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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Precarieté"
1
Palęcka, Alicja, i Piotr P. Płucienniczak. "Niepewne zatrudnienie, lęk i działania zbiorowe. Trzy wymiary prekarności". Kultura i Społeczeństwo 61, nr 4 (10.10.2017): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2017.61.4.4.
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The terms “precariat” and “precarity” are often used in sociological discourse, although they have neither precise analytical definitions nor clear empirical indicators. The fault lies with their promoters, such as Guy Standing or Jarosław Urbański, who use the terms incoherently in their works. The authors attempt to systematize these concepts. They claim that “precariat” and “precarity” are variously understood and correspond to three related but separate levels of sociological analysis: (1) employment of the precariat as a macrosociological category; (2) the precariat as a framework for the mobilization of social movements; and (3) precarity as an experience. Different tools are used for each of these levels and each level makes it possible to view phenomena connected with the appearance of a precariat from a different perspective. The authors present the forms in which this phenomenon appears in Poland.
2
Fernández-Caparrós, Ana. "Intimations of Precarity in Twenty-First-Century U.S. Drama: Faltering Voices of the Precariat in Annie Baker’s The Flick". Cultura, Lenguaje y Representación 25 (1.05.2021): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/clr.2021.25.7.
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While much critical attention as been devoted to the representation of precarity on the European stages, and in British theatre in particular, dramatic texts produced in the United States that concern, depict and represent the lives of members of the so-called precariat have barely been the object of critical scrutiny. This article traces the emergence of a growing concern with economic hardship in the second decade of the twenty-first century in American drama and presents a case study of Annie Baker’s The Flick (2013). Baker’s play is illustrative of an aesthetics of precarity that refrains from victimizing the members of the precariat and that plays out the paradoxes of scenarios of precarity as being at once troubling and enabling transformation and visions of possibility.
3
Risager, Bjarke Skærlund. "Prekæritet og prekariat:". Slagmark - Tidsskrift for idéhistorie, nr 71 (1.06.2015): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sl.v0i71.107307.
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This article reviews the theoretical and political history of the concept of precarity, used to describe various forms of insecurities, primarily those related to conditions of labor, employment, and wage. Precarity and the related neologism precariat have recently gained ground in Anglophone intellectual and political discussions. It is the premise of the article that, with an increasingly globalized economy, discussions and movement action based on precarity may be of growing importance in a Danish context. The aim of the article is to show how the history of these concepts has unfolded in sociological discussions and social movement practices since the turn of the century. I begin with the sociological discussion about the concept of the precariat, a class formation based on the conditions and experiences of precarity. I then show how the concept of precarity has a history in activist thought beyond these sociological discussions and how social movements, based on this thought, throughout the 2000s have mobilized around the concept, primarily in the so-called EuroMayDay parades. In the last section, I discuss how the economic crisis has affected social movement practices and how labor unions have begun paying attention to the predicaments of precarity.
4
Armano, Emiliana, Cristina Morini i Annalisa Murgia. "Per un'ontologia precaria. L'approccio orientato alla soggettività". ECONOMIA E SOCIETÀ REGIONALE, nr 2 (listopad 2022): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/es2022-002005.
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I processi di precarizzazione sono stati indagati attraverso due principali linee di indagine. La prima - sviluppata principalmente nel campo della sociologia economica - si concentra sulla "precarietà" del lavoro (precarity), investigata nelle dimensioni strutturali che hanno progressivamente eroso il regime occupazionale fordista per una parte crescente della forza lavoro. La seconda linea di indagine riflette invece sull'ontologia precaria del soggetto contemporaneo e sulla precarietà esistenziale (precariousness) che permea l'intera vita degli individui. Partendo dai risultati di una serie di ricerche condotte principalmente in Italia, questo articolo inquadra la precarietà in termini di produzione di soggettività, anche alla luce del contesto pandemico, e discute di potenziali forme di resistenza attraverso la cura, la prossimità e la costruzione di relazioni sociali basate sull'incontro affettivo e dei corpi.
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Lain, David, Laura Airey, Wendy Loretto i Sarah Vickerstaff. "Understanding older worker precarity: the intersecting domains of jobs, households and the welfare state". Ageing and Society 39, nr 10 (1.10.2018): 2219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x18001253.
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AbstractIn policy debates it is commonly claimed that older workers are entering a period of choice and control. In contrast, Guy Standing's book The Precariat: The Dangerous New Class, published in 2011, argues that older people are increasingly joining the ‘precariat’, by taking low-level jobs to supplement dwindling pension incomes. We argue that many older workers, not just those in ‘precarious jobs’, feel a sense of ‘ontological precarity’. Pressures to work longer, combined with limited alternative employment prospects and inadequate retirement incomes, give rise to a heightened sense of precarity. We develop a new theoretical model for understanding precarity as a lived experience, which is influenced by the intersection between precarious jobs, precarious welfare states and precarious households. This model is then illustrated using qualitative research from two organisations in the United Kingdom: ‘Local Government’ and ‘Hospitality’. In both organisations, older workers experienced a sense of ontological precarity because they worried about the long-term sustainability of their jobs and saw limited alternative sources of retirement income. Household circumstances either reinforced interviewees’ sense of precarity, or acted as a buffer against it. This was particularly important for women, as they typically accrued smaller financial resources in their own right. Our concluding discussion builds on this more advanced theoretical understanding of older worker precarity to call for a rethinking of state and employer support for decisions around later-life working and retirement.
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Daniel, James Rushing. "Freshman Composition as a Precariat Enterprise". College English 80, nr 1 (1.09.2017): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ce201729261.
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Drawing from recent work in the areas of economics and sociology, this article applies theories of precarity and the precariat, terms that denote the marginalized status of contingent workers, to the composition classroom. Reviewing the economic and social conditions precipitating workforce casualization, the article argues that theories of precarity support the efforts of scholars in composition studies thinking beyond the concept of social class and toward models of solidarity. Building upon the work of these scholars, the article advocates attention to the shared precarity of students and proposes methods of enhancing solidarity at the university.
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Ba', Stefano. "Precarietà e classe. Genitori in occupazioni precarie e ‘lotte quotidiane'". SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, nr 168 (kwiecień 2024): 184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2024-168009.
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This study presents the results of exploratory research on precarity and class. Through key concepts drawn from critical sociology, we try to understand class as class struggle, but not in the political sense of the concept. Here class struggle means the uninterrupted efforts of a whole group of people, within the given circumstances, to create better living conditions. Precarity is part of these circumstances and it is framed within the dynamics of valorisation of labour, which tends to reduce the person to simple labour-power. The participants are parents in pre-carious employment and we want to report and reflect on their efforts to achieve decent living standards. The intent of this study is critical, it does not want to demonstrate whether the "precariat" is a social class or not, but through the narratives of parents in precarious employment about their difficult circumstances, this research wants to explore how daily struggles can be understood as class struggles of people at the margins.
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Han, Clara. "Precarity, Precariousness, and Vulnerability". Annual Review of Anthropology 47, nr 1 (21.10.2018): 331–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041644.
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This review examines precarity through two foci. First, I focus on related terms of the lumpenproletariat and informal economy, each of which have left their mark on the notion of precarity as a bounded historical condition, and its related notion of the precariat, a sociological category of those who find themselves subject to intermittent casual forms of labor. I explore the ways in which these terms offer pictures of politics and the state that are inherited by the term precarity, understood as the predicament of those who live at the juncture of unstable contract labor and a loss of state provisioning. I then turn to the second pole of precarity to chart a tension between asserting a common condition of ontological precarity and the impulse to describe the various ways in which vulnerability appears within forms of life.
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Gopinath, Dr Swapna. "From Patterns to Freefall: Exposing the Vulnerability of Human Predicament in the Times of the Pandemic". Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, nr 4 (11.12.2021): 5889–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2646.
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COVID-19 demands a paradigm shift in modes of human interaction and challenges hegemonic social structures to adapt and evolve themselves to the altered reality of human existence. Across the world, these shifts have been triggered by the new social order threatening to erase existing social systems. My paper attempts to look at the lives of the precariats, caught up within neoliberal structures, assuming these structures to be hegemonic normative systems, and the manner in which they refuse to change, thereby putting the precariats into a more exploitative crisis situation, dehumanizing them, demonizing them, thereby risking their erasure from the socio-political and legal systems that rule the world. I have used the context of India to substantiate my argument. My paper is divided into the following sections: a reading into the concept of precarity and contextualizing it in the neoliberal framework, analysing the pandemic against precarity using examples from Indian society.
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Druzhilov, S. A. "Issues of non-standard employment: social and hygienic aspects". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, nr 6 (10.07.2020): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-6-392-398.
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Drastic transformations of the social and labor sphere have led to the emergence of new health risks and sanitary and hygienic problems associated with unreliability of employment. A new socio-economic and psychological phenomenon “precarity” has emerged, which has aff ected the employment conditions of employees, so the description of the phenomenon “precarity” needs to be clarifi ed.The forms of labor employment that diff er from the typical model and worsen the employee’s situation are considered. The criteria based on which non-standard employment is considered unstable are given.Generalized types of unstable employment are identifi ed, the specifi city of which is determined by a combination of two factors: working time and the term of the contract. Unstable working conditions are possible not only in informal employment, but also in legal labor relations. Unreliability and instability of labor has an objective character and is a natural manifestation of the emerging economic and social order. The phenomenon of “precarity of employment” appears as a new determinant of the health of employees. The main feature when referring employment and labor relations to the phenomenon of “precarity” is their unreliability.Specifies the terms used: “precariat”; “precarious work”; precompact; the precariat. An essential characteristic of precarious employment is the violation of social and labor rights and lack of job security. A significant indicator of precarity is underemployment. Precarity induces the potential danger of dismissal of the employee and the resulting stress, psychosomatic disorders and pathological processes in the psyche.Precarious employment and related labor relations have become widespread. Many employees are deprived of social guarantees, including those related to labor safety, payment for holidays and temporary disability, and provision of preventive measures. Th is leads to a violation of the state of well-being, as well as the deterioration of individual and public health.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Precarieté"
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Manolchev, Constantine Nicolov. "Precarity and precariousness : a study into the impact of low-pay, low-skill employment structures on the experiences of workers in the South West of Britain". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6562.
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This is a study into the impact of precarious work, defined as low-skill and low-pay jobs, on workers in the South West of Britain. In it, I investigate the experiences of three broad groups of precarious workers: migrants, care assistants (adult and nursery) and employees working for ‘Cleanwell’, an international provider of cleaning and catering services. My approach identifies and occupies the central ground between two opposing perspectives. Along with Guy Standing (2014; 2011), I acknowledge the existence of employment structures which can be objectively described as lacking the security of meaningful pay, tenure, access to training and progression. However, I reject the reductive structural determinism, from structures of work towards working experiences, which he implies. With Kevin Doogan (2015; 2013), I recognise the opposing, ‘rising security’ argument which cautions against homogenous classifications of precarious workers. Nevertheless, I view it as incomplete, challenging only the extent of precarity conditions but not the inherently negative experiences associated with them. In my investigation, I distinguish between ‘precarity’, as the terms and conditions of low-pay and low-skill work and ‘precariousness’, conceptualised as the corresponding worker experiences. Grounding my study in a phenomenological paradigm of enquiry and adopting a ‘meaning condensation’ method of analysis (Kvale, 1996), I seek to understand whether workers can re-construct the negative impact of precarious contexts. As a result, I present precariousness as essentially relational and not absolute. Furthermore, the re-construction of the precarious experience draws on the support of social groups and can lead to fulfilling professional identities. Lastly, precariousness can be a pedagogic experience, both positive and developmental, through which workers can follow the example set by parents and grandparents, as well as serving as role-models themselves. In the study, I challenge assumptions that precarious work has a predominantly negative impact on workers, yet caution against arguments for worker collectivisation and resistance. I argue that precariousness is a phenomenon neither fully determined by low-skill, low-pay contexts, nor simply a psychological state manifested in isolation from precarious work. Rather, it is the phenomenological ‘intending’ (Sokolowski, 2000) of precarious structures, that is, the conscious engagement of precarious workers with low-pay and low-skill work through a range of attitudes, beliefs, views and opinions. Defining it in such a way is a departure from conventional approaches and through it, I show that precariousness offers a wider range of, both positive and negative experiences. It is a means through which even the employment context of precarious work can be re-constructed by individual workers who do not have allegiance to a precariat class, whether actual, or ‘in-the-making’ (Standing, 2011).
2
Aznar, Erasun Jaime. "From rich to poor : contesting totalizing precarity in the domestic and care sector and the banking sector". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSESAM/2024/2024ULILA019.pdf.
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Cette recherche analyse la précarité comme un concept clé pour comprendre les conditions de travail et les réalités sociales dans le capitalisme tardif, en se concentrant sur les secteurs du travail domestique et de soins, ainsi que sur le secteur bancaire en Espagne. Elle examine comment l'économie politique actuelle a engendré des expériences de précarité qui, bien qu'en expansion et de plus en plus intenses, varient entre ces secteurs. Elle explore également comment les différents groupes sociaux, soumis à des exigences productives distinctes, affrontent et contestent cette précarité. L'étude recueille les témoignages des travailleurs précarisés, en soulignant comment ils sont contraints d'assumer des responsabilités personnelles écrasantes face à une vulnérabilité socio-économique générée politiquement. La thèse met en parallèle les conditions des travailleurs domestiques et de soins - marquées par des salaires bas, une instabilité professionnelle et des emplois fragmentés - avec celles, plus régulées mais tout aussi précaires, du secteur bancaire, où les travailleurs sont confrontés à des stratégies d'entreprises visant à maximiser les profits via la réduction des coûts salariaux, l'automatisation et la restructuration. Grâce à une combinaison de théorie critique et de recherche empirique, l'étude s'appuie sur une analyse marxiste pour éclairer les expériences matérielles et subjectives de la précarité. Elle contribue également aux débats sur les contradictions du capitalisme, le travail et la reproduction sociale, en examinant si ces conditions précaires ouvrent des perspectives d'émancipation. En fin de compte, la recherche souligne que, bien que la précarité touche l'ensemble des travailleurs, elle est particulièrement aiguë dans les secteurs les plus vulnérables, tels que le travail domestique et de soins, où les emplois, malgré leur importance, sont dévalorisés. De plus, elle révèle comment les conditions précaires dans ces secteurs servent à soutenir l'exploitation dans les marchés concentrés, créant ainsi une hiérarchie de précarité soutenue politiquement et économiquementThis dissertation explores precarity as a central concept for understanding contemporary labor and social conditions in late capitalism, focusing on Spain's domestic and care sector and banking sector. It examines how the contemporary political economy has generated expanding and more intense, yet differing experiences of precarity across these sectors and explores how each social group, subjected to different productive requirements navigates and contests precarity. This research has aimed to empirically gather the experiences of precaritized workers, and highlights how workers are forced to bear overwhelming personal responsibilities in the face of politically generated socio economic vulnerability. The thesis contrasts the conditions of domestic and care workers, marked by low wages, job instability, and fragmented employment, with the more regulated and stable employment yet precarious experiences in banking, where workers face corporate strategies aimed at maximizing profit through labor cost reduction, automation, and restructuring. Through a combination of critical theory and empirical research, this study draws on Marxist analysis to shed light on the material and subjective experiences of precarity. It also contributes to broader discussions on capitalism's contradictions, labor, and social reproduction, exploring whether these precarious conditions offer space for emancipatory action. The research highlights that while precarity affects all workers, it is most acute in marginalized sectors like domestic and care work, where workers are undervalued despite being essential. This research also reveals how precarious conditions in low-wage sectors underpin exploitation in concentrated markets, creating a hierarchical structure of precarity that is politically and economically sustained
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Murgia, Annalisa. "Dalla precarietà lavorativa alla precarietà sociale: transizioni biografiche e identitarie tra lavori e non lavoro". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369212.
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L’oggetto di questo lavoro di ricerca concerne il progressivo aumento di nuove forme di lavoro, caratterizzate da un crescente grado di precarietà. In particolare l’attenzione viene rivolta alle implicazioni di tali cambiamenti sui vissuti e sulle biografie individuali. Nel primo capitolo vengono illustrati i processi e le trasformazioni in corso nel mondo del lavoro e alcune tra le varie posizioni presenti in letteratura sul tema del lavoro “atipico”, cercando di coglierne le implicazioni non solo contrattuali, ma anche relative alla dimensione sociale e ai vissuti personali degli individui. Nel secondo capitolo sono invece descritti i differenti approcci che si sono interessati (e che tuttora si interessano) all’analisi dei percorsi lavorativi, a partire dai filoni di pensiero che si sono occupati di “carriere”, per poi passare al dibattito sviluppatosi intorno al concetto di “boundaryless career”. Nell’intento di adottare nuovi framework teorici e analitici per comprendere in qual modo si articolino le diverse dimensioni che compongono le biografie contemporanee e di ridefinire la strumentazione concettuale con cui tradizionalmente si è guardato alle traiettorie lavorative, viene introdotto il concetto di transizione come chiave di lettura dei percorsi biografici e identitari di donne e uomini che lavorano in maniera temporanea. Il lavoro di ricerca si caratterizza per l’utilizzo di una prospettiva narrativa, attraverso cui sono state analizzate le biografie delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori intermittenti intervistate/i. Partendo dalla complessità e dall’unicità delle narrazioni sono state esplorate le similitudini e le differenze tra due situazioni lavorative che si collocano all’interno di due diversi settori professionali – la pubblica amministrazione e la distribuzione commerciale – e sono caratterizzate da due distinte forme contrattuali – la collaborazione coordinata e continuativa e il lavoro somministrato – entrambe tuttavia contraddistinte dall’instabilità e dalla temporaneità del lavoro. Il contesto territoriale in cui è stata svolta la ricerca è la provincia di Trento, territorio caratterizzato da un basso tasso di disoccupazione e da un elevato sviluppo del settore terziario. L’analisi delle transizioni biografiche tra lavoro e non lavoro viene illustrata nel corso dei capitoli empirici attraverso differenti prospettive temporali: la prima data dal tempo cronologico, che prende in considerazione le transizioni narrate nelle singole storie (tra occupazione, disoccupazione, maternità, malattia, ecc.); la seconda data dai tempi di vita quotidiana, dove per transito si intende il passaggio tra differenti ambiti di vita (lavoro retribuito e non retribuito, tempo libero, ecc.). Nell’ultimo capitolo di analisi empirica l’attenzione è invece rivolta alle rappresentazioni del lavoro dei soggetti intervistati e ai processi di costruzione identitaria in relazione ai modelli sociali e culturali di riferimento. Nelle conclusioni della ricerca vengono proposte delle riflessioni di vario ordine. A livello teorico vengono offerte delle chiavi interpretative dei percorsi lavorativi contemporanei con l’obiettivo di prendere parte al dibattito in merito all’emergere di critiche rilevanti sia nei confronti delle tradizionali categorie della sociologia del lavoro, sia verso le teorie sulle carriere professionali e sui processi strutturali dei corsi di vita. Da un punto di vista metodologico viene invece messa in luce la capacità dell’analisi narrativa di mettere in evidenza l’intersezione tra dimensioni micro e macro. Un ultimo spunto proviene infine dalla considerazione del fatto che le transizioni tra lavori e non lavoro si articolano all’interno di contesti culturali, politici e istituzionali che contribuiscono a dar loro forma e regolano l’accesso ai diritti sociali e ad una piena cittadinanza.
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Murgia, Annalisa. "Dalla precarietà lavorativa alla precarietà sociale: transizioni biografiche e identitarie tra lavori e non lavoro". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2008. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/117/1/tesi_dottorato_murgia.pdf.
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L’oggetto di questo lavoro di ricerca concerne il progressivo aumento di nuove forme di lavoro, caratterizzate da un crescente grado di precarietà. In particolare l’attenzione viene rivolta alle implicazioni di tali cambiamenti sui vissuti e sulle biografie individuali.
Nel primo capitolo vengono illustrati i processi e le trasformazioni in corso nel mondo del lavoro e alcune tra le varie posizioni presenti in letteratura sul tema del lavoro “atipico”, cercando di coglierne le implicazioni non solo contrattuali, ma anche relative alla dimensione sociale e ai vissuti personali degli individui.
Nel secondo capitolo sono invece descritti i differenti approcci che si sono interessati (e che tuttora si interessano) all’analisi dei percorsi lavorativi, a partire dai filoni di pensiero che si sono occupati di “carriere”, per poi passare al dibattito sviluppatosi intorno al concetto di “boundaryless career”. Nell’intento di adottare nuovi framework teorici e analitici per comprendere in qual modo si articolino le diverse dimensioni che compongono le biografie contemporanee e di ridefinire la strumentazione concettuale con cui tradizionalmente si è guardato alle traiettorie lavorative, viene introdotto il concetto di transizione come chiave di lettura dei percorsi biografici e identitari di donne e uomini che lavorano in maniera temporanea.
Il lavoro di ricerca si caratterizza per l’utilizzo di una prospettiva narrativa, attraverso cui sono state analizzate le biografie delle lavoratrici e dei lavoratori intermittenti intervistate/i. Partendo dalla complessità e dall’unicità delle narrazioni sono state esplorate le similitudini e le differenze tra due situazioni lavorative che si collocano all’interno di due diversi settori professionali – la pubblica amministrazione e la distribuzione commerciale – e sono caratterizzate da due distinte forme contrattuali – la collaborazione coordinata e continuativa e il lavoro somministrato – entrambe tuttavia contraddistinte dall’instabilità e dalla temporaneità del lavoro. Il contesto territoriale in cui è stata svolta la ricerca è la provincia di Trento, territorio caratterizzato da un basso tasso di disoccupazione e da un elevato sviluppo del settore terziario.
L’analisi delle transizioni biografiche tra lavoro e non lavoro viene illustrata nel corso dei capitoli empirici attraverso differenti prospettive temporali: la prima data dal tempo cronologico, che prende in considerazione le transizioni narrate nelle singole storie (tra occupazione, disoccupazione, maternità, malattia, ecc.); la seconda data dai tempi di vita quotidiana, dove per transito si intende il passaggio tra differenti ambiti di vita (lavoro retribuito e non retribuito, tempo libero, ecc.). Nell’ultimo capitolo di analisi empirica l’attenzione è invece rivolta alle rappresentazioni del lavoro dei soggetti intervistati e ai processi di costruzione identitaria in relazione ai modelli sociali e culturali di riferimento.
Nelle conclusioni della ricerca vengono proposte delle riflessioni di vario ordine. A livello teorico vengono offerte delle chiavi interpretative dei percorsi lavorativi contemporanei con l’obiettivo di prendere parte al dibattito in merito all’emergere di critiche rilevanti sia nei confronti delle tradizionali categorie della sociologia del lavoro, sia verso le teorie sulle carriere professionali e sui processi strutturali dei corsi di vita. Da un punto di vista metodologico viene invece messa in luce la capacità dell’analisi narrativa di mettere in evidenza l’intersezione tra dimensioni micro e macro. Un ultimo spunto proviene infine dalla considerazione del fatto che le transizioni tra lavori e non lavoro si articolano all’interno di contesti culturali, politici e istituzionali che contribuiscono a dar loro forma e regolano l’accesso ai diritti sociali e ad una piena cittadinanza.
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Walker, Vern Edward. "Pacifism's precarity". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Jonsson, Martina. ""Jag har gett dig allt. Jag menar allt-allt" : En analys av förhållandena mellan prekaritet och senkapitalistisk kärlek i Tone Schunnessons roman Dagarna, dagarna, dagarna". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100861.
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MEROLA, CATERINA. "Il disagio professionale degli insegnanti: la precarietà nell'agire". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/337408.
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La ricerca ha come scopo quello di individuare, attraverso interviste narrative non direttive, quali situazioni concrete gli insegnanti identificano come fonte di disagio. La domanda di ricerca iniziale è “Quali sono le situazioni concrete che gli insegnanti identificano come disagio?”
Ho utilizzato cinquanta interviste narrative, coinvolgendo insegnanti appartenenti ai diversi ordini scolastici, dalla scuola dell’infanzia alla scuola secondaria superiore e, per quest’ultima, ho distinto tra i diversi indirizzi, o corsi di studio (istituti professionali, tecnici, licei).
Una seconda domanda di ricerca è stata: “Quali modalità gli insegnanti assumono per far fronte al disagio?”. Si è delineata perché gli insegnanti, nel corso delle interviste, hanno messo in luce quelle pratiche che attivano per superare il disagio.
La direzione di senso del paradigma ecologico, assunto come riferimento, si esplica nel principio batesoniano dell’andare in cerca della struttura che connette. In ciò si esprime il pensiero complesso, nella ricerca di relazioni, connessioni, che dà luogo a una visione sistemica dei fenomeni e dei processi attivati, con il riconoscimento delle interdipendenze, il passaggio da una logica lineare a quella della complessità. Della naturalistic inquiry, la ricerca fenomenologica condivide il principio di evitare di andare sul campo con percorsi di ricerca già strutturati, ciò comporterebbe una manipolazione del contesto e il fenomeno non potrebbe manifestarsi nella sua essenza.
Nel processo di analisi sui protocolli di trascrizione delle interviste, ho individuato le categorie (come insiemi di strumenti concettuali del metodo), con un diverso grado di generalizzazione, o di ampiezza concettuale nella descrizione del fenomeno, per cui sono giunta gradualmente a un maggior grado di astrazione concettuale.
La costruzione metodologica, attraverso la Grounded Theory, si allarga verso l’alto, è un processo induttivo, dal piccolo ( etichette concettuali o codes), a ciò che è intermedio (categorie o code families), a ciò che è di livello immediatamente superiore (macrocategorie), fino al livello più elevato nella concettualizzazione (core category) con un medesimo nucleo generativo che da un’impercettibile struttura primordiale prende forma, cresce, torna alla sua natura seminale e generativa.
La precarietà dell’agire è la core category che mi ha permesso di connettere tutti gli strumenti concettuali elaborati. Gli insegnanti vivono con senso di precarietà il proprio ruolo in divenire, si interrogano sul senso del proprio agire. Questo non è completamente negativo ma è il riflesso di un nuovo modo di essere insegnanti e di essere protagonisti critici nelle evoluzioni del proprio ruolo. Vi è una condizione di incertezza che non sempre è facile da sostenere e appartiene al carattere congetturale che contrassegna la nuova posizione insegnante. La precarietà dell’agire determina che non vi siano procedure certe da seguire per svolgere con certezza i propri compiti professionali. In ciò si esprime anche quella fragilità per l’impossibilità di rintracciare soluzioni prestabilite e la necessità di impegnarsi nella ricerca delle vie percorribili, a seconda delle situazioni che si aprono nella quotidianità.
La situazione di precarietà è strettamente connessa a quella di incertezza per cui la stessa figura dell’insegnante, che viene percepita, a livello di senso comune, come forte e assolutamente certa, si incrina e nel ripiegamento diviene fragile perché lo stesso sapere non è più trasmissibile con assoluta certezza.The object of the research is to identify, by means of narrative interviews, which concrete situations the teachers identify as source of uneasiness. The initial research question is “Which are the concrete situations that the teachers identify as uneasiness?” I’ve used fifty narrative interviews, involving teachers belonging to the different scholastic orders, from primary school to secondary school and, for this, professional institutes, technical institutes, high schools. The second research question has been: “Which manners are adopted by the teachers for facing the uneasiness?”. It was identified because the teachers, during the interviews, have highlighted the practices they adopt for overcoming the uneasiness. The direction of sense of the ecological paradigm, assumed as reference, it is explained in the principle of looking for the connecting structure. Here the complex thought is expressed, in the research of relationships, connections that involve a systemic vision of the phenomenon and the activated processes, with the recognition of the interdependences, the crossing from a linear logic to that of the complexity. The research shares with the naturalistic inquiry the principle of avoiding to go on the field with research routes already structured, this fact would involve a manipulation of the context and the phenomenon could not be revealed in its essence. During the analysis process of the protocols of interviews transcription, I have focused the categories (as a set of conceptual tools of the method), with a different degree of generalization, or of conceptual breadth in the description of the phenomenon, so I reached step-by-step a greater degree of conceptual abstraction. The methodological building, through the Grounded Theory, is extending upward, it is an inductive process, from the smaller (conceptual labels or codes), to what it is intermediary (categories or code families), to what is immediately of superior level (macro categories), up to the highest level in the concepting (core category) with a same generative core that takes form from an imperceptible primordial structure, it grows, it returns to his seminal and generative nature. The acting precariousness is the core category that allowed me to connect all the processed conceptual artefacts. The teachers live with a sense of precariousness their own role, they have doubt about the sense of own actions. This is not completely negative, but it is the outcome of to be teachers in a new way, and to be critical protagonists in the evolutions of their own role. There is an uncertainty condition that is not always so easy to be sustained. It belongs to the conjectural character that underlines the new teacher role. A consequence of the precariousness in to act is the absence of consolidated procedure to follow to complete the own professional tasks. Related to this, it is also the fragility caused by the impossibility to discover pre-assigned solutions, and the need of focusing in the research of practicable roads, depending on the available daily situations. The situation of precariousness and uncertainty are tightly coupled, so the role of the teacher that usually is recognized to be strong and absolutely identified, it becomes fragile because the knowledge is not more transferable with absolute certainty.
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Tomaelo, Marta <1987>. "Il precariato nei Servizi sociali". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5001.
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QUESTA TESI TRATTA DEL PRECARIATO NEI SERVIZI SOCIALI. DAPPRIMA SONO STATE ANALIZZATE LE ATTUALI TENDENZE DEL MERCATO DEL LAVORO; POI VIENE AFFRONTATA LA TEMATICA DEL PRECARIATO E LE IMPLICAZIONI CHE QUESTO PRODUCE NEI SERVIZI SOCIALI. SI E' PROCEDUTO CON UN'ANALISI DELLE CONSEGUENZE SULLA VITA E SULLA SALUTE DEGLI OPERATORI CHE CONVIVONO CON QUESTA SITUAZIONE. INFINE E' STATA EFFETTUATA UN'INDAGINE ESPLORATIVA AD ASSISTENTI SOCIALI PRECARI.
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Vicentini, Zoe <1990>. "Lavorare per beneficenza Un'etnografia della precarietà tra i dialogatori umanitari". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9731.
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La mia tesi si concentra sul sistema della beneficenza messa in campo da due particolari Onlus per cui ho lavorato come dialogatrice umanitaria per conto di un'agenzia privata nella città di Roma. Nell'arco di un mese di lavoro, grazie allo strumento dell'etnografia coperta, analizzerò le dinamiche lavorative e i rapporti di potere esistenti all'interno del mio luogo di lavoro chiedendomi come i dispositivi continuamente intrecciati del merito e del debito agiscono sul corpo e sulle aspettative, spesso tradite, degli stessi dialogatori.
E' possibile descrivere quei meccanismi, a prima vista naturalizzati, che legano il lavoratore al proprio posto di lavoro in un rapporto di fidelizzazione perversa, a fronte di guadagni e tutele quasi inesistenti? Attraverso quali tecniche di marketing i dialogatori riescono a convincere migliaia di persone a sostenere un progetto umanitario? Come avviene il processo di soggettivazione e, chissà, di de-soggettivazione del dialogatore umanitario dopo un'esperienza nel settore della beneficenza? Chi sono e cosa desiderano questi giovani lavoratori? E' possibile fare un'etnografia della beneficenza?
Grazie allo strumento dell'intervista scoperta ad alcuni ex colleghi di lavoro, e a quello dell'osservazione partecipante, raccoglierò le possibili risposte date dalle diverse figure incontrate durante il mio studio, nei tanti luoghi attraversati della città di Roma.
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Vicentini, Zoe <1990>. "Lavorare per beneficenza Un'etnografia della precarietà tra i dialogatori umanitari". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9732.
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La mia tesi si concentra sul sistema della beneficenza messa in campo da due particolari Onlus per cui ho lavorato come dialogatrice umanitaria per conto di un'agenzia privata nella città di Roma. Nell'arco di un mese di lavoro, grazie allo strumento dell'etnografia coperta, analizzerò le dinamiche lavorative e i rapporti di potere esistenti all'interno del mio luogo di lavoro chiedendomi come i dispositivi continuamente intrecciati del merito e del debito agiscono sul corpo e sulle aspettative, spesso tradite, degli stessi dialogatori.
E' possibile descrivere quei meccanismi, a prima vista naturalizzati, che legano il lavoratore al proprio posto di lavoro in un rapporto di fidelizzazione perversa, a fronte di guadagni e tutele quasi inesistenti? Attraverso quali tecniche di marketing i dialogatori riescono a convincere migliaia di persone a sostenere un progetto umanitario? Come avviene il processo di soggettivazione e, chissà, di de-soggettivazione del dialogatore umanitario dopo un'esperienza nel settore della beneficenza? Chi sono e cosa desiderano questi giovani lavoratori? E' possibile fare un'etnografia della beneficenza?
Grazie allo strumento dell'intervista scoperta ad alcuni ex colleghi di lavoro, e a quello dell'osservazione partecipante, raccoglierò le possibili risposte date dalle diverse figure incontrate durante il mio studio, nei tanti luoghi attraversati della città di Roma.
Książki na temat "Precarieté"
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Convegno "L'economia della precarietà" (2007 Rome, Italy). L'economia della precarietà. Roma: Manifestolibri, 2008.
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Murgia, Annalisa. Dalla precarietà lavorativa alla precarietà sociale: Biografie in transito tra lavoro e non lavoro. Bologna: I libri di Emil, 2010.
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Chadha, Kalyani, i Linda Steiner. Newswork and Precarity. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003057376.
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Humburg, Jasmin. Television and Precarity. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05660-3.
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Rachwał, Tadeusz. Precarity and Loss. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13415-0.
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Clotilde, Barbarulli, i Borghi Liana, red. Forme della diversità: Genere, precarietà, intercultura. Cagliari: CUEC, 2006.
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Clotilde, Barbarulli, i Borghi Liana, red. Forme della diversità: Genere, precarietà, intercultura. Cagliari: CUEC, 2006.
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Henry, Nicholas. Asylum, Work, and Precarity. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60567-8.
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Crăciun, Irina Catrinel. Positive Aging and Precarity. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14255-1.
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Vij, Ritu, Tahseen Kazi i Elisa Wynne-Hughes, red. Precarity and International Relations. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51096-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Precarieté"
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Varghese, Mathew. "The Millennial Precarity and the Herd of Precariat Workers". W A Brief History of Creative Work and Plutonomy, 23–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9263-8_4.
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Biglia, Barbara, i Jordi Bonet Martí. "Precarity". W Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, 1488–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_230.
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Chan, Jeffrey K. H. "Precarity". W Urban Ethics in the Anthropocene, 29–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0308-1_2.
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Crew, Teresa. "Precarity". W Higher Education and Working-Class Academics, 45–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58352-1_3.
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MacPhail, Fiona. "Precariat". W Global Handbook of Inequality, 1–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97417-6_41-1.
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MacPhail, Fiona. "Precariat". W Global Handbook of Inequality, 559–86. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32152-8_41.
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Chadha, Kalyani, i Linda Steiner. "Precarity". W Newswork and Precarity, 15–30. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003057376-3.
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Breslow, Jacob. "Precarity". W The Routledge Encyclopedia of Citizen Media, 318–23. London: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619811-53.
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Strelkov, Alexander. "14. Conversation with San Precario". W Migrant Academics’ Narratives of Precarity and Resilience in Europe, 137–42. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0331.14.
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When you run out of rational explanations why your academic career is so insecure and challenging, when you passed the point of continuous self-doubt, what do you do? Yes, you turn to metaphysical explanations! Given the risk of losing the survival race in the most literate sense, you join forces with the global labour precariat of all shapes and sizes in beseeching San Precario for salvation. Although, dear reader, the author is fully familiar with Occam’s razor, he indulges in an intimate conversation with the Saint to reflect upon his own professional and personal Odyssey. The result is a mildly optimistic revelation that however intimidating academic precarity is, resisting it is still worthwhile, even if just for the sake of self-respect and personal integrity.
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Van Assche, Annelies. "Probing Precarity". W Labor and Aesthetics in European Contemporary Dance, 7–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40693-6_2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Precarieté"
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Ama Afun, Lilian, Mohammed-Aminu Sanda, Anna Alacovska i Obi Berko Damoah. "Fashion Entrepreneurs’ Experiences of Hope in a Precarious Ghanaian Creative Industry". W AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004316.
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This paper explored creative entrepreneurs’ experiences of hope in navigating precarious working conditions in the Ghanaian fashion industry. The inquiry was motivated by a mistaken belief in the existing entrepreneurial literature that successful creative entrepreneurs enjoy a comfortable lifestyle. However, the reality in the creative arts sector is that individual entrepreneurs must deal with wave after wave of tumultuous work environments caused by precarity. Emerging research reveals that issues of precarity within the fashion industry have been intensified due to the influx of substitute goods and governmental structural adjustment programs. The fashion and entrepreneurship scholarship acknowledges that several fashion entrepreneurs are ‘hustling’ to build and sustain their labels and brands in the face of difficulties. However, we discovered that rather than giving up, entrepreneurs must persevere, resilient and bounce-back. Ghanaian fashion owners focus on and theorize the most prevalent practices of navigating, coping with, and managing compounded precarity: that of hope. In this paper, we examine the ‘practical dimensions of futurity’, how precarity is worked on, and how one may become more than one presently is or was fated to be. This notion is in contrast to the precarity-induced state of paralysis caused by waiting. This paper explores the strategies, practices, and spatial dynamics of hope in the Ghanaian fashion industry. Taking a comparative and intersectional approach, we explore the practices and narratives that fashion entrepreneurs construct in such dire work conditions. This fact has implications for how we think about hope and entrepreneurship in the fashion industry. By so doing, this study contributes to the ongoing conceptual debates regarding the nature of creative work in the fashion industry. Therefore, this paper, examined two (2) research questions: (i) what are creative entrepreneurs’ experiences of precarity in the Ghanaian fashion industry? (ii) How do creative entrepreneurs cope with precarity in the Ghanaian fashion industry?
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Erdei, Renáta J., i Anita R. Fedor R. Fedor. "The Phenomenon and the Characteristics of Precariate in Hungary: Labormarket situation, Precariate, Subjective health". W CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10284.
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Anita R. Fedor- Renáta J. Erdei Abstract The focus of our research is labor market integration and the related issues like learning motivation, value choices, health status, family formation and work attitudes. The research took place in the North Great Plain Region – Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza region, Debrecen, Cigánd district (exception), we used the Debrecen and the national database of the Graduate Tracking System. Target groups: 18-70 year-old age group, women and women raising young children, 15-29 year-old young age group, high school students (graduate ones) fresh university graduates. The theorethical frameworks of the precariate research is characterized by a multi-disciplinar approach, as this topic has sociological, economic, psychological, pedagogical, legal and health aspects. Our aim is to show whether There is relevance between the phenomenon of precariate and labor market disadvantage and how individual insecurity factors affect a person’s presence in the labor market. How the uncertainties in the workplace appear in different regions and social groups by expanding the theoretical framework.According to Standing precariate is typical to low gualified people. But I would like to see if it also typical to highly qualifiled young graduates with favourable conditions.It is possible or worth looking for a way out of the precarious lifestyle (often caused by objective reasons) by combining and using management and education.Are there definite features in the subjective state of health of groups with classic precariate characteristics? Results The research results demonstrate that the precarious characteristics can be extended, they are multi-dimensional.The personal and regional risk factors of labor market exclusion can develop both in different regions and social groups. Precarized groups cannot be connected exclusively to disadvantaged social groups, my research has shown that precarious characteristics may also appear, and the process of precarization may also start among highly qualified people. Precariate is a kind of subjective and collective crisis. Its depth largely depends on the economic environment, the economic and social policy, and the strategy and cultural conditions of the region. The results show, that the subjective health of classical precar groups is worse than the others.
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Khoroshilov, D. "Precarity As Identification Criterion Of Protest Subculture". W Psychology of subculture: Phenomenology and contemporary tendencies of development. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.07.31.
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Lopez Barrera, Silvina. "The Architectural Typologies of Latinx Housing Precarity". W 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.62.
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Housing precarity in the Latinx community has been a persistent problem for decades in the United States. Trailer homes, mobile parks, barrack-like housing on farms, and substandard homes have influenced the experiences of generations of Latinx immigrants in the U.S. While these architectural forms may have been conceived as transient architecture, these housing typologies have become persistent through time and ignored from public debate. This paper explores the history of these precarious housing typologies and their role shaping Latinx spatial practices and lived spaces in rural America. Through spatial justice lenses this paper considers how precarious American housing typologies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have historically marginalized the Latinx community obscuring their presence. Using case studies from the 1942 Bracero Program to contemporary Latinx housing in rural Vermont and Mississippi, this paper examines the Latinx lived spaces and housing typologies from a historical perspective. Additionally, it explores the spatial implications and linkages between Latinx labor and housing. When their labor is conducted in remote rural areas and small towns, their presence is obscured often times living and working on the farms and putting up with substandard housing. Research methods include examination of architectural documentation such as historical and contemporary photographs and drawings and in-depth interviews with Latinx immigrants and advocates of the Latinx community. This paper provides an analysis of housing conditions and dwelling structures through history that have been overlooked by researchers and practitioners in architectural fields. Increasing barriers to access to adequate and affordable housing in the Latinx community are interconnected with their immigration status and their limited access to resources, resulting on access to a limited and deteriorating housing stock with unsafe and unhealthy conditions. Finally, this paper offers a deeper understanding on how the labor and immigration context has influenced housing patterns in small towns and rural places.
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Nguyen, Thu Suong. "Leadership for Circumstantial Precarity: Considering an Evolving Praxis". W 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1883944.
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Munoz, Isabel. "Identity, Marginalization and Precarity in Platform-Mediated Freelancing". W GROUP '23: The 2023 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3565967.3571760.
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Bailey, Erin. "Precarity in the Garden With Children and Wearable Cameras". W 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1884078.
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Sokolova, Elena T. "Phenomena Of Loss Of Self In Sociocultural Conditions Of Precarity". W Psychology of subculture: Phenomenology and contemporary tendencies of development. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.07.87.
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Esposito, John. "Efficiency as a Precursor to Precarity in the Food Industry". W 2nd International Academic Conference on Humanities and Social Science. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2iachss.2019.02.30.
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Walkland, Ty. ""That's What the Jobs Are": Centering Precarity in Teacher Education". W 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1439107.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Precarieté"
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Rose, Michael. Precarity and pride prevalent in Timor-Leste’s 2024. East Asia Forum, luty 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1708423200.
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Yousuf, Muneeb. Gwadar port highlights precarity in Pakistan’s geopolitical balancing act. East Asia Forum, grudzień 2024. https://doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1734559200.
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Nicholas, Claire. Textiles, Craft, and Precarity in Colonial and Post-Colonial Morocco. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1785.
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Oosterom, Marjoke, Lopita Huq, Victoria Flavia Namuggala, Sohela Nazneen, Prosperous Nankindu, Maheen Sultan, Asifa Sultana i Firdous Azim. The Gendered Price of Precarity: Voicing and Challenging Workplace Sexual Harassment. Institute of Development Studies, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.030.
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There is a strong belief that employment is a crucial avenue for the empowerment of young women, through income, greater autonomy, and bargaining power within the family. However, experiences of workplace sexual harassment undermine these potential gains. This qualitative study among agro-processing factory workers and domestic workers in Uganda and Bangladesh demonstrates that sexual harassment is widespread in both formal and informal workplaces, while domestic workers are particularly vulnerable to its most severe forms.
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Minz, Johnson Abhishek. Identifying the ‘Precariat’ in India: Exploring Time-Use by the Labour Force. Critical Asian Studies, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52698/ursn3805.
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Bulent, Kenes. The Proud Boys: Chauvinist poster child of far-right extremism. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/op0003.
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The Proud Boys is a far-right, anti-immigrant, all-male group who have been known to use violence against left-wing opponents. The group describes themselves as “Western chauvinists,” by which they mean “men who refuse to apologise for creating the modern world”. The group, which is the new face of far-right extremism, one that recruits through shared precarity and male grievances promotes and engages in political violence.
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Stride, Josh. Precarity and the Pandemic: A survey of wage issues and Covid-19 impacts amongst migrant seafood workers in Thailand. Oxfam, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7628.
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This report presents findings from an extensive survey of migrant workers in the Thai seafood industry conducted by the CSO Coalition. The report focuses on the issue of low wages, the gender pay gap and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on these issues and the workers who experience them. It also aims to develop a national discussion around the issues of a living wage and a decent living for the hardworking migrant workers who generate wealth and produce food for wealthy companies and consumers around the world.
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Jowers, Kay, Christopher Timmins, Nrupen Bhavsar, Qihui Hu i Julia Marshall. Housing Precarity & the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impacts of Utility Disconnection and Eviction Moratoria on Infections and Deaths Across US Counties. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28394.
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Ebata, Ayako, Khue Minh Nguyen, Minh Hanh Nguyen i Thi Dien Nguyen. How Did Covid-19 Affect Food and Nutrition Security of Migrant Workers in Northern Vietnam? Institute of Development Studies, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.043.
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This study explored how measures to curtail the spread of the coronavirus (Covid-19) in Vietnam affected the livelihoods and food and nutrition security of internal migrant workers. While Vietnam has made impressive progress towards food security in the past decades, marginalised groups of people such as ethnic minorities and migrants continue to face significant challenges. The project team investigated how the pandemic affected the precarity of these groups’ income-generating opportunities and how the level of income generated affected the quality, as well as the quantity, of food consumed by migrant workers in Hanoi, the capital, and the Bac Ninh province, which hosts large industrial zones. Our research shows that income for migrant workers significantly reduced as a result of Covid-19-related lockdown measures.
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Maksud, A. K. M., Khandaker Reaz Hossain, Sayma Sayed i Jody Aked. Informal Economy Perspectives on the Prevalence of Worst Forms of Child Labour in Bangladesh’s Leather Industry. Institute of Development Studies, maj 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2024.005.
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The CLARISSA programme aims to understand the dynamics that are central to running a business in the informal economy in Bangladesh’s leather industry and explore how and why worst forms of child labour become a feature of business operations. This research paper explores the findings from semi-structured interviews with business owners operating enterprises involved in leather processing and production across three prominent neighbourhoods and business districts in and around Dhaka. A focus on the leather industry in Bangladesh is an opportunity to explore the demand side of the child labour issue in a situated way, with the intention of bringing the lived experience of business owners to pre-existing literature on poverty entrepreneurship, supply chain governance, and political economy. The paper details the risks and stressors business owners face, the relationships they have with other informal and formal enterprises in the supply chain system, and their rationale for hiring children. Business owners experience poverty and financial precarity, taking significant financial risks to sustain enterprises that are barely viable economically. Stuck in vicious operating cycles, on ‘produce now, pay later’ credit arrangements, enterprises respond by squeezing labour budgets. The need for cheap labour is amplified by price points at lower than the cost of production. To understand why child labour has been so difficult to ‘end’, an informal economy business perspective points to the economic dysfunction of complex supply chains, particularly mediated by downward financial pressures produced and reproduced by highly fragmented manufacturing processes in cost-driven markets. When poverty and precarity among informal economy business owners intersects with formal economy power, the result is business models that rely on children as cheap labour. The findings make clear the policy value of engaging business owners in the informal economy in efforts to reduce worst forms of child labour, especially given the insights they can offer about how, when, and why supply chain systems are at risk of depending on children for the provision of goods and services.