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, and our understanding of the nature and treatment of cancer. The "rediscovery of Mendel's laws and the rise of genetics" (p. 256) and the "rise of molecular biology" (p. 264) receive the extensive attention one would expect. Morange is clearly in his element here; biologists of all stripes will benefit from reading this chapter. *The chapter that follows describes the development of population genetics. This leads, aptly, into the topic of the modern evolutionary synthesis--the extended evolutionary synthesis is not mentioned. This is followed by an excellent summary of the various topics within ecology. Morange then describes the origins and methods of ethology; he includes the contributions of the three 1973 Nobel Prize winners: Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, and Nikolaas Tinbergen. The burgeoning field of behavioral ecology, related to the last two topics, is not addressed. In the reflective part of the chapter, the author comments, among other topics, on holism and emergentism, global warming, and the responsibility of biologists. *In the final chapter, Morange takes us on a tour of the developments that start with the science described in the previous two chapters and end in the present century. "Structural biology" (p. 331) is advancing our knowledge of nucleic acids and proteins. The relationship between the modern evolutionary synthesis and molecular biology leads to topics such as evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo"), epigenetics, and human genome sequencing. The contributions to human genome sequencing of Craig Venter are acknowledged, but the work of Francis Collins at the National Human Genome Research Institute is not. In the last pages of this chapter, and in the Conclusion section of the book, Morange gives numerous opinions on the topics he has covered. *Biologists will enjoy reading this book for the many insights and opinions it presents. They will appreciate reading about the history of their discipline from a French point of view. The English translation of this French book reads well; however, the footnotes and references need to be more suitable for the English-language readership. The footnotes, especially those intended to provide links to further reading, often refer to French-language books or journal articles; it would not be difficult to find many English -language equivalents. Some of the French books listed as references are available in English translations. In the Preface, the author states that readers "should consider this book a first version, which their critical input will help improve" (p. xx). One would hope that the author and Princeton University Press will address this last critical comment about the book, for the book has the potential of being a valuable textbook for students. *Reviewed by Harry Cook, Professor of Biology, Emeritus, The King's University, Edmonton, AB T6B 2H3.

This article aims to 1) explore how retired academics experienced work-to-retirement transition and 2) offer insights that can be applied in addressing its potential opportunities and challenges. Toward this end, we conducted face-to-face interviews with retirees (n=7) from a comprehensive private university in Manila, Philippines. The descriptive phenomenological method surfaced a general psychological meaning structure depicting the participants' collective work experiences to retirement transition. Moreover, it identified three distinct but interrelated elements of the retirement phenomenon: moving on, passing time, and coming on stage. This paper contributes and supports accumulated empirical knowledge on the work-to-retirement transition that can be helpful for individuals preparing for or transitioning into retirement.References April, Kurt A., Babar Dharani, and Kai Peters. “Impact of Locus of Control Expectancy on Level of Wellbeing.” Rev. Eur. 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FAITH AND EVOLUTION: A Grace Filled Naturalism by Roger Haight. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2019. 241 pages. Paperback; $30.00. ISBN: 9781626983410. *Roger Haight is a Jesuit priest, theologian, and former president of the Catholic Theological Society of America. He is the author of numerous books and has taught at Jesuit graduate schools of theology in several locations around the world. In 2004, the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) barred Haight from teaching at the Jesuit Weston School of Theology in response to concerns about his book Jesus Symbol of God (1999). In 2009, the CDF barred him from writing on theology and forbade him to teach anywhere, including at non-Catholic institutions. In 2015, Haight was somewhat reinstated and when Faith and Evolution was published, he was Scholar in Residence at Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He is regarded as a pioneering theologian who insists that theology must be done in dialogue with the postmodern world. His experiences with censorship have led to widespread debate over how to handle controversial ideas within the Roman Catholic church. *The main presupposition of this book is that Christian theology must be developed from the findings of contemporary science in general and from the process of evolution in particular. In chapter one, Haight briefly summarizes five principles about our world that can be drawn from science. These principles include the following: (1) our universe is unimaginably large; (2) everything exists as constantly dynamic motion and change; (3) everything in motion is governed by layers of law and systems conditioned by randomness; (4) life is marked by conflict, predatory violence, suffering, and death; and (5) science is constantly revealing new dimensions of the universe. *Haight seeks to explain how the disciplines of science and theology relate to each other in chapter two. He begins by summarizing the four positions proposed by Ian Barbour which include conflict, independence, intersection (dialogue), and integration. After presenting several differences between scientific knowledge and faith knowledge, he concludes by suggesting that the independence model is the one that best describes the practices of most scientists and theologians. Any integration between the two disciplines can occur only within the mind of a person who is able to see things from different points of view, and entertain them together. *The next two chapters deal with creation theology: chapter three focuses on what we can "know" about God, and chapter four describes how God acts in an evolutionary world. Several theological conceptions of God are summarized in chapter four. These include the following: God is pure act of being (Thomas Aquinas), God is ground of being (Paul Tillich), God is serendipitous creativity (Gordon Kaufman), God is incomprehensible mystery (Karl Rahner), and God is transcendent presence (Thomas O'Meara). This last definition of God is the one that Haight latches on to, and he mainly refers to God as "creative Presence" throughout the rest of the book. While acknowledging that God is personal, he emphasizes that God is not a "big person in the sky," but a mysterious and loving presence within all material reality. He insists that all anthropomorphic language about God needs to be discarded as it not only misrepresents scientific knowledge but also offends religious sensibility. God is the "within" of all that exists which emphasizes God's immanence, but God is also "totally other than" created reality, which allows for God's transcendence. Haight's understanding of God is basically a form of panentheism, a term that he introduces in chapter three and then revisits in later chapters of the book. *Chapter four, entitled "Creation as Grace," attempts to answer the question of how God acts in an evolutionary world. Haight states that "one can preserve all the assertions of tradition without the mystifying notions of a supernatural order or interventions into the natural order by following the path laid out by creation theology" (p. xi). His answer to the question of how God acts in history is to be found in the classic notion of creatio continua, God's ongoing dynamic presence within all finite reality. God does not act as a secondary cause but works as the primary agent present to and sustaining the created world. This concept of God as creative Presence is then compared to the scriptural understanding of God as "Spirit," which Haight concedes is the most applicable way of talking about how God works in history. A third way that God acts in the world is then developed from a brief history of the theology of grace. These three sets of theological languages that include God's ongoing creation, the working of the Holy Spirit, and the operation of God's grace in people's lives are, according to Haight, different ways of referring to the same entity. *Chapter five examines the doctrine of original sin in light of evolution. Haight argues that this doctrine in its classic form contains serious problems and therefore needs to be discarded. The Genesis account of Adam and Eve is nothing more than an etiological myth which has no historical basis. Consequently, "when original sin becomes unsteady, the whole doctrine of salvation in terms of redemption begins to wobble" (p. 121). Human beings have not "fallen" and, even though they retain the influences of past stages of evolution, they cannot be born sinful. While Haight admits that humans are sinners, the sins that we commit are nothing more than social sins derived from our participation in sinful institutions that are a part of our evolutionary heritage. It is these sinful social structures that are primarily responsible for corrupting our moral sensibility, rather than some innate propensity to sin. *The person of Jesus Christ and the doctrine of Christology are the subjects of chapters six and seven respectively. Haight introduces chapter six by contrasting the different ways of interpreting Jesus of Nazareth that are presented by Marcus Borg and N. T. Wright. He obviously sides with Borg's perspective as he suggests that one should think about Jesus as simply a "parable of God." Jesus was not an intervention of God in history, but a human representative of God who was "sustained from within by the Presence of the creator God in a way analogous to all creatures and especially human beings" (p. 202). While Haight admits that God was present within Jesus in a unique and more intense way, this same God can also be more powerfully present in others, making them in some measure true revelations of the divine Presence. Jesus provides salvation by "revealing God" and, although this particular revelation of God is meant for all humankind, it does not exclude the likelihood of similar kinds of revelation within other religious traditions. *The last chapter of the book, chapter eight, is a response to the question of what we can hope for in an evolutionary worldview. Haight discusses the following possibilities: faith in a creator-finisher God who injects purpose into the process of the universe, hope for a cosmic preservation of the value and integrity of being, hope for a restoration of meaning relative to innocent suffering, and hope for the preservation of the human person and personal resurrection. He describes resurrection as a passing out of materiality into the sphere of God that transcends the finite world, or in other words, eternal union with God. The resurrection of Jesus was not a historical event, but a spiritual conviction developed by his followers after his death. It was this "Easter experience" which became the basis for the written witness to the resurrection of Jesus that is recorded in the New Testament. In death, Jesus was "received into God's power of life; he did not cease to exist as a person, but lives within the sphere of God" (p. 179). Our hope for an analogous form of personal resurrection ultimately comes down to faith in a creator God who is the "lover and finisher of finite existence." *For whom then is this book written? As stated in the preface to the book, it is not written for scientists, as one will learn very little actual science from its pages. Haight writes that he is mainly addressing Christians who are affected by our present scientific culture and who do not know how to either process their Christian faith in this context or call it into question. However, most of those who fall into this category will likely have difficulty understanding the ideas that are presented in the book without some type of graduate-level training in theology. The book appears to be written primarily for like-minded theologians who are associated with the more liberal wing of the Roman Catholic church. (Many of the footnotes in the book cite publications written by fellow Catholic priests such as Teilhard de Chardin, John Haught, Hans Jung, Karl Rahner, Edward Schillebeeckx, and William Stoeger.) *While Haight's main purpose for writing this book is admirable, it is doubtful that many outside of academia will take the time and put in the effort that is needed to read it and actually understand it. Christians with more conservative, biblically based faith commitments should probably bypass it altogether, as there is very little, if any, orthodox Christianity that is upheld within its pages. *Reviewed by J. David Holland, Clinical Instructor, Department of Biology, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL 62703.

The first international conference on Creative and Innovative Solutions in Civil Engineering (CISCE) is dedicated to bringing together researchers, engineers, academicians, and practitioners to share their scientific thoughts and findings. The conference is an exciting platform that will empower participants with a unique opportunity to connect, exchange creative and thought-provoking ideas, and share practical knowledge on sustainable research. This event will showcase innovative approaches to using materials for various applications in civil engineering, with a strong focus on ensuring sustainability for future generations. The Conference Opening address, ‘Use of Waste in Highway Construction: CRRI Experience’ by Professor M. Parida of Director, CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI), New Delhi during the Opening Session of the Conference on 11 August 2023 was followed by six themes, three each day with five parallel sessions. Theme 1- Innovative Design in Civil Engineering Structures Key Note Speaker: Dr. Sandeep Chaudhary, Professor, IIT Indore Theme 2- Creative and Sustainable Utilization of Materials in Civil Engineering Key Note Speaker: Dr. R. N. G. D. Ransinchung, Professor, IIT Roorkee Theme 3- Advancement in Geotechnical Engineering Key Note Speaker: Dr. Pijush Samui, Professor, NIT Patna and Guest Professor, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China Theme 4- Sustainable Solution in Water Resource and Environmental Engineering Key Note Speaker: Prof. A. B. Gupta, Professor, Civil Engineering, MNIT Jaipur Theme 5- Innovative Solution in Traffic and Transportation Engineering Key Note Speaker: Dr. Rajan Chaudhary, Professor, IIT Guwahati Theme 6- Sustainable energy and Other Emerging Trends During the Opening Ceremony, Presidential addresses were given by Professor Narayana Prasad Padhy, Director Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur. Welcome Address was given by Dr. Arun Gaur, Organizing Secretary of Conference. The Departmental Address was given by Prof. Mahender Choudhary, Head of Civil Engineering Department. Lastly the Vote of Thanks was given by Dr. Rameshwar Vishwakarma, Joint Secretary of Conference. The work of the conference was an immense undertaking and all those involved are gratefully acknowledged, particularly the Organising Committee, the Opening and Keynote Speakers, Authors, Delegates for their invaluable contributions to the success of the Conference Jaipur, India August 2023 Dr. Arun Gaur Dr. Rameshwar J. Vishwakarma List of Committees are available in the pdf.

Entrevista com Edward Lopes ao então Grupo de Estudos Semióticos em Comunicação (GESCom), da Unesp de Bauru para integrar o projeto “Greimas no Brasil”, voltado à reconstrução da história da semiótica brasileira a partir da perspectiva da primeira geração de semioticistas do Brasil sobre a vinda de Greimas ao país em 1973 e a sua atuação como ministrante do curso “Semiótica da narrativa”, a fundação do Centro de Estudos Semióticos “A. J. Greimas” (CESAJG) e da revista Significação, e o papel desses pesquisadores na divulgação das obras greimasianas mediante tradução de seus escritos. A conversa com Lopes revela o percurso acadêmico que o levou a conhecer Greimas e trazê-lo ao Brasil, bem como aspectos concernentes à atuação do entrevistado como professor, pesquisador, fundador de programa de pós-graduação e autor de obras que contribuíram para o estabelecimento dessa disciplina em território brasileiro.

James R. Markusen of University of Colorado at Boulder reviews, “The Craft of Economics: Lessons from the Heckscher-Ohlin Framework” by Edward E. Leamer. The EconLit abstract of this book begins: “Examines the Heckscher-Ohlin framework for global competition and considers the craft of economics—what economists do, what they should do, and what they should not do. Discusses the Heckscher-Ohlin framework as economic fiction and the econometric journalism of the Heckscher-Ohlin framework. Leamer is Chauncey J. Medberry Professor of Management, Professor of Economics, and Professor of Statistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. Index”