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Khan, Javeed Ahmad. "Grid connected PV systems and their growth in power system". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (30.04.2018): 1791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11646.
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Chaurase, Payal, i Pankaj Ramtekkar. "A new design of control & power management strategies of hybrid ac-dc microgrids toward high power quality". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012036.
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Abstract The micro grid idea provides for the lack of several reversing switches to unitary AC-DC grid that enables connection and charges (loads) to the electrical systems with changeable regenerative AC and CC sources. Safe operation and gadget safety involve digital integration with utilities/grid through power converters. Enhanced client reliability, decreased input losses, local voltages are supported, and waste heat efficiency increased, voltage drop or interruptible supply of electricity can be customized to satisfy their unique customer demands. Work at present Analyses the performance in grid tie mode of hybrid AC/DC systems. Here are PV systems, PV systems, For the construction of microgrids wind turbine generators and batteries are employed. Convert procedures for the correct coordination of AC sub-grids to DC subs-grids have also been established for converters. MATLAB/SIMULINK environment results are generated.
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Unruh, Peter, Maria Nuschke, Philipp Strauß i Friedrich Welck. "Overview on Grid-Forming Inverter Control Methods". Energies 13, nr 10 (20.05.2020): 2589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102589.
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In this paper, different control approaches for grid-forming inverters are discussed and compared with the grid-forming properties of synchronous machines. Grid-forming inverters are able to operate AC grids with or without rotating machines. In the past, they have been successfully deployed in inverter dominated island grids or in uninterruptable power supply (UPS) systems. It is expected that with increasing shares of inverter-based electrical power generation, grid-forming inverters will also become relevant for interconnected power systems. In contrast to conventional current-controlled inverters, grid-forming inverters do not immediately follow the grid voltage. They form voltage phasors that have an inertial behavior. In consequence, they can inherently deliver momentary reserve and increase power grid resilience.
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Meinecke, Steffen, Džanan Sarajlić, Simon Ruben Drauz, Annika Klettke, Lars-Peter Lauven, Christian Rehtanz, Albert Moser i Martin Braun. "SimBench—A Benchmark Dataset of Electric Power Systems to Compare Innovative Solutions Based on Power Flow Analysis". Energies 13, nr 12 (26.06.2020): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123290.
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Publicly accessible, elaborated grid datasets, i.e., benchmark grids, are well suited to publish and compare methods or study results. Similarly, developing innovative tools and algorithms in the fields of grid planning and grid operation is based on grid datasets. Therefore, a general methodology to generate benchmark datasets and its voltage level dependent implementation is described in this paper. As a result, SimBench, a comprehensive dataset for the low, medium, high and extra-high voltage level, is presented. Besides grids that can be combined across several voltage levels, the dataset offers an added value by providing time series for a whole year as well as future scenarios. In this way, SimBench is applicable for many use cases and simplifies reproducing study results. As proof, different automated algorithms for grid planning are compared to show how to apply SimBench and make use of it as a simulation benchmark.
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Singh, Ankit Kumar. "UHVDC-Technology Future of India Electricity Transmission". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr VII (20.07.2021): 1620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36686.
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it's proposed to use highly complex grid controllers to include power grids into one super- grid that may acquire large penetration of inexhaustible powers, without compromising power quality, active and reactive power flow, and voltage and facility stability. The super-grid constructed with ultra- high voltage DC (UHVDC) and flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) together with dedicated ac and dc interconnectors with intelligent systems applications to supply a wise Integrated Super-Grid. DC interconnectors will segment the whole continent's power systems into five large asynchronous segments (regions). Noncontemporary divisions will prevent ac fault propagation between sections while allowing power exchange between different parts of the super-grid, with minimum difficulty for grid code unification or harmonization of regulatory regimes across the mainland as each segment maintains its accord . a sensible Integrated wattage Super-Grid powered by these technologies is critical in supporting sustained economic process and development; established on the keystone of renewable energy and utilizing over 600GW immeasurable potential of Africa's clean and renewable hydroelectric, photovoltaic and alternative energy as a little of a extensive energy comingle of traditional and complementary energy resources.
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Kebede, Fitsum-Salehu, Jean-Christophe Olivier, Salvy Bourguet i Mohamed Machmoum. "Reliability Evaluation of Renewable Power Systems through Distribution Network Power Outage Modelling". Energies 14, nr 11 (31.05.2021): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113225.
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Intermittent power interruptions and blackouts with long outage durations are very common, especially on weak distribution grids such as in developing countries. This paper proposes a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-battery-system sizing optimization through a genetic algorithm to address the reliability in fragile grids measured by the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) index. Recorded historical outage data from a real stochastic grid in Ethiopia and measured customer load is used. The resulting hybrid-system Pareto solutions give the flexibility for customers/power utilities to choose appropriate sizes based on the required reliability level. To evaluate the sizing solutions’ robustness, this work considers and compares grid outage modeling through two different approaches. The first is a Markov model, developed to be minimally implemented with limited outage data available. The second is a Weibull model, commonly used to describe extreme phenomena and failure analysis. It is more faithful in reproducing the dispersion of outage events. Using these models, the effectiveness and performance of the PV-battery system is verified on a large number of simulated outage scenarios, to estimate the real performance of the optimized design. It leads to a more accurate evaluation of the behavior of a renewable power system to a weak and unreliable electrical grid.
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Consoli, Alfio, Mario Cacciato i Vittorio Crisafulli. "Power Converters For Photovoltaic Generation Systems In Smart Grid Applications". Eletrônica de Potência 14, nr 4 (1.11.2009): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2009.4.251257.
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Dorothy, R., i Sasilatha Sasilatha. "Smart Grid Systems Based Survey on Cyber Security Issues". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 6, nr 4 (1.12.2017): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v6i4.862.
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The future power system will be an innovative administration of existing power grids, which is called smart grid. Above all, the application of advanced communication and computing tools is going to significantly improve the productivity and consistency of smart grid systems with renewable energy resources. Together with the topographies of the smart grid, cyber security appears as a serious concern since a huge number of automatic devices are linked through communication networks. Cyber attacks on those devices had a direct influence on the reliability of extensive infrastructure of the power system. In this survey, several published works related to smart grid system vulnerabilities, potential intentional attacks, and suggested countermeasures for these threats have been investigated.
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Rauch, Johannes, i Oliver Brückl. "Achieving Optimal Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Grids by Using Industrial Compensation Systems". Electricity 4, nr 1 (2.03.2023): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electricity4010006.
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This paper presents a method for integrating industrial consumers owning compensation systems as alternative reactive power sources into grid operating processes. In remuneration, they receive a market-based provision of reactive power. The aim is to analyze the potential of reactive power compensation systems of industrial companies connected to medium-voltage (10 kV–30 kV) AC grids in order to increase the reactive power ability of distribution grids. Measurement methods and reactive power potential results of six industrial companies are presented to characterize the amount and temporal availability of their reactive power potential. The presented approach for using the decentralized reactive power potential is a centralized reactive power control method and is based on optimal power flow (OPF) calculations. An optimization algorithm based on linear programming is used to coordinate a reactive power retrieval tuned to the actual demand. The influencing quantities are the current grid status (voltage and load flow capacity reserves at grid nodes and power lines) and the current reactive power potential of the reactive power sources. The compensation impact of six measured industrial companies on an exemplary medium-voltage grid is shown by an application example.
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Domino, A., K. Zymmer i M. Parchomiuk. "Selected converter topologies for interfacing energy storages with power grid". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, nr 5 (1.10.2017): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0063.
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Abstract The paper presents different solutions applicable in power converter systems for connecting power grids with energy storage systems such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), supercapacitor energy storage (SES) or chemical batteries. Those systems are characterized by bidirectional current flow between energy storage and power grid. Two-level converters (AC-DC and DC-AC converters) dedicated for low power energy storage compatible with 3×400 V-type power grids are proposed. High power systems are connected with 3×6 kV-type power grids via transformers that adjust voltage to the particular energy storage or directly, based on multilevel power converters (AC-DC and DC-AC) or dual active bridge (DAB) systems. Solutions ensuring power grid compatibility with several energy storage systems of the same electrical parameters as well as of different voltage-current characteristics are also proposed. Selected simulation results illustrating operation of two system topologies of 200 kW power for two-level converter and neutral point clamped (NPC) three-level converter are presented.
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Bhandari, Khem Raj, i Narayan Prasad Adhikari. "Grid Integration of Solar and Solar/Wind Hybrid Mini-Grid Projects: A Case of Solar/Wind Hybrid Mini-Grid Project Implemented by AEPC". Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, nr 3 (13.10.2020): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i3.32004.
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Alternative Energy Promotion Center (AEPC) has been scaling up renewable energy technologies through Mini-grid power supply in Nepal’s off-grid areas in order to fulfill community electricity demands for both households and electricity-based enterprises. It is likely that, in some of the off-grid renewable energy (RE) mini-grid service areas, Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) grid line might reach in near future. The objective of this study is to highlight success stories of solar and solar/wind mini-grids implemented by AEPC and for their longer-term sustainable operation grid integration policy of isolated mini-grid systems will require. Till the date AEPC has successfully electrified more than 20 rural communities through solar and solar/wind hybrid mini-grid systems. Some of these isolated mini-grid projects will seek grid interconnections in near future due to NEA distribution system expansion trend. When the isolated mini-grids will be connected to the national grid power network in future, the mini-grid can feed surplus electricity to the local utility grid line and will receive deficit electricity from the local utility grid system to serve the consumers connected to the local grid network. The methodology applied to this study is assessment of existing solar and solar/wind mini-grid projects, technological intervention required for grid integration, reviewing grid-connection policy of distributed renewable generations in the country and recommendation of relevant policy option for grid connection of rural mini-grids. Grid integration of isolated solar and solar/wind mini-grids will have positive impacts to the sustainability of the present isolated mini-grids, will help in retaining existing mini-grids end users, energy produced by mini-grid systems will be optimally utilized, the existing mini-grid power will contribute to stabilize weak national grid electrical parameters. The outcome of the study will recommend need of policy options as well as technological interventions in order to do grid integration of solar and solar/wind hybrid mini-grid systems in Nepal.
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Katic, Nenad. "Profitability of smart grid solutions applied in power grid". Thermal Science 20, suppl. 2 (2016): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151005023k.
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The idea of a Smart Grid solution has been developing for years, as complete solution for a power utility, consisting of different advanced technologies aimed at improving of the efficiency of operation. The trend of implementing various smart systems continues, e.g. Energy Management Systems, Grid Automation Systems, Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Smart power equipment, Distributed Energy Resources, Demand Response systems, etc. Futhermore, emerging technologies, such as energy storages, electrical vehicles or distributed generators, become integrated in distribution networks and systems. Nowadays, the idea of a Smart Grid solution becomes more realistic by full integration of all advanced operation technologies (OT) within IT environment, providing the complete digitalization of an Utility (IT/OT integration). The overview of smart grid solutions, estimation of investments, operation costs and possible benefits are presented in this article, with discusison about profitability of such systems.
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Wang, Haonan, Markus Kraiczy, Denis Mende, Sebastian Stöcklein i Martin Braun. "Application-Oriented Reactive Power Management in German Distribution Systems Using Decentralized Energy Resources". Energies 14, nr 16 (12.08.2021): 4949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164949.
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Due to higher penetration of renewable energy sources, grid reinforcements, and the utilization of local voltage control strategies, a significant change in the reactive power behavior as well as an increased demand for additional reactive power flexibility in the German power system can be predicted. In this paper, an application-oriented reactive power management concept is proposed, which allows distribution system operators (DSO) to enable a certain amount of reactive power flexibility at the grid interfaces while supporting voltage imitations in the grid. To evaluate its feasibility, the proposed concept is applied for real medium voltage grids in the south of Germany and is investigated comprehensively in different case studies. The results prove the feasibility and reliability of the proposed concept, which allows the DSO to control the reactive power exchange at grid interfaces without causing undesired local voltage problems. In addition, it can be simply adjusted and widely applied in real distribution grids without requiring high investment costs for complex information and communication infrastructures. As a significant contribution, this study provides an ideal bridging solution for DSOs who are facing reactive power issues but have no detailed and advanced monitoring system for their grid. Moreover, the comprehensive investigations in this study are performed in close cooperation with a German DSO, based on a detailed grid model and real measurement data.
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Zhang, Zhaoyun, i Qitong Wang. "Application Status and Prospects of 5G Technology in Distribution Automation Systems". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (2.04.2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5553159.
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With the continuous development of 5G (5th generation mobile networks) communication technology, increasing attention has been paid to the integration of 5G technology and vertical industry. Based on the consideration of power security, the large-scale application of 5G in the power industry will start from the distribution grid and gradually extend to the high-voltage power grid. There have been some powerful attempts to apply 5G technology in distribution grid automation, distribution grid relay protection, and distribution grid monitoring. This article will summarize the application of 5G technology in these fields, focuses on the analysis of possible problems in technical standards, network security, application costs, and signal coverage, and will propose reasonable prospects and thoughts on the integration of 5G technology and distribution grids.
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Gabash, Aouss. "Review of Battery Storage and Power Electronic Systems in Flexible A-R-OPF Frameworks". Electronics 12, nr 14 (19.07.2023): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12143127.
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This paper provides an overview of power electronics and its applications in various fields, emphasizing power conditioning and minimizing losses for high energy efficiency. It discusses the distinction between unidirectional and bidirectional converters and their applications in power systems. The significance of unidirectional and bidirectional power flow in different scenarios is explored. The importance of battery storage systems (BSSs) for grid stabilization, frequency regulation, and renewable energy integration is highlighted. The paper focuses on flexible active-reactive optimal power flow (A-R-OPF) frameworks in battery storage and power electronic systems, reviewing existing research, identifying gaps, and offering new perspectives. It addresses the challenges and potential of grid-scale energy storage for reliable and cost-effective power systems with high renewable energy penetration. The need for energy curtailment, demand response, and smart grid implementation is discussed. The paper emphasizes comprehensive coordination, new power lines, European collaboration, and smart grid implementation to meet the dynamic needs of Europe’s power grids.
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Cao, Li, Zhengzong Wang i Yinggao Yue. "Analysis and Prospect of the Application of Wireless Sensor Networks in Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (15.06.2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9004942.
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With the rapid development of the economy and society, the low efficiency and high loss of the traditional power grid can no longer meet the growing social demand, and the power grid market is facing a reform. Smart grid, as a next-generation power system, it can effectively improve the performance of traditional power grids. The ubiquitous power Internet of Things (UPIOT) replaces the traditional grids with efficient, safe, reliable, and flexible new grids, improves the utilization efficiency of the grid, reduces the loss of the power grid in the transmission process, and can meet the needs of different types of markets and users. As an advanced information acquisition and processing technology, wireless sensor networks have been widely used in medical, industrial, agricultural, commercial, and public management fields. It is an important means to promote future economic development and build a harmonious society. In the power system, wireless sensor network technology can be widely used in many fields such as line fault location, real-time monitoring, smart meter reading, and relay protection. In this paper, the basic concepts and overall architecture of ubiquitous power Internet of Things are summarized. Then, we summarize the research status of the wireless sensor network in smart grid, including power equipment, line monitoring, smart grid wireless automatic meter reading, distribution network relay protection, power assets life-cycle management, power grid fault location, and power grid fault diagnosis. In view of the technical characteristics of wireless sensor networks, combined with the production links of power systems, the application framework of wireless sensor network technology in the power systems is constructed. The application of wireless sensor networks is prospected from the aspects of network development of relay protection, application research of smart substation, application research of power grid catastrophe, security protection of power system, and deep-seated ubiquitous power Internet of Things.
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Nechyporenko, Alina, Yevhen Hubarenko i Maryna Hubarenko. "Topological structure reengineering regional electric power systems". RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, nr 2 (18.05.2022): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2022.2.04.
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This paper analyses the topology of a regional power system distribution grid. This research improves the efficiency of the electric power system's operation by using upgrading the redesign (reengineering) methods of topological structures within distribution grids. The research object is an electric power system that consists of generation, transmission and distribution parts and requires reengineering. The subject of research is the re-engineering of the topology of the power system distribution grid. To achieve the research purpose, modifications of k-means algorithm as well as the small step algorithm based on the statistical analysis, clustering and minimum spanning tree development methods of Prim and Kraskal are used. The modifications described in this paper allow for optimization of the network based on user needs, properties of the operating grid elements, and other additional constraints for flexibility and generality. Given the varying parameters, this method provides the means to redesign parts of the distribution grid, keeping its certain elements safe from displacement, but also the means to redesign the whole distribution grid, including changes to the number and location of transformer substations and transmission lines. Conclusions. To solve the problem of determining the territorially close groups of consumers in the paper, it was proposed to use the k-means clustering algorithm. This algorithm allows us to divide consumer sets into clusters, so that coordinates of their centres will be recommended as locations of transformer substations. The modernization of the k-means algorithm was proposed by developing procedures for adding and combining clusters using different strategies for determining starting centroids. Based on this, a method for reengineering the topological structures of regional electric power systems in terms of the possibility of their fundamental restructuring was developed. The results of this research may be useful to various enterprises, organizations or institutes dealing with the elaboration or design of electric power system development on the corporate, regional or local level.
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Larik, Raja Masood, i Mohd Wazir Mustafa. "Technologies used in Smart Grid to implement Power Distribution System". TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering 16, nr 2 (1.11.2015): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/tijee.v16i2.1606.
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<span style="line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Recently, the debate has been going on about the role of power plus distribution systems, its technologies for future smart grids in power systems. The emerging of new technologies in smart grid and power distribution systems provide a significant change in terms of reduction the commercial and technical losses, improve the rationalization of electricity tariff. The new technologies in smart grid systems have different capabilities to increase the technological efficiency in power distribution systems. These new technologies are the foreseeable solution to address the power system issues. This paper gives a brief detail of new technologies in smart grid systems for its power distribution systems, benefits and recent challenges. The paper provides a brief detail for new researchers and engineers about new technologies in smart grid systems and how to change traditional distribution systems into new smart systems.</span>
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Bindra, Ashok. "Securing the Power Grid: Protecting Smart Grids and Connected Power Systems from Cyberattacks". IEEE Power Electronics Magazine 4, nr 3 (wrzesień 2017): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpel.2017.2719201.
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Meinecke, Steffen, Leon Thurner i Martin Braun. "Review of Steady-State Electric Power Distribution System Datasets". Energies 13, nr 18 (15.09.2020): 4826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184826.
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Publicly available grid datasets with electric steady-state equivalent circuit models are crucial for the development and comparison of a variety of power system simulation tools and algorithms. Such algorithms are essential to analyze and improve the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in electrical power systems. Increased penetration of DERs, new technologies, and changing regulatory frameworks require the continuous development of the grid infrastructure. As a result, the number and versatility of grid datasets, which are required in power system research, increases. Furthermore, the used grids are created by different methods and intentions. This paper gives orientation within these developments: First, a concise overview of well-known, publicly available grid datasets is provided. Second, background information on the compilation of the grid datasets, including different methods, intentions and data origins, is reviewed and characterized. Third, common terms to describe electric steady-state distribution grids, such as representative grid or benchmark grid, are assembled and reviewed. Recommendations for the use of these grid terms are made.
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Wu, Xiangqiang, i Tamas Kerekes. "Flexible Active Power Control for PV-ESS Systems: A Review". Energies 14, nr 21 (5.11.2021): 7388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217388.
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The penetration of solar energy in the modern power system is still increasing with a fast growth rate after long development due to reduced environmental impact and ever-decreasing photovoltaic panel cost. Meanwhile, distribution networks have to deal with a huge amount and frequent fluctuations of power due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, which influences the grid stability and could cause a voltage rise in the low-voltage grid. In order to reduce these fluctuations and ensure a stable and reliable power supply, energy storage systems are introduced, as they can absorb or release energy on demand, which provides more control flexibility for PV systems. At present, storage technologies are still under development and integrated in renewable applications, especially in smart grids, where lowering the cost and enhancing the reliability are the main tasks. This study reviews and discusses several active power control strategies for hybrid PV and energy storage systems that deliver ancillary services for grid support. The technological advancements and developments of energy storage systems in grid-tied PV applications are also reviewed.
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Huang, Liang, Chao Wu, Dao Zhou i Frede Blaabjerg. "Impact of Grid Strength and Impedance Characteristics on the Maximum Power Transfer Capability of Grid-Connected Inverters". Applied Sciences 11, nr 9 (10.05.2021): 4288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094288.
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Continuously expanding deployments of distributed power generation systems are transforming conventional centralized power grids into mixed distributed electrical networks. The higher penetration and longer distance from the renewable energy source to the main power grid result in lower grid strength, which stimulates the power limitation problem. Aimed at this problem, case studies of inductive and resistive grid impedance with different grid strengths have been carried out to evaluate the maximum power transfer capability of grid-connected inverters. It is revealed that power grids with a higher short circuit ratio (SCR) or lower resistance-inductance ratio (R/X) provide higher power transfer capability. Moreover, under the resistive grid conditions, a higher voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) is beneficial to increase the power transfer capability. Based on mathematical analysis, the maximum power curves in the inductive and resistive grids can be found. Moreover, a performance index is proposed in this paper to quantify the performance of the system with different parameter values. Finally, the effectiveness of the analysis is verified by simulation.
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Yu, Dong, Shan Gao, Xin Zhao, Yu Liu, Sicheng Wang i Tiancheng E. Song. "Alternating Iterative Power-Flow Algorithm for Hybrid AC–DC Power Grids Incorporating LCCs and VSCs". Sustainability 15, nr 5 (3.03.2023): 4573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054573.
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AC–DC power-flow calculation is the basis for studying HVDC systems. Since traditional iterative methods need many alternative iterations and have convergence problems, this paper proposes an alternating iterative power-flow algorithm for hybrid AC–DC power grids incorporating line-commutated converters (LCCs) and voltage source converters (VSCs). Firstly, the algorithm incorporates the converter interface model into the AC side, considering the influence of the DC side on the AC side, and establishes an AC-augmented Jacobian matrix model with LCC/VSC interface equation variables. Then, according to the type of converter, control mode, and DC grid control strategy, a DC grid power-flow calculation model under various control modes is established for realizing the power-flow decoupling calculation of AC–DC power grids incorporating LCCs and VSCs. The accuracy and effectiveness of the improved algorithm are evaluated using modified IEEE 57 bus AC–DC networks and the CIGRE B4 DC grid test system. The improved algorithm is applicable to various DC grid control modes and considers the reasonable adjustment of the DC grid variable constraints and operating modes.
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Pillai, Jayakrishnan R., i Brigitte Bak-Jensen. "Vehicle-to-grid power in Danish electric power systems". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, nr 07 (kwiecień 2009): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj07.315.
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Roncero-Sánchez, Pedro, Alfonso Parreño Torres, Javier Vázquez, Francisco Javier López-Alcolea, Emilio J. Molina-Martínez i Felix Garcia-Torres. "Multiterminal HVDC System with Power Quality Enhancement". Energies 14, nr 5 (27.02.2021): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051306.
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High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems are a feasible solution that allows the transmission of energy between several power networks. As a consequence of the use of HVDC systems, renewable energy sources can be integrated more easily into distribution grids and smart grids. Furthermore, HVDC systems can contribute to improving the power quality (PQ) of the grids to which they are connected. This paper presents a multiterminal HVDC system that not only controls the flows of active power between four different networks, but also compensates imbalances and harmonics in the grid currents to maintain balanced and sinusoidal voltages at the point of common coupling of the various grids. The compensation is carried out by the voltage-source converters (VSCs) connected to their respective AC grids. A control scheme based on the use of resonant regulators and proportional–integral (PI) controllers is responsible for of achieving the necessary power flow control with the amelioration of the PQ. A case study of a multiterminal HVDC system that comprises four terminals sharing a DC bus of 80 kV is simulated by means of PSCADTM/EMTDCTM (Power System Computer-Aided Design; Electromagnetic Transients including Direct Current), where the AC grids associated with the terminals suffer from voltage imbalances and voltage harmonics owing to the connection of unbalanced loads and nonlinear loads. The obtained simulation results show the performance of the complete system in terms of active power flow, voltage regulation, and harmonic distortions of the grid current and the grid voltage.
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Tang, Bi Qiang, Yi Jun Yu, Shu Hai Feng i Feng Li. "A Novel Method of Static Security Analysis Based on Multithread Technology". Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (sierpień 2013): 639–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.639.
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With the UHV (Ultra High Voltage) power grid construction and the interconnection of regional power grids, the scale of power grids in China is increasing rapidly. At the same time, significant uncertainty and variability is being introduced into power grid operation with the integration of large-scale renewable energy in power systems. All of these pose an enormous challenge to the operation control of power systems in China. For a long time, online static security analysis, as an important part of EMS (Energy Management System), has been an effective tool for power grid operation. However, it is increasingly difficult for traditional static security analysis in serial computing mode to be online applied in bulk power grids in China. A new practical parallel approach for online static security analysis is put forward in this paper. A multithread parallelism is introduced into contingency screening, detailed contingency evaluation and decision support for reducing the execution time. By employing the multithread technology, the hardware resources of multi-processor/multi-core computer can be fully used and the program can be speeded up effectively. The performance of the parallel static security analysis is demonstrated by tests on two large-scale power systems. The test results show that the proposed method can be online applied in real bulk power grids.
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Kedar, Sourabh, i Mr Santosh Singh Negi. "Challenges in Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Systems via Inverter: A Survey". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 7, nr 3 (27.03.2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i3.369.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have mainly been used in the past decade. Inverter-powered photovoltaic grid topologies are widely used to meet electricity demand and to integrate forms of renewable energy into power grids. Meeting the growing demand for electricity is a major challenge today. This paper provides a detailed overview of the topological trend of inverters with connection to the photovoltaic grid, as well as the advantages, disadvantages and main characteristics of the individual inverters. For proper integration into a network, coordination between the supporting devices used for reactive power compensation and their optimal reactive power capacity for grid current stability is important.
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Finke, Sebastian, Michele Velenderić, Semih Severengiz, Oleg Pankov i Christof Baum. "Transition towards a full self-sufficiency through PV systems integration for sub-Saharan Africa: a technical approach for a smart blockchain-based mini-grid". Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 7 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021054.
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Access to affordable, reliable and clean energy is an important sustainability goal of the United Nations. In areas where the public electricity grid is unreliable or unavailable, photovoltaic systems can be a solution. However, they are cost-intensive, mainly because of the energy storage systems. Mini-grids can be an answer for reducing upfront investment and overall system lifetime costs while increasing electricity availability. The mini-grid technology is mature, nevertheless, there are downsides when it comes to integrating existing solar systems of different manufacturers. The system topology is usually predefined and a central instance controls the mini-grid. Thus, the integration of existing power systems is difficult due to the communication constraints of these systems with the mini-grid controller. Including existing power systems into a decentralized mini-grid, can highly increase cost-efficiency. In a decentralized approach payments for the consumed energy between mini-grid actors are required. Accounting is, however, a complex administrative procedure, if the respective power systems are owned by different individuals and organizations. A transparent blockchain-based temper-proof approach can be a solution to automate metering and billing, allowing automatic payments between independent subsystem owners using smart contracts. In order to further optimize the smart mini-grid, an artificial intelligence learning algorithm for a dynamic electricity price needs to be developed. This smart and decentralized approach for building Mini-Grids is a novelty bringing solar systems one step closer to self-sufficiency. This paper describes how a smart mini-grid solution can be implemented using the Don Bosco Solar & Renewable Energy Center campus mini-grid in Tema, Ghana as a case study.
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Szcześniak, P., i Z. Fedyczak. "Application of the matrix converter to power flow control". Archives of Electrical Engineering 63, nr 3 (1.09.2014): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aee-2014-0030.
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Abstract Advanced power electronic converters can provide the means to control power flow and ensure proper and secure operation of the future power grid. The small electrical energy sources dispersed in electrical power systems referred to as distributed generation are one of the most significant parts of future grids - Smart Grids. The threephase, direct matrix converter is an alternative solution to the conventional AC-DC-AC converter for interfacing two AC systems in distributed power generation with different voltage and/or frequency parameters. This paper presents a control analysis of a threephase matrix converter employed as a power interface of future electrical grids. The proposed system has been successfully tested for bidirectional power flow operation with different grid operating conditions, such as, frequency and voltage variation
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Bruning, Jhosefe, Adroaldo D. Robaina, Marcia X. Peiter, Miguel Chaiben Neto, Silvana A. Rodrigues, Laura D. Ferreira, Tonismar dos S. Pereira i Luiz P. Kayser. "Economic performance of off-grid photovoltaic systems for irrigation". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 27, nr 1 (styczeń 2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n1p57-63.
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ABSTRACT Renewable energies are alternatives to replace fossil fuels and are crucial for the sustainability of the agricultural sector, besides being an important alternative for pumping water in irrigation. Thus, understanding revenues and expenses is fundamental in economic feasibility. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the behavior of economic indicators in off-grid solar energy system for irrigation based on different scenarios. Photovoltaic projects were developed for different irrigation powers ranging from 0.736 to 22.1 kW, and the costs for implementation and operation, as well as the occurrence of economy of scale were evaluated, and the levelized cost of energy for each power analyzed was determined. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed, considering the variation in product price and investment cost, to demonstrate the responses in relation to economic indicators. Photovoltaic energy projects showed increasing costs with the increase in power, and the normalized cost per kW followed an economy of scale, while the levelized cost of energy showed feasibility, except for the power of 22.1 kW. The sensitivity analyses showed profitability for the analyzed configurations.
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Dilparić-Cakić, Milica, i Mihajlo Ristić. "Smart grids and power system reliability". Zbornik radova Elektrotehnicki institut Nikola Tesla 31, nr 31 (2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zeint31-34940.
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Smart grids and the reliability of the power system issues are discussed in the paper. Smart Grids have emerged as a mean to increase the efficiency of energy systems around the world. Based on the analysis of Smart Grid implementation, liberalization of the electricity market and system reliability, it is concluded that Smart Grid has not improved the reliability of the power system The reliability can be improved only by constant investment in production and capital plants of the system, with optimal use of smart grids.. The paper presents the case study of disintegration of the power system under calm weather conditions, and case of low quality of power delivery where smart grids did not help enough.
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Held, Lukas, Felicitas Mueller, Sina Steinle, Mohammed Barakat, Michael R. Suriyah i Thomas Leibfried. "An Optimal Power Flow Algorithm for the Simulation of Energy Storage Systems in Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution Grids". Energies 14, nr 6 (15.03.2021): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061623.
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An optimal power flow algorithm for unbalanced three-phase distribution grids is presented in this paper as a new tool for grid planning on low voltage level. As additional equipment like electric vehicles, heat pumps or solar power systems can sometimes cause unbalanced power flows, existing algorithms have to be adapted. In comparison to algorithms considering balanced power flows, the presented algorithm uses a complete model of a three-phase four-wire low voltage grid. Additionally, a constraint for the voltage unbalance in the grid is introduced. The algorithm can be used to optimize the operation of energy storage systems in unbalanced systems. The used grid model, constraints, objective function and solver are explained in detail. A validation of the algorithm using a commercial tool is done. Additionally, three exemplary optimizations are performed to show possible applications for this tool.
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Yu, Xiaopeng, Changqing Xu, Dan Lu, Zeyu Zhu, Zhipeng Zhou, Nan Ye i Chuanmin Mi. "Design and Application of a Case Analysis System for Handling Power Grid Operational Accidents Based on Case-Based Reasoning". Information 11, nr 2 (8.02.2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11020091.
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In recent years, power grid accidents have occurred frequently and higher requirements have been placed on their safety operation. In current safety management in the world, there is an effective practice that uses a unified standard for structuring an accident case database and based on that database, conducts quantitative analysis to cope with accident risks. However, that is not the case for power safety management. Case-based reasoning (CBR) is such a process that solves new problems based on the solutions to similar past problems. It works by matching a current problem with historical cases and solutions in a database, in order to obtain similar case solutions or inspirations. In the matching process, if necessary, such past solutions may be modified in order to better adapt to the current actual problems. Based on the CBR method, this paper proposes how to construct a case database of power grid operational accidents, provide data support for management of power grid risks and provide knowledge services for accurate grasping of grid accident development dynamics and making quick decisions to rapidly response to the emergencies. First, it designs an operational accident case database after considering the following three aspects: case features, power grid features and accident features based on safety management theory. Secondly, in terms of how to use the power grid operational accident case database, it proposed a two-level search strategy, as well as the corresponding similarity calculation methods for different feature attributes of the case. Finally, it carried out a demonstration to verify the model by selecting four typical grid accidents. The grid database and CBR strategy proposed in this article could help China’s power grids practice intelligent analysis of grid operational accidents and improve digitalization in safety management.
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Nguyen-Van, Triet. "A Power Control Method for Hybrid Electrical Accommodation Systems". Energies 14, nr 20 (15.10.2021): 6681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206681.
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This paper presents a power control method for a hybrid electrical system, which enhances a conventional main AC grid by adding a DC sub-grid in parallel. In this system, each prosumer connects to the sub-grid via a couple of half-bridge inverters of a device called a power router. All of the power routers connected to the sub-grid are controlled such that they maintain the voltage of the sub-grid equally, which is an essential feature of peer-to-peer power accommodation without synchronization. This paper proposes an adaptive hysteresis current-control technique for controlling sub-grid-connected inverters that maintains the voltage of the sub-grid while accommodating a given power. The proposed control method also balances currents between positive and negative lines of the sub-grid simultaneously. The proposed control method is implemented on a high-speed FPGA-based digital controller and is evaluated on three prototypes of the power router. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields fast and stable responses and enables the power router to accommodate power with a high accuracy.
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Ahmad, Farhan. "Big Data Analytics in Smart Power Systems: A Survey Paper". UMT Artificial Intelligence Review 1, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/air.0102.02.
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In recent years, technology has brought us many advancements. One of them is integrating big data with smart grid/smart power. In this study, a scientific approach used to help the power system is studied. Additionally, with the help of previously published literature, different survey papers are reviewed to investigate the key challenges of integrating Big Data Analytics (BDA) with smart grid. Subsequently, BDA characteristics are also studied. Next, data analysis techniques and BDA applications in the domain of smart grids are studied. It is followed by a section discussing techniques such as Hadoop and Spark. Their framework is also briefly examined in order to know about their working. The last section provides a conclusion and future directions.
KEYWORDS: advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), applications of big data, big data analytics (BDA), data architectures, data mining, data privacy, data security, data uncertainty, data volume, hadoop, spark, Vz of the data, smart grid, smart power system big
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Bagdadee, Amam Hossain, i Li Zhang. "A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System". International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 8, nr 4 (październik 2019): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2019100105.
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The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.
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Gao, Yong Xin. "Study on Effect of Micro-Power System Operation and Market Environment". Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (kwiecień 2013): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.149.
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Micro-grid to facilitate a large number of distributed energy resources (DER) interconnection and access in the low voltage distribution system, provides a mechanism to take advantage of DER generating units, micro-grid profiles are described in the text and its development, micro-Islanding detection of grid management systems, micro-grid issues and micro-grids, market competitive issues. That urgency of micro-grid and Islanding detection methods, along with bidding in power market, the only generation involved in unilateral bidding mechanism and power side and the user side and participate in bilateral bidding mechanism.
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Zhao, Xiang Dong, Xin Zhao, Ming Jun Lv, Jian Guo Liu, Feng Zhen Liu i Yan Hui Sun. "Summary of the Stability Chanllenges and Safe Operation of Power Systems in View of Dispatching". Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (czerwiec 2014): 1588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1588.
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The Internet and the gradual implementation of the continuous power grid market in recent years make the power system more complex under different operating environment. Safe and stable operation of power grids have become increasingly important . With the rapidf development of the grid and constant innovation, safe and stable operation also has a new requirement , because the rapid development of the power system brings more This paper analyzes the causes of blackouts and reviews security of the power system stability problems related to measures on the security and stability of the power system operation .
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Ma, Chao-Tsung, i Bing-Hong Yao. "Design and Implementation of an Integrated Control Scheme for GaN-Based Multiple Power Converters". Micromachines 14, nr 4 (11.04.2023): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14040833.
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In response to the rapid changes in the international energy environment, developing renewable energy (RE)-based distributed generation (DG) and various smart micro-grid systems is crucial for creating a robust electric power grid and new energy industries. In this aspect, there is an urgent need to develop hybrid power systems suitable for coexistent AC and DC power grids, integrated by high-performance wide ban gap (WBG) semiconductor-based power conversion interfaces and advanced operating and control strategies. Due to the intrinsic feature of variation in RE-based power generation, the design and integration of energy storage devices, real-time regulation of power flow, and intelligent energy control schemes are key technologies for further promoting DG systems and micro-grids. This paper investigates an integrated control scheme for multiple GaN-based power converters in a small- to medium-capacity, grid-connected, and RE-based power system. This is the first time that a complete design case demonstrating three GaN-based power converters with different control functions integrated with a single digital signal processor (DSP) chip to achieve a reliable, flexible, cost effective, and multifunctional power interface for renewable power generation systems is presented. The system studied includes a photovoltaic (PV) generation unit, a battery energy storage unit, a grid-connected single-phase inverter, and a power grid. Based on system operation condition and the state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage unit, two typical operating modes and advanced power control functions are developed with a fully digital and coordinated control scheme. Hardware of the GaN-based power converters and digital controllers are designed and implemented. The feasibility and effectiveness of the designed controllers and overall performance of the proposed control scheme are verified with results from simulation and experimental tests on a 1-kVA small-scale hardware system.
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Patsalides, Minas, Christina N. Papadimitriou, Venizelos Efthymiou, Roberto Ciavarella, Marialaura Di Somma, Anna Wakszyńska, Michał Kosmecki, Giorgio Graditi i Maria Valenti. "Frequency Stability Evaluation in Low Inertia Systems Utilizing Smart Hierarchical Controllers". Energies 13, nr 13 (7.07.2020): 3506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133506.
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The high penetration of the Renewable Energy Sources and other emerging technologies likely to be installed in future power grids will pose new operational challenges to grid operators. One of the main issues expected to affect the operation of the power grid is the impact of inverter-based technologies to the power system inertia and, hence, to system stability. Consequently, the main challenge of the future grid is the evaluation of the frequency stability in the presence of inverter-based systems and how the aforementioned technology can support frequency stability without the help of the rotating masses of the traditional power grid systems. To assess the above problem, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the frequency stability in a projection of the real distribution grid in Cyprus with the time horizon to be the year 2030. The power grid under investigation is evaluated with and without the presence of smart hierarchical controllers for providing support to the power system under disturbance conditions. The advanced controllers were applied to manage the available power resource in a fast and effective manner to maintain frequency within nominal levels. The controllers have been implemented in two hierarchical levels revealing useful responses for managing low-inertia networks. The first is set to act locally within a preselected area and the second level effectively supporting the different areas for optimal operation. After undertaking a significant number of simulations for time-series of one year, it was concluded from the results that the local control approach manages to minimize the frequency excursion effectively and influence all related attributes including the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), frequency nadir and frequency zenith.
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Günther, Matthias. "Are High Renewable Energy Shares In Large Power Grids In Indonesia Too Expensive?" ICONIET PROCEEDING 2, nr 1 (12.02.2019): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/iconiet.v2i1.8.
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High shares of power from renewable resources in large power supply grids do not imply insurmountable technical problem anymore. A question is rather whether, besides the technical feasibility, it is also economically viable to go for a high share of power from sun, wind, water, geothermal resources and biomass. This paper scrutinizes the costs of a renewable-energy based power supply in the Java-Bali grid, by far the largest grid in Indonesia. The study refers to a challenging power supply scenario in which 100% of the power in the Java-Bali grid comes from renewable resources. This scenario is expressed in a one-year modeling of the load and the respective power supply in the grid. The modeling identifies possible sets of installed capacities of the different power plant types and storage systems that allow the supply of the required electricity. A cost scenario is applied to these sets, which renders the system costs, and finally the power generation costs. All scenarios refer to the year 2050. The results show that, assuming moderate financing costs, the cost of the electricity generation in the possible supply systems would not be higher than that in currently existing systems in developed countries; and it would even not be far away from the power generation cost in the current Java-Bali grid. A secondary result of the study is that the usage of special long-term storage systems for the balancing of seasonal power supply fluctuations, additionally to pumped storages and batteries, is not economically necessary in the considered grid.
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Sheryazov, Saken Koyshybaevich, Sultanbek Sansyzbaevich Issenov, Ruslan Maratbekovich Iskakov i Argyn Bauyrzhanuly Kaidar. "Special Aspects of Using the Wind Power Plants In the Power Supply System". E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801003.
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The paper describes special aspects of using the wind power plants (wind turbines) in the power grid. The paper provides the classification and schematic presentation of AC wind turbines, analyzes the role, place and performance of wind power plants in Smart Grid systems with a large share of renewable energy sources. The authors also reviews a detailed analysis of existing AC wind turbines in this paper. Recommendations are given for how to enhance the wind power plants in smart grids in terms of reliability, and introduce the hardware used in the generation, conversion and interface systems into the existing power grid. After the wind power plants had been put online, the relevance of the Smart Grid concept for existing power grids was obvious. The execution of such projects is assumed to be financially costly, requires careful study, and development of flexible algorithms, but in some cases this may be the only approach. The analysis of using wind turbines shows that the structural configuration of wind power plants can be based on the principles known in the power engineering. The approaches may differ, not fundamentally, but in engineering considerations. it is necessary to point out that the method of controlling dual-power machines is quite comprehensive so that their wide use will face operational problems caused by the lack of highly professional specialists in electric drives. Therefore, it seems advisable to use square-cage asynchronous generators in wide applications. The paper shows that as the renewable energy sources are largely used in power grids, there is an issue of maintaining the power generation at a required level considering the variability of incoming wind energy. This results in the malfunctions in the operation of relay protection devices and emergency control automatics (RP and ECA), and the complicated control. Also, the standards of the CIS countries and regulatory documents miss the requirements for the wind turbine protections, taking into account their specialty causing the inefficient standard protective logic, which does not work correctly in a number of abnormal and emergency operating modes, and especially Smart Grid in power grids.
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Nair, Divya R., Manjula G. Nair i Tripta Thakur. "A Smart Microgrid System with Artificial Intelligence for Power-Sharing and Power Quality Improvement". Energies 15, nr 15 (27.07.2022): 5409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155409.
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The widespread popularity of renewable and sustainable sources of energy such as solar and wind calls for the integration of renewable energy sources into electrical power grids for sustainable development. Microgrids minimize power quality issues in the main grid by linking with an active filter and furnishing reactive power compensation, harmonic mitigation, and load balancing at the point of common coupling. The reliability issues faced by standalone DC microgrids can be managed by interlinking microgrids with a power grid. An artificial intelligence-based Icosϕ control algorithm for power sharing and power quality improvement in smart microgrid systems is proposed here to render grid-integrated power systems more intelligent. The proposed controller considers various uncertainties caused by load variations, state of charge of the battery of microgrids, and power tariff based on the availability of power in microgrids. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the integration of wind and solar microgrids with the grid for dynamic power flow management in order to improve the power quality and to reduce the burden, thereby strengthening the central grid. A smart grid system with multiple smart microgrids coupled with a renewable energy source with tariff control and judicious power flow management was simulated for power-sharing and power quality improvement. A hardware prototype of the artificial intelligence-based Icosϕ control algorithm with nonlinear load was also implemented successfully. Furthermore, the economic viability was investigated to ensure the feasibility of the smart microgrid system with the proposed controller design for power flow management and power quality improvement.
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Cheng, Junwen, Qi Jiang, Gong Cheng, Ruibang Gong i Xuan Du. "Distribution Network Grid Planning and Automatic Routing Based on Cluster Analysis Algorithm". Security and Communication Networks 2022 (21.08.2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7262323.
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In order to improve the efficiency of power grid enterprises under the background of new power reform, the author proposes a set of planning ideas and methods for medium-voltage distribution networks based on the optimal division of power supply grids. First, the layout of the main channel in the planning area should be determined to ensure the reservation of land resources. Then, on the basis of clarifying the purpose and principle of grid division, based on the selection of the nearest load backup substation and the load clustering method, the optimal division of the power supply grid should be realized on a global scale. Finally, in each power supply grid, the wiring mode and the primary and secondary construction and renovation standards are selected based on the classification of the supply area, and the main line wiring planning is carried out. For the grid frame in the transition year, in order to avoid repeated reconstruction and facilitate construction, the principle of piece-by-piece construction and reconstruction is proposed. The results show that by the target year, each power supply grid in the planning area will use two substations as power points, the power supply range of the main lines of each grid is limited to this grid, the lines between grids will not be connected, and the line connection rate will reach 100% and all meet the N-1 check. The proposed method follows the basic planning concept of “technically feasible and economically optimal” on the basis of overall planning and transforms the complex global planning of distribution network into local planning within each optimized grid, and it enables different planners to obtain a basically consistent grid optimization scheme, strengthens the scientificity and certainty of planning, and provides a reference for the revision and refinement of relevant guidelines, which has been practically applied.
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Kostenko, Ganna, i Artur Zaporozhets. "Enhancing of the power system resilience through the application of micro power systems (microgrid) with renewable distributed generation". System Research in Energy 2023, nr 3 (25.08.2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.025.
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The power sector plays a critical role in the functioning of the economy and the security of a country, being closely interconnected with other vital infrastructures, such as gas supply, water supply, transportation, and telecommunications. Ensuring a stable power supply is crucial for the uninterrupted operation of these systems. One way to enhance the resilience of the power system is by integrating local networks with distributed renewable generation into the overall energy infrastructure. The flexibility, stability, controllability, and self-healing capabilities of microgrids make them an effective solution for improving the resilience of the power system. The power grid is susceptible to disturbances and disruptions that can cause large-scale power outages for consumers. Statistical data indicates that approximately 90% of outages occur due to issues in the distribution system, thus research focuses on local microgrids with distributed renewable generation. This study analyzed the role of microgrids with renewable generation in enhancing the resilience of power systems. Additionally, functions of microgrids that contribute to enhancing power system resilience, such as service restoration, network formation strategies, control and stability, as well as preventive measures, were summarized. It was found that local microgrids have significant potential to enhance power system resilience through the implementation of various strategies, from emergency response planning to providing reliable energy supply for quick responses to military, environmental, and human-induced crises. The concept of local distributed energy generation, storage, and control can reduce reliance on long-distance power transmission lines, reduce network vulnerabilities, and simultaneously improve its resilience and reduce recovery time. It has been determined that the most necessary and promising approaches to enhance the resilience of the power system include developing appropriate regulatory frameworks, implementing automatic frequency and power control systems, ensuring resource adequacy (including the reservation of technical components), promoting distributed generation, integrating energy storage systems into the energy grid, and strengthening cyber security. Keywords: resilience, local power systems, MicroGrid, distributed generation, renewable energy sources.
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Joãozinho Sguarezi Filho, Alfeu, Carlos Eduardo Capovilla, Ivan R. S. Casella, Rogério Vani Jacomini, José Luis Azcue Puma i Ernesto Ruppert Filho. "A Smart Grid Wireless Neuro-fuzzy Power Control For Wind Energy Systems". Eletrônica de Potência 18, nr 3 (1.08.2013): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2013.3.10221029.
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Swain, Akhyurna, Elmouatamid Abdellatif, Ahmed Mousa i Philip W. T. Pong. "Sensor Technologies for Transmission and Distribution Systems: A Review of the Latest Developments". Energies 15, nr 19 (6.10.2022): 7339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197339.
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The transmission and distribution systems are essential in facilitating power flow from the source multiple loads over large distances with high magnitudes of voltages and currents. Hence, the monitoring and control of various components of these structures are crucial. Traditionally, this was implemented by sensing only the grid current and grid voltage parameters through coils, clamps, or instrument transformers. However, these have bulky structures that restrict them to the substation and have installation and maintenance issues due to their direct contact with high voltage conductors. Currently, the power grid is undergoing various developments e.g., penetration of renewable energy sources, remote control, and automation, bidirectional power flow, etc. These developments call for compact and energy-efficient sensors to sense multiple grid parameters such as the magnetic field data, temperature, humidity, acoustics, etc., to enable real time, wide area monitoring and the predictive maintenance of the power grid. The goal of this paper is to summarize the advancements in sensing technologies on transmission and distribution systems over a decade and to explain their role in the forthcoming expansion of the power grids. This paper aims to outline the current state-of-affairs of sensor technology as well as to fill research gaps by exploring their limitations.
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Laribi, Ouafa, i Krzysztof Rudion. "Optimized Planning of Distribution Grids Considering Grid Expansion, Battery Systems and Dynamic Curtailment". Energies 14, nr 17 (24.08.2021): 5242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175242.
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The increasing integration of renewable energies into the grid is calling for the expansion of the power transport capacities in the distribution system. Yet, the expansion of the grid could require long authorization procedures and cannot be always asserted. Therefore, a higher utilization of the existing grid is becoming increasingly necessary today. This paper proposes a new time series-based planning method for distribution systems using classical grid expansion instruments as well as innovative planning instruments such as battery storage systems (BSS) and dynamic power curtailment (DPC). These planning instruments could be applied individually or combined. The aim of the BSS and DPC application is to enable a higher utilization of the grid at minimal costs. The proposed method, which has been implemented as an automated planning algorithm, determines the cost-optimal grid reinforcement measures that ensure the prevention of prognosticated congestions in the considered grid. Furthermore, the application of the proposed planning method on the considered power system has proven that a combination of BSS and grid expansion could be more economical than an individual application of BSS and grid expansion.
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Komarnicki, Przemysław. "Energy storage systems: power grid and energy market use cases". Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, nr 3 (1.09.2016): 495–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0036.
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Abstract Current power grid and market development, characterized by large growth of distributed energy sources in recent years, especially in Europa, are according energy storage systems an increasingly larger field of implementation. Existing storage technologies, e.g. pumped-storage power plants, have to be upgraded and extended by new but not yet commercially viable technologies (e.g. batteries or adiabatic compressed air energy storage) that meet expected demands. Optimal sizing of storage systems and technically and economically optimal operating strategies are the major challenges to the integration of such systems in the future smart grid. This paper surveys firstly the literature on the latest niche applications. Then, potential new use case and operating scenarios for energy storage systems in smart grids, which have been field tested, are presented and discussed and subsequently assessed technically and economically.
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Esmail, Yahia M., Ali H. Kasem Alaboudy, M. S. Hassan i Gamal M. Dousoky. "Mitigating power quality disturbances in smart grid using FACTS". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, nr 3 (1.06.2021): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i3.pp1223-1235.
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Power quality (PQ) assurance is a vital part of electrical distribution networks. There are many advantages and benefits of improving PQ, especially in the modern/smart grid. Smart grid (SG) has a lot of complicated and sensitive electrical components (non-linear loads) in addition to renewable energy systems (wind-solar) that may also be a source of PQ disturbances. PQ problems harm personal life and national production. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) are among the fastest response flexible alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) installed in smart grids to mitigate power quality disturbances such as voltage fluctuations, sag, swell, and harmonics. In this research, STATCOM and UPQC are designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to overcome PQ-related disruptions in smart grids. Accordingly, the differences between the proposed two solutions are highlighted across this research and renewable energy sources' reliability during faults. Therefore, the reader will be able to choose the appropriate FACTS devices. This study emphasizes the extent of the smart grid need for the FACTS. As per the given results of this study, STATCOM and UPQC have shown exemplary performance in the PQ improvement investigations conducted in the context of smart/modern grids.