Artykuły w czasopismach: „Pre-pubertal Girls”

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Fischer, Gayle O. "Vulval disease in pre-pubertal girls". Australasian Journal of Dermatology 42, nr 4 (listopad 2001): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0960.2001.00526.x.

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Fischer, Gayle. "Chronic vulvitis in pre-pubertal girls". Australasian Journal of Dermatology 51, nr 2 (25.03.2010): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-0960.2010.00631.x.

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Ross, J. D. C., G. R. Scott i A. Busuttil. "6. Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection in Pre-Pubertal Girls". Medicine, Science and the Law 33, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249303300117.

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This short paper discusses the implications of Trichomonas vaginalis infection of the genital tract in children with respect to suspected child abuse. Two case reports are described to illustrate the problems that can arise in the investigation of such cases. T. vaginalis is usually transmitted sexually but the potential for non-sexual transmission does exist.

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Patel, Barkha P., Jill K. Hamilton, Shirley Vien, Scott G. Thomas i G. Harvey Anderson. "Pubertal status, pre-meal drink composition, and later meal timing interact in determining children’s appetite and food intake". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, nr 9 (wrzesień 2016): 924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0079.

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Puberty is a period of development that alters energy intake patterns. However, few studies have examined appetite and food intake (FI) regulation during development of puberty in children and adolescents. Therefore, the objective was to measure the effect of pubertal status on FI and subjective appetite after pre-meal glucose and whey protein drinks in 9- to 14-year-old boys and girls. In a within-subject, randomized, repeated-measures design, children (21 pre–early pubertal, 15 mid–late pubertal) received equally sweetened drinks containing Sucralose (control), glucose, or whey protein (0.75 g/kg body weight) in 250 mL of water 2 h after a standardized breakfast on 6 separate mornings. Ad libitum FI was measured either 30 or 60 min later and appetite was measured over time. In pre–early and mid–late pubertal boys and girls there was no effect of sex on total FI (kcal). Glucose and whey protein drinks reduced calorie intake similarly at 30 min. But at 60 min, whey protein reduced FI (p < 0.001) compared with control and glucose in pre–early pubertal children, but not in mid–late pubertal children. However, sex was a factor (p = 0.041) when FI was expressed per kilogram body weight. Pubertal status did not affect FI/kilogram body weight in boys, but it was 32% lower in mid–late pubertal girls than at pre–early puberty (p = 0.010). Appetite was associated with FI in mid–late pubertal children only. In conclusion, pubertal development affects appetite and FI regulation in children.

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van Keulen, Britt J., Conor V. Dolan, Bibian van der Voorn, Ruth Andrew, Brian R. Walker, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Dorret I. Boomsma, Joost Rotteveel i Martijn J. J. Finken. "Sexual dimorphism in cortisol metabolism throughout pubertal development: a longitudinal study". Endocrine Connections 9, nr 6 (czerwiec 2020): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0123.

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Objective Sex differences in disease susceptibility might be explained by sexual dimorphism in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity, which has been postulated to emerge during puberty. However, studies conducted thus far lacked an assessment of Tanner pubertal stage. This study aimed to assess the contribution of pubertal development to sexual dimorphism in cortisol production and metabolism. Methods Participants (n = 218) were enrolled from a population-based Netherlands Twin Register. At the ages of 9, 12 and 17 years, Tanner pubertal stage was assessed and early morning urine samples were collected. Cortisol metabolites were measured with GC-MS/MS and ratios were calculated, representing cortisol metabolism enzyme activities, such as A-ring reductases, 11β-HSDs and CYP3A4. Cortisol production and metabolism parameters were compared between sexes for pre-pubertal (Tanner stage 1), early pubertal (Tanner stage 2–3) and late-pubertal (Tanner stage 4–5) stages. Results Cortisol metabolite excretion rate decreased with pubertal maturation in both sexes, but did not significantly differ between sexes at any pubertal stage, although in girls a considerable decrease was observed between early and late-pubertal stage (P < 0.001). A-ring reductase activity was similar between sexes at pre- and early pubertal stages and was lower in girls than in boys at late-pubertal stage. Activities of 11β-HSDs were similar between sexes at pre-pubertal stage and favored cortisone in girls at early and late-pubertal stages. Cytochrome P450 3A4 activity did not differ between sexes. Conclusions Prepubertally, sexes were similar in cortisol parameters. During puberty, as compared to boys, in girls the activities of A-ring reductases declined and the balance between 11β-HSDs progressively favored cortisone. In addition, girls showed a considerable decrease in cortisol metabolite excretion rate between early and late-pubertal stages. Our findings suggest that the sexual dimorphism in cortisol may either be explained by rising concentrations of sex steroids or by puberty-induced changes in body composition.

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Adamyan, L. V., E. V. Sibirskaya, I. E. Koltunov, I. V. Poddubniy, L. V. Shostenko, A. V. Shostenko, E. A. Shmelkova i V. V. Smolenceva. "Vulvovaginitis in pre-pubertal and adolescent girls (a review)". Problemy reproduktsii 24, nr 3 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/repro201824349.

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Paul, BJ, i CR Das. "Management of the Pre Pubertal Girls with Labial Adhesions". Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 12, nr 2 (4.02.2016): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v12i2.14473.

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Back ground: Pre pubertal labial adhesion is an important pediatric gynecological problem. Parents panic about this condition as absent vagina, which is rather very easy to handle in a very simple, rapid, surgical management.Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment on prepubertal girls with labial adhesions.Methods: A period of 3 years from May 2011 to May 2014 was taken to conduct a study about this condition on prepubertal girls. The place of study was Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal. All patients underwent either outpatient surgical treatment or in operation theatre under short anesthesia, those who were either frightened or non cooperative. They were placed in gynecological (dorsal) position. A thin stainless steel lubricated probe or 1-2 mm. size, Hegar dilator was used to separate the labia minora by firm pressure.Result: All patients were successfully treated and at present they are being followed for recurrence.Conclusion: This benign disorder can be treated by any gynecologist as an office procedure.JNGMC Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2014

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Norris, Jean E., Charlotte V. Elder, Angela M. Dunford, Deepti Rampal, Charleen Cheung i Sonia R. Grover. "Spontaneous resolution of labial adhesions in pre-pubertal girls". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 54, nr 7 (13.02.2018): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13847.

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F., Sequeira D., D'souza A. i Sanatombi Devi E. "Anxiety & Coping Patterns Regarding Pubertal Changes among Pre-Adolescent Girls of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka". Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 06, nr 01 (marzec 2016): 033–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708613.

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Abstract Background: Puberty is a period in the developmental span when the individual changes from an asexual being to a sexual being. Objectives:The present study was aimed to assess the anxiety and coping pattern regarding pubertal changes among pre-adolescents girls in selected schools of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka. Materials and methods:The study included 540 pre-adolescent girls of age group (10-12years) from selected schools of Udupi Taluk by cluster random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Results:The study showed that out of 231 pre-adolescents who attained menarche (55%) had moderate anxiety and 52.4% had adaptive coping pattern. Among 309 pre-adolescents who did not attain menarche, 62.1% had moderate level of anxiety and 53.4% had adaptive coping pattern regarding pubertal changes. It also showed that there was a negative correlation between anxiety and coping pattern of the pre-adolescent girls, r= -0.754. Conclusion: The study concluded that pre-adolescent girls have moderate level of anxiety and adaptive coping pattern regarding pubertal changes and it also showed that when anxiety increases coping pattern decreases. Majority of the respondents had moderate level of anxiety and adaptive coping pattern.

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Marwaha, Ramank K., M. K. Garg, Sushil Gupta, Mohd Ashraf Ganie, Nandita Gupta, Archna Narang, Manoj Shukla i in. "Association of insulin-like growth factor-1 and IGF binding protein-3 with 25-hydroxy vitamin D in pre-pubertal and adolescent Indian girls". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 31, nr 3 (28.03.2018): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2017-0275.

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AbstractBackground:There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in India. Molecular mechanisms suggest a strong relationship between vitamin D and growth factors. However, there is a paucity of literature with regard to a relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and vitamin D particularly in subjects with VDD. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between growth factors and serum vitamin D-parathormone (PTH) status in school girls and study the impact of vitamin D supplementation on growth factors in pre-pubertal girls with VDD.Methods:Our study subjects were apparently healthy school girls aged 6–18 years. The baseline height, weight, body mass index (BMI), pubertal status, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD), PTH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were assessed in 847 girls aged 6–18 years and in 190 pre-pubertal girls with VDD following supplementation.Results:The mean age, BMI and serum 25OHD of girls were 11.5±3.2 years, 18.7±4.8 kg/m2and 9.9±5.6 ng/mL, respectively. VDD was observed in 94.6% of girls. Unadjusted serum IGF-1 levels and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were significantly higher in girls with severe VDD as compared to girls with mild-to-moderate VDD. However, these differences disappeared when adjusted for age, height or sexual maturation. The serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels increased significantly post supplementation with vitamin D.Conclusions:There were no differences in serum IGF-1 levels and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio among VDD categories when adjusted for age, height and sexual maturation in girls. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant increase in serum IGF-1 levels in VDD pre-pubertal girls.

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De Leonibus, Chiara, M. Loredana Marcovecchio i Francesco Chiarelli. "Update on statural growth and pubertal development in obese children". Pediatric Reports 4, nr 4 (6.12.2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/pr.2012.e35.

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Childhood obesity is a growing and alarming problem, associated with several short-term and long-term metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In addition, it has also been suggested that excess adiposity during childhood influences growth and pubertal development. Several studies have shown that during pre-pubertal years, obese patients present higher growth velocity and that this pre-pubertal advantage tends to gradually decrease during puberty, leading to similar final heights between obese and non-obese children. Excess body weight might also influence pubertal onset, leading to earlier timing of puberty in girls. In addition, obese girls are at increased risk of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary syndrome. In boys, a clear evidence does not exist: some studies suggesting an earlier puberty associated with the obesity status, whereas other have found a delayed pubertal onset. Overall, the existing evidence of an association between obesity and modification of growth and pubertal patterns underlines a further reason for fighting the epidemics of childhood obesity.

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Chu, L., M. C. Riddell, J. E. Schneiderman, B. W. McCrindle i J. K. Hamilton. "The effect of puberty on fat oxidation rates during exercise in overweight and normal-weight girls". Journal of Applied Physiology 116, nr 1 (1.01.2014): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00888.2013.

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Excess weight is often associated with insulin resistance (IR) and may disrupt fat oxidation during exercise. This effect is further modified by puberty. While studies have shown that maximal fat oxidation rates (FOR) during exercise decrease with puberty in normal-weight (NW) and overweight (OW) boys, the effect of puberty in NW and OW girls is unclear. Thirty-three NW and OW girls ages 8–18 yr old completed a peak aerobic capacity test on a cycle ergometer. FOR were calculated during progressive submaximal exercise. Body composition and Tanner stage were determined. For each participant, a best-fit polynomial curve was constructed using fat oxidation vs. exercise intensity to estimate max FOR. In a subset of the girls, IR derived from an oral glucose tolerance test ( n = 20), and leptin and adiponectin levels ( n = 11) were assessed in relation to FOR. NW pre-early pubertal girls had higher max FOR [6.9 ± 1.4 mg·kg fat free mass (FFM)−1·min−1] than NW mid-late pubertal girls (2.2 ± 0.9 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1) ( P = 0.002), OW pre-early pubertal girls (3.8 ± 2.1 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1), and OW mid-late pubertal girls (3.3 ± 0.9 mg·kg FFM−1·min−1) ( P < 0.05). Bivariable analyses showed positive associations between FOR with homeostatic model assessment of IR ( P = 0.001), leptin ( P < 0.001), and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio ( P = 0.001), independent of percent body fat. Max FOR decreased in NW girls during mid-late puberty; however, this decrease associated with puberty was blunted in OW girls due to lower FOR in pre-early puberty. The presence of IR due to obesity potentially masks the effect of puberty on FOR during exercise in girls.

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Nurzia, Michael J., Kimberly M. Eickhorst, Murali K. Ankem i Joseph G. Barone. "The Surgical Treatment of Labial Adhesions in Pre-pubertal Girls". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 16, nr 1 (luty 2003): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1083-3188(02)00208-5.

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Heumann, Kristin J., Pamela Swan i Kaleen Kahl. "Sport Participation Effects On Bone Quality In Pre-pubertal Girls". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 41 (maj 2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000354265.28024.fd.

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Seth, Anju. "Do Healthy Pre-pubertal Girls Need Supplementation with Vitamin D?" Indian Pediatrics 55, nr 11 (listopad 2018): 943–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-018-1415-0.

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Brand, Caroline, Neiva Leite, Wendell Arthur Lopes, Arieli Fernandes Dias, Larissa Rosa da Silva, Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya, Jorge Mota, Claudia Regina Cavaglieri i Anelise Reis Gaya. "Adiposity and adipocytokines: the moderator role of cardiorespiratory fitness and pubertal stage in girls". Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, nr 3 (26.03.2019): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0407.

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Abstract Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and pubertal stages have been related to many health outcomes, including obesity and adipocytokines. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the moderator role of CRF and pubertal stage in the relationship between adiposity and adipocytokines in girls. Method This cross-sectional study was performed with 42 pre-pubertal girls aged from 7 to 11 years and 54 post-pubertal girls aged from 13 to 17 years. Blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin, and then the leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio) was calculated. CRF, anthropometric and body composition indicators were assessed. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and several linear regression models were used. The moderation analysis was tested using the PROCESS macro. Results An interaction between body mass index (BMI) and CRF (β: –0.70; confidence interval [CI]: –1.29, –0.12), as well as between BMI and pubertal stage (β: 0.79; CI: 0.28, 1.30) with leptin, was found. Regarding the L/A ratio, an interaction was found only in BMI × CRF (β: –0.56; CI: –1.06, –0.06). Using a combined interaction (CRF and pubertal stage), the results showed a positive association between BMI with leptin and L/A ratio only in low CRF, pre-pubertal and post-pubertal stages. Conclusion This study suggests a protective role of high levels of CRF in the relationship between BMI and adipocytokines. Despite the effect of pubertal stage, the results suggest that youth should be engaged in physical activity in order to improve CRF levels and consequently improve cardiometabolic health.

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JISHALA, MI, K, PAVITHRA, KANDASAMY KRISHNAVENI, RAJAGOPAL SHANMUGASUNDARAM i MANATHAN SAMBATHKUMARRA. "ASSESSING THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE ON PUBERTAL AWARENESS AMONG PRE-PUBERTAL GIRLS". International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences 9, nr 4 (15.10.2019): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2019.9.4.p71-80.

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Amin, Kinnari, Bhamini Kadikar, Heena Rajput, Krupa Patel i Nilesh Shah. "An unusual case of labial fusion in a post pubertal girl". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, nr 7 (28.06.2021): 2890. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20212687.

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Labial fusion is defined as either partial or complete adherence of the labia minora. It is also known as vulvar fusion, labial adhesion, labial agglutination or synechia of the vulva. This condition is common in pre-pubertal girls when estrogen levels are low and commonly resolves spontaneously post-puberty. This condition is usually asymptomatic and can be treated with topical application of estrogen or betamethasone cream or by manual or surgical separation of adhesions. We present a case of labial fusion in post pubertal girl which was managed surgically.

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Heumann, Kristin J., i Pamela D. Swan. "Qualitative Ultrasound Comparisons Between Pre-Pubertal Normally Active Girls versus Competitive Jump Rope Participants". Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 22, nr 1 (kwiecień 2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2014-0002.

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Jumping rope (JR) is known to enhance Os Calcis Stiffness Index (OCSI) in postpubertal girls; however the effects in prepubescent girls are unknown.Purpose:Qualitative Ultrasound (QUS) indices were compared between competitive JRs (N = 19) and normally active (NA, N = 18) girls 9–12 years old.Methods:Heel QUS, height, weight, percent body fat (bioelectrical impedance), and Tanner Sex Stage (self-report) were measured.Results:JR were significantly younger and had less body fat than NA (p < .01). No other between group differences were found. OCSI was not different between groups even after correcting for fat mass (p > 0.3). Broadband attenuation (BUA) was correlated with Tanner stage (R > .40; p = .01).Conclusion:QUS of the heel bone is more related to pubertal status than to JR participation in young girls. Prepubertal girls who perform high intensity jumping have similar bone quality measures as normally active girls.

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Klump, K. L., K. M. Culbert, J. D. Slane, S. A. Burt, C. L. Sisk i J. T. Nigg. "The effects of puberty on genetic risk for disordered eating: evidence for a sex difference". Psychological Medicine 42, nr 3 (22.08.2011): 627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001541.

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BackgroundDifferences in genetic influences on disordered eating are present across puberty in girls. Heritability is 0% before puberty, but over 50% during and after puberty. Emerging data suggest that these developmental differences may be due to pubertal increases in ovarian hormones. However, a critical piece of evidence is lacking, namely, knowledge of genetic influences on disordered eating across puberty in boys. Boys do not experience increases in ovarian hormones during puberty. Thus, if pubertal increases in genetic effects are present in boys, then factors in addition to ovarian hormones may drive increases in heritability in girls. The current study was the first to examine this possibility in a sample of 1006 male and female twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry.MethodDisordered eating was assessed with the Minnesota Eating Behavior Survey. Pubertal development was assessed with the Pubertal Development Scale.ResultsNo significant differences in genetic influences on disordered eating were observed in males across any developmental stage. Heritability was 51% in boys during pre-puberty, puberty and young adulthood. By contrast, in girls, genetic factors accounted for 0% of the variance in pre-puberty, but 51% of the variance during puberty and beyond. Sex differences in genetic effects were only significant during pre-puberty, as the best-fitting models constrained heritability to be equal across all males, pubertal females and young adult females.ConclusionsThe results highlight sex-specific effects of puberty on genetic risk for disordered eating and provide indirect evidence of a role for ovarian hormones and/or other female-specific factors.

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Martin, Vincent T., Janelle R. Allen, Timothy T. Houle, Scott W. Powers, Marielle A. Kabbouche, Hope L. O’Brien, Joanne Kacperski i in. "Ovarian hormones, age and pubertal development and their association with days of headache onset in girls with migraine: An observational cohort study". Cephalalgia 38, nr 4 (5.05.2017): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417706980.

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Background Fifty-three percent of adolescent girls report headaches at the onset of menses, suggesting fluctuations of ovarian hormones trigger migraine during puberty. Aims To determine if urinary metabolites of estrogen and progesterone are associated with days of headache onset (HO) or severity in girls with migraine. Methods This was a pilot study and included 34 girls with migraine balanced across three age strata (pre-pubertal (8–11), pubertal (12–15), and post-pubertal (16–17) years of age). They collected daily urine samples and recorded the occurrence and severity of headache in a daily diary. Urine samples were assayed for estrone glucuronide (E1G) and pregnandiol glucuronide (PdG) and the daily change was calculated (ΔE1G, ΔPdG). Pubertal development was assessed by age, pubertal development score (PDS), and menstrual cycle variance. The primary outcome measures were HO days and headache severity. Generalized linear mixed models were used, and included the hormonal variables and three different representations of pubertal development as covariates. Results Models of HO days demonstrate a significant age*PdG interaction (OR 0.85 [95% CI 0.75, 0.97]) for a 1 standard deviation increase in PdG and three-year increase in age. A separate model showed a significant PDS*PdG interaction (OR −0.85 [95% CI; 0.76, 0.95]). ΔPDG was associated with headache severity in unadjusted models ( p < 0.017). Conclusion Age and pubertal development could moderate the effect of ovarian hormones on days of headache onset in girls with migraine.

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Čech, Pavol, Pavel Ružbarský, Ľubomír Paučír i Dalibor Dzugas. "Body Composition of Children in the Pre-pubertal and Early-pubertal Period: Are There Some Age-related and Intersexual Differences?" GYMNASIUM XIX, nr 2 (1.08.2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29081/gsjesh.2018.19.2.06.

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The aim of the presented study was to assess changes in body composition and intersexual differences among children at pre-pubertal and early-pubertal age. The research was designed as a non-randomized cross-section study. The screened sample consisted of 136 girls and 212 boys assigned into three groups according to their age. Body composition was measured using a direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (DSM-BIA). To examine the association between obesity and selected health-related parameters, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA and Eta2 were used. For evaluation of intersexual differences, Mann-Whitney U-test was used. The presented article is the part of VEGA 1/0840/17 project. From the perspective of age, neither in the group of girls nor boys we recorded any differences in indicators of body composition, namely in body fat mass index, body fat percentage and, in addition, in the group of girls in the waist to hip ratio parameter.

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McNarry, Melitta A., Joanne R. Welsman i Andrew M. Jones. "Influence of Training Status and Maturity on Pulmonary O2 Uptake Recovery Kinetics Following Cycle and Upper Body Exercise in Girls". Pediatric Exercise Science 24, nr 2 (maj 2012): 246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.24.2.246.

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The influence of training status on pulmonary VO2 recovery kinetics, and its interaction with maturity, has not been investigated in young girls. Sixteen prepubertal (Pre: trained (T, 11.4 ± 0.7 years), 8 untrained (UT, 11.5 ± 0.6 years)) and 8 pubertal (Pub: 8T, 14.2 ± 0.7 years; 8 UT, 14.5 ± 1.3 years) girls completed repeat transitions from heavy intensity exercise to a baseline of unloaded exercise, on both an upper and lower body ergometer. The VO2 recovery time constant was significantly shorter in the trained prepubertal and pubertal girls during both cycle (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 32 ± 6; Pub: T, 28 ± 2 vs. UT, 35 ± 7 s; both p < .05) and upper body exercise (Pre: T, 26 ± 4 vs. UT, 35 ± 6; Pub: T, 30 ± 4 vs. UT, 42 ± 3 s; both p < .05). No interaction was evident between training status and maturity. These results demonstrate the sensitivity of VO2 recovery kinetics to training in young girls and challenge the notion of a “maturational threshold” in the influence of training status on the physiological responses to exercise and recovery.

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Llorente-Cantarero, Francisco Jesús, Francisco Javier Aguilar-Gómez, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Azahara Iris Rupérez, Rocío Vázquez-Cobela, Katherine Flores-Rojas, Concepción M. Aguilera i in. "Changes in Physical Activity Patterns from Childhood to Adolescence: Genobox Longitudinal Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 19 (2.10.2020): 7227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197227.

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Longitudinal changes of physical activity (PA) from childhood into adolescence have not been accurately described yet for the Spanish population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of PA, assessed by accelerometry and anthropometric measures in a cohort of 213 children from the prepubertal to pubertal period, focusing on those with valid data from both time points (n = 75). Sedentary time (ST) increased about 50%, while all PA intensities declined from the pre-pubertal to pubertal period. Light PA (LPA) was the major contributor, decreasing by about 30%. Boys were more active than girls in both periods, but they showed a higher decline in PA, especially moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). The proportion who reached the recommendation of 60 min of MVPA decreased by 33.3% in boys and 4.6% in girls. Children with obesity or overweight had lower MVPA than those with normal-weight in the pre-pubertal period, but no differences were found in the pubertal period. This study shows a decrease of PA and an increase of sedentarism in the transition from childhood to adolescence, particularly in boys. Regardless of body weight, adolescents tend to be less active. Therefore, prevention programs should be implemented to achieve optimal PA and reduce sedentarism during infancy considering the differences found by sex.

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McMurray, Robert G., i Peter A. Hosick. "The Interaction of Obesity and Puberty on Substrate Utilization During Exercise: A Gender Comparison". Pediatric Exercise Science 23, nr 3 (sierpień 2011): 411–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.3.411.

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The study evaluated the interactions of puberty and obesity on substrate oxidation of overweight girls (n = 38) and boys (N = 35; BMI > 85th percentile) matched for gender, age, and puberty (pre/pubertal) with normal weight girls and boys. Metabolic rates (VO2) were obtained during rest and at 4, 5.6 and 8 k/h. Carbohydrate oxidation rates (mg/kgFFM/min) adjusted for % predicted VO2max, were higher for prepubertal OW children than pubertal children (p < .03). Fat oxidation rates were higher for NW prepubertal boys compared with other boys. Results indicate that OW children, regardless of gender or pubertal status, increase their carbohydrate oxidation rate to compensate for higher than normal metabolic rates. The effects of obesity on the substrate use is marginally related to puberty.

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Pal, Sangita, Biswajit Chaki i Amit Bandyopadhyay. "High intensity exercise induced alteration of hematological profile in sedentary post-pubertal boys and girls: A comparative study". Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64 (12.01.2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_375_2020.

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Objectives: High-intensity exercise induces intensity dependent leukocytosis due to increased trafficking of white blood cells in circulation and also causes red blood cell (RBC) damage and hemolysis due to osmotic and mechanical stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the high-intensity exercise-induced perturbations of hematological profile in sedentary post-pubertal boys and girls. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from sedentary post-pubertal boys (n = 22, age = 16.10 ± 0.74 years) and girls (n = 22, age = 16.04 ± 0.63 years) before and immediately after exercise to assess hematological parameters such as RBC Count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), total leukocyte counts, and differential count. Results: Pre- and post-exercise RBC count, Hb and hematocrit had no significant inter-group variation. Pre- and post-exercise hematocrit and Hb were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in post-pubertal boys. Leukocyte count had insignificant intergroup variation before the exercise but it increased significantly (P < 0.001) following exercise in both the groups. Monocytosis and neutrophilia were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in post-pubertal boys. Percentage change in monocyte, eosinophil and basophil did not depict significant inter-group variation while percentage increase in neutrophil was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in boys as compared to girls. Post-exercise absolute lymphocyte count as well as percentage increase in this variable was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in girls as compared to boys. Absolute eosinophil count increased significantly in both the groups but its relative count declined substantially probably due to higher rate of mobilization of lymphocyte and neutrophil. Basophil count was also perturbed following exercise. Conclusion: Gender appeared to have insignificant impact on exercise-induced perturbation in hematological profile at post-pubertal stage except for neutrophil and lymphocyte.

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Belna, Sarah, i Veronica Gomez-Lobo. "Management of Vulvar Pain Not Associated With Vulvovaginitis in Pre Pubertal Girls". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 2015): e68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.02.091.

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Regard, Monique, i Mariel Focseneanu. "Celiac Screening in Two Pre-Pubertal Girls Newly Diagnosed With Lichen Sclerosus". Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 29, nr 2 (kwiecień 2016): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2016.01.078.

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Heinonen, A., H. A. McKay, K. J. MacKelvie, K. P. Whittall, B. B. Forster i K. M. Khan. "HIGH-IMPACT EXERCISE AND CORTICAL BONE IN PRE-AND EARLY PUBERTAL GIRLS". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, nr 5 (maj 2001): S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-00827.

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Wijaya, Harryanto, Lindawati Soetanto Kusdhany, Sri Redjeki i Benny Mulyono Soegiharto. "THE SALIVARY BONE SPESIFIC ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN RELATION TO PUBERTAL GROWTH PHASE IN INDONESIAN CHILDREN". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, nr 5 (1.05.2017): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.17752.

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Objective: To evaluate the level of salivary Bone specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP) during the pubertal growth phases in Indonesian Children.Materials and Methods: The study conducted on 64 boys and 72 girls who were age group of 8 – 18 years old were randomly selected. Salivary BALP level was estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) commercial kits and pubertal growth phase were assessed using Cervical Vertebral Maturation (CVM) method according to Baccetti. Mean salivary BALP were compared based on pubertal growth groups by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test.Results: Test revealed no significant differences between groups with p value 0.312. The highest mean of salivary BALP level was found in the pre peak pubertal growth phase (CVM stage 1-2) and the lowest one was detected in the post peak pubertal growth phase (CVM stage 5-6).Conclusion: The using of salivary BALP as a biomarker for pubertal growth prediction is questionable.Keywords: Salivary, Bone specific Alkaline Phosphatase, Pubertal growth, Cervical Vertebral Maturation.

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Kumar Parimalam. "Bullous Lichen Sclerosus ET Atrophicus in a Child". International Journal of Dermatopathology and Surgery 1, nr 1 (6.01.2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijds.v1i1.4.

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Lichen Sclerosus Et Atrophicus (LSA) is an enduring atrophic ailment affecting the skin and mucosa. Lesions can encompass genital or superfluous genital skin. Genital LSA is further common in females than males. Girls as young as two years to woman as old as in the seventh decade are affected, having two peak ages of onset, the pre-pubertal and the post-menopausal. Bullous variant of this disease has been testified in extra genital LSA. We report a four year old girl with bullous variant of genital LSA.

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Macdonald, Heather, Saija Kontulainen, Moira Petit, Patricia Janssen i Heather McKay. "Bone strength and its determinants in pre- and early pubertal boys and girls". Bone 39, nr 3 (wrzesień 2006): 598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2006.02.057.

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Lulu, Sabeen, Jennifer Graves i Emmanuelle Waubant. "Menarche increases relapse risk in pediatric multiple sclerosis". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, nr 2 (6.05.2015): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458515581873.

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) predominantly affects women with a sex ratio of 3:1 in contrast with a 1:1 sex ratio seen in pre-pubertal onset. Thus, puberty may influence MS risk differentially in males and females. How puberty may be associated with MS clinical features and disease course remains unknown. Objective: The objective of this paper is to determine the association of menarche with disease course in girls with MS. Methods: This is a longitudinal retrospective study from the UCSF Regional Pediatric MS Center database. We categorized patients by time of disease onset: pre-menarche, peri-menarche and post-menarche. Poisson regression models were used for within-subject relapse analyses offset by follow-up time. Results: Seventy-six girls were included (pre-menarche onset = 17; peri-menarche onset = 9; post-menarche onset = 50). Age of menarche was similar in all groups (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.19). Relapse rate was the same in all three groups during the first two years of follow-up. In girls with follow-up overlapping at least two time periods, within-subject analyses showed increased relapses during the peri-menarche compared to post-menarche period (adjusted IRR = 8.5, 95% CI 2.5–28.7, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Pubertal status may influence MS course at least in female patients. Understanding how puberty influences MS clinical features may offer new insights into important factors regulating disease processes.

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Navarro, Pilar, Olaya de Dios, Asha Jois, Teresa Gavela-Pérez, Lydia Gorgojo, José Martín-Moreno, Leandro Soriano-Guillen i Carmen Garcés. "Vegetable and Fruit Intakes Are Associated with hs-CRP Levels in Pre-Pubertal Girls". Nutrients 9, nr 3 (2.03.2017): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9030224.

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Saxon, L., S. Iuliano-Burns, G. Naughton i S. Bass. "The osteotrophic response to different mechanical loading regimes in pre and early pubertal girls". Bone 27, nr 4 (październik 2000): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8756-3282(00)80168-4.

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Scerpella, T. A., M. Davenport, C. M. Morganti, J. A. Kanaley i L. M. Johnson. "Dose Related Association of Impact Activity and Bone Mineral Density in Pre-pubertal Girls". Calcified Tissue International 72, nr 1 (1.01.2003): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223-001-1131-x.

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Wallace, W. Hamish B., Thomas W. Kelsey i Richard A. Anderson. "Fertility preservation in pre-pubertal girls with cancer: the role of ovarian tissue cryopreservation". Fertility and Sterility 105, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.11.041.

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Kawira, Catherine, Anne Wambugu i Nathan Chiroma. "PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY AND PEER RELATIONSHIPS OF PREADOLESCENT GIRLS". International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 6, nr 38 (15.03.2021): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.6380015.

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This article discusses the relationship between precocious puberty and the peer relationships of preadolescent girls in public primary schools in Kiambu County, Kenya. This article is based on a case study of twelve selected public primary schools (representing the 12 constituencies) of Kiambu County, Kenya. The sample population was a total of four hundred and ten pre-teenage girls drawn from eight to twelve-year-old girls, and eight class teachers, who were purposively sampled from twelve randomly selected public primary schools in the study location. This was a mixed study that utilized both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The self-rating scale for pubertal maturation and the peer connectedness scale was used to assess for signs of precocious puberty and the quality of peer relationships respectively. In addition, structured interviews and focus group discussions were used to gather additional primary data. The instruments were pilot-tested on a sample of thirty-six respondents who were purposively sampled from three public primary schools in the sample location, and who were omitted from the actual study sample. The quantitative data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, while the qualitative data was analysed using the content analysis approach. Analysed data was presented using both figures and tables. This study found a significant relationship (β=0.258, p=0.011) between precocious puberty and peer relationships among preadolescent girls. This was confirmed by the interview responses and the focus group narratives. The study concluded that earlier pubertal maturation led to strained peer relationships among preadolescent girls. This article recommends that forums to educate children on the stages of development and how to handle each of them be incorporated in the curriculum, to prepare girls for pubertal maturation whenever it occurs.

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Pace, Erika, Andrew D. MacKinnon i Nandita M. deSouza. "Variation of the apparent diffusion coefficient of skull bone marrow by age group, pubertal status, and gender in a pediatric population". Acta Radiologica 61, nr 9 (22.12.2019): 1240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185119894217.

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Background Bone marrow composition varies with stage of development. Purpose To assess differences in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from clivus bone marrow in healthy children by age, pubertal status, and gender as a benchmark when monitoring local and systemic treatment-induced effects. Material and Methods Non-oncological pediatric patients (30 pre-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys] and 30 post-pubertal [15 girls, 15 boys]) with previous normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain including diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI; 1.5-T Philips Achieva-Ingenia, b-values 0 and 1000s/mm2) were studied. A 4–6 mm diameter region of interest (ROI), drawn within the clivus on two or three DW-MRI slices, yielded mean and centile ADC values. Pubertal status was recognized from imaging appearances of the pituitary gland and from fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Correlations between ADC and age were assessed (Pearson’s coefficient). Mann–Whitney U tests compared ADC by age, pubertal status, and gender. Results Age and ADC were significantly negatively correlated (median ADC r=–0.48, mean ADC r=–0.42, P=0.0001 and 0.0008, respectively) which held true when divided by gender. Mean and median ADC differed significantly before and after puberty for the whole population ( P=0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). There was a left shift of the ADC histogram after puberty with significant differences in centile values. ADC differences before and after puberty remained when divided by gender (girls: P=0.04 and 0.009, respectively; boys: P=0.005 and 0.0002, respectively). Conclusion ADC of clivus bone marrow correlates with age in children. ADC decreases significantly after puberty, likely due to replacement of hypercellular marrow with fat. There are no gender-related differences in clivus bone-marrow ADC before or after puberty.

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Birat, Anthony, David Sebillaud, Pierre Bourdier, Eric Doré, Pascale Duché, Anthony J. Blazevich, Dimitrios Patikas i Sébastien Ratel. "Effect of Drop Height on Vertical Jumping Performance in Pre-, Circa-, and Post-Pubertal Boys and Girls". Pediatric Exercise Science 32, nr 1 (1.02.2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2019-0120.

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Purpose: To examine the effect of drop height on vertical jumping performance in children with respect to sex and maturity status. Methods: Thirty-seven pre-pubertal, 71 circa-pubertal, and 69 post-pubertal boys and girls performed, in a randomized order, 2 squat jumps, 2 countermovement jumps, and 2 drop jumps (DJ) from heights of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 cm. The trial with the best jump height in each test was used for analysis. Results: No significant sex × maturity status × jump type interaction for jump height was observed. However, on average, the children jumped higher in the countermovement jump than in squat jump and DJs (+1.2 and +1.6 cm, P < .001, respectively), with no significant differences between DJs and squat jumps or between DJs when increasing drop heights. Regarding DJs, 59.3% of the participants jumped higher from drop heights of 20 to 40 cm. Conclusions: Children, independent of sex and maturity status, performed best in the countermovement jump, and no performance gain was obtained by dropping from heights of 20 to 70 cm. During maturation, the use of drop heights between 20 and 40 cm may be considered in plyometric training, but the optimum height must be obtained individually.

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Boutis, K., A. Davis, M. Pecarcic, M. Pusic, M. Shouldice, T. Smith i J. Brown. "LO81: Bridging the GAP: A deliberate practice method for learning Genital Abnormalities in Prepubescent girls". CJEM 20, S1 (maj 2018): S35—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.143.

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Introduction: Correctly identifying pathology in pre-pubertal females is a high-stakes physical examination skill. Currently, learning this skill relies heavily on case-by-case exposure, which is variable, limited and often results in suboptimal skill. Thus, there is a need to develop and evaluate learning platforms that simulate the presentation and diagnosis of this important clinical task. We developed an on-line learning and assessment platform that allowed the deliberate practice of 158 pre-pubertal female genital image interpretations . We examined the quantity of skill acquisition by deriving performance metrics and learning curves. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study administered via an on-line learning and assessment platform. Colposcopic images were acquired from a child abuse clinic. Two child abuse experts interpreted images to determine case solutions and 40% of cases had medical or traumatic pathology. Further, to validate image interpretations, a unique set of five child abuse and pediatric gynaecology experts reviewed the cases. Study participants were recruited from the USA and Canada and were required to complete all 158 cases. For each image, learners designated cases as normal or abnormal and if abnormal indicated the abnormal area on the image. The primary outcome was the change in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Results: We enrolled 107 participants, 26 medical students, 31 pediatric residents, 24 pediatric emergency fellows, and 26 pediatric emergency attendings. For all participants, the change in accuracy was +9.6% for accuracy (<0.001), +1.4% for sensitivity (p=0.6) and +15.7% (p<0.001) for specificity. The final score for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity was 79.5%, 66.1%, and 87.8%, respectively. There was no difference between learner types with respect to summary performance metrics (accuracy, p=0.15; sensitivity, p=0.44; specificity, p=0.54). Learning curves show maximal learning gains (inflection point) up until 100 cases. Conclusion: Deliberate practice of pre-pubertal female image interpretation was effective for ensuring predictable skill improvement for normal cases but was less effective for abnormal cases. Future research could examine how to refine the education tool to better serve diagnostic skill of abnormal cases.

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Fouks, Yuval, Emily Hamilton, Yoni Cohen, Joseph Hasson, Yael Kalma i Foad Azem. "In-vitro maturation of oocytes recovered during cryopreservation of pre-pubertal girls undergoing fertility preservation". Reproductive BioMedicine Online 41, nr 5 (listopad 2020): 869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.07.015.

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Dorn, L. D., R. E. Dahl, B. Birmaher, D. E. Williamson, J. Kaufman, L. Frisch, J. M. Perel i N. D. Ryan. "Baseline thyroid hormones in depressed and non-depressed pre- and early-pubertal boys and girls". Journal of Psychiatric Research 31, nr 5 (wrzesień 1997): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3956(97)00025-3.

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Sanders, Jean E., Mary E. D. Flowers i Paul C. Carpenter. "Puberty, Gonadal Function and Pregnancy in Female Patients Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT)." Blood 110, nr 11 (16.11.2007): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1663.1663.

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Abstract With increasing success of myeloablative HCT for patients with hematologic disorders, development of pre-pubertal children through puberty, return of gonadal function and the ability to become pregnant are of concern. To determine the impact of the preparative regimen on these issues, long-term follow-up records of more than 2,000 patients have been evaluated. Preparative regimens include cyclophosphamide (CY) 200 mg/kg, busulfan (BU) 16 mg/kg plus 120 or 200 mg/kg CY, or CY 120 mg/kg and 12–15.75 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). Among girls who were pre-pubertal at HCT and are now >12 years of age, 24/26 (92%) CY recipients, 11/23 (52%) BUCY recipients, and 46/96 (51%) CY + TBI recipients have developed normally through puberty. Among 148 post-pubertal women transplanted with CY only, 75 (50%) recovered gonadal function at a median of 6 months after HCT and 45 (30%) have become pregnant. This is in contrast to 2 (1%) of the 207 women who received BUCY who have shown gonadal function recovery and 1 has become pregnant. Among the fractionated TBI recipients, 39 (8%) of 460 women who received CY + 12 Gy TBI recovered ovarian function and 17 (3%) have become pregnant whereas among the 366 women who received 14.0–15.75 Gy TBI, 14 (4%) have recovered ovarian function and 4 (1%) have become pregnant. All women who recovered ovarian function after BUCY or TBI regimens were <25 years of age at HCT. The primary pregnancy complication was preterm labor and delivery, but all babies born were normal. For those women who do not recovery ovarian function, in vitro fertilization may be an option, and 14 women in this category have had successful pregnancies with 21 babies born using donated oocytes or pre-HCT stored gametes. These data demonstrate that pre-pubertal girls have more than 50% rate of developing normally through puberty and among women <25 years of age at HCT, recovery of ovarian function varies between 1%-50% depending on preparative regimen and some have become pregnant. For those who do not recover ovarian function, in vitro fertilization may be an option.

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Midorikawa, Taishi, Megumi Ohta, Yuki Hikihara, Suguru Torii, Michael G. Bemben i Shizuo Sakamoto. "Prediction and validation of total and regional fat mass by B-mode ultrasound in Japanese pre-pubertal children". British Journal of Nutrition 106, nr 6 (9.05.2011): 944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511001103.

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The present study was performed to develop regression-based prediction equations for fat mass by ultrasound in Japanese children and to investigate the validity of these equations. A total of 127 healthy Japanese pre-pubertal children aged 6–12 years were randomly separated into two groups: the model development group (fifty-four boys and forty-four girls) and the validation group (eighteen boys and eleven girls). Total body, trunk, arm and leg fat masses were initially determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Delphi A-QDR whole-body scanner; Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA). Then, fat thickness was measured by B-mode ultrasound (5 MHz scanning head) at nine sites (arm: lateral forearm, anterior and posterior upper arm; trunk: abdomen and subscapular; leg: anterior and posterior thigh, anterior and posterior lower leg). Regression analyses were used to describe the relationships between the site-matched fat masses (total body, arm, trunk and leg) obtained by DXA and ultrasound in the development group. When these fat mass prediction equations were applied to the validation group, the measured total and regional fat mass was very similar to the predicted fat mass (mean difference calculated as predicted − measured fat mass ± 2 sd; total body 0·1 (sd 0·5) kg, arm 0·1 (sd 0·3) kg, trunk − 0·1 (sd 0·3) kg, leg 0·1 (sd 0·5) kg for boys; total body 0·5 (sd 1·3) kg, arm 0·0 (sd 0·3) kg, trunk 0·1 (sd 0·8) kg, leg 0·3 (sd 0·6) kg for girls), and the Bland–Altman analysis did not indicate a bias. These results suggest that ultrasound-derived prediction equations for boys and girls are useful for estimating total and regional fat mass.

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Hidayah, Nurul, i Sara Palila. "Kesiapan Menghadapi Menarche pada Remaja Putri Prapubertas Ditinjau dari Kelekatan Aman Anak dan Ibu". Psympathic : Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 5, nr 1 (30.06.2018): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/psy.v5i1.2021.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between mother’s secure attachment to the readiness of prepubertal girl to face first menstruation (menarche). The participants were 74 elementary students at V and VI grade in Budi Mulia Elementary School, Seturan. This study used quantitative research method. Measuring instruments were menarche preparedness scale and secure attachment scale. Hypothesis testing was conducted using a statistical technique test of Pearson Product Moment Correlation with SPSS software. The results showed a correlation coefficient (rxy) = .305 with significance level of p=.008 (p<.01), so the hypothesis was accepted. This result indicates that there is a significant positive correlation between mother’s secure attachment to the pre-pubertal girls’ readiness to face first menstruation (menarche).

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Mahato, Gajendra Nath, Paritosh Kumar Palit i Md Hasanuzzaman. "To Compare the Outcome of Estrogen and Betamethasone Cream in the Treatment of Labial Adhesion in Pre-pubertal Girls". Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 43, nr 3 (7.10.2020): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v43i3.49573.

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Background: Labial adhesion is a condition of prepubertal girls where the labia are fused over the vaginal opening and/or urethra. Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the outcome of estrogen and betamethasone cream in the treatment of labial adhesion. Materials and methods: This prospective comparative study was conducted among 100 pre-pubertal girls with labial adhesion where at least 50% vaginal opening was fused. Patients previously treated with estrogen or betamethasone for labial adhesion was excluded from the study. Fifty patients were treated with betamethasone cream (group 1) and fifty patients with estrogen cream (group 2) after randomization. All patients were followed at 3rd week, 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month and then release of adhesion and adverse effects were noted. Results: Within 3 weeks no adhesion was found in 84.0% participants in group 1 and 64.0% participants in group 2, which showed significant statistical differences (p=0.023). Within 6 months recurrence of adhesion was found in 2.2% participants in group 1 and 23.4% in group 2, which also showed highly significant statistical differences (p=0.004). Success rate was 90.0% and 72.0% within 6 months in group 1 and in group 2 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.022). Conclusion: Betamethasone cream appears to be a superior agent in terms of effectiveness, safety and cost than estrogen cream in the treatment of labial adhesion in pre-pubertal girls. Bangladesh J Child Health 2019; VOL 43 (3) :161-164

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Lee, Ian R., Linda E. Lawder, David C. Townend, John D. Wetherall i Roland Hähnel. "Plasma sex hormone binding globulin concentration and binding capacity in children before and during puberty". Acta Endocrinologica 109, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1090276.

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Abstract. The steroid binding capacity and concentration of plasma sex hormone binding globulin have been compared in 116 children aged between 2 and 14 years. Concentration was measured by electroimmunodiffusion standardised with reference to the mass of the pure protein and binding capacity by quantitating the binding of radiolabelled 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Binding capacity correlated highly with concentration in all subjects and neither differed significantly between the sexes before or during puberty. However, both were significantly lower in pubertal than in pre-pubertal children. These findings suggest the metabolism of the protein is similar in boys and girls and that the fall in its steroid binding capacity at puberty in fact is due to a fall in its concentration rather than to changes in its physicochemical properties.

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Petersen, S. R., C. A. Gaul, M. M. Stanton i C. C. Hanstock. "Skeletal muscle metabolism during short-term, high-intensity exercise in prepubertal and pubertal girls". Journal of Applied Physiology 87, nr 6 (1.12.1999): 2151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2151.

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To test the hypothesis that glycolytic metabolism in muscle is attenuated in prepubertal children,31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine calf muscle intracellular pH (pHi) in nine prepubertal (Pre) and nine pubertal female swimmers (Pub). Maximal plantar flexion work capacity (100% MWC) was established by using a graded exercise test. Between 5 and 10 days later, calf muscle images (magnetic resonance imaging) and phosphorus spectra were acquired at rest, during 2 min of light exercise (40% MWC), and during 2 min of supramaximal exercise (140% MWC) in a 3.0-T NMR system. End-exercise pHi was 6.66 ± 0.11 and 6.76 ± 0.17 for Pub and Pre, respectively. No significant differences in the mean values for pHi or the Pi-to-phosphocreatine ratio were observed between groups during the protocol; however, an interaction effect was found for the Pi-to-phosphocreatine ratio during the supramaximal exercise challenge. Cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius was 15.12 ± 0.46 and 9.37 ± 0.37 cm2 for Pub and Pre, respectively ( P < 0.05). Differences in muscle size must be considered when interpreting the unlocalized magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. These results suggest that glycolytic metabolism in physically active children is not maturity dependent.

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Bonjour, Jean-Philippe, i Thierry Chevalley. "Pubertal Timing, Bone Acquisition, and Risk of Fracture Throughout Life". Endocrine Reviews 35, nr 5 (25.08.2014): 820–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2014-1007.

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Pubertal maturation plays a fundamental role in bone acquisition. In retrospective epidemiological surveys in pre- and postmenopausal women, relatively later menarcheal age was associated with low bone mineral mass and increased risk of osteoporotic fracture. This association was usually ascribed to shorter time exposure to estrogen from the onset of pubertal maturation to peak bone mass attainment. Recent prospective studies in healthy children and adolescents do not corroborate the limited estrogen exposure hypothesis. In prepubertal girls who will experience later menarche, a reduced bone mineral density was observed before the onset of pubertal maturation, with no further accumulated deficit until peak bone mass attainment. In young adulthood, later menarche is associated with impaired microstructural bone components and reduced mechanical resistance. This intrinsic bone deficit can explain the fact that later menarche increases fracture risk during childhood and adolescence. In healthy individuals, both pubertal timing and bone development share several similar characteristics including wide physiological variability and strong effect of heritable factors but moderate influence of environmental determinants such as nutrition and physical activity. Several conditions modify pubertal timing and bone acquisition, a certain number of them acting in concert on both traits. Taken together, these facts should prompt the search for common genetic regulators of pubertal timing and bone acquisition. It should also open epigenetic investigation avenues to pinpoint which environmental exposure in fetal and infancy life, such as vitamin D, calcium, and/or protein supplies, influences both pubertal timing and bone acquisition.

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