Artykuły w czasopismach: „Prawn farms”

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Jang, Gwang-Il, Su-Mi Kim, Yun-Kyeong Oh, Soon-Jeong Lee, Sung-Youl Hong, Hyo-Eun Lee, Mun-Gyeong Kwon i Bo-Seong Kim. "First Report of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Infection in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) Cultured in the Republic of Korea". Animals 12, nr 22 (15.11.2022): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12223149.

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In the Republic of Korea, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was first isolated from Pacific whiteleg shrimp in April 2020; however, there are no existing reports of EHP infection in other shrimp or prawns. Here, we aimed to investigate EHP infection and its prevalence in giant freshwater prawn farms in the Republic of Korea. We tested prawns from 22 farms for EHP infection, and samples from eight farms showed positive EHP infection results in 2021. In EHP-infected prawn farms, the prevalence ranged from 4.9% to 18.2%. The prevalence of EHP infection in the Republic of Korea, derived from the prevalence in prawn farms, was estimated to be 0.8% in 2021. The proliferation of EHP was observed within the hepatopancreatic epithelial cells of prawns using H&E and Giemsa staining. Mature EHP was observed in the sinus between epithelial cells of the digestive tubules. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a clade distinct from the previously reported EHP in Pacific whiteleg shrimps. This is the first report of EHP infection in a giant freshwater prawn in the Republic of Korea, where the prevalence of EHP infection is not high, but it is recognized as an emerging disease that requires periodic monitoring and quarantine management in giant freshwater prawns.

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Ali, ML, MA Sattar i MA Baten. "Copper Contamination of Different Prawn Farms at Shatkhira District". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 4, nr 2 (22.03.2012): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10157.

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Copper (Cu) contamination of six prawn farms under three upazilas of Satkhira district were evaluated. Total 54 water, sediment and prawn samples were collected from six farms, 18 samples from each category were examined to observe the Cu contamination of water, sediment and prawn. Cu was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at the central laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University and toxicity laboratory of Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh. The levels of Cu in water sample, sediment sample and samples of prawn species were collected from different surface and ground sources. The concentration of Cu in sediment samples were ranged from 45.3895 to 127.8771 ?g-1 and the average mean concentration was 76.92101 ?g-1. The concentration of Cu in prawn was ranged from 16.1069 to 97.3841 ?g-1 and the average mean concentration was 51.2342 ?g-1. The copper concentration in water ranged from 0.0309 to 0.0702 ppm. Cu concentrations in those samples were higher in sediment than prawn, but very lower concentration was found in water sample. The Cu in sediment samples were present higher amount than allowable limit. So prawn was mostly affected by contaminated water and sediment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10157 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 105-109, 2011

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KHATUN, M. S., M. ARIFUL ISLAM i K. K. U. AHMED. "Shrimp/prawn farming status in south-west region of Bangladesh in context of quality control and food safety issues". Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries 32, nr 1 (4.07.2020): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52168/bjf.2020.32.21.

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To determine hazardous antibiotics/chemicals and pesticides residues in Good Aquaculture Practice(GAP) and non-GAP farms and exploring the post-harvest management techniques of shrimp/ prawn forensuring its food safety issues, a study was conducted from July 2016 to June 2019 in three upazilas viz.Bagerhat Sadar, Rampal and Kachua of Bagerhat district. A total of 550 shrimp/prawn farms were randomlysurveyed considering GAP criteria. The farms were categorized as Category A- the farms which comply 90-100% GAP criteria; Category B- farms which comply 70-< 90% GAP criteria and Category C- farms whichcomply 50-<70% GAP criteria. From the study it was found that only 1.67±0.58 % farms were underCategory-A, 37.67±6.81 % farms were under Category-B and 53±6.08 % farms were under Category-C. Atotal of 108 shrimp/prawn samples were collected in which 30% samples were from GAP farms and 70%samples were from non-GAP farms. Collected samples were analyzed for hazardous antibiotics/chemicals andpesticides residues (Heptachlor, Endrin, Dieldrin and DDT) using LC-MS and GC-MS machine. Nohazardous Nitrofuran and Chloramphenicol metabolites were found from the collected samples and noresidual concentrations of Heptachlor, Endrin, Dieldrin and DDT were found from GAP samples. In non-GAP samples, 14.8% samples contained some residues of Heptachlor, Endrin and Dieldrin in which 10.2%samples residues were lower than the Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) which is not harmful for humanhealth. Only 4.6% samples had residues which were slightly higher than the MRL. Exploration of postharvestmanagement techniques of shrimp and prawn were done by observing the icing system quality andtransportation system from farms to market/depot. It was found that 5.67±2.08% farmer used proper icingand transportation system as well, 16.33±3.21% farmers used moderate icing and transportation system and78±2% farmers used poor icing and transportation system. It was also observed that pathogenic bacterialload was higher in poor icing and transportation system as well than the proper icing and transportationsystem. From the study it can be concluded that, if farmers follow at least 50% of the GAP criteria then thefoods (shrimp/prawn) will be safer for human consumption.

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Brennan, Donna. "Pollution control options for Australian prawn farms". Aquaculture Economics & Management 6, nr 5-6 (styczeń 2002): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13657300209380322.

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Zafar, MA, MM Haque, MSB Aziz i MM Alam. "Study on water and soil quality parameters of shrimp and prawn farming in the southwest region of Bangladesh". Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, nr 1 (14.07.2016): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28732.

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Water and soil quality parameters play a vital role for sustainable shrimp and prawn production which together is the leading exportable seafood product in Bangladesh contributing to a significant amount of foreign currency earnings. However, this sector is often negatively criticized by the consumers of importing countries for farm (locally called gher in Bengali) environment. In this context, an investigation was carried out to assess water and soil quality parameters of shrimp and prawn farms in southwest Bangladesh. This study was conducted at Dumuria and Paickgacha Upazila of Khulna district during dry and wet season in 2012. The data were collected from 9 shrimp and prawn farms and they were categorized in three different groups (as treatments) including 3 prawn (T1), 3 shrimp & prawn (T2) and 3 shrimp farms (T3). Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, alkalinity, salinity, total phosphorous and total hardness were measured using portable advanced HACH water quality test kit in both dry and wet season. Farm soil (sediment) quality parameters including pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were measured in the laboratory in wet season. It was found that most of the water quality parameters were in suitable range in both seasons for prawn, shrimp & prawn and shrimp farming. However, the ammonia content was 0.009 to 0.45 ppm and 0.2 to 0.6 ppm in shrimp farm during dry and wet season, respectively which was higher than the other category of farms. The higher ammonia content in shrimp farm might be due to the decomposition of aquatic weeds, organic matter, uneaten feed etc. creating stress to shrimp. Different co-relationships found between the water quality parameters in all the farming systems in the both seasons. In terms of soil quality parameters such as pH, organic carbon and total nitrogen, there was no significant difference between the farm categories. However, available phosphorous content was significantly higher in shrimp & prawn farm. Phosphorous content was found negatively correlated with pH and organic carbon content of farm sediment (soil). From the present study, it could be argued that ammonia is the main problem for shrimp farms that may cause severe disease outbreak which need to be addressed from the view point of research and development towards sustainable seafood production in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 153-160, June 2015

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Chin, K. K., i S. L. Ong. "Water conservation and pollution control for intensive prawn farms". Water Science and Technology 35, nr 8 (1.04.1997): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0299.

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Hundreds of fish and prawn farms were constructed in the past decades. Many of these farms have ceased operation mainly due to the outbreak of diseases. With population increase, rapid urbanization and industrialization, water quality at the estuary and coastal regions where most of the fish and prawn farms are located is deteriorating. Treatment and recycling of water are essential to maintain the water quality at an acceptable level. A system consisting of preliminary settling, biofiltration, secondary settling and final polishing with a biofilter was tested in an experimental farm. Water quality was maintained at relatively good level at the cultivating pond after 120-day growing period. The growing facilities continued to show good performances after 4 growing cycles with a 2-week rest period between each cycle. Similar system was installed at a 26-hectare farm site having several ponds with sizes varying from 0.7 to 2.5 hectares. No disease outbreak was encountered after the installation of the treatment and recycling facilities.

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Haider, MN, M. Faridullah, MN Islam i M. Kamal. "Survey on the Present Status of Infrastructure and Quality Management System in Golda Farms and Depots of Selected Area". Progressive Agriculture 19, nr 2 (11.11.2013): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16959.

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Post harvest qualitative and quantitative changes have been studied in an important crustacean species prawn, Golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) of Bangladesh at various stages of handling Golda have been studied. Detailed information on post-harvest handling, storage, transportation, and distribution of prawn using pre-tested questionnaires was collected from some selected farms and depots of four Golda producing districts viz. Khulna, Bagerhat, Jessore and Norail area. The information on various aspects was collected through interview with cross section of people engaged in farms and depots. The aspects of information collected on Golda farms were: farm conditions, infrastructure, harvesting, farm production, post-harvest care, transportation and quality measures. Information collected on various aspects of depots was: infrastructure facilities, condition of shrimp during receiving, handling, transportation, washing and owners opinion about the quality of prawn from previous year experiences. The post-harvest losses of Golda is due to soft shell, improper washing or washing with unclean water, longer duration of harvesting, exposure of shrimp at high ambient temperature for a long time (delayed icing), contamination, piled up on a dirty floor, general lack of hygiene and dipping in water to weight gain was about 1-4% of the total harvested quantity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16959 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 177 - 186, 2008

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Jang, Gwang Il, Bo Seong Kim, Su Mi Kim, Yun Kyeong Oh, Jae Ok Kim, Jee Youn Hwang, Soon Jeong Lee, Sung Youl Hong i Mun Gyeong Kwon. "Detection of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus (MrNV) of White Tail Disease (WTD) in Apparently Healthy Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Korea". Fishes 7, nr 5 (19.10.2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050294.

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White tail disease (WTD) is caused by the Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and an extra-small virus (XSV). MrNV belongs to the Nodaviridae family. While the role of XSV in the pathogenicity of WTD remains unclear, MrNV is considered to be a significant factor in the disease. To study WTD infection in giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), adult and post-larval (PL) prawns were collected from three giant freshwater prawn farms in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea in 2021. Although the adult and PL prawns did not display any gross signs of WTD, MrNV was detected in both adult and PL in this study. However, XSV was not detected in both prawns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the capsid protein gene sequences of MrNV obtained in this study were robustly clustered with the MrNV group, and were clearly distinguished from Alphanodavirus and Betanodavirus groups of the family Nodaviridae. Although Zenker’s necrosis and myolysis were observed histopathologically in the abdominal striated muscle of adult and PL prawns, no gross signs associated with white tail were observed because of local lesions.

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Ahmed, Nesar, Edward H. Allison i James F. Muir. "Rice fields to prawn farms: a blue revolution in southwest Bangladesh?" Aquaculture International 18, nr 4 (27.06.2009): 555–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10499-009-9276-0.

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Selvam, Deborah Gnana, K. M. Mujeeb Rahiman i A. A. Mohamed Hatha. "An Investigation into Occasional White Spot Syndrome Virus Outbreak in Traditional Paddy Cum Prawn Fields in India". Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/340830.

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A yearlong (September 2009–August 2010) study was undertaken to find out possible reasons for occasional occurrence of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) outbreak in the traditional prawn farms adjoining Cochin backwaters. Physicochemical and bacteriological parameters of water and sediment from feeder canal and four shrimp farms were monitored on a fortnightly basis. The physicochemical parameters showed variation during the two production cycles and between the farms studied. Dissolved oxygen (DO) content of water from feeder canal showed low oxygen levels (as low as 0.8 mg/L) throughout the study period. There was no disease outbreak in the perennial ponds. Poor water exchange coupled with nutrient loading from adjacent houses resulted in phytoplankton bloom in shallow seasonal ponds which led to hypoxic conditions in early morning and supersaturation of DO in the afternoon besides considerably high alkaline pH. Ammonia levels were found to be very high in these ponds. WSSV outbreak was encountered twice during the study leading to mass mortalities in the seasonal ponds. The hypoxia and high ammonia content in water and abrupt fluctuations in temperature, salinity and pH might lead to considerable stress in the shrimps triggering WSSV infection in these traditional ponds.

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Alam, Md Mehedi, Kishor Kumar Tikadar, Neaz A. Hasan, Rabeya Akter, Abul Bashar, A. K. Shakur Ahammad, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Md Rushna Alam i Mohammad Mahfujul Haque. "Economic Viability and Seasonal Impacts of Integrated Rice-Prawn-Vegetable Farming on Agricultural Households in Southwest Bangladesh". Water 14, nr 17 (4.09.2022): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172756.

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Integrated aquaculture is an efficient method to address food scarcity and land resources. This study analysed the impacts of integrated rice–prawn–vegetable farms (RPVF) compared with conventional rice farms (CRF) on farming households in southwest Bangladesh, in terms of cropping pattern, financial profitability and viability, and cash-flow. Data were collected through face-to-face recall interviews from farmers of CRF and RPVF. For RPVF, farmers cultivated diverse produce in the wet season, such as prawn/shrimp, carps in reservoirs and vegetables on dikes, and boro rice with vegetables in the dry season, whereas only rice was cultivated in both seasons for CRF. The annual hectare−1 net revenue from integrated RPVF was USD 2742.7, 3.6 times higher than for CRF (USD 756.6). RPVF had a higher undiscounted benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 1.58 as compared with 1.34 for CRF. Net Present Value (NPV) and discounted BCR show that the integrated RPVF has higher potential and profitability than CRF. Year-round vegetable production and selling have resulted in a smooth cash-flow in integrated RPVF. Authorised extension agencies, such as the Department of Fisheries and Department of Agricultural Extension collaboratively can promote RPVF in other potential parts of Bangladesh, through which farmers can benefit year after year by investing farm income for the same farm and envisage food security.

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Mirera, David O. "Small-scale milkfish (Chanos chanos) farming in Kenya: An overview of the trends and dynamics of production". Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 18, nr 2 (10.10.2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v18i2.2.

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A number of donor-funded projects by NGOs, government departments and faith-based organizations have piloted milkfish farming along the coast of Kenya at different scales with the aim of addressing poverty and food security at the community level. This paper provides an overview of the history of milkfish farming, organisation of operations, funding, farmers trends, and production dynamics, using both secondary and primary data. Primary data were obtained from quantitative and qualitative assessments covering 26 community milkfish farming groups, while secondary data were obtained from the grey literature and donor-funded project reports. Additional primary data were obtained through 9 key informant interviews covering three coastal Counties, and focus group discussions (8-10 members) at all the community milkfish farms. The study established that milkfish farming could be traced back to the early 1980’s as a by-product of the prawn farming intervention by FAO, and later in other private farms that practised prawn farming. Community/village based small-scale milkfish farming was initiated about two decades ago using organised community groups (OCGs) as the entry point. The number of OCGs undertaking milkfish farming fluctuated with availability of donor funds and increased significantly between 2007 and 2015 with an increase in earthen pond farming area from 0.9ha to 6.8ha over this period. However, the scale of production remained low. Annual milkfish production increased from less than 50kg in 2005 to a maximum of 3.2 tons in 2015. Milkfish farming has not attained production levels that can address poverty and food security issues; a fact that was associated with the lack of reliable milkfish seed for stocking culture facilities. Harvests from existing farms are sold at the farm gate and in nearby market centres with a few communities venturing into opening fish shop outlets to sell their produce.

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Halide, Halmar, Peter V. Ridd, Eric L. Peterson i David Foster. "Assessing sediment removal capacity of vegetated and non-vegetated settling ponds in prawn farms". Aquacultural Engineering 27, nr 4 (kwiecień 2003): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(03)00002-5.

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Primavera, J. Honculada, C. R. Lavilla-Pitogo, J. M. Ladja i M. R. Dela Peña. "A survey of chemical and biological products used in intensive prawn farms in the Philippines". Marine Pollution Bulletin 26, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(93)90595-b.

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Izquierdo-Gomez, D., P. Sanchez-Jerez, J. T. Bayle-Sempere, N. J. Loader i C. Garcia de Leaniz. "Effects of coastal fish farms on body size and isotope composition of wild penaeid prawn". Fisheries Research 172 (grudzień 2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2015.06.017.

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Bhowmick, B., i M. Crumlish. "AQUACULTURE HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND BIOSECURITY PRACTISES IN SOUTH WEST OF BANGLADESH". Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 14, nr 2 (3.02.2017): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v14i2.31407.

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Bangladesh is now the world fourth largest inland fish producer and more than half of it comes from aquaculture according to 2012 ranking. The shrimp and prawn industry has gained an important place in the national economy and is the third highest foreign income earner. Concomitant with the growth of the shrimp and prawn culture industry has been the recognition of the ever increasing importance of disease, especially those caused by infectious agents. Few studies have aimed to identify the perception of risk and risk management strategies for small scale aquaculture facilities. The aim of this study was to understand existing health management practices in regards to water management practices and salinity in southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. Questionnaires were specifically designed to gather information on shrimp and prawn culture systems and multiple variables relating to disease outbreaks. A total of eight variables related to health management practices throughout production cycle were investigated comprising location of farm from primary source of water, pond preparation technique, water management practices, in-pond nursing of post larvae (PL), source of PL, salinity level, stocking density and bio security practices. The results found that sharing of water source with other farms, non tested PL, high salinity level, shallow pond, lack of in-pond nursing were considered as diseases risk factors for poly-culture farming system. Furthermore, rainy season (June-August) is risk factors for diseases outbreak because sudden change of salinity level and drop temperature due to rain and freshwater upstream flow. However, risk factors are not direct causes of mortality; instead, risk factors contribute to mortality.

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Haider, MN, M. Faridullah, MS Reza, MF Hossain, M. Kamal i MN Islam. "Quality Assessment of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Ice Storage Condition Collected from Selected Farms and Depots". Progressive Agriculture 22, nr 1-2 (26.09.2013): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16476.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the quality changes in an important crustacean species giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (locally called golda) at various stages of handling. The samples under study were obtained from farms and depots of four golda producing districts viz. Khulna, Bagerhat, Jessore and Norial area by determining organoleptic and biochemical aspects. The golda samples stored in ice immediately after harvest were in acceptable condition for seven days after harvesting period while the samples obtained from depots from all stations were in acceptable condition for 4 days only. There was a large fall of protein solubility and ATPase activity in all the samples obtained from farms and depots. The fall of solubility and ATPase activity was faster in samples obtained from depots compared to the samples obtained from farm immediately after harvest. The large fall of protein solubility and ATPase activity of samples indicated the denaturation of protein during ice storage.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16476 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 139-149, 2011

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Munro, J., R. Callinan i L. Owens. "Gill-associated virus and its association with decreased production of Penaeus monodon in Australian prawn farms". Journal of Fish Diseases 34, nr 1 (1.12.2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01209.x.

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Dasgupta, Siddhartha, i James H. Tidwell. "A Breakeven Price Analysis of Four Hypothetical Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Farms Using Data from Kentucky". Journal of Applied Aquaculture 14, nr 1-2 (grudzień 2003): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j028v14n01_01.

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Smith, Paul T. "Physical and chemical characteristics of sediments from prawn farms and mangrove habitats on the Clarence River, Australia". Aquaculture 146, nr 1-2 (październik 1996): 47–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(96)01361-0.

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Hashmi, Mohammad Iqbal, Saleem Mustafa i Shabbir Ahmad Tariq. "Heavy metal concentrations in water and tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) from grow-out farms in Sabah, North Borneo". Food Chemistry 79, nr 2 (listopad 2002): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(02)00123-1.

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LIMA, Jô de Farias, Jamile da Silva GARCIA i Marcos TAVARES. "Foregut morphology of Macrobrachium carcinus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)". Acta Amazonica 46, nr 2 (czerwiec 2016): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201501214.

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ABSTRACT Macrobrachium carcinus is a Brazilian native prawn with recognized potential for use in aquaculture activities. The aim of this study was to describe and illustrate in detail the morphology of the M. carcinus foregut. The foregut comprises the mouth, esophagus and stomach. It is lined by a simple cylindrical epithelium overlain by chitinous cuticle. The cardiac chamber is well supplied with muscles and lined with chitin thickened in places to form a complex, articulating set of ossicles. The ossicles and setae inside the cardiac chamber seem to direct the food movement through the cardiac chamber and sort the food according to particle size as digestion takes place. Twenty-one basic ossicles were observed in the stomach ofM. carcinus and are divided into seven categories, reflecting their presumed functional roles. The significance of these morphological features is discussed in terms of its implication in feeding management that can support future commercial farms of this important fishery resource.

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Chandra, KJ, AR Chowdhury i DR Das. "Shrimp Culture Practices at Farmers Level in Bagerhat District". Progressive Agriculture 21, nr 1-2 (1.11.2013): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16766.

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A study was conducted on culture practices of shrimp at farmers level in Bagerhat District. Investigation was based on a sample of 123 shrimp farmers from the seven Thanas (Fakirhat, Mollahat, Sadar, Rampal, Mongla, Chitalmari and Kachua) of the District, 73.17% farmers produced shrimp with white fishes. Farmers (54.47%) started to culture during 2000-2004 in this area. The culture period was typically four months for bagda and six to seven months for golda. Hatchery PL are stocked mainly in May to June for prawn and from late March for bagda. The average stocking density of shrimp PL golda and bagda was 24.16 and 12.16 thousand/ha in the farms. Varieties of feeds such as cooked rice, fishmeal, oilcake and snail muscle were used for shrimp culture. Mainly virus disease was responsible for the great loss of shrimp in this area. About 46.34% of the surveyed farms faced a huge damage due to WSBV. The average bagda and golda production was 350.37 kg and 428.08 kg/ha/year. Long term sustainability of shrimp farming facing problems due to lack of money, poor supply of good quality PL, lack of technical knowledge, higher production costs and poor institutional support. It might be however, necessary to establish shrimp hatcheries and provide training facilities, extension service, institutional and policy support to the farmers with the help of DoF and NGOs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16766 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 173 - 185, 2010

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Mahmud, Hasan, Md Afzalur Rahaman, Subrata Hazra i Shariar Ahmed. "IoT Based Integrated System to Monitor the Ideal Environment for Shrimp Cultivation with Android Mobile Application". European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science 3, nr 1 (8.02.2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/compute.2023.3.1.89.

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Bangladeshi shrimp aquaculture has shown to be successful and efficient at earning foreign cash. The country covers 147570 square kilometers, 17% of which is roughly made up of coastal brackish water. Shrimp farming is thought to be more favorable in this larger coastal tide area, and 0.276 million hectares of land are being used for brackish water shrimp farming. The coastal area offers the best prospects for shrimp and prawn cultivation for two key reasons. The mangrove ecosystems' distinctive biodiversity is the first justification, and a shrimp-friendly habitat is the second. A large number of fishing vessels are sent out into the seas in order to mine shrimp which is undoubtedly considered a challenging job. Therefore, growing shrimp in tanks, especially in tropical regions, is more sensible for farmers. In this paper, we have developed an IoT-based solution that connects devices to collect data on shrimp farms, and sensing equipment and then sends it to a distant server to analyze and generate decisions. This smart farm offers real-time agriculture monitoring. The main components of the system are three embedded sensors to assess the temperature, turbidity, and light that impact the quality of the water. The system also incorporates of an android-based mobile application that facilitates farmers with remote monitoring capabilities to keep track of sensor readings, manage the shrimp production cycle, and check on the health of shrimp from different farms.

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Qiu, Liang, Xing Chen, Ruo-Heng Zhao, Chen Li, Wen Gao, Qing-Li Zhang i Jie Huang. "Description of a Natural Infection with Decapod Iridescent Virus 1 in Farmed Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii". Viruses 11, nr 4 (17.04.2019): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11040354.

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Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a valuable freshwater prawn in Asian aquaculture. In recent years, a new symptom that was generally called “white head” has caused high mortality in M. rosenbergii farms in China. Samples of M. rosenbergii, M. nipponense, Procambarus clarkii, M. superbum, Penaeus vannamei, and Cladocera from a farm suffering from white head in Jiangsu Province were collected and analyzed in this study. Pathogen detection showed that all samples were positive for Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1). Histopathological examination revealed dark eosinophilic inclusions and pyknosis in hematopoietic tissue, hepatopancreas, and gills of M. rosenbergii and M. nipponense. Blue signals of in situ digoxigenin-labeled loop-mediated isothermal amplification appeared in hematopoietic tissue, hemocytes, hepatopancreatic sinus, and antennal gland. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed a large number of DIV1 particles with a mean diameter about 157.9 nm. The virogenic stromata and budding virions were observed in hematopoietic cells. Quantitative detection with TaqMan probe based real-time PCR of different tissues in naturally infected M. rosenbergii showed that hematopoietic tissue contained the highest DIV1 load with a relative abundance of 25.4 ± 16.9%. Hepatopancreas and muscle contained the lowest DIV1 loads with relative abundances of 2.44 ± 1.24% and 2.44 ± 2.16%, respectively. The above results verified that DIV1 is the pathogen causing white head in M. rosenbergii. M. nipponense and Pr. clarkii are also species susceptible to DIV1.

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Tayaban, Kuselah Mae M., Katherine L. Pintor i Pierangeli G. Vital. "Detection of potential harmful algal bloom-causing microalgae from freshwater prawn farms in Central Luzon, Philippines, for bloom monitoring and prediction". Environment, Development and Sustainability 20, nr 3 (29.03.2017): 1311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9942-8.

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Cheng, Wenzhi, Heqian Zhang, Panpan Wang, Yiming Wei, Chuanxi Chen, Yiling Hou, Xiaojie Deng i in. "The Multiple Influences of Natural Farming Environment on the Cultured Population Behavior of Kuruma Prawn, Penaeus japonicus". Animals 12, nr 23 (1.12.2022): 3383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233383.

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Recent years have witnessed a tremendous development in shrimp farming around the world, which, however, has raised a variety of issues, possibly due to a lack of knowledge of shrimp behavior in farms. This study focused on the relationship between shrimp behavior and the various factors of natural farming environment through situ surveys, as distinguished from the majority of laboratory studies on shrimp behavior. In the survey, the behaviors of kuruma prawn (Penaeus japonicus) were investigated in the groups of swimming in the water, crawling on the sand, resting on the sand, and hiding in the sand, followed by the quantification of the sex ratio, water quality, density, and light intensity. The results showed the average proportions of resting, hiding, crawling, and swimming activities of 69.87%, 20.85%, 8.24%, and 1.04%, respectively, of P. japonicus. The behavior of hiding, resting, and crawling is significantly affected by the sex ratio of the shrimp (p < 0.05). The proportions of hiding behavior exhibited a negative connection with density and a positive connection with light intensity, while the proportions of resting behavior showed the opposite according to both Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The light intensity was the only factor that significantly influenced the swimming behavior, in which the probability of the swimming behavior was reduced from 48% to 5% when light intensity varied from 0 to 10 lx, as determined by the generalized linear model. It could be speculated that P. japonicus prefers a tranquil environment. Female shrimp might exhibit less aggression and more adventure compared to male shrimp. The findings suggested light intensity, followed by density, as the most crucial element influencing the behavior of P. japonicus in the culture environment. These findings will contribute to the comprehension of the behavior of P. japonicus and provide a novel perspective for the formulation of its culture management strategy.

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Paul, Monjit, Mukti Chanda, Joydev Maity, SupriyaSen Sen, BidhanChandra Patra i Gadadhar Dash. "The use of antibiotics and disinfectants in the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farms of north and south 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal". Chronicles of Young Scientists 2, nr 1 (2011): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2229-5186.79352.

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Rakhfid, Abdul, i Udin Mauga. "Growth and survival rate vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in various doses of fertilizer and density". Akuatikisle: Jurnal Akuakultur, Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil 2, nr 2 (25.11.2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.akuatikisle.2.2.53-59.

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Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a commodity that is expected to not only increase options for farmers but also sustain the rise of shrimp farming business in Indonesia. One important factor in shrimp farming is the availability of feed. In addition to the availability of natural feed during cultivation, stocking density is also very influential in the survival rate and growth of shrimp vannamei. The research was conducted in September-December 2016 farms Bonea Village District of Lasalepa Muna with Test the different dosages with different stocking density. The study used a Random Group Factorial, which is based fertilization (Factor A) with three levels and stocking density (Factor B) as many as three levels, each with three replications so that all 27 units experimental unit. The results showed that the combination of factors dose of 0.7 g of urea + 0.9 g TSP and stocking density factor of 10 individuals per container provides prawn post larvae growth vannamei most excellent and a combination of factors Urea fertilizer dosage of 0.9 g TSP + 1.1 g and stocking density factor of 20 individuals per container provides a survival rate of post larvae vannamei most good. Water quality media for research in the range that is optimal for the growth and survival of post larvae vannamei.

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Mmanda, Francis P., Jan Erik Lindberg, Anna N. Haldén i Torbjorn Lundh. "Mineral content in local feed ingredients used by fish farmers in four different regions of Tanzania". Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 18, nr 2 (10.10.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v18i2.1.

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This study investigated the content of selected minerals (P, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe and I) in local feed ingredients used by tilapia fish farmers in Tanzania. Analyses were performed on 26 local feed ingredients collected at four different geographical locations in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, Mbeya and Mwanza). The samples were taken randomly from fish farmers, fish feed producers, fingerling producers and animal feed shops or centers near fish farms in each region. The results showed a wide range of mineral concentrations. The highest levels of P was found in fish skeletons (17.8 g kg-1), of Ca in limestone (107.3 g kg-1), of K in gallant soldier (51.0 g kg-1), of Na in marine shrimp (Exhippolysmata oplophoroides) (11.7 g kg-1), of Mg in prawn head waste (4.2 g kg-1), of Fe in azolla (2355 mg kg-1) and of I in full fat soybean (447 mg kg-1). The data on mineral content in feed ingredients can be used as a platform for better-targeted feed formulation for tilapia farming systems. In conclusion, the data suggest that if more than two ingredients are used in the diet, this may be sufficient to meet the mineral requirements of all cultured tilapia species and their hybrids, without inclusion of any mineral premix.

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Sheng, Qiang, Qiongying Tang, Zhenglong Xia, Miaoying Cai, Salifu Ibrahim i Guoliang Yang. "Effects of Pond Water Depth and Method of Aeration on Phytoplankton Communities in Macrobrachium rosenbergii Farming Ponds". Aquaculture Research 2023 (7.02.2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2781058.

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Recently, profitable Macrobrachium rosenbergii farming has developed rapidly in Asia. The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms is one of the major environmental problems usually encountered in freshwater prawn farms. This study investigated the effects of pond water depth and aeration mode on phytoplankton communities in selected M. rosenbergii farming ponds in China. We adjusted pond water depth and aeration mode (pond water depth: 1.2 m or 1.8 m; method of aeration: surface or both surface and bottom) to compare and analyze phytoplankton community structure and characteristics between ecological (pond water depth: 1.8 m, both surface and bottom aeration) and traditional (pond water depth: 1.2 m, surface aeration) farming ponds. Water quality parameters were compared in six aquaculture systems, which were measured in situ or lab. The results showed that ecological culture suppressed Cyanophyta abundance and significantly increased the numbers of phytoplankton species leading to a 30.43–136.84% increase in the number of species for ecological ponds compared with that in traditional ponds. In all seasons, ecological culture tended to have decreased total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, and significantly lower total phosphorus and reactive phosphate compared with traditional ponds. In conclusion, ponds should maintain deeper water depth (1.8 m) and higher N/P ratio (>3) to promote phytoplankton diversity and suppress blooms; applying optimized culture may resolve planktonic algae problems in aquaculture ponds in Asia.

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Islam, MR, MM Rahman i MM Haque. "Strength and weakness of existing traceability system of seafood production in Bangladesh". Progressive Agriculture 28, nr 2 (9.08.2017): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v28i2.33477.

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Gher farming with shrimp and prawn (seafood) is blooming in the south-west region of Bangladesh, impacting positively on household level nutritional security, employment generation and foreign currency earning. Such positive impacts increased the importance of seafood production and trade to the international market from Bangladesh. Out of several food safety requirement of international market, seafood traceability is a key issue for Bangladeshi producers. To develop a traceability system about 200,000 gher farmers were registered by DoF with the support of UNIDO project and a paper based traceability system was developed since 2009. This study was designed to understand existing traceability system, trend of gher ownership changes and its impact on the traceability in term of its strength and weakness. Three gher farming clusters in three upazilas of Bagerhat district were selected to carry out this study to assess the facts above using focus group discussion, key informant interview, questionnaire survey, physical observation, and literature review. The micro-level observation on the gher and its ownership changes were critically analyzed taking the Google Earth images from the farming cluster in the selected upazilas. The study revealed that gher farming has huge positive impacts on total farm productivity, income, and farmers well-being however, land ownership changes impacting negatively on existing traceability of farms. It was found that out of 167 ghers in three clusters, a massive change of gher ownership happened over the last 10 years. Under this situation existing traceability system cannot sustain for a long time. Therefore, land administration system should be brought under digital system and e-traceability needs to be implemented by the collaborative initiative of the Department of Fisheries and the Ministry of Land.Progressive Agriculture 28 (2): 156-166, 2017

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Romana-Eguia, Maria Rowena Robles, Mildred Patito Rutaquio, Reylan Caroscos Gutierrez i Nerissa Diaz Salayo. "Assessment of Tilapia–Freshwater Prawn Co-Culture Schemes in Tanks and Lake-Based Cages for Increased Farm Production". Sustainability 13, nr 24 (8.12.2021): 13574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413574.

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The technical viability of tilapia (I-ExCEL strain Nile or red) and giant freshwater prawn (GFP) co-culture in cages-within-tanks was evaluated while appropriate feeding protocols for tilapia-GFP co-culture in cages in a eutrophic lake were determined. Specifically, production parameters in all test species grown for five months in tank co-culture (where only tilapias were fed) were compared, while the best feeding protocol from among the following treatments: (a) Tfed—fed tilapias; (b) GFPfed—fed prawns and (c) T-GFPfed—both species fed, were defined. I-ExCEL Nile tilapias grew faster in tank co-culture whether reared singly or otherwise. However, red tilapia-GFP tank co-culture gave the best results considering key production traits in all test species (red tilapia —2.52%/day specific growth rate or SGR, 83.3% survival; GFP—1.17%/day SGR, 72.85% survival). Lake-based co-culture was technically feasible at stocking densities of 12.5/m2 for tilapia and 2.4 to 4/m2 for prawns even when only tilapias were fed; prawns grew to desired marketable sizes by thriving mainly on detritus and natural food organisms in the lake. However, further refinements can still be made to optimise the co-culture schemes to make them more sustainable and provide artisanal fish farmers options in increasing farm yields through multi-species aquaculture.

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Narodzonek, Anna. "Umowa dzierżawy nieruchomości gruntowej zawierana w związku z budową farmy fotowoltaicznej". Zeszyt Prawniczy UAM, nr 11 (15.12.2021): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/zpuam.2021.11.14.

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Zainteresowanie produkcją energii elektrycznej przy pomocy instalacji fotowoltaicznych zauważalnie zwiększa się. Aby było to możliwe, inwestor jest zobligowany do posiadania tytułu prawnego do nieruchomości, na której ma być posadowiona farma, co następuje poprzez zawarcie umowy dzierżawy nieruchomości gruntowej. Postanowienia takiej umowny w znaczący sposób różnią się od modelowych rozwiązań przyjętych w Kodeksie cywilnym i umacniają pozycję dzierżawcy względem wydzierżawiającego. W umowach dzierżawy zawieranych w tym celu znaleźć można postanowienia dotyczące zgody na zawarcie umowy poddzierżawy oraz przelew praw i obowiązków wynikający z umowy dzierżawy. Strony w umowie regulują także czyją własność stanowią urządzenia posadowione na nieruchomości oraz wyłączają zastosowanie ustawowego prawa zastawu przysługującego wydzierżawiającemu. Również postanowienia dotyczące czynszu dzierżawnego odbiegają od klasycznych postanowień umowy dzierżawy. Takie umocnienie pozycji dzierżawcy wynika między innymi z tego, że nie ingeruje on w znaczący sposób w stan nieruchomości, a po wygaśnięciu umowy dzierżawy, wydzierżawiający będzie mógł z niej korzystać.

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Rengasamy, Nandhakumar, Rajikkannu Muthaiyan, Raghu Paramasivam, Deva Arumugam, Baburajan Radha, Prabhakaran Krishnan i Masilamni Viveganandan. "A Study on the Therapeutic Ability of Gut Microbiota upon V. parahaemolyticus Infected Farm Prawn". International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine 2 (maj 2016): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.2.20.

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Glycogen content of the prawn muscles from the three groups showed increasing trend after 30 days of feed supplementation. In control animals recorded maximum of 2.2 mg/g, and inB. coagulanssupplemented animals it was 4.1 mg/g and 3.6 mg/g inB. firmussupplemented animals increase in glycogen content in relation with feed supplementation with probiotic bacteria was most prominent in prawns. The increase in alpha amylases content may be attributed to the influence of the probiotic strain which possess exoenzyme activity. Maximum colonies were found inB. firmussupplemented animals gut, 962 cfu after 30 days of feed supplementation. Similar trend wasobserved in intestinal microflora of all three groups after infection in the feed supplemented animals. The one way analysis of variance showed significant variation among feed supplementation and treatment. The one way analysis revealed thatB. coagulanssupplemented group recorded maximum glycogen followed byB. firmusand control groups. Maximum THB count was observed inB. firmussupplemented animals after infecting the animals withV.parahaemolyticus. Alpha amylase activity was maximum inB. firmussupplemented animals was recorded. Significant results could be observed in one way analysis of variance.

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Shao, Peng, Yueqin Chen, Hui Zhou, Lianghu Qu, Ying Ma, Heyang Li i Nianzhi Jiao. "Phylogenetic diversity of Archaea in prawn farm sediment". Marine Biology 146, nr 1 (17.08.2004): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1431-6.

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Stańko, Marek. "The issue of diversification of farms (agricultural holdings) in Poland". Studia Iuridica Agraria 8 (2010): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/sia.2010.08.10.

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Vigneswaran, S., H. H. Ngo i K. L. Wee. "Effluent recycle and waste minimization in prawn farm effluent". Journal of Cleaner Production 7, nr 2 (marzec 1999): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(98)00048-1.

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Nahid, SAA, PJG Henriksson i MA Wahab. "Value-chain analysis of freshwater apple snail (Pila globosa) used for on-farm feeds in the freshwater prawn farming sector in Bangladesh". International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 3, nr 2 (2.02.2014): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17840.

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Growth of the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) sector in Bangladesh since 1970s has been supported by natural availability of freshwater apple snail (Pila globosa), used for on-farm prawn feeds. The present study identified the current configuration of the value-chain benefits and constraints of freshwater apple snail in south-western Bangladesh in August 2011, based upon Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA) approach. The site of snail collection was Chanda Beel in Gopalganj district, while trading, processing and final consumption was represented by Rayer Mahal Bazar in Khulna district. There were seven different nodes recognized throughout the value chain. Snail marketing was identified as a seasonal business and took place during June to November each year. Between 1995 and 2011 the price of whole snail, meat and shell has increased by 800%, 325% and 315%, respectively. The abundance of snail had been reduced and its demand has increased due to the expansion of the prawn farming industry. Prawn farmers preferred snail meat due to its low cost (US$ 0.21 kg-1) as a source of protein compared to commercial prawn feed (US$ 0.41 kg-1). Snail harvesting and processing were considered as additional livelihood options for the poor, where 60% of the labour involved in snail harvesting were women, and 95% the de-shelling workforce. Induced breeding in captivity and sustainable management in nature as well as development of commercial production of apple snails might reduce the pressure on ecosystems and positively contributed to the continued expansion of freshwater prawn farming in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17840 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 22-30, December, 2013

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and, G. Jeyasekaran, i S. Ayyappan. "Postharvest Microbiology of Farm-reared, Tropical Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium Rosenbergii)". Journal of Food Science 67, nr 5 (czerwiec 2002): 1859–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08736.x.

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Adamski, Marcin. "Zmiany w efektywności funkcjonowania gospodarstw wielkoobszarowych w Polsce w latach 2011-2013 a ich forma prawno-organizacyjna". Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 104, nr 2 (15.08.2017): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2017.104.2.11.

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The paper presents the results of the efficiency assessment of large farms using the Malmquista productivity index. Since this index is used to measure the effectiveness over time, the analysis was made for panel data from 2011 to 2013. The analyzed large farms were divided according to legal and organizational form into three groups: private equity companies, Agricultural Property Agency companies and agricultural cooperatives. It was found that in the analyzed period the average value of Malmquista index increased by 1.1%. Among the analyzed groups of farms, the APA companies were characterized by the lowest (-2%) and the private equity companies by the highest (2.4%) index for the years 2011-2013. The largest share of farms with a growing scale of productivity was observed in agricultural cooperatives (67%) and the lowest in the APA companies (61%).

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Niedziela, Julia. "Lokalizacja instalacji odnawialnych źródeł energii – aspekty prawne". Studia Iuridica, nr 86 (14.06.2021): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-86.13.

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The article analyses in detail legal regulations governing the location of wind and photovoltaic farms. It also describes the basic planning instruments adopted in Poland. The analysis includes the principles adopted in the so-called “Distance Law”, i.e. the principle of investment location based on the local spatial development plan, and the principle of minimum distance of a wind tourbine from residential buildings. Next, the decisions permitting the location of PV farm were described - the decision on development conditions and the decision on the location of a public purpose investment. The article identifies legal and factual problems related to the adoption of legal regulations and offers potential solutions.

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Truszkiewicz, Zygmunt. "The Right of Pre-emption of Agricultural Property and the Right of Pre-emption of Agricultural Farm". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 26, nr 1 (3.10.2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2017.26.1.55.

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Ma, Ying, Lin Wang i Lumin Qian. "Community structure of β-Proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in prawn farm sediment". Progress in Natural Science 18, nr 6 (czerwiec 2008): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.01.013.

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Shil, Jadobendro, Alokesh Kumar Ghosh i S. M. Bazlur Rahaman. "Abundance and diversity of zooplankton in semi intensive prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farm". SpringerPlus 2, nr 1 (2013): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-183.

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Spillman, C. M., J. R. Hartog, A. J. Hobday i D. Hudson. "Predicting environmental drivers for prawn aquaculture production to aid improved farm management". Aquaculture 447 (październik 2015): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.02.008.

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Lalitha, K. V., i P. K. Surendran. "Microbiological changes in farm reared freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) in ice". Food Control 17, nr 10 (październik 2006): 802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.05.005.

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Wasilewski, Mirosław. "Problematyka zapasów według prawa bilansowego i międzynarodowych standardów rachunkowości". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55 (26.03.2005): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2005.55.7.

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The paper presents accountant solutions concerning reserves according to the accountancy law and IAS-2 "Reserves" and IAS-41 "Agriculture". In accordance with the accountancy law accountants have to identify borne cost connected with run activity according to its usefulness, profitability and presenting information in the financial account. Solutions concerning recording and reserves valuation are strictly defined in the accountancy law, what is to a large extent coherent with solutions in IAS-2 "Reserves". Introducing IAS-41 "Agriculture" enabled to specify better solutions concerning reserves in agricultural farms. In that scope in agricultural enterprises far-reaching simplifications are applied. Reserves influence the assessment of the structure of firm's property, as well as the financial liquidity. The scope of recording of economic events connected with reserves could be limited and simplified by introducing reserves managing according to the conception "just in time".

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Suchoń, Aneta. "Spółdzielczość rolnicza we Francji i Niemczech – wybrane zagadnienia prawne i ekonomiczne". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), nr 4 (28.12.2018): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.133.

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France and Germany are examples of countries where agriculture is an important part of the economy, there is a large number of farms and the cooperative movement is very popular. In the European Union there are over 22 thousand agricultural cooperatives. The article presents statistical data and legal regulations concerning agricultural cooperatives in France and Germany, in particular, the French Code Rural and the German Genossenschaftsgesetz. In conclusion the author states that the Polish legislature, creating a new model of cooperative law, should unquestionably draw on the experience and some legal solutions implemented in Germany and France, and in particular introduce a broad definition of agricultural cooperatives, a simplified procedure of their formation and functioning, financial instruments, including tax, and rules on merging cooperatives with other cooperative entities or companies.

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Rahman, Ashfaqur, Mingze Xi, Joel Janek Dabrowski, John McCulloch, Stuart Arnold, Mashud Rana, Andrew George i Matt Adcock. "An integrated framework of sensing, machine learning, and augmented reality for aquaculture prawn farm management". Aquacultural Engineering 95 (listopad 2021): 102192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2021.102192.

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