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Huang, Yao, Gang Qin i Weiqun Liu. "Self-Adaptive Pendulum-Ball Switches for Piezoelectric Synchronous-Extraction Circuits". Micromachines 13, nr 4 (28.03.2022): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13040532.
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Electronic synchronous switches are usually used to enhance the performance of piezoelectric energy-extraction circuits, but the electronic components leading to additional power consumption are not desired for energy extraction. In view of the advantage of mechanical switches without power consumption, this article proposed a synchronous-switch circuit which can adapt to the amplitude of a cantilever-beam-vibration generator with less energy loss. This mechanical switch consists of two pendulum balls and two buffer springs. This switch mechanism can automatically adapt to the cantilever-displacement amplitude, control the closing and opening of switches with the decrease in phase advance angle, and increase in energy-extraction efficiency. Different from previous adaptive mechanical switches, this unique pendulum-ball mechanism can not only reduce the weight and volume of the generator to improve the energy density, but can also simply adjust the pendulum length to achieve better harvesting performance. It is verified experimentally that the adaptive mechanical switch can close and open automatically under different cantilever amplitudes and excitation frequencies; the results show that the optimal power of the proposed circuit can reach 4.2 times that of the standard circuit. In order to further optimize the adaptive mechanical switch, the parameters of the swing-ball mechanism affecting harvesting performance is analyzed.
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Jamshidpour, Ehsan, Slavisa Jovanovic i Philippe Poure. "Equivalent Two Switches and Single Switch Buck/Buck-Boost Circuits for Solar Energy Harvesting Systems". Energies 13, nr 3 (27.01.2020): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030583.
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In this paper, a comparative analysis has been presented of two equivalent circuits of non-isolated buck/buck-boost converters under synchronous control, used in a stand-alone Photovoltaic-battery-load system. The first circuit consists of two cascaded buck and buck-boost classical converters with two controllable switches. The buck converter is used to extract the maximum power of the Photovoltaic source, and the buck-boost converter is applied for the output voltage level control. The second circuit consists of a proposed converter with a single controllable switch. In both cases, the switching frequency is used to track the maximum power point and the duty ratio controls the output voltage level. Selected simulation results and experimental tests confirm that the two conversion circuits have identical behavior under synchronous control. This study shows that the single switch converter has a lower size and cost, but it is limited in the possible control strategy.
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Mishra, Brijendra, Vivek Singh Kushwah i Rishi Sharma. "MODELING OF HYBRID MOS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SWITCHED CAPACITOR FILTER USING SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, nr 2 (4.05.2020): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i2.2018.659.
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In digital integrated circuit architectures, transistors serve as circuit switches to charge and discharge capacitors to the required logic voltage levels. A transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It has been observed that the Scaling down of electronic device sizes has been the fundamental strategy for improving the performance of ultra-large-scale integrated circuits (ULSIs). Metaloxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have been the most prevalent electron devices for ULSI applications. A better device will be formed with the help of new technology, with high operating speed low and power consumption, which can be the future of electronics industry. A methodology for the electric simulation of MOS/SET hybrid circuits will be developed. As a result of this, a functional model for the single-electron transistor will obtain and Implement Switched Capacitor Filter with the help of designed hybrid MOS. The SET model can be easily coded in any hardware description language.
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Zou, Aicheng, Zhong Liu i Xingguo Han. "A Low-Power High-Efficiency Adaptive Energy Harvesting Circuit for Broadband Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester". Actuators 10, nr 12 (10.12.2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10120327.
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Existing piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting circuits require auxiliary power for the switch control module and are difficult to adapt to broadband piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters. This paper proposes a self-powered and low-power enhanced double synchronized switch harvesting (EDSSH) circuit. The proposed circuit consists of a low-power follow-up switch control circuit, reverse feedback blocking-up circuit, synchronous electric charge extraction circuit and buck-boost circuit. The EDSSH circuit can automatically adapt to the sinusoidal voltage signal with the frequency of 1 to 312.5 Hz that is output by the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. The switch control circuit of the EDSSH circuit works intermittently for a very short time near the power extreme point and consumes a low amount of electric energy. The reverse feedback blocking-up circuit of the EDSSH circuit can keep the transmission efficiency at the optimal value. By using a charging capacitor of 1 mF, the charging efficiency of the proposed EDSSH circuit is 1.51 times that of the DSSH circuit.
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Liu, Haili, Rui Hua, Yang Lu, Ya Wang, Emre Salman i Junrui Liang. "Boosting the efficiency of a footstep piezoelectric-stack energy harvester using the synchronized switch technology". Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, nr 6 (8.02.2019): 813–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19828512.
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In this article, the self-supported power conditioning circuits are studied for a footstep energy harvester, which consists of a monolithic multilayer piezoelectric stack with a force amplification frame to extract electricity from human walking locomotion. Based on the synchronized switch harvesting on inductance (SSHI) technology, the power conditioning circuits are designed to optimize the power flow from the piezoelectric stack to the energy storage device under real-time human walking excitation instead of a simple sine waveform input, as reported in most literatures. The unique properties of human walking locomotion and multilayer piezoelectric stack both impose complications for circuit design. Three common interface circuits, for example, standard energy harvesting circuit, series-SSHI, and parallel-SSHI, are compared in terms of their output power to find the best candidate for the real-time-footstep energy harvester. Experimental results show that the use of parallel-SSHI circuit interface produces 74% more power than the standard energy harvesting counterpart, while the use of series-SSHI circuit demonstrates a similar performance in comparison to the standard energy harvesting interface. The reasons for such a huge efficiency improvement using the parallel-SSHI interface are detailed in this article.
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Zhou, Han, Guoxu Liu, Jianhua Zeng, Yiming Dai, Weilin Zhou, Chongyong Xiao, Tianrui Dang, Wenbo Yu, Yuanfen Chen i Chi Zhang. "Recent Progress of Switching Power Management for Triboelectric Nanogenerators". Sensors 22, nr 4 (21.02.2022): 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041668.
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Based on the coupling effect of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as an emerging energy technology can effectively harvest mechanical energy from the ambient environment. However, due to its inherent property of large impedance, the TENG shows high voltage, low current and limited output power, which cannot satisfy the stable power supply requirements of conventional electronics. As the interface unit between the TENG and load devices, the power management circuit can perform significant functions of voltage and impedance conversion for efficient energy supply and storage. Here, a review of the recent progress of switching power management for TENGs is introduced. Firstly, the fundamentals of the TENG are briefly introduced. Secondly, according to the switch types, the existing power management methods are summarized and divided into four categories: travel switch, voltage trigger switch, transistor switch of discrete components and integrated circuit switch. The switch structure and power management principle of each type are reviewed in detail. Finally, the advantages and drawbacks of various switching power management circuits for TENGs are systematically summarized, and the challenges and development of further research are prospected.
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Rawi, Muhammad Shawwal Mohamad, Rahimi Baharom i Nur Hidayah Abdullah. "Simulation model of unity power factor uninterruptible power supply topology using single-phase matrix converter". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, nr 2 (1.06.2022): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp969-979.
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This paper presents a computer simulation model of the unity power factor uninterruptible power supply (UPS) topology using single-phase matrix converter (SPMC) that focuses on the switching integration for both rectifier and inverter operations. The proposed integrated switches capable of controlling the SPMC to operate as a rectifier operation to charge the DC battery during the normal operation and to switch the SPMC to operate as an inverter during power outage conditions continuously and instantaneously using a single power converter circuit. The use of a single power converter circuit can solve the typical UPS system that requires at least two separate power converter circuits, thus contributing to the higher power semiconductor losses and complicated control circuits. With the proposed circuit topology, it can improve the power density of the power electronics converter system resulting in low power losses. The active power filter (APF) function has been used to improve the supply current waveform to follow the shape of the sinusoidal reference current to be in phase with the supply voltage waveform, thus reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) level and improve the power factor. To verify the proposed operation, the selected simulation results are presented, and the proposed work has been done through the MATLAB/Simulink.
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Olowoleni, J. O., A. U. Adoghe, A. Ademola, A. O. Omadoye, A. F. Agbetuyi, H. E. Orovwode i C. O. Awosope. "Construction and Operation of an Electronic Automatic Transfer Switch (Ats)". Global Journal of Energy Technology Research Updates 2, nr 1 (1.04.2015): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-5818.2015.02.01.1.
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The inconsistency of power supply in Nigeria has been a major stumbling block to the advancement of her economy and as such it is an issue that requires immediate attention. Uninterrupted power supply is critical in so many applications especially in cases like hospital operations or financial transactions. This work was born out of the need to provide a cost effective and locally available way to automate the switching between various power sources. This issue can be addressed by implementing an Automatic transfer switch which automatically switches on a backup generator in the absence of the utility supply and transfers the load to the generator. The automatic transfer switch also switches off the backup generator and connects back to the utility supply when the power comes back. The circuitry consists of time delay integrated circuits and switching relays. The present effort is a prototype design to create an automatic transfer switch that can be used in an average Nigerian household because of its affordability and simplicity of operation.
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Xu, Baohe, Li Lu i Dawei Gong. "Research on Real-time Simulation of Power Electronic Circuits Based on Simscape". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2196, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2196/1/012025.
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Abstract In order to realize hardware-in-the-loop simulation of commonly used power electronic circuits, a method of joint simulation using Simcape and field programmable gate array (FPGA) is proposed. This article adopts a switch modeling method suitable for high-frequency characteristics, namely the switch function method. It effectively solves the problem of rigidity non-convergence in the modeling of the binary resistance method, as well as the transient error caused by the binary LC method when the system state is switched with the increase of the switching frequency, which reduces the simulation accuracy. Taking the single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit as an example, a Simscape model based on the state-space averaging method was established, and the HDL code was automatically generated using the Simscape HDL Workflow Advisor tool, and the hardware-in-the-loop simulation was completed with FPGA. Finally, the simulation results with Simulink comparison verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.
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Malmqvist, R., C. Samuelsson, A. Gustafsson, P. Rantakari, S. Reyaz, T. Vähä-Heikkilä, A. Rydberg, J. Varis, D. Smith i R. Baggen. "A K-Band RF-MEMS-Enabled Reconfigurable and Multifunctional Low-Noise Amplifier Hybrid Circuit". Active and Passive Electronic Components 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/284767.
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A K-band (18–26.5 GHz) RF-MEMS-enabled reconfigurable and multifunctional dual-path LNA hybrid circuit (optimised for lowest/highest possible noise figure/linearity, resp.) is presented, together with its subcircuit parts. The two MEMS-switched low-NF (higher gain) and high-linearity (lower gain) LNA circuits (paths) present 16.0 dB/8.2 dB, 2.8 dB/4.9 dB and 15 dBm/20 dBm of small-signal gain, noise figure, and 1 dB compression point at 24 GHz, respectively. Compared with the two (fixed) LNA subcircuits used within this design, the MEMS-switched LNA circuit functions show minimum 0.6–1.3 dB higher NF together with similar values ofP1 dBat 18–25 GHz. The gain of one LNA circuit path is reduced by 25–30 dB when the MEMS switch and active circuitry used within in the same switching branch are switched off to select the other LNA path and minimise power consumption.
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Li, Shuo, Nan Pan, Sen Gao i Lei Li. "Three State Output Module and Digital Switch Circuit Based on Threshold Memristor". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2395, nr 1 (1.12.2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2395/1/012021.
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Abstract A memristor is a new electronic device with small volumes and small fluctuations. As a two-terminal device, it is mainly characterized by non-volatility and nanoscale characteristic size. Memristors can also calculate and store at the same time, which has a broad application prospect in logic circuits. Traditional integrated circuit technology has been very mature. And CMOS technology has almost reached the limit of physical size. Compared with traditional circuit components, memristor devices are compatible with CMOS circuits with their fast computing speed, low power consumption, and small layout area. A three-state output module based on a threshold memristor is proposed. The structure includes an inverter, a PMOS tube, two NMOS tubes, and two threshold memristors. Compared with the traditional three-state gate which only uses CMOS technology, the circuit area required by the module is smaller and the overall power consumption is lower, which caters to the development trend of portable and low-power electronic devices. Then the digital switch circuit using this module is introduced, which provides a new idea for the data transmission circuit. The circuit and module are simulated and verified by LTspice software.
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Gupta, Kirti, Ranjana Sridhar, Jaya Chaudhary, Neeta Pandey i Maneesha Gupta. "New Low-Power Tristate Circuits in Positive Feedback Source-Coupled Logic". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/670508.
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Two new design techniques to implement tristate circuits in positive feedback source-coupled logic (PFSCL) have been proposed. The first one is a switch-based technique while the second is based on the concept of sleep transistor. Different tristate circuits based on both techniques have been developed and simulated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology parameters. A performance comparison indicates that the tristate PFSCL circuits based on sleep transistor technique are more power efficient and achieve the lowest power delay product in comparison to CMOS-based and the switch-based PFSCL circuits.
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Kim, Kyung Ki. "Power switch implementation for low voltage digital circuits". IEICE Electronics Express 10, nr 2 (2013): 20120757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.10.20120757.
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Edward, N., N. A. Shairi, Z. Zakaria, Tole Sutikno i I. D. Saiful Bahri. "Tunable function of feeding network and SPDT switch for WIMAX application". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, nr 3 (1.06.2019): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i3.pp1574-1580.
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<p>A tunable circuit that functions as a power divider and a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch is proposed in this paper. The power divider design was based on the conventional Wilkinson power divider (WPD). Since WPD design has wideband properties, a modification was made in the design to make it narrowband so that it will only work for WiMAX applications. Two shorted stubs were introduced in the transmission line of the output ports to encounter the mismatch when the function was switched to an SPDT switch. Rogers RO4350 (er = 3.48, h = 0.508mm) was used as a substrate material and copper (thickness = 0.035 mm) related to patch of this proposed design. When the circuit functioned as a power divider, the simulated result showed S11 < -16 dB, S12 > 3.97 dB, and S23 < -14 dB for both operating frequencies of 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz. On the other hand, when the circuit functioned as an SPDT switch and port 2 was in the ON state, the simulated result showed S11 < -35 dB, S12 > -1.1, S13 < -16 dB, and S23 < 18 dB for both operating frequencies of 2.5 and 3.5 GHz. The proposed design showed a good performance as a power divider and an SPDT switch, thus, it can be used for multifunctional microwave circuits.</p>
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Setiabudi, Agung, Hiroki Tamura i Koichi Tanno. "High Speed and Low Pedestal Error Bootstrapped CMOS Sample and Hold Circuit". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, nr 6 (1.12.2018): 4148. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4148-4156.
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<p>A new high speed, low pedestal error bootstrapped CMOS sample and hold (S/H) circuit is proposed for high speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed circuit is made up of CMOS transmission gate (TG) switch and two new bootstrap circuits for each transistor in TG switch. Both TG switch and bootstrap circuits are used to decrease channel charge injection and on-resistance input signal dependency. In result, distortion can be reduced. The decrease of channel charge injection input signal dependency also makes the minimizing of pedestal error by adjusting the width of NMOS and PMOS of TG switch possible. The performance of the proposed circuit was evaluated using HSPICE 0.18-m CMOS process. For 50 MHz sinusoidal 1 V peak-to-peak differential input signal with a 1 GHz sampling clock, the proposed circuit achieves 2.75 mV maximum pedestal error, 0.542 mW power consumption, 90.87 dB SNR, 73.50 SINAD which is equal to 11.92 bits ENOB, -73.58 dB THD, and 73.95 dB SFDR.</p>
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Ramsay, E., James Breeze, David T. Clark, A. Murphy, D. Smith, R. Thompson, Sean Wright, R. Young i A. Horsfall. "High Temperature CMOS Circuits on Silicon Carbide". Materials Science Forum 821-823 (czerwiec 2015): 859–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.821-823.859.
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This paper presents the characteristics and performance of a range of Silicon Carbide (SiC) CMOS integrated circuits fabricated using a process designed to operate at temperatures of 300°C and above. The properties of Silicon carbide enable both n-channel and p-channel MOSFETS to operate at temperatures above 400°C [1] and we are developing a CMOS process to exploit this capability [4]. The operation of these transistors and other integrated circuit elements such as resistors and contacts is presented across a temperature range of room temperature to +400°C. We have designed and fabricated a wide range of test and demonstrator circuits. A set of six simple logic parts, such as a quad NAND and NOR gates, have been stressed at 300°C for extended times and performance results such as propagation delay drive levels, threshold levels and current consumption versus stress time are presented. Other circuit implementations, with increased logic complexity, such as a pulse width modulator, a configurable timer and others have also been designed, fabricated and tested. The low leakage characteristics of SiC has allowed the implementation of a very low leakage analogue multiplexer showing less than 0.5uA channel leakage at 400°C. Another circuit implemented in SiC CMOS demonstrates the ability to drive SiC power switching devices. The ability of CMOS to provide an active pull up and active pull down current can provide the charging and discharging current required to drive a power MOSFET switch in less than 100ns. Being implemented in CMOS, the gate drive buffer benefits from having no direct current path from the power rails, except during switching events. This lowers the driver power dissipation. By including multiple current paths through independently switched transistors, the gate drive buffer circuit can provide a high switching current and then a lower sustaining current as required to minimize power dissipation when driving a bipolar switch.
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Belluomini, W., D. Jamsek, A. K. Martin, C. McDowell, R. K. Montoye, H. C. Ngo i J. Sawada. "Limited switch dynamic logic circuits for high-speed low-power circuit design". IBM Journal of Research and Development 50, nr 2.3 (marzec 2006): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.502.0277.
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Kubica, Marcin, Adam Opara i Dariusz Kania. "Logic Synthesis Strategy Oriented to Low Power Optimization". Applied Sciences 11, nr 19 (22.09.2021): 8797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198797.
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The article presents a synthesis strategy focused on low power implementations of combinatorial circuits in an array-type FPGA structure. Logic functions are described by means of BDD. A new form of the SWitch activity BDD diagram (SWBDD) is proposed, which enables a function decomposition to minimize the switching activity of circuits. The essence of the proposed idea lies in the proper ordering of the variables and cutting the diagram, ensuring the minimization of switching in the combination circuit. This article contains the results of experiments confirming the effectiveness of the developed concept of decomposition. They were performed on popular benchmarks using academic and commercial synthesis systems.
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Zhang, Wei. "Quantitative Analysis for Near-Field Characteristics of Converter Circuits". Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (luty 2011): 858–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.858.
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With the electric power industrial development, electric power device was abroad using as the core of switch converter. For a clear near-field characterization quantitative electromagnetic interference of converter circuits, this paper applied finite element method to analyze a Boost circuit. Transform topology structure of circuit and build corresponding entity finite element modeling. Quantitative analysis for different topology structure electromagnetic distributing and near-field characteristics, and it become clear that the distribution and the role of electromagnetic field of the circuit through the results. The objective of the analysis is to provide the principle and put a new way for the Layout and component design of the power electronic circuits, at the same time above research works make a foundation for further studying EMI problem of the power electronic devices and are of academically and application worthiness.
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Fauzi, F., U. Udom, M. E. Zaidi i N. A. A. Manaf. "Dual Outputs Switch Mode Power Supply (DOSMPS) Utilizing Forward Converter Topology". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2550, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2550/1/012024.
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Abstract Experimental works of dual, 5 volt DC outputs switch mode power supply (DOSMPS) is presented in this paper. To design, construct and evaluate the DOSMPS using forward converter topology are the objectives of this article. In this work, a 556 timer was picked as the pulse width modulator. The 556 timer was picked because it is widely used, cheap and capable of producing stable dual pulse width modulations. Since, this work targeted dual DC outputs, two forward converter circuits were built. However, switching frequencies at two transistors were controlled by only one 556 timer. The complete circuit of the DOSMPS consist of full bridge rectifier, smoothing capacitor, two high frequency transformers and two forward converter circuits. At the first stage of this work, the DOSMPS circuit was designed using Proteus software. Later, the complete DOSMPS circuit was constructed on two breadbroads after all of the electronic components and devices were available. Important parameters such as the input and output voltages and duty cycles were measured using digital oscilloscope and multimeter. Results from these measurements have shown that the designed circuit can convert single-phase 24 Vrms 50 Hz AC voltage input into dual and stable 5±0.1 V DC outputs. Also from this work, it was observed that, pulsed DC voltages with peak value of 2 V and frequency less than 20 kHz are sufficient in controlling the switching frequencies of both BJT transistors. This allows the regulation of the output voltage within the desired range. Analysis carried out after the measurements has shown close correlation between the theoretical and experimental results, where the calculated and measured switching frequencies had only deviated by 1.1%.
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Visin, N. H., B. T. Vlasenko i A. A. Sokolov. "IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE POWER CIRCUIT OF THE ELECTRIC TRAINS ЕР2Т AND ЕПЛ2Т". Science and Transport Progress, nr 32 (25.04.2010): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2010/13360.
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The transitional processes in shunt circuit of traction engines, which armatures and excitation windings are connected in non-conducting direction as to the flowing power current, are considered in this paper. The changes in the control circuits of braking switch and in the shunt power circuit of traction engines with additional mounting a resistor of 0.5 Ohm are proposed. All this modernization will allow increasing greatly the operation reliability of power circuit of ЭР2Т and ЕПЛ2Т electric locomotives during their service life.
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Mahmoudi, Parisa, Ashkan Mahmoudi i Esmaeil Najafiaghdam. "A Design of Thermo-Electrostatic Actuated Microelectromechanical Switch with Low Voltage and Fabrication Efforts". Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (listopad 2011): 3791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3791.
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Requirement of voltage up-converters due to high pull-in voltage is one of the main problems by merely electrostatic actuated Microelectromechanical system-based switches. Thermally actuated switches are another alternatives but with very high power dissipation. In this paper a low voltage switch is demonstrated, which uses a combined thermo-electrostatic actuator. The switch can be integrated with standard CMOS circuits without any up-converters. Thermally power dissipation for the switch is lower than just thermal actuators. The switching time is about 70µs and the maximal temperature of thermal actuator is lower than 150oC which cannot cause any longtime damage. Isolation and Insertion Loss quantities have been calculated to -25dB and -0.65dB at 20GHz from HFSS results respectively.
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Onoda, Junjiro. "Some Advances in Energy Recycling Semiactive Vibration Suppression". Advances in Science and Technology 56 (wrzesień 2008): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.56.345.
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This paper summarizes some studies performed by the author's group on energy-recycling semiactive vibration suppression using piezoelectric transducers embedded in the vibrating structures and shunted on switched inductive circuits. Basic idea of this method is to suppress the vibration by controlling the switch in the shunt circuit, which was first introduced by Richard C., et al. This idea has been upgraded by introducing (1) a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) control method for the switches in the shunt circuits, (2) a self-sensing method to estimate the state of structure from the voltage across the piezoelectric transducer, so that any additional sensors can be neglected, and (3) a self-powered shunt circuit that performs the semiactive vibration suppression without any power supply. Several numerical and experimental results showed that the method works well against transient, sinusoidal, and random multi-modal vibrations and suppresses the vibrations effectively. It was also shown that the method is very robust, and, with it, the system is always stable. Studies for various applications of this method are also discussed.
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Kwon, Bong Hyun, Sang-Hun Kim, Seok-Min Kim i Kyo-Beum Lee. "Fault Diagnosis of Open-Switch Failure in a Grid-Connected Three-Level Si/SiC Hybrid ANPC Inverter". Electronics 9, nr 3 (28.02.2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030399.
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A diagnostic method for an open-circuit switch failure in a hybrid active neutral-point clamped (HANPC) inverter is proposed in this paper. The switching leg of the HANPC inverter consists of four silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors and two silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors to achieve higher efficiency and power density compared to conventional neutral-point clamped inverters. When an open-circuit failure occurs in a switching device, the output current is severely distorted, causing damage to the inverter and the connected loads. The proposed diagnostic method aims to detect the open-switch failure and protect the related devices without additional sensors or circuits. The faulty conditions of six different switches are investigated based on the current distortion in the stationary reference frame. By analyzing the individual characteristic of each switch failure, it is possible to detect the exact location of the failed switch in a short period. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed fault-diagnostic method are verified using simulation and experimental results.
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Yoo, Jeong-Sang, Jong-Ok Baek i Tae-Young Ahn. "A High-Efficiency QR Flyback DC–DC Converter with Reduced Switch Voltage Stress Realized by Applying a Self-Driven Active Snubber (SDAS)". Energies 16, nr 3 (18.01.2023): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031068.
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In this paper, a QR flyback converter using a self-driven active snubber (SDAS) was proposed to solve the problem of voltage surge in the switch of QR flyback converters. In the proposed converter, the SDAS consisting of a clamping capacitor and an active switch can be configured in parallel with the main switch or transformer to reduce the voltage surge in the switch. To confirm the steady-state characteristics of the QR flyback converter to which the proposed SDAS is applied, equivalent circuits for each state were constructed, and the equations and characteristics for each state were determined. A 60 W class small AC–DC adapter was constructed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed converter and the control circuit method, and the experimental results were analyzed. The size of the experimental AC–DC adapter was 74×29×23 mm, and it had a high power density of 20 W/in3 or more. The experimental circuit was limited to the high power conversion efficiency of up to 91.56%, and the maximum voltage surge in the switch was approximately 450 V. One of the reasons for such high efficiency is the SDAS circuit, which sufficiently reduces the voltage surge of the QR flyback switch, compared with the RCD clamp circuit, and does not consume power in principle.
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HANGAI, Masatake, Kazuhiko NAKAHARA, Mamiko YAMAGUCHI i Morishige HIEDA. "High-Power Protection Switch Using Stub/Line Selectable Circuits". IEICE Transactions on Electronics E94-C, nr 5 (2011): 814–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e94.c.814.
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Sayed, Khairy, i Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil. "An Interleaved Two Switch Soft-Switching Forward PWM Power Converter with Current Doubler Rectifier". Electronics 11, nr 16 (15.08.2022): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162551.
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Forward converters have been broadly used in the power supply industry due to their simplicity, worthy efficiency, and low cost. A novel prototype soft-switched zero-voltage and zero-current ZVZC PWM DC-DC power converter with low voltage/current stresses is introduced for telecommunication power feeding in this paper. A new two-switch interleaved forward converter circuit is introduced to minimalize current circulation with no supplementary auxiliary snubber circuits. This converter circuit includes some outstanding benefits such as reduced components, improved efficiency, high power density and economic circuit configurations for high power conditioning applications. The simple operation principle is demonstrated on the basis of steady-state analysis. Furthermore, the effective feasibility of the proposed circuit topology is evaluated and verified practically for a 500 W–100 kHz prototype breadboard. The operation principle and steady-state characteristics are demonstrated from a theoretical point of view. To verify the practical effectiveness of the proposed power converter, a 500 W–100 kHz prototype converter using ultrafast IGBTs is implemented for a distributed telecommunication energy plant. The studied soft-switching converter is evaluated in comparison with the previously-proposed PWM converters in terms of voltage, current stresses, and operating efficiency.
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SARV, VELLO. "HARMONIC REDUCTION IN SINGLE-PHASE DIODE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS USING A SWITCH-CONTROLLED INDUCTOR". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 05, nr 04 (grudzień 1995): 813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126695000473.
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A novel design principle of a low-distorted single-phase rectifier using, instead of a time-variable transformer, an appropriate time-variable inductor is proposed and analyzed. Such a rectifier circuit contains a diode bridge, a switch-controlled current-shaping inductor, and a time-invariant smoothing capacitor. From the point of view of energy flow, the distortion reduction is based on the improvement of energy transfer and exchange processes. In the proposed circuit, the switch-controlled inductor realizes an appropriate controlled current source converting the active power of the second and other even harmonics into direct-current power. To implement the ideal undistorted rectification, continuous inductance variation is needed. Nevertheless, the suitable stepped variation of inductance enables us to synthesize diode rectifiers with the high power factor even using only the simplest diode switches.
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Jing, Tang, Daniel T. Chang i Chang Hao Zhao. "The MOSFET Model with an Anti-Parallel Diode as a Power Switch". Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (wrzesień 2011): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.32.
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In practice a MOSFET is anti-parallel with a diode. In the paper there is a method how to build its model. The model applies for the MOSFET works as a power switch. The model consists of two capacitors, a voltage-controlled switch and a diode. There is an example for the model building. The circuits including the model are simulated. The results prove that the electrical data of model equals basically its actual data. The model can help electrical engineers design circuits which uses MOSFET as a power switch. The model built only need the data of its manual. The merit is very suitable for electrical engineers.
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Srinivasulu, Avireni, i Madugula Rajesh. "ULPD and CPTL Pull-Up Stages for Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic". Journal of Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/595296.
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Two new structures for Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (DCVSL) pull-up stage are proposed. In conventional DCVSL structure, low-to-high propagation delay is larger than high-to-low propagation delay this could be brought down by using DCVSL-R. Promoting resistors in DCVSL-R structure increase the parasitic effects and unavoidable delay and it also occupies more area on the chip (Turker et al., 2011). In order to minimize these problems, a new Ultra-Low-Power Diode (ULPD) structures in place of resistors have been suggested. This provides the minimum parasitic effects and reduces area on the chip. Second proposed circuit uses Complementary Pass Transistor Logic (CPTL) structure, which provides complementary outputs. This contributes an alternate circuit for conventional DCVSL structure. The performances of the proposed circuits are examined using Cadence and the model parameters of a 180 nm CMOS process. The simulation results of these two circuits are compared and presented. These circuits are found to be suitable for VLSI implementation.
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Wojciechowski, Jacek, Juliusz Modzelewski, Jan Ogrodzki, Leszek Opalski i Krzysztof Zamłyński. "Computer-Aided Multi-Layer Design of Switch-Mode Power Circuits". International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 56, nr 3 (1.09.2010): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10177-010-0041-0.
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Computer-Aided Multi-Layer Design of Switch-Mode Power CircuitsSwitch-mode circuits are used as power processors, e.g. DC/DC converters, synchronous rectifiers, high-frequency resonant power amplifiers. Their efficient computer-aided design is a technical problem only partly resolved so far. This paper presents a multi-layer CAD methodology for switch-mode power circuits. It discusses several levels of modeling of switching devices. First rough design verification is feasible using ideal switch models. It gives a satisfactory first-cut design. Then full models and general-purpose tools provide more exact verification of the design. At this exact step the design procedure makes use of interactive improvement followed by automatic optimization of some quality based objective functions. The proposed methodology is shown to be especially useful for high power class-D voltage-switching resonant amplifiers, where the so far used experimental optimization is extremely cost consuming.
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Iqbal, Muhammad Naveed, Lauri Kütt, Bilal Asad, Toomas Vaimann, Anton Rassõlkin i Galina L. Demidova. "Time Dependency of Current Harmonics for Switch-Mode Power Supplies". Applied Sciences 10, nr 21 (4.11.2020): 7806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217806.
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This paper presents the time-dependent variance in the current harmonics emission by power supplies during power quality measurements. Power quality problems are becoming more significant with the adoption of power electronic-based circuits such as power supplies. The switch-mode power supplies are widespread as industrial, commercial, and domestic electrical loads. They draw non-sinusoidal current from the utility and inject current harmonics. Therefore, they are the reason for poor power quality and reduction in the power factor. The current harmonics emission from these power supplies depends on the circuit topology, operating conditions, and filter inside them. The harmonic emission estimations are critical for network operators; however, various uncertainties have made it a complicated task. The time-dependent stability affects the magnitude and phase angle of the harmonic current measurements and estimation of power quality indices. This paper investigates the variation in current harmonics emitted by the power supply during the initial unstable period under constant load and operating conditions.
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Ko, Ji Wang, i Woo Young Choi. "Monolithic-3D (M3D) Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Nanoelectromechanical (CMOS-NEM) Hybrid Reconfigurable Logic (RL) Circuits". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, nr 7 (1.07.2020): 4176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17790.
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Monolithic-three-dimensional (M3D) CMOS-nanoelectromechanical (CMOS-NEM) hybrid reconfigurable logic (RL) circuits are compared and analyzed with CMOS-only RL ones in the 130-nm CMOS technology node. M3D CMOS-NEM hybrid RL circuits are superior to CMOS-only ones in terms of power consumption and signal transfer speed thanks to the NEM memory switches. As well as in the routing part, it has many advantages in the logic part following the switch.
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En, De, Yang Yang Liu, Na Na Wei, Huang He Wei i Xiao Guang Chen. "Analysis of AC Chopping Control Voltage Regulation Circuit and MATLAB Simulation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (grudzień 2011): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.164.
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In the power electronic circuits, AC chopping control voltage regulation circuit through change the chopped device conduction time, it can easily change output voltage size. Load currents do not include low-order harmonic, they contain only higher harmonic which are relevant to the switch period , they are easy to filter out. So the power efficiency is high and it is characterized of high performance. This paper introduces a kind of widely used AC chopping control voltage regulation circuit and we simulate it by simulink. The result fully embodies the superiority of this kind of circuit.
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Tang, Xiao-Bin, i Masayoshi Tachibana. "A BIST Scheme for Bootstrapped Switches". Electronics 10, nr 14 (12.07.2021): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141661.
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This paper proposes a built-in self-test (BIST) scheme for detecting catastrophic faults in bootstrapped switches. The clock signal and the gate voltage of the sampling MOS transistor are taken as the observation signals in the proposed BIST scheme. Usually, the gate voltage of the sampling MOS transistor is greater than or equal to the supply voltage when the switch is turn on, and such a voltage is not suitable for observation. To solve this problem, a low power supply voltage is provided for the bootstrapped switch to obtain a suitable observation voltage. The proposed BIST scheme and the circuit under test (CUT) are realized with transistor level. The proposed BIST scheme was simulated by HSPICE. The simulated fault coverage is approximately 87.9% with 66 test circuits.
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Pan, Bo, Houji Li, Yong Wang i Deshu Zhang. "A Novel Pull-Up Active-Clamping Wireless Charging Circuit with Low Cost and Voltage Stress". Electronics 12, nr 13 (27.06.2023): 2834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132834.
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The traditional single-switch circuit has the advantages of fewer components, no shoot-through problems, and suitability for high-frequency wireless charging applications. However, because of the high voltage stress of the switch, the bulky inductor, and the narrow soft-switching range, its power and applications have some limitations. To relieve this problem, this paper proposes a pull-up active-clamping circuit, which not only offers a low component count with no bulky inductors, but also greatly reduces the switch voltage stress. In addition, a wide range of soft switching can be achieved by designing a primary-side compensation capacitor. A detailed parametric design method is given and compared with existing circuits from the aspects of switch voltage stress, component count, efficiency, cost, and so on. Finally, a 1 MHz, 180 W active-clamping wireless charging system is built to verify the proposed circuit and design method.
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Ud Din, Amad, Muhammad Kamran, Waqar Mahmood, Khursheed Aurangzeb, Abdulaziz Saud Altamrah i Jong-Wook Lee. "An Efficient CMOS Dual Switch Rectifier for Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting Circuits". Electronics 8, nr 1 (7.01.2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8010066.
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In this research work, we investigated a dual switch (DS) active rectifier for the piezoelectric (PE) energy scavenging system. In the proposed DS active rectifier configuration, two extra switches are shunted across the PE transducer which helps the PE transducer’s capacitor in charging and discharging which results in maximum power extraction from the PE transducer. Moreover, in the proposed rectifier configuration comparator controlled active diodes are used instead of conventional/passive diodes to minimize the threshold voltage V T H drop. The proposed DS active rectifier design is fabricated in a 1-poly 6-metal 180-nm standard CMOS process. The simulation and measured results of the proposed DS active rectifier design have the better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 91.5 %, which definitely helps in extracting more power than the conventional full bridge rectifier (FBR).
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Baginski, Thomas A., Robert N. Dean i Ed J. Wild. "A Micromachined Robust Planar Triggered Sparkgap Switch for High Power Pulse Applications". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (1.01.2010): 001869–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp24.
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High voltage (HV) switches capable of operating at high speeds with high current levels are used in a variety of applications in commercial and government systems. Examples of HV switches include triggered sparkgap, dielectric breakdown, and mercury vapor switches. The triggered sparkgap switch is a three-element, gas-filled, ceramic-to-metal, hermetically sealed, pressurized switch that operates in an arc discharge mode. Triggered sparkgaps have been in use for many years, providing precision timing and activation of in-flight functions such as missile stage separation. These applications involve the activation of electro-explosive devices such as an exploding bridge-wire [EBW] or an exploding foil initiator [EFI]. This paper discusses the fabrication and characterization of a novel high voltage planar discharge switch using micromachining techniques. The switch provides a low cost alternative to conventional triggered sparkgaps. The switch is designed for direct integration into the strip-line geometries used in a conventional capacitive discharge unit (CDU). The geometry of the device was selected to minimize parasitic impedances associated with conventional firing circuits. The switch design is microfabricated on an alumina substrate utilizing a patterned electron-beam deposited metallic stack. A polyimide layer selectively deposited over the metal stack provides dielectric isolation and passivation for the switch electrodes. A similar methodology was utilized to fabricate sample EFIs for switch validation tests with insensitive secondary high explosive (HE) pellets. The discharging of the HV capacitor through the patterened bridgefoil of an EFI results in rapid vaporization of the metal stack. The high pressure gas formed by the vaporized metal accelerates the adjacent polyimide layer to high velocity. The polyimde layer then impacts the HE pellet, inducing a shock wave, which results in prompt detonation of the material. Thus, this device is a type of MEMS actuator with a very specialized use. Design, fabrication and test data are presented and discussed.
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Chitrakala, G., N. Stalin i V. Mohan. "A Segmented Ladder-Structured Multilevel Inverter for Switch Count Remission and Dual-Mode Savvy". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, nr 14 (23.08.2018): 1850223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618502237.
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The multilevel inverter (MLI) has ascertained its gravity in high-power applications for the past three decades through perennial topological modifications from the pristine structure and development of apposite modulation strategies. The benefits, including subtle switch voltage stress, reduced output voltage total harmonic distortion (THD), tolerable electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), minimal switching losses and [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] stress, have prepared it as a very promising candidate in high-power drives and electric utility applications. Meanwhile, MLI has few drawbacks such as higher number of switches with associated peripherals (gate driver circuits, protection circuits and heat sinks) which makes the overall system complex, bulky and costly. There have been many attempts to curb the component count in MLI structure. In this paper, a new topology is developed with a perspective to wane the switch count, which also has the ability of working in both symmetrical and asymmetrical modes. The performance of the proposed segmented ladder-structured MLI (SLSMLI) topology is substantiated with simulation study and experimentation.
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Jayaprakash, S., i V. Ramakrishnan. "Hardware Implementation of Single-Stage Solar Based DC-DC Converter for Inductive Load Application". Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (czerwiec 2014): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.31.
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This paper presents a Hardware implementation of single-stage solar based DC-DC converter for inductive load application. Solar model is connected in the input side. The circuit has two full wave converter connected to boost the voltage and also for the power factor correction. Switch-utilization factor is improved by using two active switches to serve in the PFC circuits. Controlled converter is used to load side along with pi filter. Finally inductive load is connected to output side. In the hardware circuit solar panel output voltage, transformer primary, secondary voltage and load voltage is measured. In the circuit used with all the component parameters to operate at zero-voltage switching which retains the high circuit efficiency. A circuit is designed for an 80v dc output and tested.
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Carra, Martin J., Hernan Tacc i Jose Lipovetzky. "Performance evaluation of GaN and Si based driver circuits for a SiC MOSFET power switch". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1293-1303.
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<p>Silicon Carbide (SiC), new power switches (PSW) require new driver circuits which can take advantage of their new capabilities. In this paper a novel Gallium Nitride (GaN) based gate driver is proposed as a solution to control SiC power switches. The proposed driver is implemented and is performance compared with its silicon (Si) counterparts on a hard switching environment. A thorough evaluation of the energy involved in the switching process is presented showing that the GaN based circuit exhibits similar output losses but reduces the control power needed to operate at a specified frequency.</p>
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Kim, Woo Seok, Minju Jeong, Sungcheol Hong, Byungkook Lim i Sung Il Park. "Fully Implantable Low-Power High Frequency Range Optoelectronic Devices for Dual-Channel Modulation in the Brain". Sensors 20, nr 13 (29.06.2020): 3639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133639.
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Wireless optoelectronic devices can deliver light to targeted regions in the brain and modulate discrete circuits in an animal that is awake. Here, we propose a miniaturized fully implantable low-power optoelectronic device that allows for advanced operational modes and the stimulation/inhibition of deep brain circuits in a freely-behaving animal. The combination of low power control logic circuits, including a reed switch and dual-coil wireless power transfer platform, provides powerful capabilities for the dissection of discrete brain circuits in wide spatial coverage for mouse activity. The actuating mechanism enabled by a reed switch results in a simplified, low-power wireless operation and systematic experimental studies that are required for a range of logical operating conditions. In this study, we suggest two different actuating mechanisms by (1) a magnet or (2) a radio-frequency signal that consumes only under 300 µA for switching or channel selection, which is a several ten-folds reduction in power consumption when compared with any other existing systems such as embedded microcontrollers, near field communication, and Bluetooth. With the efficient dual-coil transmission antenna, the proposed platform leads to more advantageous power budgets that offer improved volumetric and angular coverage in a cage while minimizing the secondary effects associated with a corresponding increase in transmitted power.
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Lv, Mingqiang, Guan Liu, Yi Zhang, Linchong Han i Jing Zhao. "Research on the electronic switch of power management circuits for triboelectric nanogenerator". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2370, nr 1 (1.11.2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2370/1/012020.
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Nowadays, people are increasingly interested in how to collect clean energy from nature more effectively. As an emerging harvest, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can collect a wide range of clean energy from nature. However, the energy generated by TENG can not be used directly for driving various miniature electronics. In this study, we have designed a triboelectric nanogenerator for wind energy harvesting, which consists of two simple generator sets. In addition, a power management circuit based on this triboelectric nanogenerator has been designed, which consists of a rectifier section, an electronic switch section, and a filter section. Among them, the most important part is the electronic switch section, and the electronic switch is based on triode characteristics. The experiment shows that the output voltage has been to stabilize at 3.89V when the triboelectric nanogenerator structure is in operation, and it can sustainably drive the LED in a stable working condition.
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Pandey, Amit Kumar, Tarun Kumar Gupta i Pawan Kumar Verma. "Sleep signal controlled footless domino circuit for low leakage current". Circuit World 44, nr 2 (8.05.2018): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-06-2017-0030.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose a new sleep signal controlled footless domino circuit for reducing the subthreshold and gate oxide leakage currents. Design/methodology/approach In the proposed circuit, a P channel MOSFET (PMOS) sleep switch transistor is inserted between the power supply and the output node. The sleep transistor, the source of the pull-down network, and the source of the N channel MOSFET (NMOS) transistor of the output inverter are controlled by this additional sleep signal to place the footless domino circuit in a low leakage state. Findings The authors simulate the proposed circuit by using HSPICE in 45-nm CMOS technology for OR and AND logic gates such as OR2, OR4, OR8, AND2 and AND4 at 25°C and 110°C. The proposed circuit reduces leakage power consumption as compared to the existing circuits. Originality/value The proposed circuit significantly reduces the total leakage power consumption up to 99.41 and 99.51 per cent as compared to the standard dual-threshold voltage footless domino circuits at 25°C and 110°C, respectively, and up to 93.79 and 97.98 per cent as compared to the sleep control techniques at 25°C and 110°C, respectively. Similarly, the proposed circuit reduces the active power consumption up to 26.76 and 86.25 per cent as compared to the standard dual-threshold voltage and sleep control techniques footless domino circuits at 25°C and 110°C, respectively.
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Menéndez, Oswaldo, Loreto Romero i Fernando Auat Cheein. "Serial Switch Only Rectifier as a Power Conditioning Circuit for Electric Field Energy Harvesting". Energies 13, nr 20 (12.10.2020): 5279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205279.
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Because traditional electronics cannot directly use the alternating output voltage and current provided by electric field energy harvesters, harvesting systems require additional regulating and conditioning circuits. In this field, this work presents a conditioning circuit, called serial switch-only rectifier (SSOR) for low-voltage electric field energy harvesting (EFEH) applications. The proposed approach consists of a tubular topology harvester mounted on the outer jacket of a 230 V three-wires electrical cable (neutral, ground, and phase), in which terminals are connected to SSOR. We compare SSOR performance with classic electronic approaches, such as a full-bridge rectifier and voltage doubler. Experimental findings showed that the gathered energy by a 1 m cylindrical harvester increased in approximately 73.3% using the SSOR as a power management circuit. Experimental findings showed that the gathered energy by a 1 m cylindrical harvester increase in approximately 73.3% using the SSOR as a power management circuit. This increase is principally due to the fact that a serial bidirectional switch disconnects the harvester from the rest of the management circuit, enhancing the charge collection process. Although simulated results disclosed that SSOR increased collected energy for smaller-scale harvesters (experimental tests obtained using a 10 cm cylindrical harvester), additional losses in bidirectional switch reduced its performance. In addition, we introduce a comprehensive analysis of EFEH systems based on SSOR according to the mains frequency for future power systems.
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Al-Rabadi, Anas N. "Parallel processing via carbon field emission-based controlled switching of regular bijective nano systolic networks, part 1: basics". International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 9, nr 3 (8.08.2016): 274–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijicc-11-2015-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce new implementations for parallel processing applications using bijective systolic networks and the corresponding carbon-based field emission controlled switching. The developed implementations are performed in the reversible domain to perform the required bijective parallel computing, where the implementations for parallel computations that utilize the presented field-emission controlled switching and their corresponding m-ary (many-valued) extensions for the use in nano systolic networks are introduced. The first part of the paper presents important fundamentals with regards to systolic computing and carbon-based field emission that will be utilized in the implementations within the second part of the paper. Design/methodology/approach The introduced systolic systems utilize recent findings in field emission and nano applications to implement the functionality of the basic bijective systolic network. This includes many-valued systolic computing via field emission techniques using carbon-based nanotubes and nanotips. The realization of bijective logic circuits in current and emerging technologies can be very important for various reasons. The reduction of power consumption is a major requirement for the circuit design in future technologies, and thus, the new nano systolic circuits can play an important role in the design of circuits that consume minimal power for future applications such as in low-power signal processing. In addition, the implemented bijective systems can be utilized to implement massive parallel processing and thus obtaining very high processing performance, where the implementation will also utilize the significant size reduction within the nano domain. The extensions of implementations to field emission-based many-valued systolic networks using the introduced bijective nano systolic architectures are also presented. Findings Novel bijective systolic architectures using nano-based field emission implementations are introduced in this paper, and the implementation using the general scheme of many-valued computing is presented. The carbon-based field emission implementation of nano systolic networks is also introduced. This is accomplished using the introduced field emission carbon-based devices, where field emission from carbon nanotubes and nano-apex carbon fibers is utilized. The implementations of the many-valued bijective systolic networks utilizing the introduced nano-based architectures are also presented. Originality/value The introduced bijective systolic implementations form new important directions in the systolic realizations using the newly emerging nano-based technologies. The 2-to-1 multiplexer is a basic building block in “switch logic,” where in switch logic, a logic circuit is realized as a combination of switches rather than a combination of logic gates as in the gate logic, which proves to be less costly in synthesizing multiplexer-based wide variety of modern circuits and systems since nano implementations exist in very compact space where carbon-based devices switch reliably using much less power than silicon-based devices. The introduced implementations for nano systolic computation are new and interesting for the design in future nanotechnologies that require optimal design specifications of minimum power consumption and minimum size layout such as in low-power control of autonomous robots and in the adiabatic low-power very-large-scale-integration circuit design for signal processing applications.
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Romashko, V. Y., L. M. Batrak i O. O. Abakumova. "Step-up/step-down regulators in maximum power transmission mode". Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, nr 2 (18.04.2022): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2022.2.03.
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Introduction. Switching DC voltage regulators are traditionally used to regulate and stabilize the voltage on the load. Due to the widespread use of non-traditional and renewable sources of electricity, there is a need to select from them the maximum possible amount of electricity. As is known, the maximum power from the power supply to the load will be transmitted provided that the output resistance of the source is equal to the load resistance. If this condition is not met, a matching switching regulator is switched on between the power supply and the load. Most often, for the purpose of matching, pulse regulators of step-up or step-down types are used. Problem. The operation of regulators in the matching mode has a number of features, in comparison with the modes of regulation and stabilization of the output voltage. Thus, since in the maximum power transmission mode the output resistance of the source and the resistance of the load are values of the same order, in any calculation the internal resistance of the source must be taken into account. There are works in which features of work of regulators of step-up and step-down types in a mode of transfer of the maximum power are analyzed. In addition to these types of pulse regulators, there are regulators of step-up/step-down types, which are relatively rarely used for this purpose. First of all it is connected with insufficiently studied abilities of work of such regulators in the specified mode. Goal. The aim of the work is to analyze the features of the operation of pulse regulators of step-up/step-down types in the mode of transmission of maximum power from the power supply to the load, as well as to determine the conditions under which it is possible and appropriate to work in this mode. Methodology. In the work, taking into account the internal resistance of the power supply, the regulation characteristics of the basic circuit of the pulse regulator of the step-up/step-down type are analyzed. The conditions under which the transfer of maximum power from the power supply to the load is ensured are determined. Results. It is shown that the existing variants of the circuits of regulators of the step-up/step-down type can be obtained from the basic circuit by applying the rules of construction of dual electric circuits. Consequently, the basic calculated relations for such circuits can be obtained from the calculated relations of the basic circuit using the principle of duality. Originality. A method for determining and studying the regulation characteristics of pulse regulators, taking into account the internal resistance of the power supply. Practical value. The obtained results allow to determine the conditions under which it is possible and expedient to operate different circuits of regulators in the mode of transmission of maximum power from the power supply to the load. Based on these results, recommendations are given for selecting a suitable range for changing the relative time of the closed state of the controlled switch, depending on the type of power supply used, as well as the method of connecting the controlled switch in the regulator circuit.
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Yuan, Qi, Zichen Deng, Weidong Ding, Yanan Wang i Jiawei Wu. "New advances in solid-state pulse generator based on magnetic switches". Review of Scientific Instruments 93, nr 5 (1.05.2022): 051501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0079583.
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Pulsed power technology is gradually forming a development trend of civil-military integration, which puts forward more requirements for pulsed power generators. This paper takes magnetic switches (MSs) as the starting point and reviews recent advancements in pulse generators based on MSs. First, the working mechanism of the MS “rapid inductance drop after magnetic core saturation” is analyzed. Second, the basic uses of MSs are introduced with specific examples, namely, magnetic compression unit, saturated pulse transformer, and magnetic delay switches. Then, the typical topologies of pulse generators based on MSs are discussed, including transmission line, Marx, Fitch, linear transformer driver, and semiconductor opening switch pumping circuits. These circuits’ technical characteristics and parameter levels are highlighted. Finally, the existing problems and future development trends of MS-based solid-state pulse generators are discussed.
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Janke, W. "Equivalent circuits for averaged description of DC-DC switch-mode power converters based on separation of variables approach". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, nr 3 (1.09.2013): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0076.
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Abstract Large-signal and small-signal averaged models of basic switch-mode DC-DC power converters: BUCK (step-down) and BOOST (step-up) are presented. Models are derived with the separation of variables approach and have the form of equivalent circuits, suitable for a circuit simulation. Apart from equivalent circuits, small-signal transmittances of converters for CCM and DCM modes are discussed. Parasitic resistances of all components of converters are taken into account. A few examples of simulations and measurement results of selected converter characteristics are also presented. It is shown, that neglecting parasitic resistances (often met in works of other authors) may lead to serious errors in an averaged description of converters.
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Manchala, Venkat Subba Rao, Dr J. Muralidharan i Mr D. Rajendra. "Different Types of Ultra-low Power Energy-Harvesting Design Techniques for IoT Applications". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, nr 1s5 (30.12.2019): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a1029.1291s519.
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In this paper, different type of level shifter circuits, that can able to convert the sub-threshold level to super-threshold level signals are discussed. To develop the ultra- low static power consumption circuit designs such a way to switch on the transistor for a low voltage levels. To enhance the switching speed and minimize the dynamic power consumption, by incorporating the CMOS –inverter buffer circuit at the output side to improve the energy efficiently. These energy harvesting design techniques provides endless energy supply to electronic systems that are remotely located areas. More number of devices are controlled by IoT (Internet of Things) to perform the operation by remote sensing.