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Aryani, Ida, Gamal Abdul Nasser, Dali Dali, Neni Marlina, Marlina Marlina, Khodijah Khodijah, Joni Ph Rompas i Ahid Zamroni. "Potensi Peningkatan Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt) Melalui Kombinasi Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen dan Kalium". Journal on Education 5, nr 4 (20.04.2023): 16276–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2773.
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This study aims to obtain the right dosage of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers as well as the interaction between nitrogen and potassium in increasing the growth and yield of sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata). This study used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 treatment factors, namely nitrogen and potassium fertilizer treatment, with 3 replications. Factor I Nitrogen fertilizer treatment with the dose: N0: Without nitrogen fertilizer (control), N1: Nitrogen fertilizer 150 kg/ha Urea, N2: Nitrogen fertilizer 300 kg/ha Urea. Factor II Potassium Fertilizer : K0 : Without Potassium Fertilizer (control), KI : Potassium Fertilizer 200 kg/ha K2O, K2 : Potassium Fertilizer 300 kg/ha K2O. The parameters observed in this study were plant height (cm), cob length (cm), cob weight (grams), cob diameter (grams) and dry chestnut weight (grams). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the treatment of nitrogen fertilizers and potassium fertilizers had a significant to very significant effect on all observed variables. The interaction of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers had a significant effect on cob weight and had a very significant effect on plant height, cob diameter and dry matter weight and had no significant effect on cob length.
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Wang, Jin, Yuhang Lu, Xuemei Zhang, Wenjie Hu, Lijin Lin, Qunxian Deng, Hui Xia, Dong Liang i Xiulan Lv. "Effects of Potassium-Containing Fertilizers on Sugar and Organic Acid Metabolism in Grape Fruits". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 5 (29.02.2024): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052828.
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To identify suitable potassium fertilizers for grape (Vitis vinifera L.) production and study their mechanism of action, the effects of four potassium-containing fertilizers (complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate) on sugar and organic acid metabolism in grape fruits were investigated. Potassium-containing fertilizers increased the activity of sugar and organic acid metabolism-related enzymes at all stages of grape fruit development. During the later stages of fruit development, potassium-containing fertilizers increased the total soluble solid content and the sugar content of the different sugar fractions and decreased the titratable acid content and organic acid content of the different organic acid fractions. At the ripening stage of grape fruit, compared with the control, complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased the total soluble solid content by 1.5, 1.2, 3.5, and 3.4 percentage points, decreased the titratable acid content by 0.09, 0.06, 0.18, and 0.17 percentage points, respectively, and also increased the total potassium content in grape fruits to a certain degree. Transcriptome analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the berries showed that applying potassium-containing fertilizers enriched the genes in pathways involved in fruit quality, namely, carbon metabolism, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and fructose and mannose metabolism. Potassium-containing fertilizers affected the expression levels of genes regulating sugar metabolism and potassium ion uptake and transport. Overall, potassium-containing fertilizers can promote sugar accumulation and reduce acid accumulation in grape fruits, and potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate had the best effects among the fertilizers tested.
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Wen, Mingxia, Ji Zhang, Yongqiang Zheng i Shilai Yi. "Effects of Combined Potassium and Organic Fertilizer Application on Newhall Navel Orange Nutrient Uptake, Yield, and Quality". Agronomy 11, nr 10 (30.09.2021): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11101990.
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In this study, we investigated the effects of the combined application of different doses of potassium and organic fertilizers on the nutrient uptake, yield, and quality of Newhall navel oranges (Citrus sinensis Osb. cv.). The citrus trees were treated with potassium fertilizer alone or with one of three combinations of organic and potassium fertilizers. Spring shoots, autumn shoots, and fruit were collected when they reached maturity, and the relevant indexes were determined by conventional methods. The soil carbon flux was measured 15, 35, 65, and 95 days after fertilizer application by a soil gas flux measuring instrument. The results showed that the dry weights of leaves and twigs of the spring shoots were 43.1% and 99.8% higher in the OM15+K05-treated (15 kg organic manure and 1.05 kg potassium sulfate per plant) than in the OM0+K25-treated (1.25 kg potassium sulfate per plant) plants, respectively. Combined potassium and organic fertilizer application helped the shoots and fruits to absorb more mineral nutrients. As a result, the fruit yield increased, fruit surface color improved, and skin thickness became thinner. The internal quality of the fruit was also improved by the combination of different potassium fertilizers and organic fertilizers. The fruit quality was optimal for the OM10+K15-treated plants. The recommended doses of organic and potassium sulfate fertilizers for Newhall navel orange orchards with purple paddy soil in southwestern China are 5–10 kg/plant and 1.15–1.20 kg/plant, respectively.
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Vorobieva, L. A., i V. A. Anishchenko. "Effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of yellow lupine cultivated on soddy-podzolic sandy soil". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012020.
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Abstract The article presents the results of investigations carried out in a field experiment on sod-podzolic sandy soil contaminated with radionuclides, the efficiency of influence of doses and kinds of potassium fertilizers on the yield, 137Cs accumulation and fodder value of yellow lupine was studied. The carried out researches showed that the optimum doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for getting an increased yield of green mass is P45K150, in both studied types of potassium fertilizers. To get the maximum grain yield of lupine, the optimal doses of mineral fertilizers are P45K150 and P45K210. Analyzing the effect of different types of potassium fertilizers on the formation of yellow lupine grain yield, it can be noted that the use of potassium fertilizer - Kalimag, the yield was higher than that of potassium chloride. To decrease accumulation of 137Cs in lupine green mass below permissible level, the doses of mineral fertilizers shouldn’t be less than P45K150. Maximum decrease of radionuclides in the grain was noted in the variant P45K210 (Kmg).
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Chertkova, N. G., T. I. Firsova, Yu G. Skvortsova, G. A. Filenko i R. O. Ryabov. "The use of complex fertilizers in seed production of winter wheat varieties". Grain Economy of Russia 1, nr 2 (2.05.2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2021-74-2-52-57.
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The current paper has presented the results of the estimation of productivity of the winter wheat varieties ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Polina’ and ‘Yubiley Dona’ when using liquid complex fertilizers ‘Strada N + Mono Sulfur (S)’, ‘Strada P + Mono Sulfur (S)’ and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The treatment of winter wheat plants was carried out in the form of foliar top-dressings in the stages of tillering and stem extension. The study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI “Agri- cultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2019-2020. The trials were laid in the crop rotation of the laboratory for primary seed production and seed study. The purpose was to study the effect of liquid complex fertilizers on the productivity of the studied winter wheat varieties. When using fertilizers for all varieties, there was a tendency to an increase in the density of the productive stand on 18-61 pcs/m2 in comparison with the control. The variety ‘Krasa Dona’ showed the best indicators of the traits ‘number of grains per head’, ‘grain weight per head’ and ‘1000 grain weight’ being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (43 pcs., 2.19 g and 45.7 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (46 pcs., 2.30 g and 46.5 g). The variety ‘Polina’ showed good results after being treated with ‘Strada P + S’ (48 pcs., 2.30 g and 42.1 g) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (51 pcs., 2.43 g and 42.4 g). The variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ showed the greatest increase of the trait ‘number of grains’ with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The trait ‘1000 grains weight’ had an increase of 2.3 g, and ‘grain weight per head’ was 0.29 g. The treatment with fertilizers did not affect the trait ‘plant height’. The highest productivity of the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ was obtained when being fertilized with ‘Strada N + S’ (9.4 t / ha) and ‘Diforma Silicon-potassium’ (9.5 t/ha); the productivity of the variety ‘Polina’ increased after ‘Strada P + S’ (8.8 t/ha) and ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (9.1 t/ha), and the productivity of the variety ‘Yubiley Dona’ increased after ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’ (8.9 t/ha). The maximum economic effect (19080 rubles/ha) with 9.5 t/ha of productivity was obtained from the variety ‘Krasa Dona’ after the treatment with the fertilizer ‘Diform Silicon-potassium’. The experimental results have shown that the use of complex fertilizers has a positive effect on the productivity of winter wheat plants.
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Nafis, Fika Fatwa Anin, Djoko Kustono i Anindya Hapsari. "Analysis of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Concentration in Modified Liquid Organic Fertilizers of Vegetable Waste, Charcoal and Snails". Preventia : The Indonesian Journal of Public Health 8, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um044v8i12023p58-61.
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Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration in liquid organic fertilizer can be obtained from organic materials. Liquid organic fertilizer can be made from vegetable waste, charcoal, and gold snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.). This study aimed to know the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in liquid organic fertilizers of waste vegetable, charcoal and snail. Methods used to test nitrogen was the Kjeldahl method, while potassium and phosphorus tested with spectrophotometer. The results showed that the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in liquid organic fertilizers of waste vegetable, charcoal and snail were 0,2612 percent; 0,0334 percent; and 0,1421 percent. This concentration didn’t meet the standard of liquid organic fertilizers quality based on MOA No. 70 of 2010 which is 3 until 6 percent.
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Hu, Wenjie, Jin Wang, Qunxian Deng, Dong Liang, Hui Xia, Lijin Lin i Xiulan Lv. "Effects of Different Types of Potassium Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake by Grapevine". Horticulturae 9, nr 4 (8.04.2023): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040470.
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Potassium (K) is the most important element for fruit quality improvement. This study aimed at determining the best K fertilizer type that can promote grape growth and nutrient uptake. Specifically, four types of K fertilizers (complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate) were applied to grapevines grown in plastic pots, and then their effects on grape growth and nutrient uptake were explored. Results showed that the complex fertilizer and potassium nitrate treatments increased the biomass of the grapevine plants, whereas the other fertilizers had no significant effects on the biomass. Only the potassium nitrate treatment increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments in grapevine leaves. The complex fertilizer and potassium nitrate treatments increased the total N content in the grapevine plants to some extent, whereas the other fertilizer treatments decreased the total N content to some extent. It was also evident that all four K fertilizers increased the total P and K contents in the grapevine plants. Compared to the control, the complex fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatments increased the scion total P content by 20.18%, 9.77%, 12.52%, and 30.81%, respectively, and increased the scion total K content by 15.37%, 8.41%, 20.15%, and 26.48%, respectively. In addition, correlation and grey relational analyses showed that the rootstock stem total N content, rootstock root biomass, and soil alkali-hydrolyzable N concentration were the top three indicators most closely associated with the scion total N content, whereas the rootstock root total P content, soil available P concentration, and rootstock stem total P content were the top three indicators most closely associated with the scion total P content. Additionally, the rootstock root total K content, soil available K concentration, and rootstock root total P content were the top three indicators most closely associated with the scion total K content. Overall, the different K fertilizers can all promote the uptake of P and K by grapevine plants, and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is the best choice.
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Kuzin, A. I., A. V. Kushner, A. A. Shmakova, G. B. Sviridov i V. N. Nazarov. "Effect of potassium humate on the yield and N, P, K content in soil and leaves of cv. Ligol apple in Central Chernozem region". Horticulture and viticulture, nr 1 (17.03.2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/0235-2591-2023-1-35-42.
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Nutrient management of high-density apple orchards remains to be a serious problem in central Russia. Enhancing apple productivity by applying higher fertilizer rates leads to an increased environmental burden and undesired consequences. Although the transition to organic farming may solve many horticultural problems, conventional methods still produce higher crop yields. One of the most pressing issues consists in reducing mineral fertilizer use by applying more organic substances. This approach allows soil fertility to be preserved while maintaining high levels of plantation productivity. In the present research, particular attention was paid to potassium nutrition of apple trees. During 2020 and 2021, we studied the effect of potassium fertilizers in various standard amounts and silicon-modified potassium humate on the state of apple trees cv. Ligol grafted on 62-396 rootstock in the experimental orchard of I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center. The orchard was planted in 2018 according to a 1.2×4.5 m pattern (1852 trees per hectare). The experimental design was as follows: control (irrigation); full standard amount of N20P6K28 fertilizers; ¾ standard amount of N15P4K21 mineral fertilizers + ½ standard amount of potassium humate, ½ standard amount of N10P3K14 mineral fertilizers + ½ standard amount of potassium humate; full standard potassium humate amount of 10 L/ha. In 2020, the introduction of potassium humate provided the maximum yield, although without significant differences compared to the use of mineral fertilizers. In 2021, the yield was also at the level achieved with mineral fertilizers. Potassium humate provided a higher nitrogen content in the leaves as compared to mineral fertilizers, largely due to a significant increase in the availability of nitrogen and potassium in the soil. The content of available phosphorus was not significantly affected. This assumes that the effectiveness of humates depends on the soil type. The combined application of reduced standard amounts of mineral fertilizers and potassium humate contributed to maintenance of high yields under with a less dramatic increase in soil acidity.
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Rosawanti, Pienyani. "Kandungan Unsur Hara Pada Pupuk Organik Tumbuhan Air Lokal". Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 6, nr 2 (14.02.2020): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v6i2.1260.
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Water hyacinth, giant salvinia and water lettuce are widely available in Central Kalimantan that can be used as organic fertilizer. This study aims to determine the nutrient content of solid and liquid organic fertilizers in water hyacinth, giant salvinia and water lettuce fertilizers. The results showed that solid organic fertilizer/compost and water hyacinth, water lettuce and giant salvinia liquid fertilizer have nutrient content needed by plants. In solid fertilizers, the Nitrogen of giant salviniacontent was 2.43% and lack of the minimum standard of solid organic fertilizer, while Phospor and Potassium content were not included in the standard. In liquid organic fertilizer, Nitrogen, Phospor and Potassium content were not included in the minimum standard organic fertilizer requirements
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Broschat, T. K., D. R. Sandrock, M. L. Elliott i E. F. Gilman. "Effects of Fertilizer Type on Quality and Nutrient Content of Established Landscape Plants in Florida". HortTechnology 18, nr 2 (styczeń 2008): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.2.278.
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In a series of three experiments, st. augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum ‘Floratam’), areca palm (Dypsis lutescens), canna (Canna × generalis ‘Richard Wallace’), pentas (Pentas lanceolata), allamanda (Allamanda cathartica ‘Hendersoni’), and nandina (Nandina domestica) were grown on highly leached sand soils in two locations in Florida. They were fertilized with typical turfgrass fertilizers having high nitrogen (N)-to-potassium (K) ratios and no magnesium (Mg), or several types of landscape palm fertilizers having low N:K ratios and 100% of their N, K, and Mg in controlled release form. St. augustinegrass, pentas, nandina, and allamanda visual quality were similar for all fertilizer types tested. However, cannas and areca palms had higher visual qualities when fertilized with an 8N–0.9P–10.0K–4Mg palm fertilizer than with higher N:K ratio turf fertilizers. High N:K turf fertilizers resulted in K deficiency severity equivalent to that of unfertilized controls and Mg deficiency that was more severe than unfertilized areca palms.
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Hospodarenko, Н. M. "POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION". Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture 2 (grudzień 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-42-46.
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The influence of long-term application of potassium-deficient fertilizer system in the field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soybeans) on podzolic heavy loam black earth of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on potassium content in plants, its costs for formation of one unit of the harvest was determined; potassium balance was calculated and the effectiveness of different doses of potassium fertilizers was comprehensively assessed. It was found that the potassium content in grains and seeds of agricultural crops under the influence of potassium fertilizers varies by no more than 8%, while in straw and stalks - by 10-24% depending on the variant of the experiment. It is shown that the non-grain part of the crop contains a significant part of potassium - 50-80% of economic removal depending on the crop. It is calculated that if it is left in the field for fertilizer in the variant of the experiment Basis + K80, it compensates for the consumption of potassium by 71%. By applying K40 and K80on the basis of applying N110P60 and leaving the non-commodity part of the crop in the field for fertilizer, the balance of potassium in the soil is formed positive with intensity of 111 and 212%, respectively. According to the index of complex assessment, which takes into account seven indicators: payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers; additionally conditionally net profit; net energy profit; humus balance and intensity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance, the best variant of the experiment is application of N110P60K40 per 1 ha of field crop rotation area. This indicates the possibility of a temporary reduction in the dose of potassium fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolic heavyloam black earth in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
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HU, CHENG, SHUANG-LAI LI, YAN QIAO, DONG-HAI LIU i YUN-FENG CHEN. "EFFECTS OF 30 YEARS REPEATED FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS ON SOIL PROPERTIES, MICROBES AND CROP YIELDS IN RICE–WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEMS". Experimental Agriculture 51, nr 3 (18.11.2014): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000350.
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SUMMARYLong-term fertilization experiment has been conducted since 1981 to study the effect of soil management practices on soil fertility, soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil culturable microbe counts and crop yields at the Nanhu Experimental Station in the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences (situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River and the rice–wheat cropping system). The experiment was designed with the following eight treatments: (1) unfertilized treatment: Control; (2) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment: N; (3) inorganic nitrogen plus inorganic phosphorus fertilizer treatment: NP; (4) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus plus inorganic potassium fertilizer treatment: NPK; (5) pig dung compost (manure) treatment: M; (6) inorganic nitrogen fertilizer plus manure: NM; (7) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPM and (8) inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, inorganic potassium fertilizer plus manure treatment: NPKM. The results showed that long-term application of organic manure in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased soil organic C concentrations compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. Soil organic C contents were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in balanced application of NPK fertilizers in comparison to unbalanced application of fertilizers. After 30 years of experiment, soil organic C and total N sequestration rate averagely were 0.48 t ha−1 year−1 and 28.3 kg ha−1 year−1 in the fertilized treatments respectively; nevertheless, it were 0.27 t ha−1 year−1 and 9.7 kg ha−1 year−1 in the unfertilized treatment. Application of organic fertilizer in combination with inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with the corresponding inorganic fertilizers alone. The balanced application of NPK fertilizers significantly (p < 0.05) increased culturable microbial counts compared with unbalanced application of fertilizers. The average grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer treatment than in inorganic fertilizer alone and unfertilized control. Therefore, long-term application of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer and balanced application of NPK fertilizers could increase soil organic C and total N sequestration, culturable microbial counts and crop grain yields.
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Suntoro, G. Herdiansyah, H. Widijanto, A. D. Tjahjanto, C. Puspitasari i H. R. Wardhana. "Effect of green manure on the availability of Phosphorus and Potassium nutrients in Vertisols". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1362, nr 1 (1.06.2024): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1362/1/012045.
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Abstract The need for rice as a staple food continues to increase, increasing the demand for land. However, the soil’s availability of nutrients is decreasing due to inappropriate and excessive use of chemical fertilizers, causing soil degradation. Green fertilizer is an effective effort to reduce excessive use of chemical fertilizers. The research aims to determine the use of green manure in influencing the availability of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. The research was conducted on Vertisols in Weru District, Sukoharjo Regency. The research was carried out using experimental methods. There were 10 treatments with 3 replications (A: Control; B: NPK Fertilizer 200 kg/ha; C: Straw 10 Tons/ha; D: Kirinyuh 10 Tons/ha; E: Water spinach 10 Tons/ha; F: Water Hyacinth 10 Tons/ha; G: NPK 100 kg/ha + Straw 5 Tons/ha; H: NPK 100 kg/ha + Kirinyuh 5 Tons/ha; I: NPK 100 kg/ha + Water spinach 5 Tons/ha; J: NPK 100 kg/ha + Water Hyacinth 5 Tons/ha). The results show that green manure affects the availability of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Kirinyuh fertilizer (5-10 tons/ha) gives the highest results in providing phosphorus and potassium nutrients in Vertisols. Using green fertilizers can offset chemical fertilizers by increasing the availability of phosphorus and potassium nutrients.
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Ronga, Domenico, Mario Parisi, Luisa Barbieri, Isabella Lancellotti, Fernanda Andreola i Cristina Bignami. "Valorization of Spent Coffee Grounds, Biochar and other residues to Produce Lightweight Clay Ceramic Aggregates Suitable for Nursery Grapevine Production". Horticulturae 6, nr 4 (23.09.2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040058.
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The valorization of agro-industrial by-products is one of the key strategies to improve agricultural sustainability. In the present study, spent coffee grounds and biochar were used as pore forming agents in the realization of lightweight clay ceramic aggregates that were used as sustainable fertilizers, in addition to tailored glass fertilizer containing phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) synthetic fertilizer, for nursery grapevine production. The obtained fertilizers were assessed in a pot experiment for the fertilization of bare-rooted vines. Unfertilized (T0) and fertilized plants (T1, using NPK-containing commercial fertilizer) were used as controls. Plants fertilized by spent coffee grounds and spent coffee grounds + biochar-containing lightweight aggregates and added with 30 wt% of the above-mentioned glass and N fertilizers (T2 and T3, respectively) recorded higher values of plant height, shoot diameter, leaf and node numbers. Moreover, T2 treatment induced the highest chlorophyll content, shoot and root dry weights. The present study shows that lightweight clay ceramic aggregates containing spent coffee grounds and glass and N fertilizers can be used for nursery grapevine production, in turn improving the agricultural sustainability.
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Madaminovich, Polvonov Khurshid. "Mineral Fertilizers". American Journal of Applied sciences 03, nr 04 (30.04.2021): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue04-30.
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Importance of mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers and their types. Nitrogen fertilizers and their types. Potassium and phosphorus fertilizers. General rules of application of mineral fertilizers.
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Yakimenko, V. N. "Fixation of Potassium and Magnesium by the Soil of Agrocenoses". Агрохимия, nr 3 (15.03.2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002188123030134.
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It was found that the soil of the agrocenosis with a long-term deficit balance of potassium and magnesium recorded 60-70% of potassium introduced with fertilizer and 20-30% of magnesium. With a positive balance of these elements in the agrocenosis, the fixation of potassium by the soil decreased to 40, and magnesium - to 6-10%. The introduction of increasing doses of potassium fertilizer did not affect the soil level of the content of exchangeable magnesium, the use of magnesium fertilizers did not change the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil. The combined use of moderate doses of potassium and magnesium fertilizers contributed to a decrease in potassium fixation by 10-16% compared with its separate application, while the intensity of magnesium fixation did not change. With increased doses of potassium, its fixation by the soil did not depend on the additional addition of magnesium, and magnesium fixation significantly decreased.
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Shehata, Ibrahim E., Mostafa M. A. Hammam i Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad. "Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema glaseri and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions". Agronomy 11, nr 5 (11.05.2021): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050945.
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The use of entomopathogenic nematodes as safe biopesticidal alternatives to hazardous chemicals entails improving the prediction of their native efficacy against soil pests. The effect of ten inorganic fertilizers, used extensively in Egypt, on the virulence of indigenous Steinernema glaseri and peanut germination was examined herein. The nematode added either before or tank-mixed with 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of each fertilizer in a peanut field was sampled 1 and 7 days before and 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49, and 56 post-tank mixes to check for S. glaseri virulence via baiting soil with Galleria mellonella larvae. Phosphorus fertilizers had more adverse effects than others on S. glaseri virulence and peanut germination. Plots with only S. glaseri had high germination close to chlorpyrifos. Averages of insect mortality in soil samples of potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (NPK), nitrogenous, and phosphorus fertilizers, and non-fertilized checks (nematode only) were 85.8, 83.8, 80, 69.2%, and 93.3% respectively. Using S. glaseri is preferred before fertilizing. Most 1% fertilizer concentrations are compatible with S. glaseri in tank mixes for short-term (1–7 days) insect control but may affect long-term control.
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Alenzy, Ahmed F. M., i Akram A. H. Al-Hadethi. "The Role of Fertilization with Nano-Zinc Oxide on the Growth and Yield of Wheat in Calcareous Desert Soil". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, nr 1 (1.07.2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012027.
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Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the source and level of addition of nano-zinc oxide on the growth and yield of IPA-99 wheat cultivar grown in desert soil conditions and compare it with regular zinc fertilizers. Fertilizers were sprayed on the soil, the nano-fertilizers included three sources of zinc, nano-metallic zinc oxide (ZnnO), zinc-chelated nano-fertilizer ZnnDTPA, and nano-zinc humate (ZnnHA). The nano-fertilizers were added at levels of 1 and 2 kg ha-1. Whereas the regular zinc fertilizers, ZnO, ZnDTPA, and ZnHA, were added at a level of 4 and 8 kg ha-1 in addition to the control treatment without addition. After harvest, the grain yield, straw yield, and the concentration of zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium in the wheat grain were estimated. The results showed that zinc nano fertilizers had a significant effect in increasing the studied plant traits compared to the control treatment, Zinc humate nano fertilizer gave the highest increase in all studied plant traits among the nano-fertilizers, as it achieved an increase in grain yield, straw yield, zinc, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentrations in grains by 45.36%, 57.01%, 409.43%, 42.36%, 98.20%, and 38.56 % respectively over the control treatment. The zinc nano-fertilizers had a significant effect on increasing the yield of grains and the concentration of nitrogen and potassium in the grains compared to the regular zinc fertilizers. While the results showed there was no significant difference in straw yield and the concentration of zinc and phosphorous in the grains between nano and normal zinc fertilizer.
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Hoàng Mai Thảo, Hoàng Văn Thông, Nguyễn Văn Toàn i Trần Thành Vinh. "EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND QUALITY OF ORANGE TREES IN YEN BAI PROVINCE". Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Trường Đại học Hùng Vương 33, nr 4 (28.12.2023): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59775/1859-3968.184.
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The experiment to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilizer on growth, development and quality of orange trees was arranged in Tran Yen district of Yen Bai province in 2021 and 2022 with 3 types of potassium fertilizer: Potassium chloride, Potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate and fertilizer amount of 1,8kg K20/tree. The results show that different types of potassium fertilizers will have different effects on orange yield and quality. Applying K2SO4 fertilizer to BH orange trees increase fruiting rate (reaching 2.3%) and productivity (reaching 24.43 tons/ha), high sweetness (brix level reaches 11.2%), has higher economic efficiency reaching 185,852,500 VND/ha.
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Lubich, V., V. Nevlad i A. Martyniuk. "Spring triticale productivity at different doses of nitrogen fertilizers". Agrobìologìâ, nr 1(171) (24.06.2022): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2022-171-1-152-159.
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Mineral nutrition improvement contributed signifcantly to spring triticale grain yield. On average, during the two years of research, the use of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased it to 6.50–8.36 t/ha or by 14–46 % compared to unfertilized plots (5.71 t/ha). The stability index of yield formation was high – 0.92–0.95. Weather conditions in research years were different. The precipitation level in April – June 2014 made 442.7 mm, and in 2015 – 87.5 mm. In 2014, the application of N30–210 signifcantly increased the grain yield – by 0.81–2.66 t/ha, and in 2015 – by 0.77–2.64 t/ha compared to no fertilizer variant. It is worth noting that the use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers provided 0.30–0.32 t/ha. The application of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased the protein content in spring triticale grain. During the two years of research, it increased, on average, from 13.7% in no fertilizer variant to 13.8–15.4 % or 1–12 %. The use of phosphorus– potassium fertilizers did not change this indicator. The use of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers (120–210 kg/ha) slightly reduced the stability index of protein content in the grain to 0.87–0.90. In terms of protein yield in triticale grain yield, variants with nitrogen fertilizers have signifcant advantage of unfertilized plots with the stability index of 0.92– 0.99. On average, during the two years of research, this indicator increased by 115–506 kg/ha or 1.1–1.6 times (894–1285 kg/ha) compared to no fertilizer variant. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers increased protein yield to 818 kg/ha or 5 %. Gluten content varied greatly from the use of nitrogen fertilizers. On average, over two years of research, its content increased from 18.7% in no fertilizer variant to 20.4–26.4 % or 9–41 %. Stability index in this fertilizer scenario increased from 0.76 to 0.91. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers had the least effect on gluten content – 19.3 %. In the conditions of the Right–Bank Forest–Steppe in the fertilizer system of spring triticale varieties of Kharkiv Khlibodar type the dose of nitrogen fertilizers is 60–90 kg/ha. In this scenario, the yield is 6.80–7.90 t/ha, protein content – 14.0–14.5 %, gluten content – 23.6– 25.0 %. The grain corresponds to the frst quality class according to SSTU 4762: 2007. Triticale. Specifcations. Key words: spring triticale, yield, protein content, protein yield, gluten content, nitrogen fertilizers.
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Tobing Lukiyono, Yauwan, Edza Aria Wikurendra, Salfa Salsabilah Zain i Satriyo Siswo Utomo. "Nutrient analysis of fermented chicken feather fertilizer waste using Bacillus subtilis on the growth of green spinach (Amaranthus tricolor)". Bali Medical Journal 12, nr 3 (23.09.2023): 2855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v12i3.4444.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Introduction: Farmers generally provide NPK chemical fertilizers (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) to provide nutrients for green spinach plants. However, the use of NPK chemical fertilizers harms the environment. Nowadays, chicken feathers are known as beneficial for fertilizing plants, similar to NPK chemical fertilizers. Fermentation of chicken feathers by Bacillus sp. can improve the quality of protein in chicken feather fertilizers which can be used as a supplement in renewing soil conditions. Thus, this study is aimed to evaluate the nutrient component of fermented chicken feather fertilizer waste using Bacillus subtilis on the growth of green spinach (Amaranthus tricolor) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. In this study, we used a total sampling technique. In this study, three groups got different chicken father fertilizers, and two groups of standard and did not get the chicken father fertilizer. Data from the research will be statistically analyzed descriptively. The descriptive data will provide in the table. Results: In the first treatment group, the value of nitrogen (N) was 2.439, phosphorus (P) was 2.225%, and potassium (K) was 2.408%. In the second treatment group, the nitrogen (N) value obtained 2.866%, the phosphorus (P) value was 2.174%, and the potassium (K) value was 2.477%. In the third treatment group, the nitrogen (N) value was 3.291%, the phosphorus value was 3.082 %, and the Potassium (K) value was 3.135%. Conclusion: According to the results, the higher the chicken feather fermented fertilizer dose, the higher the NPK content. This is certainly good for the growth of spinach.
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Elkosary, S., S. F. El-Sharabasy, A. M. Abdallatif i M. M. Amin. "Enhancing yield and fruit quality of date palm (Phoenix dactyllifera L., cv. Zaghloul) using nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizer". Journal of Applied Horticulture 24, nr 03 (10.03.2023): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2022.v24i03.54.
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The present investigation was carried out during two successive seasons of 2018 / 2019 and 2019/ 2020 on 15 years old date palm trees of Zaghloul cv. grown in sandy soil in a private orchard at El-Behira governorate, Egypt. The research was aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizers comparing with conventional mineral fertilizers on yield and fruit quality, four doses of nitrogen and potassium nano-fertilizer (75, 150, 300 and 600g/ palm/ year) were applied compared to the conventional nitrogen and potassium mineral fertilizers as a control. Different fertilization treatments significantly affected palm yield and fruit quality during both seasons. Treatment of 600g of nano N and K fertilizers produced higher values of tree yield and bunch weight, fruit volume, and fruit length in both seasons. Meanwhile, 600g of nano-fertilizer and control treatments gave the highest fruit and flesh weight. The obtained results also showed fruit content of total soluble solids, total and reducing sugars was significantly increased by nano-fertilizer treatment at 600 and 300g per palm and improved significantly N, P, and K content. Whereas treatment with 75 and 150g nano-fertilizer gave higher values of total tannins and total phenols contents in Zaghloul fruits in both seasons. According to the current study, nano-fertilizer improved date palm yield, fruit quality and nutritional status.
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Halla Arshad Ali. "The usage of different fertilizer type in same soil character ization improvements in Tikrit". Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 20, nr 3 (10.02.2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v20i3.1180.
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This study included the effected of using different types of organic fertilizer in some soil chemical characterization productivity of okra plant. The experiment were designed according (R.C.B.D), with three replicates by using fertilizers remnants of cows and poultry, sludge were used. Three levels(10,20,40) ton/hectare were used in comparison with different levels of mineral fertilizer (150+115+115), (230+230+300), (460+460+600) Kg/hectare .This treatment resulted in reduction of soil organic materials, which approached 2.53% as compared with organic fertilizers and increased, phosphorus and potassium levels. While the sludge treatment increased organic material ,phosphorus and potassium over 40 ton/hectare, as well as in an increase in the plant chlorophil contents. This increase was approximately 3.52mg/g. In overall comparison between the various fertilizers, the sludge produced equal effect with the different mineral fertilizers levels.
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P, Suarya, Sudiarta I. W i Krisjayanto H. "PATTERN OF POTASSIUM RELEASE FROM SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZER POTASSIUM SULFATE-BENTONITE FERTILIZER". Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia 11, nr 1 (27.02.2023): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jipi.v11i1.2750.
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Potassium is a macro nutrient element that is needed by plants. Potassium plays a role in plant metabolism, maintains turgor, and forms stronger stems. Sadly. Potassium is easily lost through washing because it is easily soluble in water. This is what triggers plants to often experience a lack of potassium. Efficiency in the use of potassium fertilizers can be increased through the formulation of fertilizers made in the form of slow release (Slow Release Fertilizer), namely by controlling the solubility of the substance in water through fertilizer coating. The purpose of this study was to determine the potassium content obtained, the largest mass of SRF fertilizer, and the pattern of potassium release in the soil after being bound by acid-activated bentonite in the manufacture of potassium sulfate SRF. Coating of potassium sulfate with bentonite was carried out with a mass of 10 bentonite; 20; 30; 40; and 50 grams with a mass of 10 grams of potassium sulfate. Total potassium levels were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of the analysis of potassium levels obtained the levels of each SRF fertilizer with the code SRF 10: SRF 20: SRF 30: SRF 0; and SRF so respectively 4.41: 5.49: 6.06: 6.54; and 7.01 mg/g with the maximum concentration obtained from SRF sa fertilizer. Furthermore, the potassium release test was carried out using the percolation method with distilled water for potassium sulfate-bentonite SRF fertilizer with a ratio of 10:50. release test using time variation every 1 week period for 1 month. As a result, the average potassium level was obtained, namely 11.51; 38.33; 51.37; and 72.24% w/b. Based on the results of this release test it is known that potassium. experience a slow release pattern in the soil.
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Ying-hai, Li. "Quality of Reclaimed Domestic Water Irrigated Peppers - NPK Coupling Model and Optimized Combination Solution". Journal of Agricultural Science and Agrotechnolog 1, nr 1 (13.05.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.56391/jasa.2022.1004.
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Focusing on the coupling between the NPK content in Reclaimed domestic water irrigated peppers and capsaicin, a field experiment in the three-factor, five-level quadratic general revolving combination design was conducted for an in-depth analysis of capsaicin content coupling model by testing the significance of regression equation and coefficient with regression equation. The test result shows that : (1) factors affecting the content of capsaicin are in order of nitrogen fertilizer application level (x1) > nitrogen fertilizer application level (x2) > potassium fertilizer application level (x3) according to the main factor effect analysis based on the established capsaicin-NPK coupling model; (2) the nitrogen-potassium interaction effectively improves the content of capsaicin. That is, the content of capsaicin theoretically tend to be 0g.kg-1 when both the nitrogen fertilizer application level and the level of potassium fertilizer application level are at the lowest; when the amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application increases, the content of capsaicin increases accordingly. Medium nitrogen combined with medium potassium may result in the highest level of capsaicin content which can reach 0. 068g.kg-12 when the level of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application reaches 120 g.kg-1 and 112.5g.kg-1 respectively . Under the circumstance of certain volume of potassium fertilizer application, the content of capsaicin further increases with the decrease in the level of phosphorus application. The maximum capsaicin content of 0. 21g.kg-1 is achieved when the level of potassium and phosphorus fertilizer application reaches 120 kg.hm-2 and 60 kg.hm-2 respectively; and (3) the range of the ideal target content of capsaicin in peppers irrigated with the reclaimed domestic water in China’s Ningxia Region and the optimized NPK combination solution are obtained and developed. And in specific: the level of NPK fertilizers application would be 186.15kg.hm-2, 71.17kg.hm-2 and 122.02kg.hm-2 respectively under the condition that the content of capsaicin being greater and beyond 0.12g.kg-1.
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Dzida, Katarzyna, Zenia Michałojć, Zbigniew Jarosz, Karolina Pitura i Natalia Skubij. "EFFECT OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION ON YIELD, GROWTH AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BASIL HERB". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 17, nr 6 (20.12.2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2018.6.14.
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In the cultivation of herbal plants, besides the size of the crop, the quality of obtained raw material is extremely important, which is proven not only by the appearance and taste, but also biological value. Factors that affect these parameters include plant nutrition. The main nutrient affecting the correct course of metabolic processes in a plant is potassium. To obtain high yield in terms of quantity and quality, the nutritional requirements of plants must be met. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of potassium nutrition on the quality of basil herb. The experiment was established in a two-factor scheme, in which the factors were: potassium dose (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g K·dm–3) and the type of potassium fertilizer (KCl, K2SO4, KCl + K2SO4). The yield of basil plants was influenced by the dose and type of potassium fertilizers used (0.5 g K·dm–3 – 92.5; 1.0 g K – 67.3; 1.5 g K – 69.75 g·plant–1). The highest content of L-ascorbic acid was found in basil plants fed with the average potassium dose (65.9 mg·100 g–1 FW). The least nitrates (V) were contained in basil fertilized with KCl in the highest dose of K (63 mg·100 g–1 FW). No effect of the dose and type of potassium fertilizer on the content of phosphorus and sulfur in the plant material, was recorded. The content of Ca and Mg was influenced by both the potassium dose and the type of potassium fertilizer. The most of these components was revealed by plants fed with KCl, and with the increase of the dose, the content of both these mineral components decreased. Chlorine content in the herb increased with the applied potassium dose, the effect on the concentration of chlorine in the plant material was exerted by the type of potassium fertilizer applied – the highest concentration of this element was recorded. The content of macroelements in the substrate from basil cultivation was influenced by the dose and type of potassium fertilizers used. The best quality parameters of basil were obtained after application of 1.0 g K·dm–3 substrate in the form of KCl + K2SO4.
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Zhantasov, K. T., Z. U. Myrhalykov, S. M. Moldabekov, M. K. Zhantasov, B. T. Omarov, M. I. Nalibayev, A. A. Kadyrbayeva i in. "Agronomical Field Testing of New Kinds of Multicomponent Mineral Fertilizers". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, nr 1 (19.12.2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj197.
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Analysis of modern scientific literature and patents has shown the absence of acid-free production technology of a mechanically activated multicomponent mineral fertilizer containing water-holding substances. Experimental researches connecting with mechanochemical activation and physicochemical properties of Karatau phosphorites prove a possibility of development of a new multicomponent mineral fertilizer. Application of inorganic and organic activators considerably improves qualities of fertilizers because the developed fertilizer mixtures contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humate and microelements. The suggested technology intends to use wastes of coal mining that leads to presence of humates and microelements in the end product. It was determined, that content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depends on a form of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing substances. The given article contains data of researches connecting with use of multicomponent mineral fertilizers in field conditions for cotton cultivation on irrigated light sierozems consisting of soil-forming rocks of loess and loess-type clay loams. The research results show the increase of soil’s fertility and cotton’s productivity. Studying of agronomic efficiency of the new kinds of mechanically activated multicomponent mineral fertilizers at the cultivation of a bean-cereal mixture has been carried out in the Negorelsk experimental nursery-garden of the Belarus State Technical University on a sod-podzol sandy-loam soil and has shown the essential influence on productivity and quality of the bean-cereal mixture. The researches fulfilled on a sod-podzol sandy-loam soil have revealed the essential increase of key indicators of feed productivity. Application of the mineral fertilizers has promoted increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in green plants. In so doing content of calcium and magnesium in green mass depends from quantity of the fertilizer used to a smaller extent. An essential difference of crop capacity and feed productivity indicators depending on forms of the applied mineral fertilizers has not been found.
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Sun, Ping. "Effects of rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil bacterial diversity and community structure in peach orchards". Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 60, nr 01 (1.03.2023): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.92.
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In the cultivation process, the application of organic fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers can effectively improve soil structure, soil fertility, nutrient absorption, and fruit quality. In this study, the effects of potassium fulvic acid and compound microbial inoculant in rapeseed cake fertilizer on soil bacteria in peach orchard were investigated. The results showed that the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the soil. The results of functional prediction showed that rapeseed cake fertilizer and potassium fulvic acid used in conjunction could improve nitrogen fixation and carbon sequestration rates in soil. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of rapeseed cake fertilizer in peach tree cultivation
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Aliloo, A. A. "Potassium Sulfate Improved Early Growth of Wheat under Controlled Conditions". Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0049.
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Abstract Experiments were conducted to evaluate NPK fertilizer effects on early growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum variety Azar-2). Chemical fertilizers including urea (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 mg.L-1), triple superphosphate (10, 20, 30, 30 and 60 mg.L-1) and potassium sulfate (100, 200, 300, 400 and 800 mg.L-1) were used along with control in three replications. The used concentrations imitate possible status of the fertilizers in the soil solutions. The results showed that fertilizers did not alter seed germination percentage. However, there was a significant influence on seedling performance. Seedling growth under potassium sulfate applications was significantly enhanced, which was followed by triple superphosphate, but urea decreased the values. The root to shoot ratio was influenced by potassium sulfate and the ratio was decreased in all concentration. Triple superphosphate did not significant effects on seedling properties, while urea decreased seedling performance. It was concluded that the response of wheat to the fertilizers application was different and among the used materials potassium sulfate could be effective on seedling growth of wheat.
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Saydyasheva, Galina, i Kseniya Zayceva. "EFFICIENCY OF THE MODIFIED FERTILIZER AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATION ON SPRING BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE VOLGA REGION". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, nr 2 (5.08.2021): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2021-39-42.
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Studies to determine the effect of mineral, biomineral fertilizers and biological products on the content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) during the growing season in spring barley plants were carried out in 2015-2017 on leached heavy loam chernozem of Ulyanovsk region. The soil of the experimental site contained: humus 6.43...6.62 % (according to Tyurin), total nitrogen-0.26 % (according to Kjeldahl), mobile phosphorus and potassium-214 ... 228 and 101...117 mg/kg of soil, respectively (according to Chirikov), pHKCl – 6.3...6.8 (GOST 26483-85), hydrolytic acidity – 1.20...1.29 mmol/100 g of soil (according to Kappen).
The scheme of the experiment included the following options: without fertilizers (control); Bisolbiphite (seed inoculation); N15P15K15 (regular azofoska); N15P15K15m (azofoska modified with BisolbiPhite); N7,5P7,5K7,5m (azofoska modified with BisolbiPhite in a half dose). We used a complex mineral fertilizer-azofoska in a dose of 15 kg d. v. per 1 ha of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and a microbiological preparation BisolbiFit, which serves as a modifier of seeds and mineral fertilizers. The drug is based on a strain of bacteria of the rhizosphere Bacillus subtilis H-13, isolated from chernozem soil. Inoculation of spring barley seeds with a biological preparation was carried out 1...2 days before sowing (400...600 g/t of seeds), mineral fertilizer was treated on the day of its application to the soil (4 kg/t of fertilizers). As the studied crop, the variety of spring barley Nutans 553, zoned in Ulyanovsk region, was sown on experimental plots. Mineral fertilizers and biological preparation had a positive effect on the nutrient content of spring barley plants. Under the influence of the studied fertilizer, the nitrogen content in the green mass of barley increased by 0.09...0.30%, phosphorus − by 0.09...0.18%, potassium-by 0.25...1.10 %, in relation to the variant where mineral fertilizer and microbiological preparation were not used. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive relationship was established between the yield of barley and the content of nutrients in plants during the tillering, tubing and flowering phases: with nitrogen (r = 0.78; 0.83; 0.75), phosphorus (r = 0.80; 0.42; 0.71) and potassium (r = 0.66; 0.59; 0.91). As a result of this research work, it was found that the use of the studied fertilizers and the biological product BisolbiFit positively affected the content of the main nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in spring barley plants in all phases of its development.
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Ali, Maha M. E., Spyridon A. Petropoulos, Daila AbdelFattah Fattah H. Selim, Mohssen Elbagory, Maha M. Othman, Alaa El-Dein Omara i Mostafa H. Mohamed. "Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato Crop in Relation to Potassium Fertilization". Agronomy 11, nr 4 (2.04.2021): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040675.
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The present work evaluated the effect of soil (S) and foliage (F) applied potassium on the growth, yield, and quality of potato plants. Potassium was added in soil at the recommended rate for all the treatments combining mineral fertilizers with K-feldspar and biofertilizers, while foliar spraying included the application of potassium citrate (PC), potassium silicate (PS), and monopotassium phosphate (MP). The obtained results showed that plant height was highest following treatment with 100% mineral potassium fertilizer under the foliar application of MP, while the content of P, K, and total carbohydrates in leaves also increased with the same fertilization treatment. On the other hand, the highest values for number of stems and fresh and dry weight per plant, as well as the highest nitrogen content in leaves, were obtained after the addition of mineral potassium fertilizer and the foliar spraying of PC, regardless of the growing season. Yield parameters were positively affected by the combination of mineral potassium fertilizers (100% or 80% K2SO4 + 20% K-feldspar + biofertilizer) and the foliar spraying of MP, while the total nitrogen, protein, amino acids, potassium, phosphorus, and starch content of tubers were positively affected by the same mineral fertilizer treatments combined with foliar spraying of MP or CP. In conclusion, the application of mineral potassium fertilizer with foliar spraying of MP or CP increased most of the plant growth- and tuber chemical composition-related parameters. These results highlight the importance of potassium fertilizer regimes for achieving high tuber yields and improving the quality of tubers in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.
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kizi, Kodirova Vazirakhon Khokimjon. "EFFECT OF FOLIAR FEEDING OF POTASSIUM FERTILIZER ON THE NUMBER OF STEM AND STORAGE RATE OF HEMP VARIETY “UZBEK-2268”". American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 4, nr 6 (1.06.2024): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume04issue06-07.
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In this article, the effect of foliar feeding of potassium fertilizer on the background of mineral fertilizers on the number of stems and the level of preservation of hemp variety “Uzbek-2268” has been proven. Against the background of mineral fertilizers in the experiment, potassium mineral fertilizer was applied to the level of preservation of the number of stems at the end of the vegetation period in the variant given at 48 kg/ha in the phases of 2-3 true leaves of the hemp plant, budding-flowering and flowering-fruiting, it was found that it was 171.2 thousand bushes/ha, showing a high result compared to the options.
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Wang, Manman, Youliang Ye, Xv Chu, Yanan Zhao, Shuhong Zhang, Hui Chen, Wei Qin i Yang Wang. "Responses of Garlic Quality and Yields to Various Types and Rates of Potassium Fertilizer Applications". HortScience 57, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15984-21.
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Potassium (K) is a critical plant nutrient that determines quality in a myriad of crops and increases production yields. However, excessive application of various types of K fertilizers can decrease both the food quality and yields, which translates as economic losses and food safety issues. The objectives of this study were to 1) elucidate the impacts of different application rates of various K fertilizers on garlic, with the aim to identify the optimal and most economical K fertilizer dosage and 2) compare the effects of applying two common K fertilizers (KCl and K2SO4) on garlic, to determine the optimal combination. From 2018 to 2020, we utilized two distinct K-fertilized fields to conduct our experiments. The results revealed optimal KCl fertilization increased the biomass and vegetation index in garlic, and promoted the transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients from the stem and leaf to bulb, thereby increasing bulb production. The application of KCl fertilizer increased the number of cloves, the diameters of the cloves and bulbs, and reduced variations in bulb size. In addition, the application of KCl fertilizer improved the nutritional quality (Vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and allicin) of the garlic and reduced the accumulation of nitrate. However, excessive KCl fertilizer cause decreased yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality. Applying the same rate of K fertilizer in the form of K2SO4 in isolation increased the garlic yield by only 0.1% to 22.5% when compared with KCl fertilizer. However, the results were not always significant. In this study, the highest yields, appearance traits, and nutritional quality were achieved with the ratio of K2SO4: KCl = 3:1. Consequently, to ensure the highest economic value (considering the market prices of K fertilizer, garlic sprouts, and bulbs), the authors recommend a K fertilizer rate of 252.5 kg·ha−1 K2O, with K2SO4 accounting for 61.6% for garlic production in field.
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Korsun, S. H., A. V. Davydiuk i V. V. Hirnyk. "The effect of fertilizing systems on the potassium capacity of dark gray soil". Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" 2, nr 95 (22.12.2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/zem.95.35-41.
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Purpose. Identify the features of changes in the factor of potassium capacity of dark gray soil under long-term systematic application of different doses of mineral and organic fertilizers. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. At various intensities of fertilizer systems and fertilizer ratios, it has been established that the long (30 years) use of organic and mineral fertilizers contributed not only to stabilization but also to the restoration of the stock of moving potassium in the arable soil layer in comparison with the initial data (1987).The growth of mobile potassium content was consistent with the increase in the agrochemical load in crop rotation. Conclusions. Long-term systematic application for 1987–2000 years mineral fertilizers in doses of 265–397 kg of NPK on the background of 10 tons of manure per 1 ha of crop rotation, in 2001–2010 years – 211–316,5 kg of NPK per 1 ha, and in 2011–2017 years – 217,5–326,4 kg of NPK per 1 ha on the background plowing crop by-products had a significant impact in the factor on the capacity factor of potassium of dark gray podzolized soil, ensuring it is elevated and very high level.
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Ballot, Christiant Simplice Armand, Silla Semballa, Wouyo Atakpama, Tatiana Maryse Yangakola, Arnaud Doubro Bo-Mbi, Didier Blavet, Innocent Zinga, Kpérkouma Wala, Kolman Batawila i Koffi Akpagana. "Effet De Fumures Minérales Sur Le Rendement Et La Qualité Organoleptique Du Manioc (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Dans La Zone De Savane Au Centre-Sud De Centrafrique". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, nr 6 (29.02.2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n6p185.
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Aims - The farming intensification in Sub-Saharan Africa induced soil fertility and crop yields depletion such as cassava, a main food and an important source of income of farmers in Central Africa Republic. To transcend the soil fertility depletion and improve cassava yield, LaSBAD has initiate a study focused on the mineral fertilizers of cassava crops. Methods - Four types of fertilizer were tested: the urea (Co(NH2)2), the potassium sulfate (K2SO4), the potassium chloride (KCl) and the triple superphosphate (TSP). The methodology consisted in the physical and chemical analysis of soil, the cultivation, the application of mineral fertilizers and the harvest of cassava after 12 months. Additionally, the evaluation of the organoleptic propriety of raw tubers and cassava balls after the use of fertlizers were achieved throughout semi-strucrured interviews. Results - The contribution of nitrogen and phosphorus has increased very significantly cassava yield from 18.70 to 40.20 t/ha respectively for the control treatment (T0) and the best treatment obtained (T10). A significant interaction was observed between nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) inputs on yields. The increasing doses of potassium as potassium chloride (KCl) had reduced cassava plant growth and yield. According to respondents, the organoleptic proprieties of cassava were remain quite unchangeable by mineral fertilizers. Conclusion - The application of mineral fertilizer improved cassava yield and did not affected the organoleptic quality of the raw tubers and cassava ball. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to prevent soil degradation, namely the potential use of termite nest as natural fertilizers and legumes in association or rotation with other crops.
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Fernández-Sanjurjo, M. J., E. Alvarez-Rodríguez, A. Núñez-Delgado, M. L. Fernández-Marcos i A. Romar-Gasalla. "Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium release from two compressed fertilizers: column experiments". Solid Earth 5, nr 2 (21.12.2014): 1351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1351-2014.
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Abstract. The objective of this work was to study nutrients release from two compressed nitrogen–potassium–phosphorous (NPK) fertilizers. In the Lourizán Forest Center, tablet-type controlled-release fertilizers (CRF) were prepared by compressing various mixtures of fertilizers without covers or binders. We used soil columns (50 cm long and 7.3 cm inner diameter) that were filled with soil from the surface layer (0–20 cm) of an A horizon corresponding to a Cambic Umbrisol. Tablets of two slow-release NPK fertilizers (11–18–11 or 8–8–16) were placed into the soil (within the first 3 cm), and then water was percolated through the columns in a saturated regime for 80 days. Percolates were analyzed for N, P, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. These elements were also determined in soil and fertilizer tablets at the end of the trials. Nutrient concentrations were high in the first leachates and reached a steady state when 1426 mm of water had been percolated, which is equivalent to approximately 1.5 years of rainfall in this geographic area. In the whole trial, both tablets lost more than 80% of their initial N, P and K contents. However, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were the most leached, whereas N and P were lost in leachates to a lesser extent. Nutrient release was slower from the tablet with a composition of 8–8–16 than from the 11–18–11 fertilizer. In view of that, the 8–8–16 tablet can be considered more adequate for crops with a nutrient demand sustained over time. At the end of the trial, the effects of these fertilizers on soil chemical parameters were still evident, with a significant increase of pH, available Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, P and effective cation exchange capacity (eCEC) in the fertilized columns, as well as a significant decrease in exchangeable Al3+, reaching values < 0.08 cmol (+) kg−1.
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Roeva, Tatyana, i Elena Leonicheva. "The effect of mineral fertilizers on the seasonal dynamics of exchangeable potassium in the orchard soil and the potassium status of sour cherry trees". BIO Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213604001.
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The study was conducted to assess the impact of mineral fertilizers applied to the soil on the potassium level in the components of the “soil-plant” system of the sour cherry orchard. The experiment was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Russian Upland (Orel region) on loamy Haplic Luvisol during 2018-2020. The seasonal dynamics of exchangeable potassiumin the soil, the potassium status and productivity of sour cherry trees cv. ‘Turgenevka’ on the rootstock V-2-180 were studied in the orchard of 2015 planting. Fertilizers in the form of (NH2)2CO and K2SO4 were applied annually in early spring in doses of N30K40, N60K80, N90K120 and N120K160. It was found that a significant decrease in the level of potassium in the soil occurred during the period of intensive growth and crop formation, or after heavy precipitation. The use of fertilizers increased the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil (by 1.2-2.2 times), while the features of the potassium dynamics observed in unfertilized plots were preserved. Fertilizers contributed to the annual improvement of the potassium status of the leaves (by 0.05-0.24 % DW). The positive effect of fertilizers on the potassium content in fruits and the productivity of trees was manifested only in a year with prolonged intense precipitation (2020). The potassium content in fruits was 1.12-1.16 times higher than the control when applying N30K40, N60K80 and N90K120. A significant increase of tree productivity was found when applying N60K80 and N120K160 (by 54 and 69%, respectively).
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Fan, Heling, Yanshu Zhang, Jingchen Li, Jiajun Jiang, Abdul Waheed, Shuguang Wang, Syed Majid Rasheed, Li Zhang i Rongping Zhang. "Effects of Organic Fertilizer Supply on Soil Properties, Tomato Yield, and Fruit Quality: A Global Meta-Analysis". Sustainability 15, nr 3 (31.01.2023): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032556.
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The increased use of chemical fertilizer input in agricultural production and the promotion of sustainable agriculture encourage researchers around the globe to undertake experiments regarding application of organic fertilizers on tomato production. This study aims to amalgamate the comprehensive effects of organic fertilizer application compared with the pure application of chemical fertilizers (100% CF) on soil properties, tomato yield, and fruit quality through meta-analysis. It helps to provide a certain reference for the sustainable development of circular agriculture systems in tomato planting. Articles related to the impact of organic fertilizers on tomato planting were searched on the Web of Science, Science direct, and Google Scholar. A total of 124 documents meeting the Meta-analysis criteria were screened out. A total of 2041 sets of data were screened for soil properties (electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, bacteria, fungi, urease, catalase) and tomato yield and quality (nitrate, sugar, lycopene, protein). The normal fitting of the response ratio of each data revealed that all of them satisfied the Gaussian curve, and there was no publication bias. The application of organic fertilizers (the total) compared with 100% CF can increase the yield by 3.48%, acidic soil by (pH < 6) 7.98%, neutral soil by (pH = 6~8) 3.35%, soil organic matter by 24.43%, total nitrogen by 32.79%, total phosphorus by 23.97%, total potassium by 44.91%, available phosphorus by 14.46%, available potassium by 16.21%, soil bacteria by 5.94%, urease by 22.32%, and catalase by 17.68%. The application of organic fertilizers (the total) had no significant effect on ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and soil fungi in the soil. After the subgroup analysis, bio-organic fertilizers (BF) can increase tomato yield by 14.15%, reduce soil electrical conductivity by 13.66%, and increase soil catalase activity by 24.55%. Ordinary organic fertilizer (OF) can improve tomato quality, reduce tomato nitrate by 13.02%, and increase sugar by 10.66%, lycopene by 10.78%, total nitrogen by 39.55%, total phosphorus by 29.11%, total potassium by 58.67%, soil bacteria by 6.54%, and urease by 25.41%. Both can increase tomato protein, soil pH, soil available phosphorus, and potassium, but neither can significantly affect the ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and soil fungi in the soil. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation of tomato yield with lycopene, soil electricity conductivity, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and urease. The application of organic fertilizers can improve tomato yield and quality and soil properties more compared with 100% CF. BF have better effects on yield and soil electrical conductivity, whereas tomato quality and soil physical and chemical properties are more effected by OF. Hence, this study provides a pathway for the selection of organic fertilizer in tomato production.
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Gajieva, G. "Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Effects on the Cabbage Nutrient Balance and Growing Efficiency". Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, nr 11 (15.11.2019): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/48/22.
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The combined use of organic and inorganic fertilizers along with an increase in cabbage productivity significantly affects the quality of the harvest. During the experiment, the maximum amount of plant fertilizer use in cucumber fields was 20 t/ha (background) + N90P120 K90. Nitrogen 123.8–133.3 kg/ha; Phosphorus 41.7–46.0 kg/ha; Potassium 97.5–105.8 kg/ha or Nitrogen 65.0–70.0%; Phosphorus 38.0–42.0%; Potassium was 54.0–60.0%. The highest net profit among the variants is 20 t/ha (background) + N90P120K90 net profit from gross output 8606.0 man/ha, 1 ton of product net cost of fertilizers made up 100.0 manats, fertilizers — 4394.0 manat per hectare, and the rate of return — 200,0%.
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Torqueti, Sabrina Thereza dos Santos, Karina Volpi Furtini Boldrin, Ângela Maria Pereira do Nascimento, Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, Antônio Eduardo Furtini Neto i Iracema Clara Alves Luz. "Alternative potassium source for the cultivation of ornamental sunflower". Ciência e Agrotecnologia 40, nr 3 (czerwiec 2016): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542016403036115.
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ABSTRACT Brazil is dependent on importation of fertilizers, especially the potassics. Rocks and minerals that contain nutrients have a potential for use in agriculture as fertilizer, especially those of slow solubilization and that exhibit residual effect. In this context, the objective was to assess the feasibility of glauconite rock as potassium source for the cultivation of ornamental sunflower. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions arranged in an entirely randomized design, in a 4x4 + 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and one plant per plot. Four glauconite-based fertilizers were used as a potassium source: fine grained glauconite, fine grained organo-mineral glauconite, coarse grained glauconite and coarse grained organo-mineral glauconite, in four doses, as well as an additional treatment with four doses of KCl, the principal conventional source of the nutrient. The height of the flower stalks, the diameter of the stem and floral capitulum, the number of cultivation days and post-harvest durability were evaluated. The application of KCl yielded the production of flower stems with greater height and larger capitulum diameter in relation to the supply of glauconite. Among the glauconite based fertilizers, the fine grained organo-mineral product provided the best flower charateristics. The postharvest commercial durability of the flower stalks was higher in plants that received the glauconite and fine grained organo-mineral glauconite. The fine grained organo-mineral glauconite surpasses all other alternative sources of potassium in relation to the agronomic characteristics evaluated.
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Ibiremo, O. S., O. S. O. Akanbi i C. E. Ogbeide. "Effect of Site-Specific Application of N and K Fertilizers on Cashew Growth and Yield in Ochaja, Kogi State, Nigeria". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 19 (8.09.2023): 1716–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193719.
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An experiment was conducted at the Ochaja Substation of the Cocoa Research Institute in Ibadan, Nigeria. Ochaja is located in the guina savanna zone of Nigeria. Plantation soil nutrient requirements were determined prior to applying the required fertilizers. The soil was deficient in nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), with values of 0.41 g/kg soil and 0.012 cmol/kg soil, respectively, at depths 0–40 cm. This value was used to calculate cashew fertilization rates of 54 kg N/ha and 84 kg K2O/ha. Based on these values, four treatment combinations of two rates of nitrogen fertilizer and two rates of potassium fertilizer were formed and applied to young cashew trees on the field. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 0 and 54 kg N/ha while the Potassium was applied at 0 and 84 kg K/ha. Treatments were placed in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, Cashew growth, nut yield and soil nutrient characteristics were measured. The first dose was applied in June while the second dose was applied in September of 2019 and 2020. Application of N fertilizer had a significant lowering effect on soil pH at both soil depths compared to the control and compared to N and K fertilizers applied together. Similarly, application of potassium-based fertilizer, with or without nitrogen fertilizer, slightly increased soil pH by 5.4%. Soil N had a significant effect (P < 0.05). Total N ranged from 0.5 g/kg to 0.7 g/kg soil for fertilizer treatments. N and K fertilizers did not significantly improve available soil phosphorus (P) across fertilization treatments. Exchangeable K in soil followed a similar trend with available P in different treatments. Yield of cashew nuts (280kg) improved significantly (P < 0.05) under application of sole nitrogen fertilizer and the control.
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Zakarya, Irnis Azura, Nor Anis Nadhirah Md Nasir, Najiha Razali, Mahamad Hakimi Ibrahim i Madalina Boboc. "Assessment of Water Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Azolla in Different Fertilizers". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1216, nr 1 (1.07.2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012039.
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Abstract The improvement of water quality through aquatic plants’ nutrient uptake is one of the crucial elements in achieving a sustainable ecosystem. Water quality is affected by a variety of variables, including dissolved oxygen concentrations, nutrient overabundance, bacterial populations, salt content, and the number of suspended particles in the water. This experiment was performed to evaluate the biological and biochemical characteristics of azolla using various fertilizers (compost food waste, cow dung, liquid fertilizer, mushroom block fertilizer). It also examined the ability and effectiveness of aquatic macrophytes, Azolla pinnata to absorb amounts of nutrients including phosphate, potassium, and nitrogen ammonia in a nutrient-rich medium. The water quality during the cultivation period, including its turbidity, pH, and the temperature was monitored. The biological and biochemical characteristics of azolla have been assessed in a variety of fertilizers, including cow dung, liquid fertilizer, mushroom block fertilizer, and compost food waste, at various concentrations of 5g, 10g, and 15g. The study findings indicated that the most suitable fertilizer for azolla growth is cow dung fertilizer and the least suitable fertilizer is liquid fertilizer. The rapid growth of azolla between days 15 to 25 were observed for the cow dung fertilizer at all concentration as compared to control and other fertilizers. Water quality for each parameter increase over time. The ability of azolla to absorb nutrients shows great potential for the phosphorus element when compared to potassium and nitrogen uptake. To reduce the amount of excessive phosphorus and potassium in water, azolla is a great candidate for eco-friendly phytoremediation.
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Rakhimova, G. Kh, B. I. Niyazaliev, S. S. Asatova i S. A. Bekmuratov. "Effect of baikal em-1 microbiological fertilizer on growth and development of cotton". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1142, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 012100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1142/1/012100.
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Abstract Level of soil salinity and water scarcity increases from year to year, it is necessary to increase the immune system of crops against diseases, pests and stressors, stable, high even in any unfavorable conditions. In the field experiment, 60-70% of the annual rate of phosphorus fertilizers, 50% of potassium was applied before autumn plowing, the rest of the rates of phosphorus fertilizers were applied together with nitrogen fertilizers during the flowering period, and potassium fertilizer was applied during the tillering period. The results showed that Baikal EM-1 (without mineral fertilizers) was sprinkled before plowing, before sowing seeds, on 3-4 true leaves, during pruning, flowering (10+10+3.0+3.5+3.5 l/ha) in the 8 variant, compared to the control variant (variant 1), the number of bolls decreased by 0.4 units, and the opening of bolls was around 30.0%.
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Kim, Gwang-Ho, i Jae-Hwan Cho. "Radioactive Concentrations in Chemical Fertilizers". Journal of Radiation Protection and Research 47, nr 4 (30.12.2022): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14407/jrpr.2021.00269.
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Background: The aim of the present study was to determine radioactive concentrations in fertilizers known to contain essential nutrients. Results of this study could be used as basic data to monitor the impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment and public health. Nitrogen fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, sulfur fertilizers, phosphate acid fertilizers, and potassium chloride fertilizers were used in this study.Materials and Methods: Five chemical fertilizers were pulverized, placed in polyethylene containers, and weighed. The time to measure each specimen was set to be 3,600 seconds for a scintillator-based gamma-ray spectroscopy system. Concentration of gamma radionuclide was analyzed based on obtained spectra. At the end of the measurement, the spectrum file was stored and used to calculate radioactive concentrations using a gamma-ray spectrometer software.Results and Discussion: In the nitrogen fertilizer, 3.49 ± 5.71 Bq/kg of <sup>137</sup>Cs, 34.43 ± 7.61 Bq/kg of <sup>134</sup>Cs, and 569.16 ± 91.15 of <sup>40</sup>K were detected whereas <sup>131</sup>I was not detected. In the calcium fertilizer, 5.74 ± 4.40 Bq/kg of <sup>137</sup>Cs (the highest concentration among all fertilizers), 22.37 ± 5.39 Bq/kg of <sup>134</sup>Cs, and 433.67 ± 64.24 Bq/kg of <sup>40</sup>K were detected whereas <sup>131</sup>I was not detected. In the sulfur fertilizer, 347.31 ± 55.73 Bq/kg of <sup>40</sup>K, 19.42 ± 4.53 Bq/kg of <sup>134</sup>Cs, 2.21 ± 3.49 of <sup>137</sup>Cs, and 0.04 ± 0.22 Bq/Kg of <sup>131</sup>I were detected. In the phosphoric acid fertilizer, 70,007.34 ± 844.18 Bq/kg of <sup>40</sup>K (the highest concentration among all fertilizers) and 46.07 ± 70.40 Bq/kg of <sup>134</sup>Cs were detected whereas neither <sup>137</sup>Cs nor <sup>131</sup>I was detected. In the potassium chloride fertilizer, 12,827.92 ± 1542.19 Bq/kg of <sup>40</sup>K was and 94.76 ± 128.79 Bq/kg of <sup>134</sup>Cs were detected whereas neither <sup>137</sup>Cs nor <sup>131</sup>I was detected. The present study examined inorganic fertilizers produced by a single manufacturer. There might be different results according to the country and area from which fertilizers are imported. Further studies about inorganic fertilizers in more detail are needed to create measures to reduce <sup>40</sup>K.Conclusion: Measures are needed to reduce radiation exposure to <sup>40</sup>K contained in fertilizers including phosphoric acid and potassium chloride fertilizers.
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Magela, Mara Lúcia Martins, Reginaldo de Camargo, Regina Maria Quintão Lana i Melissa Cristina de Carvalho Miranda. "Application of organomineral fertilizers sourced from filter cake and sewage sludge can affect nutrients and heavy metals in soil during early development of maize". June 2019, nr 13(06) 2019 (20.06.2019): 863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1538.
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This study determined the changes in soil nutrients, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals during the early development stages of maize fertilized with different sources and doses. Also, this study confirmed that the used biosolid in the formulation of organomineral fertilizer makes greater efficacy than the effects promoted by mineral or filter cake organomineral fertilizers already used in agricultural. The experiment was done in a greenhouse at the Federal University of de Uberlândia - Campus Umuarama. The experimental design was randomized block design, as a 2 x 5 + 2 factorial, containing two sources of organomineral fertilizer consisting of organic residues (biosolid and filter cake), five doses of organomineral fertilizer (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140% of P2O5 recommendation for maize crop), a positive control with mineral fertilization (100%) and a negative one with no fertilization with four replications. The soil pH and contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium base saturation, base sum, micronutrients, organic carbon, organic matter and heavy metals were determined subsequently after plant removal, 65 days after sowing. The organomineral fertilizers based on biosolid and filter cake yielded increases in phosphorus, boron and manganese in the soil, especially the biosolid source. Regardless of the fertilizer organic matter source, soil phosphorus increased linearly with increasing doses of the sources. Doses equal or below the recommendation for maize (100% P2O5) were less effective in supplying potassium. The organomineral sources did not add heavy metals to the soil. Fertilizers based on biosolid can supply nutrients, such as phosphorus, boron and manganese at high doses, replacing mineral fertilization, while maintaining and improving soil fertility with no contamination by heavy metals.
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Hospodarenko, H. M., i A. T. Martyniuk. "Water-holding capacity of sugar beet depending on fertilizers". Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 1, nr 97 (28.12.2020): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-1-72-81.
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The results of a field experiment held on podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, studying the effect of various fertilization systems on the water-holding capacity of sugar beet, are presented. It was found that the change in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition has a different effect on this indicator when closing the leaves of sugar beet plants between rows and during the harvest time. Half-dead cattle manure KRS on straw bedding aw well as mineral fertilizers, namely aqueous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, granular superphosphate, mixed potassium salt, potassium chloride, ANP fertilizer grade A and liquid complex fertilizer grade 10–34–0 were used during the experiment. Manure was applied at a dose of 40 t / ha and mineral fertilizers – N120Р120К120. Fertilizers were applied in August during fall plowing, as well as in late autumn (at the end of October) together with moldboard-free loosening of the soil to a depth of 14–16 cm and in spring –under pre-sowing cultivation. The dynamics of the intensity of water return was monitored by cut sugar beet leaves under conditions of rapid natural evaporation by weighing them every 0.5, 1 and 2 hours (according to Arland's method). It was found that the leaves of sugar beet, both with insufficient and unbalanced nitrogen nutrition, have a weak water-holding capacity during the growing season. Improving phosphorus nutrition, especially when applying liquid complex fertilizer grade 10–34–0, helps increase the water-holding capacity of sugar beet plants throughout the growing season. Replacing potassium chloride with potassium salt mixed as part of a complete mineral fertilizer significantly increases the water-holding capacity of sugar beets due to the better provision with sodium. This is particularly evident in the second half of the growing season. With the age of sugar beet plants, a distinct decrease in the intensity of water loss is observed regardless of fertilization, which can be explained by an increase in the content of bound water due to a rise of the amount of dry matter.
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Darapuneni, Murali K., Leonard M. Lauriault, Gasper K. Martinez, Koffi Djaman, Kevin A. Lombard i Syam K. Dodla. "Potassium and Sulfur Fertilizer Sources Influence Alfalfa Yield and Nutritive Value and Residual Soil Characteristics in an Arid, Moderately Low-Potassium Soil". Agronomy 14, nr 1 (2.01.2024): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010117.
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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) requires a large amount of potassium (K) for maintaining forage yield and stand persistence. Therefore, soil inherently low in K levels must be supplemented with K fertilizers. Although several commercial K fertilizers are available on the market, choosing an appropriate K-supplementing source for a particular soil can be crucial in boosting alfalfa yield and nutritive value. A two-year study was conducted in an arid southern New Mexico location near Tularosa to evaluate the efficacy of three K commercial fertilizer sources in improving alfalfa yield and nutritive value in a moderately low potassium (84 ppm) soil. Nine K treatments or combinations and a no-K control were tested in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. Overall, supplementation of 160 kg ha−1 of K2O in all treatments resulted in a significant increase in alfalfa seasonal forage yield and nutritive value compared to the control. Sulfate of potash combined with ammonium sulfate (AS) produced greater seasonal yield compared to other fertilizers (muriate of potash and potassium nitrate) or combinations with gypsum (p < 0.05). This treatment combination also showed greater crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, tissue Fe and S, and soil residual sulfate-S and nitrate-N. A positive correlation between sulfur abundance and nitrogen availability in alfalfa production was evident in the study. Addition of AS to all three K fertilizers yielded better seasonal forage yield than K fertilizers alone or K fertilizers in combination with gypsum. Adding gypsum to the K-fertilizers appeared to have negative effect on the seasonal forage yield. Future research should evaluate various combinations of the levels of K and S to determine the most reasonable balance.
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Klipcan, Liron, Ruth van Oss, Alexandra Keren-Kieserman, Uri Yermiyahu i Idit Ginzberg. "Potassium Positively Affects Skin Characteristics of Sweet Potato Storage Roots". Agronomy 10, nr 9 (14.09.2020): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091385.
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Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) growth faces two critical problems: variability in storage root (SR) number and size among individual plants, and skinning injuries that render the SR susceptible to pathogen infections during storage. We hypothesized that application of potassium (K) fertilizer, an essential mineral for sweet potato, would contribute to increased yield, uniformity, and skin quality of SRs. Sweet potatoes were grown in sandy soil, which is poor in K, and in loess soil. The fertilizers potassium chloride (KCl) and polyhalite were applied before planting. Polyhalite is a hydrated sulfate of K, calcium, and magnesium that has been shown to improve potato skin appearance. Soil type was the major factor affecting SR yield—higher in sandy vs. loess soil. The K fertilizers did not affect yield in either soil type, or improve SR uniformity. However, the skin of the SRs from loess soil had more phellem layers and larger phellem cells following fertilization, mainly with KCl. Accordingly, the expression of suberin marker genes was significantly higher in mature vs. immature skin of SRs fertilized with KCl. Overall, soil type was the major factor affecting sweet potato yield, and addition of K positively affected skin morphology and related gene expression.
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Boyhan, George E., Reid L. Torrance i C. Randy Hill. "Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Rates and Fertilizer Sources on Yield and Leaf Nutrient Status of Short-day Onions". HortScience 42, nr 3 (czerwiec 2007): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.42.3.653.
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This is a compilation of several studies that were performed to address specific grower concerns or questions about onion fertilization, to assess onion fertility, to make adjustments in soil test recommendations, and to test specific fertilizers for clients covering the 1999–2000 to 2004–2005 seasons. The synthesis of these studies was to evaluate levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers and their effect on yield, graded yield, and leaf tissue nutrient status in short-day onions over 6 years. In addition, various fertilizers were evaluated for their effect on these parameters. There was a significant increasing quadratic effect on yield from increasing N fertilizer from 0 to 336 kg·ha−1 with an R2 of 0.926. Maximum calculated yield was at 263 kg·ha−1 N fertilizer; however, the yield at this rate did not differ, based on a Fisher's least significant difference (P ≤ 0.05), from our current recommendations of 140 to 168 kg·ha−1 N. Jumbo (7.6 cm or greater) yield performed in a similar fashion. Phosphorus fertilizer rates from 0 to 147 kg·ha−1 had no effect on total yield, but did affect jumbo yields, which decreased linearly with an R2 of 0.322. Evaluations of P fertilizer in the 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 seasons only, when the exact same P fertilizer rates were used, showed a decreasing quadratic effect for jumbo yields with the lowest jumbo yields at 83 kg·ha−1 P fertilizer and jumbo yields increasing with 115 and 147 kg·ha−1 P fertilizer rates. Potassium fertilizer rates from 0 to 177 kg·ha−1 had a quadratic affect on total yield, with the highest yield of 52,361 kg·ha−1 with 84 kg·ha−1 K fertilizer rate. As would be expected, N and P fertilizer rates affected leaf tissue N and P levels, respectively. In addition, N fertilizer rates affected leaf tissue calcium (Ca) and sulfur levels. Potassium fertilizer rates had a significant linear effect on leaf tissue K 3 of 6 years. In addition, K fertilizer rates had a significant effect on leaf tissue P levels. Several fertilizers, including Ca(NO3)2 and NH4NO3, along with complete fertilizers and liquid fertilizers, were used as part of a complete fertilizer program and showed no differences for total yield or jumbo yield 4 of 5 years of evaluation when applied to supply the same amount of N fertilizer. Based on the results of this study, soil test P and K recommendations for onions in Georgia have been cut 25% to 50% across the range of soil test levels.
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BONNEAU, X., IRFAN HARYANTO i TRIYONO KARSIWAN. "COCONUT HUSK ASH AS A FERTILIZER FOR COCONUT PALMS ON PEAT". Experimental Agriculture 46, nr 3 (16.04.2010): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479710000025.
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SUMMARYWe demonstrated experimentally that coconut husk ash is an excellent mineral fertilizer for immature coconut hybrids on developed peat, providing potassium (K) in particular. Coconut husk ash performed as well as potassium chloride (KCl) in a proportion of 2–2.5 to 1. At four years, 99% of coconut palms fertilized with husk ash, 92% of coconut palms fertilized with KCl and 26% of control palms were sexually differentiated. The cumulative yield in the first two harvesting years more than trebled between control palms (26 nuts per tree) and the palms fertilized with KCl (93 nuts per tree) or husk ash (105 nuts per tree). This is an important result, given the intensity of K deficiency and the increasing cost of imported fertilizers. Although coconut husk ash will never totally replace K fertilizer, it can recycle a substantial proportion of nutrients in a coconut plantation. It now remains to optimize its use on an estate level, by examining the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of its mass production and determining conditions for maximum efficiency.