Artykuły w czasopismach: „Prefabrication”

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Tark, Kwan Chul, Robert E. Tuchler i William W. Shaw. "Flap Prefabrication". Annals of Plastic Surgery 37, nr 3 (wrzesień 1996): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-199609000-00011.

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Wang, M., C. C. Wang, S. Sepasgozar i S. Zlatanova. "Building Information Modelling Implementation in the Design Stage of Chinese Prefabrication Construction". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, nr 9 (1.11.2022): 092017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/9/092017.

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Abstract Prefabrication construction has gained popularity in the construction industry during the last few years. Due to the complexity of prefabrication design, building information modelling (BIM) is adopted in the design stage to improve efficiency and accuracy. Many previous studies have examined the adoption of BIM in the design stage and explored the current practice of BIM adoption in prefabrication construction, however fewer first-hand investigations are made on assessing the adoption of BIM. This study aims to identify the opportunities and challenges of utilizing BIM technology in the design stage of prefabrication construction from the perspective of designers. A semi-structured interview was conducted for qualitative data collection and the data are analysed by thematic analysis. A total of eight designers from Chinese prefabrication construction projects were interviewed. The research identified 8 opportunities and 15 challenges of BIM adoption in prefabrication construction. The top four challenges are: (1) inaccurate prefabrication production drawings generated by BIM software, (2) late adoption of BIM in the design stage, (3) lack of communication platform for different designers, and (4) lack of sharing the updated design model among designers, manufacturers, and onsite engineers. These findings provide directions for improving BIM adoption in the design of prefabrication construction.

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Guo, Lifei, i Julian J. Pribaz. "Clinical Flap Prefabrication". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 124 (grudzień 2009): e340-e350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3181bcf094.

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Robiony, Massimo, Marianna Cengarle i Giulia Tenani. "Total Nasal Prefabrication". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 69, nr 6 (czerwiec 2011): 1757–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2010.10.006.

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Top, Husamettin, Cemal Aygit, Ali Sarikaya, Beyhan ??akir, Bilge ??akir i Ercument Unlu. "Bone Flap Prefabrication". Annals of Plastic Surgery 54, nr 4 (kwiecień 2005): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000151463.82495.84.

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Alireza, Mirjalili. "Efficacy of Prefabrications on Constructions' Waste Cost and its Eco-Efficiency". Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 32, nr 3 (1.09.2022): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2022-0036.

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Abstract Prefabrication in construction industry can probably reduce the cost of waste. In this research, the advantages and disadvantages of prefabrication and its eco-efficiency were identified; then the development strategies of this industry were reviewed. For this purpose, the questionnaires were used to select the proper sub-systems for prefabrication. The Delphi Snowball method was applied according to experts 'opinion, and these questionnaires were identified and adopted. Then the effect of prefabrication on nonstructural components was examined on the extent of waste reduction. Consequently, the results revealed that prefabrication may reduce the cost of waste by 97.54% and the total cost of the project by 5.06%, and environmental efficiency was estimated as 99.2%.

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Jiang, Yongsheng, Dong Zhao, Dedong Wang i Yudong Xing. "Sustainable Performance of Buildings through Modular Prefabrication in the Construction Phase: A Comparative Study". Sustainability 11, nr 20 (14.10.2019): 5658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205658.

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Prefabrication has been considered an effective alternative to conventional building. It has gained an increasing amount of attention over the last few decades as a way to advance sustainable construction. This study focused on the construction stage to compare sustainable performances of prefabrication with conventional building. Sixteen indicators were extracted from a literature review and specialist interviews to conduct a sustainability evaluation. A survey was delivered to developers, designers, superintendents, manufacturers, and contractors of a Chinese case project. A total of 51 valid responses were collected. Projection pursuit (PP), based on the real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA), was employed to evaluate the sustainability of prefabrication. The results showed that there was a consensus among the participants that prefabrication has more obvious sustainable performances in the construction phase compared with conventional building. However, cognitive differences among the participants regarding the sustainability of prefabrication were also pronounced. The findings presented in this paper may assist the government to propose feasible policies and measures to promote the development of prefabrication in China.

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Tam, Vivian W. Y., C. M. Tam i William C. Y. Ng. "On prefabrication implementation for different project types and procurement methods in Hong Kong". Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 5, nr 1 (3.04.2007): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17260530710746614.

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PurposeThe use of prefabrication has been considered as one of the most effective waste minimization methods in the construction context; however, the industry has found difficulties to implement it. Contractors lack experience in using prefabrication and they do not know how to implement prefabrication to their projects effectively. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a study on the implementation of prefabrication in the context of different project types and procurement approaches.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines possible project types and procurement methods to maximally gain benefits of using prefabricated building components. A questionnaire survey and structured interviews have been conducted.FindingsFrom the results, it should be noted that residential projects and design and build procurement methods are the most effective project types and procurement methods, respectively, in using prefabrication. In the interview discussion, one of the governmental employees highlighted that about 65 percent of projects are residential projects. The high supply of residential housing suits fast population growth in Hong Kong. The interviewee also explained that shortening construction period is one of the main goals in their projects. Furthermore, an interviewed main contractor highlighted that the involvement of contractors at the early design stage in a project can bring advantages in considering construction methods before project commencement on site and to improve project constructability. An interviewed subcontractor also explained that the involvement of construction organizations in the design stage can effectively improve the use of prefabrication in major activities including concreting, plastering and formworking, rather than wet‐trade construction activities. Therefore, the use of standardized designs and prefabricated building components are highly encouraged.Originality/valueThis brings early considerations and suggestions to project parties to improve prefabrication implementation. The effects of prefabrication implementation are also considered.

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Sari, Yusra Aulia, i Yanweri Dinata. "Innovation of Prefabrication Construction Methods for Cost and Time Efficiency in The High Rise Building Project of Perum Perumnas". MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 28, nr 1 (29.07.2022): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v28i1.38640.

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Prefabrication has been widely used in construction projects. Prefabrication improves construction speed, architectural quality, material efficiency, and worker safety while limiting construction's environmental impact than conventional construction practices built on site. This research explains the advantages of prefabricated construction methods and offers an alternative method for innovation for the High Rise Building Project of Perum Perumnas. The prefabrication method is an alternative solution based on the SWOT analysis, and software for modeling and structural design is STAAD.Pro V8.I by Bentley System, inc. The research results have shown that prefabrication methods in the High Rise Building Project of Perum Perumnas can save 7% (deviation = 868.47 million) more than the current construction method (conventional). In terms of time, the prefabrication method is faster than traditional methods, with a time difference of 371 days. The estimated time required to complete upper structure work using conventional methods is 557 days. In comparison, the time needed to complete upper structure work with prefabricated methods is only 186 days, assuming the working time is eight hours per day. And the risk analysis is generally mentioned. Therefore, based on the calculation results, it can be concluded that the prefabrication method can increase the number and quality of development production in the High Rise Building Project of Perum Perumnas.

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Gupta, Neha, Mohammad Arif Kamal i Tejwant Singh Brar. "Exploration of prefabricated building system in housing construction". Journal of Building Materials and Structures 8, nr 1 (26.02.2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34118/jbms.v8i1.1054.

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The main purpose of this paper is to examine the development and current status of prefabrication techniques and their application in building construction and why its use is still limited in the housing sector in India and why prefabrication is not being used so far to provide affordable housing to all. Prefabrication is the practice of assembling components of a structure in factories, and then transporting the complete assemblies or sub-assemblies to the construction site where the structure is to be located. The important aspect is how much of a potential difference it can establish so that appropriate development can be implemented. This paper reviews the current prefabrication system scenario for housing in India. The paper begins with a brief introduction about different types of prefabrication system. Subsequent topics address the need of prefabrication and ethical dilemma of technology transfer for prefabricated building system in India. In this paper, a qualitative descriptive evaluation research method has been used. The research methodology comprises of case studies, visual observation and data collection. Finally, two case studies around the world have been presented to validate and illustrate the various modern trends and application of design and construction methods of prefabricated building system in housing.

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Ghosh, Somik, i Mustafa Hamad. "A model for measuring distruption risk in the prefabrication supply chain". International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 11, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm110221-69-88.

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Use of prefabrication in construction projects is increasing due to the benefits in cost, time, quality, and safety. However, utilizing prefabrication introduces uncertainties inherent with the supply chain of the process. These uncertainties, if not managed, can disrupt the prefabrication process and result in schedule delays and cost overruns. This study proposes a model to measure disruption risks in the prefabrication process. The model was used in measuring the disruption risks of prefabrication of headwalls in patients’ rooms for a healthcare project as a pilot study. The risk model could successfully identify the disruption risks originating anywhere in the supply chain based on input information such as required material quantity, batch sizes of material deliveries, production rates, and batch sizes of transporting the headwall units. Using the model, the project team identified two uncertainties that could lead to possible disruptions: the start of the prefabrication processes and the required production rate to meet the on-site schedule. This is a first step to developing a risk exposure model that can prove valuable to the risk managers to analyse and manage the impact of disruptions. This will help the risk managers in making informed decisions about where to focus their limited resources.

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Bakhtiarizadeh, Ehsan, Wajiha Mohsin Shahzad, Mani Poshdar, Malik Khalfan i James Olabode Bamidele Rotimi. "Blockchain and Information Integration: Applications in New Zealand’s Prefabrication Supply Chain". Buildings 11, nr 12 (3.12.2021): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11120608.

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New Zealand’s rising demand for new and affordable homes is driving innovative and effective methods for project delivery. Prefabrication or off-site construction is considered an innovative approach to project delivery that eliminates the limitations of traditional construction methods. However, the prefabrication industry struggles with several challenges, including poor coordination and low supply chain integration amongst its partner organisations. There has been previous literature on improving the prefabrication supply chain integration, but few studies about the role of technology in this sector. Therefore, this article provides intuitions into the applicability and benefits of advanced technologies, namely blockchain, for improving supply chain integration in the context of prefabrication in New Zealand. A questionnaire survey was used to identify the channels used for information exchange between clients and contractors. Moreover, the questionnaire ascertained the positive effects of blockchain on enhancing supply chain integration between the two partners. Blockchain has proven to be a secure information integration instrument that can improve the integration of the prefabrication supply chain by fostering collaboration between organisations.

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Keys, Cathy. "Diversifying the early history of the prefabricated colonial house in Moreton Bay". Queensland Review 26, nr 01 (czerwiec 2019): 86–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2019.5.

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AbstractThe history of prefabrication in settler Australia is incomplete. The use of prefabricated and transportable buildings in existing Australian architectural histories focuses on colonial importation from Britain, Asia, America and New Zealand. This article, however, argues for a more diverse and local history of prefabrication — one that considers Indigenous people’s use of prefabrication and draws on archaeological research of abandoned military ventures, revealing an Australian-made, colonial prefabricated building industry that existed for over 40 years, from the 1800s to the 1840s. A more inclusive architectural history of prefabrication is considered in relation to a case study of the first European house erected in Moreton Bay at the British penal outpost of Red Cliffe Point (1824–25), a settlement established partly to contribute to British territory-marking on Australia’s distant coastlines. While existing histories prioritise transportability and ease of assembly as features of prefabricated buildings, this research has found that ease of disassembly, relocation and recycling of building components is a key feature of prefabrication in early abandoned British military garrisons.

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Khahro, Shabir Hussain, Nafees Ahmed Memon, Tauha Hussain Ali i Zubair Ahmed Memon. "Adoption of Prefabrication in Small Scale Construction Projects". Civil Engineering Journal 5, nr 5 (21.05.2019): 1099–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091314.

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The construction industry is facing numerous difficulties in managing construction waste, quality, environment, permanence, safety, and greater construction cost. Dynamic change is needed today to overcome new challenges in the construction industry. Adoption of prefabrication is one of the possible solutions to such problems. This paper explores the advantages in prefabrication adoption with its possible disadvantages (barriers) through the qualitative study. This paper is an addition to the existing literature of prefabrication specially for developing countries where the acceptance rate of new approaches is difficult. It covers private residential project and a public housing project. This study also aims to evaluate the current status of prefabrication adoption in small-scale construction projects. A set of the questionnaire is used to collect the data and Average Index (AI) method using SPSS has been used to analyze the results. Shorter construction time, Low site waste and better supervision are the main advantages. Higher initial construction cost and Strict & difficult design changes are the key disadvantages. It is analyzed that the conventional construction method is more frequently used when compared with prefabrication concept.

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Zhao, X., i S. Riffat. "Prefabrication in house constructions". International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 2, nr 1 (1.01.2007): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/2.1.44.

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Khouri, Roger K., Joseph Upton i William W. Shaw. "Principles of Flap Prefabrication". Clinics in Plastic Surgery 19, nr 4 (październik 1992): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-1298(20)30794-x.

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Prasher, Eva. "Prefabrication in Ancient Period". IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 01, nr 01 (styczeń 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-15010010134-39.

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Steinhardt, Dale A., i Karen Manley. "Exploring the beliefs of Australian prefabricated house builders". Construction Economics and Building 16, nr 2 (13.06.2016): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v16i2.4741.

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The housing sector accounts for a majority of newly constructed buildings. Prefabrication, defined as the factory construction of houses or significant components, is widely promoted as a means to improve efficiency. This paper focuses on the research questions: RQ1. What are the attitudes of builders towards prefabrication adoption? RQ2. What types of stakeholders do builders believe influence their adoption decisions? RQ3. What types of contextual influences do builders believe impact their adoption decisions? Current prefabrication research has focused on the advantages and disadvantages of prefabrication, without further unpacking the beliefs of stakeholders that underpin them. This paper addresses this gap and increases the understanding of beliefs that can frame interventions to increase the market penetration of prefabrication. Fourteen interviews with Australian prefabricators were undertaken as a Belief Elicitation Study. This qualitative methodology is framed by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Results show that modern high-quality prefabricated housing has struggled to overcome historical stigma; improved construction speed has not and is not likely to translate to reduced totals costs for a majority of firms; and prefabrication adoption has been hindered by an almost completely unsupportive industry infrastructure. Recommendations are made to frame arguments in improving short-term outcomes for an industry driven by practical considerations. Future discourse must focus on cost impacts, financial security and risk reduction. Establishing networks of prefabricators that can build a strong, unified voice for the industry should be prioritised.

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Gan, Xiao-Long, Rui-Dong Chang, Craig Langston i Tao Wen. "Exploring the interactions among factors impeding the diffusion of prefabricated building technologies". Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, nr 3 (15.04.2019): 535–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2018-0198.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the interactions of factors impacting the widespread adoption of prefabricated building technologies and the intervention strategies to facilitate the development of prefabrication based on fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs). Design/methodology/approach Through in-depth interviews with six stakeholder groups, namely, the government, developers, designers, contractors, manufacturers and researchers, 13 critical factors were identified and used to construct stakeholder-grouped FCMs, which were further aggregated into a collective FCM. The complexity and density of the collective FCM and the centrality of factors in the FCM were examined. Subsequently, a series of “what-if” simulations of the collective FCM were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of different interventions in promoting prefabrication. Findings The results show that three factors including market demand, cost, and policies and regulations have been mentioned by all stakeholder groups. However, these factors were ranked differently by stakeholder groups, implying that different stakeholder groups perceive the barriers to prefabricated building technologies differently. FCM simulations show that strengthening policies and regulations yield the strongest overall effect stimulating prefabrication, alleviating the organizational and environmental barriers more than the technological barriers, while improving the knowledge and expertise alleviate the technological barriers more. These measures need to be accompanied by other approaches, such as reducing cost and improving quality. Research limitations/implications It is a tough task to promote prefabrication as it is affected by numerous barriers with complex interactions, which have been overlooked by previous studies. This study clearly shows which strategy could tackle which barriers to prefabrication through the FCM simulations. This provides valuable references for the enterprises’ decision making and the governments’ policy making to facilitate the diffusion of prefabricated building technologies. Originality/value Few studies aim to analyze the interactions among the barriers to prefabrication, while this study specifically investigates this issue by illustrating the complex interactions using FCMs. Few studies also aim to identify the intervention strategies promoting prefabrication based on a quantitative approach, while this study employs FCM simulations to directly simulate the effectiveness of different strategies to facilitate prefabrication in a quantitative manner.

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OLOTO, ENITAN NGOZI, i ANTHONY C. IWEKA. "PRIVATE DEVELOPERS’ PERCEIVED USEFULNESS OF THE PREFABRICATION TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA’S HOUSING DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY". Kufa Journal of Engineering 13, nr 4 (14.10.2022): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/130403.

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Private developers in Nigeria’s housing development industry still face challenges of increasing housing stock, with a current housing deficit of 20 million units. Prefabrication, a known, yet unpopular housing construction method, has witnessed low usage. The effect of system characteristics on user acceptance of prefabrication technology is examined through the Perceived Usefulness (PU), of prefabrication system amongst private developers in the Nigerian housing development. The paper draws on the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the basis for investigation. A quantitative research approach and convenient sampling technique to select 400 private developers- members of the Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria (REDAN) in Lagos and Abuja. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Freidman’s ANOVA test. Findings showed that prefabrication amongst private developers in Nigeria is perceived as being highly useful for increasing housing stock. PU increases the degree of positivity toward usage, which subsequently triggers the intention to adopt.

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Rotimi, Funmilayo Ebun, Firas Majthoub Almughrabi, Don Amila Sajeevan Samarasinghe i Chathurani Silva. "Specific Skill Requirements within Prefabricated Residential Construction: Stakeholders’ Perspectives". Buildings 12, nr 1 (4.01.2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010043.

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Skill availability is an important component in the uptake of prefabrication and plays a crucial role in housing supply. However, the challenge is that the demand for housing has outgrown the availability of specifically trained workers. This challenge is not unique to New Zealand; many developed countries worldwide are facing similar issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine relevant skills in the prefabricated residential construction sector in New Zealand (NZ) and suggest improvement measures from the standpoint of industry stakeholders. The study adopted a semi-structured online survey and administered it to multiple construction industry practitioners. The study found the training of the construction workforce as one significant area of focus. In addition, external sourcing of international prefabrication-specific skilled workers could improve the issues of skill shortages in the residential prefabrication sector. Furthermore, the study revealed that the barriers to healthier prefabrication uptake are closely linked to shortages in management, digital architecture and design, and vocational skills related to residential construction. The study has contributed to the current pool of knowledge by identifying skill issues in NZ’s prefabricated residential construction sector, classifying the major restraints limiting prefabrication implementation, and determining measures for increasing industry uptake. It is anticipated that this will help construction organizations and the wider industry develop strategic goals and a roadmap for meeting the skill requirements in NZ. Training policies and programmes can be developed with focus on crucial prefabrication skill requirements at governmental level. Curriculum reviews are recommended for uptake by academic and vocational institutions.

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Rybakova, Angelina. "A study of aspects of structural design based on application of complete modular units". E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 04038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126304038.

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In the middle of the 20th century, technical progress allowed to maximize the size of building units, which has led to the advent of new industrial construction systems and increased construction progress rates. However, today the problem remains not completely solved and is still a vexed one. Prefabrication is not widely used, though many structural design experts predict its widespread rollout in the near future. It makes it necessary to find out the obstacles in the way of further development. The purpose of this work is to study prefabrication aspects. The objective of the study is identification of fundamental attributes common to complete modular units (the ones that include equipment and furnishings). The improvement of such aspects is meant to drastically increase design quality. The paper envelops the basic concepts of prefabrication, describes characteristics of complete modular units and analyzes the prefabrication algorithm taking into account existing BIM (Building Information Modeling) software.

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Lopez, Robert, Heap-Yih Chong i Conrad Pereira. "Obstacles Preventing the Off-Site Prefabrication of Timber and MEP Services: Qualitative Analyses from Builders and Suppliers in Australia". Buildings 12, nr 7 (19.07.2022): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12071044.

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Limited empirical and qualitative studies focus on the detailed processes and obstacles for coordinating off-site prefabrication between builders and suppliers. This research aims to identify and address the obstacles that currently prevent the further expansion of off-site prefabrication, with a research scope on timber and mechanical/electrical/plumbing (MEP) services in construction projects. The focal point of this research is to highlight their obstacles. A total of forty interviews were conducted and analyzed from four builders’ organizations and four suppliers’ organizations to ascertain their obstacles in coordinating the practice of off-site prefabrication. The results found the builder’s obstacles were sustainability, quality assurance (QA), mass production, CAD/BIM, technological support, commercial arrangements, system building, buffering in supply, schedule monitoring, productivity, flexibility, engagement, risks, and multiple supply arrangements. The supplier’s obstacles were design, financing and subcontracting, coordination, recognized practices, risks, multiple supply arrangements, and constraints. Moreover, the builders and suppliers had identified some ways to harmonize off-site prefabrication of timber. Some examples of timber prefabrication technology include joinery, doors and/or windows, structural floor/wall/roof frames, partitions, trusses, stairs, balustrades, and others. MEP services with in situ construction comprise the use of power sources and working coordination. The most important outcome of this investigation is that these obstacles can be addressed through collaboration and coordination. This is because there is a traditionally a lack of collaboration amongst builders and their suppliers. Furthermore, there is a lack of coordination between them in general. The research contributes to the improved timber and MEP services collaboration and coordination in off-site prefabrication, which can be referred to by other approaches of modular construction.

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Jiang, Luo, Wu, Fei, Antwi-Afari i Yu. "An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Prefabrication Incentive Policies in China". Sustainability 11, nr 19 (20.09.2019): 5149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195149.

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Prefabrication is a technology that can reduce the material consumption during the construction process. Thus, it is regarded as a technology that be of assistance in the pursuit of sustainable development in the construction industry. In China, a series of policies has been formulated to promote the implementation of prefabrication; however, the effectiveness of these policies has not been investigated. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the current prefabrication incentive policies in China. To achieve this research aim, a policy framework was first developed in order to understand the existing policies. Then, four indicators—namely, the number of prefabricated component production enterprises, the prefabricated floor area, the prefabricated building market size, and the expected prefabricated building area ratio—were selected to evaluate each policy’s effectiveness. It was found that the growth rates of these four indicators had increased slowly, and had even shown declining trends before 2015; however, with the incentive policies promulgated after 2015, the growth rates have increased. This study is of value not only in helping readers to understand the existing framework of incentive policies in China, but also in revealing the effectiveness of the identified prefabrication incentive policies. These research findings can also provide insights useful for policy formulation in other jurisdictions for the promotion of prefabrication.

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Chea, Cheav Por, Yu Bai, Xuebei Pan, Mehrdad Arashpour i Yunpeng Xie. "An integrated review of automation and robotic technologies for structural prefabrication and construction". Transportation Safety and Environment 2, nr 2 (29.05.2020): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaa007.

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Abstract Building construction has developed from the use of primitive tools to that of machinery, with a tendency toward automation. Automation of processes and robotics can improve efficiency, accuracy and safety in construction. On the other hand, structural prefabrication for construction is increasingly being adopted worldwide to enhance productivity and to alleviate the environmental impact of conventional construction processes. The combination and application of automation and prefabrication technologies may therefore introduce new developments to the construction industry. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the use of automation technology for structural prefabrication and construction, including recent developments, challenges and future trends. Five stages following the sequence of construction are proposed: design, construction management, robotic manufacturing, autonomous transportation and automatic structural assembly. The paper concludes that the widespread use of automation technology is preferable to structural prefabrication for construction, and that the design for robotic construction introduced through connection innovations may be beneficial as a means of avoiding complex operations and thus improving the efficiency of robotic assembly processes.

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Top, Husamettin, Ayse Mavi, Ali Barutcu i Osman Yilmaz. "Osteocutaneous Flap Prefabrication in Rats". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 113, nr 2 (luty 2004): 574–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000101062.00227.4f.

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Tam, Vivian W. Y., C. M. Tam, John K. W. Chan i William C. Y. Ng. "Cutting Construction Wastes by Prefabrication". International Journal of Construction Management 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2006.10773079.

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Haas, Kurt. "Prefabrication provides synapses on demand". Trends in Neurosciences 23, nr 10 (październik 2000): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01678-7.

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Bella, Claudia Di, Enrico Lucarelli i Davide Donati. "Historical review of bone prefabrication". La Chirurgia degli Organi di Movimento 92, nr 2 (30.08.2008): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12306-008-0052-5.

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Ulkur, Ersin, Huseyin Karagoz, Bahattin Celikoz, Pinar Turan, Serap Arbak i Mehmet Yapar. "Nerve Graft Prefabrication: Preliminary Study". Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 24, nr 2 (luty 2008): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1076087.

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Kovarova, Barbora. "Spatial Prefabrication in Timber Structures". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471 (23.02.2019): 032053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/471/3/032053.

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Deb, A. "Simple Prefabrication Proves its Worth". Batiment International, Building Research and Practice 13, nr 6 (listopad 1985): 368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09613218508551255.

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Sonmez, Erhan, Fazli Cengiz Bayram i Tunc Safak. "A New Flap Prefabrication Model". Annals of Plastic Surgery 66, nr 4 (kwiecień 2011): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e3181dc83aa.

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Chauhan, Krishna, Antti Peltokorpi, Rita Lavikka i Olli Seppänen. "The Monetary and Non-Monetary Impacts of Prefabrication on Construction: The Effects of Product Modularity". Buildings 12, nr 4 (7.04.2022): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040459.

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Prefabrication is rapidly increasing in construction, and previous research has identified various impacts of prefabrication on projects. Modular product architecture is a great enabler for prefabrication; however, practitioners would benefit from more explicit knowledge on the impacts of prefabricated product types with different levels of product modularity. This study investigates the connection between the modularity level and the monetary and non-monetary impacts of prefabricated products. First, the literature on prefabrication and modularity is used to form three propositions which are related to product modularity and the benefits of prefabrication. The level of modularity is considered with two dimensions: the proportion of modules and the module description detail. Second, four prefabricated products are analyzed to test the propositions. The analysis revealed that (1) the level of modularity adopted in the product is directly proportional to the benefits. More specifically, (2) a higher proportion of modules in a project product contributes to higher cost-benefits. On the other hand, (3) prefabricated products with highly detailed module descriptions seem to lead to higher non-monetary benefits, such as better ergonomics and work satisfaction. The study reveals new empirical evidence on the relationship between product modularity and the benefits of prefabricated products. Cost-benefit analysis revealed that even though some prefabricated products could have higher direct costs, the total cost can still be lower than conventional construction when also considering the indirect benefits. Practitioners can utilize the findings when selecting modular and prefabricated products that best fulfil their project objectives.

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Azizibabani, Mohammadhossein, Khosro Daneshjoo i Saeid Saharkhizan. "Investigating the Impact of the Prefabrication Concept on the Design and Selection of Building Components, Case Study: Peripheral Walls in Mass Housing Projects". Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 27, nr 2 (12.11.2020): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.27.2.26389.

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Today, Prefabrication is considered as one of the concepts of industrialization in response to the growing needs of human societies for development. It is particularly important to address this concept in mass housing projects. The most important goals in adopting the prefabrication approach are to increase construction speed and quality and reduce costs. A review of the literature on prefabrication illustrates the importance of Design for Manufacturability and Design for Assembly concepts about components of prefabricated systems. In this regard, this research has been carried out to identify the criteria and indicators for selection of prefabricated peripheral walls and to design a system based on updatable databases to select proper options according to the importance of criteria and indicators in various mass housing projects. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results indicate the necessity of involving building material suppliers in designing the mentioned system. Therefore, it is envisaged to continuously import new material specifications in the form of suggested options by the material suppliers in the system’s database. Peripheral wall selection criteria and indicators extracted from the literature review of prefabrication and an Analytic Hierarchy Process structure is proposed to obtain the appropriate options considering the importance of criteria and indicators. To determine the scoring criteria for options, on the one hand, the standards set for the technical specifications of materials were discussed and on the other hand, examples include materials and Peripheral wall systems based on the prefabrication criteria, were investigated.

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Zhang, Zhiming, Yongtao Tan, Long Shi, Lei Hou i Guomin Zhang. "Current State of Using Prefabricated Construction in Australia". Buildings 12, nr 9 (1.09.2022): 1355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091355.

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The Australian prefabricated construction market has been developing rapidly in recent years. New prefabrication-related technologies, materials, systems and services are also emerging in the current Australian market. Although some studies have been undertaken to explore the benefits and challenges of implementing prefabrication in Australia over the past 15 years, they do not reflect the recent changes in the industry. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap and identify the major changes in the current Australian prefabricated construction industry from industrial perceptions. Through literature reviews and industry interviews, factors reflecting major changes in the current Australian prefabricated construction, including prefabrication industry development, emerging benefits and challenges, were identified and discussed in this study. The challenges identified from interviews were classified into eight aspects related to feasibility, design, manufacturing, transportation, on-site construction, standardisation, skills and knowledge, finance and market. Furthermore, 21 recommendations and related key responsible parties were identified to tackle these challenges. The findings will provide useful references for various stakeholders to have a better understanding of the current prefabrication industry development in the Australian context and re-think how to adapt to future changes for the uptake of prefabricated construction in Australia.

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Zhao, Linlin, Zhansheng Liu i Jasper Mbachu. "Optimization of the Supplier Selection Process in Prefabrication Using BIM". Buildings 9, nr 10 (21.10.2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings9100222.

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Prefabrication offers substantial benefits including reduction in construction waste, material waste, energy use, labor demands, and delivery time, and an improvement in project constructability and cost certainty. As the material cost accounts for nearly 70% of the total cost of the prefabrication project, to select a suitable material supplier plays an important role in such a project. The purpose of this study is to present a method for supporting supplier selection of a prefabrication project. The proposed method consists of three parts. First, a list of assessment criteria was established to evaluate the suitability of supplier alternatives. Second, Building Information Modelling (BIM) was adopted to provide sufficient information about the project requirements and suppliers’ profiles, which facilitates the storage and sharing of information. Finally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to rank the importance of the assessment criteria and obtain the score of supplier alternatives. The suppliers were ranked based on the total scores. To illustrate how to use the proposed method, it was applied to a real prefabrication project. The proposed method facilitates the supplier selection process by providing sufficient information in an effective way and by improving the understanding of the project requirements.

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Filippova, Olga V., Anton V. Govorov, Yaroslav N. Proshchenko, Konstantin A. Afonichev i Natalia S. Galkina. "Plastic surgery of extensive soft tissue defects of the lower leg in children with the use of a parotid flap after its prefabrication with tissue expanders (preliminary report)". Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 8, nr 2 (1.07.2020): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors25799.

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Background. Extensive deep soft tissue defects in children are an indication for the microsurgical reconstruction using autotransplantation of a tissue complex. The use of a flap prefabrication before their microsurgical transplantation to various segments and areas is a promising approach in reconstructive surgery. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibilities and immediate results of plastic surgery of extensive soft tissue defects of the lower leg with a tissue complex, after its prefabrication with a tissue expander, and the state of the donor area in different surgical treatment options. Materials and methods. Six patients aged 13 2.3 years were operated on for deep scar deformities of the lower leg and foot. For plastic surgery, a pericarpial flap was used. In two patients, the flap was prefabricated with tissue expanders at a volume of 720 ml. After filling the expander, the second stage of surgical treatment was performed. First, the expander was removed. Next, the flap on the artery surrounding the scapula was isolated. Last, it was transplanted into a soft tissue defect of the lower leg with the imposition of microvascular anastomoses. A layer-by-layer suture was applied to the donor wound. The Vancouver scale was used to assess the quality of the scar tissue in the donor area. Results. The removal of the tissue complex after the prefabrication with expanders made it possible to perform plastic surgery of extensive soft tissue defects of the lower leg in one stage of surgical treatment with the application of a cosmetic suture in the donor area. There were no complications in the postoperative period. At the examination after six months, patients who did not undergo flap prefabrication complained of cosmetic defects and discomfort when moving in the donor area. The evaluation of the quality of scar tissue by the Vancouver scale showed that the scars in patients after flap prefabrication were similar to optimal (total score in two patients is 2). In two patients without flap prefabrication, the total score was 7, and in two patients, it was 9, which indicated unsatisfactory cosmetic parameters of the postoperative scar. Conclusion. The prefabrication of a tissue complex using tissue expanders before microsurgical transplantation enables the collection of a large volume of tissue for plastic surgery of extensive defects. It also reduces the risk of trophic complications in the postoperative period and creates optimal conditions for closing the donor site.

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Kumar, Ashok, Ajay Chaurasia, Sayantani Lal, Aditya Kumar i Vijayraj. "Prefabricated Foundation System for Single Storey Houses". Journal for the Advancement of Performance Information and Value 8, nr 2 (3.10.2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v8i2.65.

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Prefabrication technologies have been used in the building industry since the 19th century. The technologies vary from the innovative materials to novel techniques of construction and the prefabricated systems range from individual components to the entire structure. The major prefabrication technologies prevalent today include sandwich panel walling elements, hollow core slabs, light gauge steel frames as well as modular housing. Even though prefabrication technologies have been widely used in slabs, beams and columns, prefab foundation system is still a relatively new concept. The construction of foundation is the most important part of building process and hence a sound prefabricated foundation system is the need of the hour. In this paper, an attempt has been made for construction of a portable prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation which can be used in buildings up to three storeys.

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Han, Qingye, Junjie Chang, Guiwen Liu i Heng Zhang. "The Carbon Emission Assessment of a Building with Different Prefabrication Rates in the Construction Stage". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 4 (18.02.2022): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042366.

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The utilization of prefabricated components is taken as a potential way to reduce carbon emissions from the construction industry, and the prefabrication rate may be a factor that influences the mitigation efficiency. This study develops an assessment method to compare carbon emissions of a building in the construction stage when it is built with multiple different prefabrication rates. Firstly, two carbon sources (building materials and machineries) and three construction sub-phases (production of materials and components, transportation, and on-site construction) are determined to clarify the calculation boundary. Then, a carbon emission measurement model for prefabricated buildings in the construction stage is developed by using a process-based method. A dormitory building in Chongqing, China, is selected to conduct a case study to show the application of the provided model. The result shows that the carbon emission of prefabricated buildings is higher compared to that of traditional cast-in situ buildings. Moreover, the emission of prefabricated buildings decreased slightly with the increase in the prefabrication rate. A detailed discussion is followed to investigate the reason why the carbon emission does not decrease with the utilization of prefabricated units. Based on the discussion, some suggestions are given to improve the carbon emission reduction efficiency of prefabrication techniques.

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Girma, Sisay, Jifara Chimdi i Alemu Mosisa. "CHALLENGES OF USING PREFABRICATION TECHNOLOGY IN OROMIA REGIONAL STATE". Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 11, nr 1 (26.04.2020): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.2020.2020.

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The prefabricated construction method is the most practical and effective construction in the industry today in the world. It is widely considered a sustainable approach to the construction industry. However, in Ethiopia, particularly in Oromia it is not further growing where the construction method is a conventional method. The main aim of this research was to investigate the challenges of using prefabrication technology in Oromia Regional State. The results of this data show that the challenges of using prefabrication technology in Oromia Regional State mainly depends on factors such as Lack of suitable transportation, Lack of a synergetic information platform, Lack of practice and experience. Generally, the research concluded that lack of suitable transportation, lack of synergetic information platform, lack of practice and experience, and unintegrated industry chain were the major factor challenges of using prefabrication technology

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Radziszewska-Zielina, Elżbieta, i Monika Gleń. "Studies of the Prefabricated Housing Construction Market in Poland". Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 9, nr 2 (1.11.2014): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2014-0012.

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Abstract The directions of development of the construction market are not only related to the need to own one’s own home but also to increasing functional and economic requirements and conditions of sustainable development. The perception and understanding of prefabrication in housing construction are undoubtedly starting to change. Sustainable construction criteria may constitute a significant turning point and support for the development of new prefabricated housing construction technologies. Entrepreneurs are slowly perceiving an opportunity for the development of prefabrication in the construction market. The implementation and popularisation of ready-made homes will undoubtedly constitute a favourable change in the Polish construction market; however, this will require a modification of habits. This article presents an historical analysis of the development of the prefabricated housing construction market as well as an attempt to answer questions concerning the future of prefabrication in housing construction in Poland based on the conducted studies.

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Bezgin, Özgür. "An architectural vision realized through prefabrication". PCI Journal 58, nr 1 (1.01.2013): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15554/pcij.01012013.63.77.

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Shilov, Boris L. "PREFABRICATION OF THIN FLAP USING FASCIA". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 110, nr 4 (wrzesień 2002): 1200–1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200209150-00052.

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Kimura, Naohiro. "PREFABRICATION OF THIN FLAP USING FASCIA". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 110, nr 4 (wrzesień 2002): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200209150-00053.

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O'Hanlon, Seamus. "Modernism and prefabrication in postwar Melbourne". Journal of Australian Studies 22, nr 57 (styczeń 1998): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059809387385.

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Okuda, Takahisa, A. Cagri Uysal, Morikuni Tobita, Hiko Hyakusoku i Hiroshi Mizuno. "Prefabrication of Tissue Engineered Bone Grafts". Annals of Plastic Surgery 64, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0b013e3181999ec1.

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Özgenta, H. Ege, Saleh Shenaq i Melvin Spira. "Prefabrication of a Secondary TRAM Flap". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 95, nr 3 (marzec 1995): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199503000-00001.

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Özgenta, H. Ege, Saleh Shenaq, Melvin Spira i Robert C. Russell. "Prefabrication of a Secondary TRAM Flap". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 95, nr 3 (marzec 1995): 450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199503000-00002.

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Hallock, Geoffrey G. "PREFABRICATION OF A SECONDARY TRAM FLAP". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 97, nr 6 (maj 1996): 1303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199605000-00038.

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