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Villaeys, Julie. "La genèse de l’identité royale égyptienne de Nagada I à Nagada III (3900-2700 avant notre ère)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUL164.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaPre- and protodynastic Egypt (3900 - 2700 BCE) is a formative period, during which the state and kingship are gradually being established. It is also a world teeming with images: in a context where hieroglyphic writing had not yet made its appearance or is just beginning to emerge, iconography and the material support with which it is associated occupy a central place. Artistic productions convey concepts directly related to ideology. They are therefore the medium of choice for expressing royal identity. However, particular attention needs to be paid to terms and concepts. When can we start talking about "kings"? Is it appropriate to draw a line between 'chief' and 'king'? We will see that kingship remains a vague and etic semantic concept, which is also poorly integrated into the socio-political classifications of societies. In the end, it seems wiser to move beyond the quest for the 'first kings' and focus instead on the iconographic mechanisms that structure a more general identity of power throughout the Pre- and Protodynastic periods. We will thus see the emergence of several visual markers linked to power, as well as several iconographic dynamics that intersect in the iconographic theatre. While it is not easy to associate the concrete reality of the exercise of power with a mode of iconographic representation, it is nonetheless possible to perceive the existence of ruptures and continuities. These are mainly linked to the representation of power as a concept, not linked to an earthly individual, or to its personalisation. During the Nagada II and III periods in particular, certain iconographic markers were re-exploited and diverted to suit new needs and serve the expression of a "royal" identity
Baud, Michel. "Famille royal et pouvoir sous l'Ancien Empire égyptien". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040116.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present study aims at clarifying the role of the royal family in the kingship and institutions of the old kingdom egypt (about 2700-2200 b. C. ). The need of a precise dating of the individuals leads to a critical analysis of the usual methods, especially those which use figurative criteria (ch. 1). On this basis, the study of the chronology of the tombs of dahshur necropolis, with numerous royal sons, is reappraised (ch. 2). The boudaries of the royal family group is then investigated, by categories (sons, queens, royal mothers, etc), the kinship being fictive or real. The historiography of the topic is fully investigated. Ch. 4, divided according to the avovementioned categories, is a precise analysis of the relations between those groups and the power. Royal sons and administration, queens and kingship , royal daughters and the matrimonial policy of the monarchy. The end of the chapter is devoted to the problems pf the royal succession to the throne, and the link between dynasty and lineage. The files about the individuals (a little less than 300) are in a separate corpus, and gather together informations about dating (according to the principles set up in ch. 1), titles and genealogy
Delvaux, Luc. ""Donné en récompense de la part du roi" (DÍW M ḤSWT NT ḪR NSW) : statuaire privée et pouvoir en Egypte ancienne". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR20083.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to analyze the formula "Given by favour of the king" (dỉw m ḥswt nt ḫr nsw), conspicuously written on some fifty private statues, dating from the Middle Kingdom to the Third Intermediate Period, as on many other objets of very different kinds. These "statues of reward" which bear this standardized expression were offered by the king to deserving dignitaries. They are among the few Egyptian works of art whose inscriptions speak of their own creation. The study of the other documents bearing the formula has led to describe how the statues were made by the royal workshops, and given by the king. Moreover it showed that this group of statues belonged to what can be called an "art of power", portraying the main courtiers of the country, and their relationships with the pharaonic kingship. The chronological approach of the royal gift formula shed light on the evolution of this king-elite connections, and on the political and ideological changes of the pharaonic society
Payraudeau, Frédéric. "L'administration thébaine : la société et le pouvoir du début de la XXIIème dynastie jusqu'à la conquête éthiopienne". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040196.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis studies bears on the administration and the society at Thebes, capital of the Upper Egypt under the 22nd dynasty known as " bubastite " (c. 945-730 BC). First, the chronological phases of this period in term of political history have been reconstructed, the country passing from a strong royal power phase (Sheshonq I to Osorkon II) to a civil war corresponding to the emancipation of Thebes. After the North-South division, the South is governed by a local line of the 22nd dynasty (Osorkon III) up to the kushite arrival that arise in the second part of the VIIIth century. This period is caracterised by the rising of strong lineage of functionnaries that can be reconstructed from the documentation. The state structures in the South show in a general way a continuity with the late ramesside period : The power of the vizier is now reduced to the judiciary matters, whereas the prerogatives of the treasurer and the royal secretary don't change. One can note in the lower levels of the administrations a reduction of the state offices in favour of the temples administrations. This period has long been seen as feudal, but this system does not provide a sufficient explanation for all the phenomenas, specially in Thebes. The state structures of the Bubastite Period are in fact a system where the power lays in the hands of the royal family and his allies, like in others periods of Ancient Egypt history and whose libya origines can not be demonstrated. The kings keep Thebes under their control appointing a royal son as high priest of Amun, whereas a matrimonial policy with the lineages allows the power to keep with the hereditary succession in administratives offices
Thomazo, Jean-Christophe. "La maison et le temple : les stratégies familiales du clergé durant la première moitié de la XVIIIe dynastie". Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims at bringing to light the function of the familial group in the organization of the Egyptian society during the beginning of the XVIIIth dynasty (from Amosis to Amenhotep II) from the study of the familial background of the priesthood. A prior analysis of kinship terminology used during the period provides data allowing the reconstruction of genealogies of priests and priestesses. This lexicographical study shows that terms of kinship are indeed used unequivocally. Then, by crossing genealogical and prosopographical informations, a trend of professional reproduction can be noticed within the priesthood. Replaced in its historic and social context, this phenomenon reveals, as there is no rule of hereditary transmission neither direct appointment by the king, the existence of family strategies for settling in temples. This leads to revise the definition of the egyptian family and to revalue its role in the functionning of society. Indeed, the studied family groups appear to be organised like aristocratic “houses”, gathering numerous members belonging to various ranked groups (blood relatives, relatives by marriage, dependants, close relations…) sharing common interests. These houses, which position and capacity of action are recognized, structure the society and are privileged partners for the newly established central power at the beginning of the XVIIIth dynasty. Outside the main study of social history, a discovery of more general impact has to be to point out, that is the role played by graphic necessities in the composition of hieroglyphic texts
Yoyotte, Marine. "Le « harem » royal dans l’Égypte ancienne. Enquête philologique, archéologique et prosopographique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040113.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe word "harem" invariably refers to an orientalist fantasy built around the Turkish harem. The "harem" in Ancient Egypt was then due for a redefinition based on the known attestations dating from the Old Kingdom to the Late Period. The two expressions used to designate it, jpt nsw and pr xnty, allow to evoke at the same time the community of women and children who live there, the building that houses them, as well as the institution as a whole, which is a royal privilege. Originally, the "harem" constitutes private quarters in the king’s palace; then during the New Kingdom, it can characterize "harems" separated from the pharaoh’s residence but still integrated into the palace complex, along with the creation of "harems" outside the palace complex. The "harem" then experienced a considerable growth both in terms of institution as well as of architecture, probably due in part to the setting up of diplomatic marriages with daughters of foreign rulers. It is under the reign of Thutmose III that was built the "harem" of Mi-wer, located at the southern entrance of the Fayyum depression. The fact that it includes the only remains of such an architectural structure as well as a written documentation therefore deserved a specific attention. We also examined the inhabitants of the "harem" and the employees who were in charge of its administration. These people are the subject of an exhaustive prosopographical study conducted to determine how this administrative unit was organized but also to understand the microsociety that was such an institution
Fort-Cardon, Elisabeth. "Les Empereurs et les membres de la famille impériale dans les deux provinces espagnoles de la Bétique et de la Tarraconaise à partir des sources épigraphiques, numismatiques et iconographiques, aux deux premiers siècles de notre ère". Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040182.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuérin, Samuel. "Le scribe royal de la Tombe Boutéhamon et l'Ère de la Renaissance". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30072.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe royal scribe of the Tomb Butehamun is an outstanding Theban character, evidence for whom spans the last years of the 20th dynasty and the first years of the Third Intermediate Period (from Rameses XI to Smendes I). Butehamun was the son of the scribe of the Tomb Djehutymes. He is mentioned in numerous epigraphic (letters, graffiti and dipinti from the Theban necropolis, ostraca, phylactery, mummy label) and archaeological sources (architectural remains at Medinet Habu, dispersed coffins, a possible reference to his burial at Deir el-Medineh). Close examination of this body of documents allows reconstructing the career of this high ranking civil servant within his own time. Furthermore, it serves the reassessment of the uncertain chronology of the relevant pharaohs’ reigns and of the period known as “the Renaissance”
Olivier, Julien. "Archè et Chrèmata en Égypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204 –81 av. J.-C.) : Étude de numismatique et d’histoire". Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE1132.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is dedicated to the Ptolemaic gold and silver coins as means of action of kings of Alexandria from the advent of Ptolemy V in 204 until the death of Ptolemy IX in 81. This expanded second century is usually considered as a time of deep crisis of the royal power, then battling against internal revolts in Egypt, dynastic fights and weakened by the loss of most of the foreign territories except Cyprus and Cyrene. In this context, the place and the role of the Ptolemaic issues in the management of the kingdom by the Ptolemies can be questioned. We listed 6 413 coins within a catalog to collect a maximum of information there as well as to realize a study of the levels of production throughout the all period. Then, an updated catalog of hoards and isolated finds is added. The second part is dedicated to the whole importanceas well as to the classifications of these broadcast issues which are discussed and sometimes revised with regards to the information gathered. For that purpose, the contribution of 380 elemental analysis of gold and silver coins achieved in the IRAMAT laboratory supplies a sum of new information. Finally, we try to insert the new data produced intothe general knowledge of the history of the Ptolemaic kingdom in the second century. The stake is to determine to what degree the use of coins can reflect the royal policies. It is also advisable to define the importance of this means of payment and in which cases it is used. In the end, the testimony of coinage allows us to analyze certain aspects of the reaction of the Ptolemaic royal power confronting difficulties met in the second century
Danilova, Margaritta. "Les « enfants du sérail » et l’institution du Kap aux Moyen et Nouvel Empires". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30046.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main goal of this PhD is the definition of what is the institution of 'Kap' and who were the 'children of the seraglio' .The time frame of the project is limited by XII-XIII and XVII- XVIII dynasties. This study will be in connection with linguistic, lexical, historical and archaeological areas of ancient Egypt. Many texts will be translated and analyzed which will give us a possibility to date numerous objects. This work will participate in the indexing of many titles and new words, offering new translations. An archaeological field research in Egypt including Theban and Memphite tombs is planned. With all this, it will be possible to establish a list of the full and associate members of their family. This first catalog will be the one of the first significant step in the development of an index of titulatures the New Kingdom
Bernal, Cécile. "Dans le secret du roi : hommes et espaces confidentiels en Égypte ancienne, des origines à la fin du Nouvel Empire". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040211.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study deals with the concept of « secret », in the specific context of kingship in Ancient Egypt, focusing on its requirements, its forms and its structural implications, from the beginning of the Old Kingdom until the end of the New Kingdom. A linguistic research on the Egyptian terms translating as « secret » and « private » and their synonyms (s)StA, waaw, Dsrw, jmn et HAp being the most common , which is complemented by a prosopographic study, enabled us to pinpoint the different categories of individuals who had access to the « secrets » and private affairs of the Egyptian kingship and what conditions were required to maintain secrecy. Then this privilege must have implied a real participation in the personal tasks performed for the king, whether these were rituals or affairs calling for discretion. The officials’ titles involving secrecy and knowledge of specific private rules, in particular the Hry-sStA title « he who is in charge of secrets », indicate the field of responsabilities and of activities of their holders in the king's entourage, in the king’s cult and in state administration. Some individuals could access to the restricted areas of the royal apartments, for a private consultation related to state affairs or in order to perform rites or ceremonies associated with the king. Each of these situations displays the determination of these officials, close to the king, to preserve the sanctity of the royal office. Studying these areas of confidentiality allows a better understanding of the pharaoh’s personal and ritualized life, in order to improve our perception of the functioning of royal power in Ancient Egypt
Olivier, Julien. "Archè et Chrèmata en Égypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204 –81 av. J.-C.) : Étude de numismatique et d’histoire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE1132.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is dedicated to the Ptolemaic gold and silver coins as means of action of kings of Alexandria from the advent of Ptolemy V in 204 until the death of Ptolemy IX in 81. This expanded second century is usually considered as a time of deep crisis of the royal power, then battling against internal revolts in Egypt, dynastic fights and weakened by the loss of most of the foreign territories except Cyprus and Cyrene. In this context, the place and the role of the Ptolemaic issues in the management of the kingdom by the Ptolemies can be questioned. We listed 6 413 coins within a catalog to collect a maximum of information there as well as to realize a study of the levels of production throughout the all period. Then, an updated catalog of hoards and isolated finds is added. The second part is dedicated to the whole importanceas well as to the classifications of these broadcast issues which are discussed and sometimes revised with regards to the information gathered. For that purpose, the contribution of 380 elemental analysis of gold and silver coins achieved in the IRAMAT laboratory supplies a sum of new information. Finally, we try to insert the new data produced intothe general knowledge of the history of the Ptolemaic kingdom in the second century. The stake is to determine to what degree the use of coins can reflect the royal policies. It is also advisable to define the importance of this means of payment and in which cases it is used. In the end, the testimony of coinage allows us to analyze certain aspects of the reaction of the Ptolemaic royal power confronting difficulties met in the second century
Edwin, Dalino. "Les grands prêtres d’Égypte à la fin du Nouvel Empire (XIXe-XXe dynasties) : histoire du haut clergé sous les Ramessides". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30054.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the continuity of my works executed before, the project will be to reconstruct the best possible the history of high priests of Egypt during the End of the New Kingdom, main characters of local power. This goal will require a gathering and a thorough analysis of archaeologic documents this high personages have left : steles, low-relief, statues, funerary monuments... This first work will allow foremost to achieve a chronology and to understand the genealogy of involved families, then relationship between its. Then, I will have to study caracteristics of their functions to better understand their significance. This first two phases of the development will constitute the introduction to an historical essay, which will try to site each character in relation with Pharaoh and also with others characters of the same time. In this way, we will be certainly able to understand their role and impact on the history of Egypt of the end of the New Kingdom, just before the Third Intermediary Period
Pillon, Andrea. "Pouvoir et prestige des élites locales en Égypte à la Première Période intermédiaire : études sur l’administration et la société égyptiennes de la fin du IIIe millénaire". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL007.
Pełny tekst źródłaEgypt's First Intermediate Period is often portrayed as a time of crisis of the royal authority, political fragmentation, and loss of traditional ethical values. The aim of this research is to assess the features of this transformation in the social organization, through the lens of institutional history. The primary sources analysed are chiefly the commemorative texts of the towns' dignitaries and the members of their households; they includes titles, epithets, and autobiographical records that reveal how the higher ranks of society defined their authority, i.e. their power and prestige. The study of the roles and behaviour of these individuals within four administrative areas (i.e. central, territorial, palace, and temple administration) and in the private domain makes it possible to conclude that the First Intermediate Period does not constitute a clear break with the past. On the other hand, the increase in the number of centres that were provided with their own workshops for the production of inscribed monuments offers a new view of the contemporary urban societies, and of the link that the provincial elites maintain with the capital at the end of the 3rd millennium. Some features distinctive of the First Intermediate Period (for instance, the importance of military activities) are also considered
Chassanite, Christophe. "L'idéologie et les pratiques monarchiques des rois grecs en Bactriane et en Inde". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1009/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaGreek kings' domination in Central Asia and Western Antique India was effective from the IIIth Century BC till the beginning of Christian Era. The Greek kings of Central Asia image appears warlike, because their power was at the beginning and mainly a military one. We may suppose that, according to the example of the other Hellenistic sovereigns, these kings spread their sculptured portraits, organized a royal cult, and sometimes ruled with their son ; a royal itinerant court escorted them. The economic management of Greek Central Asia was so effective that the area prospered in spite of wars : the roads were protected, trade and irrigation developed, their fiscal and administrative system is similar to the Persian or Seleucid efficiency. These kings were remarkable because they adapted to the linguistic and religious environments : they defended the Greek language and culture, for political reasons and to preserve their identity ; the coins they engraved were sometimes bilingual, and we identify on it the image of Gods who are compatible with local faiths or pictorial habits. We may suppose that, circa Christian era, after defeat or disappearance of their kings, Greeks were slowly absorbed into the Asian world
Gerun, Yvan. "Le véhicule et son iconographie au Proche-Orient ancien du IVème au début du premier millénaire avant J.C". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG061.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe appearance of the vehicule in the Ancient Near East occurs in a space who is a leader for the taming, the training and the control of the big mammals. From the origins, at the end of the 4th millennium, an iconography develops linked with royal ideology (with social rituals). The social function is more important than the transport function. There is always a link with religion. Probably terracotta models have a votive function. There are numerous vehicles in the iconography at least until the first millennium BC. The themes are : hunting, domination, trampled enemy. There is a peak of quality in the ED IIIb. Globally the production is irregular: in some powerful estates
Paquette, Sepideh. "Recherches sur la cour royale égyptienne à l’époque saïte (664-525 av. J.-C.)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20139.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis offers an analysis of the Egyptian "royal court" under the XXVIth Saite Dynasty (664-525 BC) based on textual (private and official records) and historical sources. The synthesis develops around three main axes and deals with the "Court" in its social meaning as defined by the historical sociology. The first part, then, concentrates on the study of the court as the House of the sovereign and attempts to identify the activities which characterize the "court life", its domestic organization and which make the curial space "private" or "official". The second part examines the court as a symbol of social order and the outil of representation and communication of the monarchic authority: the protocol of the Royal palace and its key role to maintain the social balance between the Saite kings and their subjects (system of the favours ḥswt) are analyzed here. The third part focuses on the social actors of the Residence (courtiers and royal entourage) and tends to demonstrate the various categories of these elites and to reveal the modalities of their accesses to the palace and to the position of "model courtier" within the hierarchical order of the court. Finally, the diachronic study followed throughout the synthesis allows to better comprehend the impact of the Archaism on the Saite palace institution and consequently to estimate the continuity and/or the changes of this system compared to the traditional models of the Pharaonic court. The corpus includes a group of prosopographical data belonging to more than 130 royal high officials. The third volume is composed of three sections general bibliography, appendices and indexes
Payen, Germain. "Les conséquences géopolitiques du traité d’Apamée en Asie Mineure". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040055.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines the effects of the peace of Apamea with regard to the political relations between the Anatolian states and analyses the importance that this region played in Mediterranean politics following this accord. The treaty of Apamea, concluded in 188 BC between Rome and the Seleucid kingdom, became a diplomatic milestone for Asia Minor and the entirety of Anatolia, then freed from Seleucid domination. The study of this subject has a long tradition in modern historiography, which consists of works focused on either the appearance of Roman imperialism in the East, or the political and administrative lives of the Greek cities. This study is specifically devoted to the central political powers of the Anatolian peninsula; that is to say, the independent kingdoms of Anatolia. The changes seen on the geopolitical balance of this fragmented region can be linked to the profound modifications on the scale of the whole Mediterranean. The sources considered include Greek, Latin and oriental documents and artefacts, as well as some “World History” theoretical approaches. The further evolution of the Apamean order can then be followed up until the disappearance of any powerful local power outside the foreign nations incorporated into imperial rule. The simultaneous defeats of Mithridates VI of Pontus and Tigranes of Armenia against Rome mark the end of this situation where independent kingdoms in this region pursued their own autonomous foreign policies
Poiron, Perrine. "Les formes du pouvoir à l'époque des premiers rois Lagides : un métissage entre l'idéologie politique des basileis et des pharaons?" Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4652/1/M12416.pdf.
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