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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Potassium deficiency”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 8 lutego 2022

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1

Tsiamis, Costas B., Kostas K. Kakuris, Viktor A. Deogenov i Kosmas B. Yerullis. "Potassium Loss with Tissue Potassium Deficiency in Rats during Hypokinesia". Archives of Medical Research 39, nr 3 (kwiecień 2008): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.10.002.

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Adams, Eri, Celine Diaz, Minami Matsui i Ryoung Shin. "Overexpression of a Novel Component Induces HAK5 and Enhances Growth in Arabidopsis". ISRN Botany 2014 (21.01.2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/490252.

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Plants have developed mechanisms to adapt to the potassium deficient conditions over the years. In Arabidopsis thaliana, expression of a potassium transporter HAK5 is induced in low potassium conditions as an adaptive response to nutrient deficiency. In order to understand the mechanism in which HAK5 is regulated, the full-length cDNA overexpressor gene hunting system was employed as a screening method. Of 40 genes recovered, At4g18280 was found to be dramatically induced in response to potassium-deficiency and salt stress. Plants overexpressing this gene showed higher HAK5 expression and enhanced growth. These plants were also less sensitive to potassium-deficiency in terms of primary root growth. Taken together, these data suggest that this novel component, At4g18280, contributes to regulation of HAK5 and, consequently, tolerance to potassium-deficiency in plants.

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3

Parvej, Md Rasel, Nathan A. Slaton, Matthew S. Fryer, Trenton L. Roberts i Larry C. Purcell. "Postseason Diagnosis of Potassium Deficiency in Soybean Using Seed Potassium Concentration". Soil Science Society of America Journal 80, nr 5 (30.08.2016): 1231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2016.02.0030.

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4

Al-Qusairi, Lama, P. Richard Grimm, Ava M. Zapf i Paul A. Welling. "Rapid development of vasopressin resistance in dietary K+ deficiency". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 320, nr 5 (1.05.2021): F748—F760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00655.2020.

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This study shows that aquaporin-2 regulation is disrupted by a small fall in plasma potassium levels and the response is influenced by sexual dimorphism in renal potassium handling. The findings provided new insights into the mechanisms by which water balance is altered in dietary potassium deficiency and support defining the disorder as “potassium-dependent nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.”

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5

Broschat, Timothy K. "Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms of Ixora". HortTechnology 10, nr 2 (styczeń 2000): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.2.314.

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Ixoras (Ixora L.) growing in calcareous sandy soils are highly susceptible to a reddish leaf spot disorder. Symptoms appear on the oldest leaves of a shoot and consist of irregular diffuse brownish-red blotches on slightly chlorotic leaves. Symptoms of K deficiency, P deficiency, and both K and P deficiency were induced in container-grown Ixora `Nora Grant' by withholding the appropriate element from the fertilization regime. Potassium-deficient ixoras showed sharply delimited necrotic spotting on the oldest leaves, were stunted in overall size, and retained fewer leaves per shoot than control plants. Phosphorus-deficient plants showed no spotting, but had uniformly brownish-red older leaves and olive-green younger foliage. Plants deficient in both elements displayed symptoms similar to those observed on landscape plants. Symptomatic experimental and landscape ixoras all had low foliar concentrations of both K and P.

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6

Tachimoto, Masao, Masao Fukutomi, Heiji Matsushiro, Michiharu Kobayashi i Eiichi Takahashi. "Role of putrescine inLemnaplants under potassium deficiency". Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 38, nr 2 (czerwiec 1992): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380768.1992.10416494.

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7

Stanaszek, Walter F., i John A. Romankiewicz. "Current Approaches to Management of Potassium Deficiency". Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 19, nr 3 (marzec 1985): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808501900302.

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8

Botella, M. A., V. Martinez, J. Pardines i A. Cerdá. "Salinity induced potassium deficiency in maize plants". Journal of Plant Physiology 150, nr 1-2 (styczeń 1997): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(97)80203-9.

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9

Petersen, Villy Posborg. "Potassium and Magnesium Turnover in Magnesium Deficiency". Acta Medica Scandinavica 174, nr 5 (24.04.2009): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1963.tb07959.x.

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10

Matz, R. "Refractory potassium repletion due to magnesium deficiency". Archives of Internal Medicine 152, nr 11 (1.11.1992): 2346a—2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.152.11.2346a.

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11

Matz, Robert. "Refractory Potassium Repletion due to Magnesium Deficiency". Archives of Internal Medicine 152, nr 11 (1.11.1992): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1992.00400230138025.

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12

Van Wouwe, Jacobus P., i Marcel Veldhuizen. "Dietary subacute zinc deficiency and potassium metabolism". Biological Trace Element Research 46, nr 3 (grudzień 1994): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02789301.

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13

Feest, T. G., i Oliver Wrong. "Potassium deficiency and sudden unexplained nocturnal death". Lancet 338, nr 8779 (listopad 1991): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92290-i.

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14

NEILSEN, G. H., P. B. HOYT i E. J. HOGUE. "IDENTIFICATION OF K DEFICIENCY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA APPLE ORCHARDS". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, nr 3 (1.08.1989): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-073.

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K deficiency was identified for the first time in British Columbia orchard soils. Greenhouse-grown apple seedlings responded to K in soils low in available K. MacSpur McIntosh (Malus domestica Borkh.) had increased leaf K (above deficiency) and improved initial fruiting after surface applications of KCl in an orchard with low soil K. Key words: Potassium deficiency, apple, leaf and soil potassium

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15

Wang, Xiaoping, Ling Hao, Biping Zhu i Zhonghao Jiang. "Plant Calcium Signaling in Response to Potassium Deficiency". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, nr 11 (3.11.2018): 3456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113456.

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Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the most abundant cation in the cytosol. K+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, soil K+ availability is very low and variable, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. Various K+ shortage-activated signaling cascades exist. Among these, calcium signaling is the most important signaling system within plant cells. This review is focused on the possible roles of calcium signaling in plant responses to low-K+ stress. In plants, intracellular calcium levels are first altered in response to K+ deficiency, resulting in calcium signatures that exhibit temporal and spatial features. In addition, calcium channels located within the root epidermis and root hair zone can then be activated by hyperpolarization of plasma membrane (PM) in response to low-K+ stress. Afterward, calcium sensors, including calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like protein (CML), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK), and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL), can act in the sensing of K+ deprivation. In particular, the important components regarding CBL/CBL-interacting protein kinase (CBL/CIPK) complexes-involved in plant responses to K+ deficiency are also discussed.

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16

Bednarz, C. W., i D. M. Oosterhuis. "Physiological changes associated with potassium deficiency in cotton". Journal of Plant Nutrition 22, nr 2 (styczeń 1999): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169909365628.

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17

Fervenza, Fernando, Tanny Tsao i Ralph Rabkin. "PARADOXICAL BODY AND KIDNEY GROWTH IN POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY". Renal Failure 23, nr 3-4 (styczeń 2001): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/jdi-100104718.

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18

Whang, R. "Refractory potassium repletion. A consequence of magnesium deficiency". Archives of Internal Medicine 152, nr 1 (1.01.1992): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.152.1.40.

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19

Whang, Robert. "Refractory Potassium Repletion due to Magnesium Deficiency-Reply". Archives of Internal Medicine 152, nr 11 (1.11.1992): 2346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1992.00400230138026.

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20

Zajicek, Hubert K., Huamin Wang, Krishna Puttaparthi, Nabil Halaihel, Daniel Markovich, James Shayman, Richard Béliveau, Paul Wilson, Thomas Rogers i Moshe Levi. "Glycosphingolipids modulate renal phosphate transport in potassium deficiency". Kidney International 60, nr 2 (sierpień 2001): 694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.060002694.x.

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21

Hafsi, Chokri, Ahmed Debez i Chedly Abdelly. "Potassium deficiency in plants: effects and signaling cascades". Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 36, nr 5 (24.01.2014): 1055–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-014-1491-2.

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22

Francesconi, R. P., R. W. Hubbard, N. M. Leva, R. C. Anderson i L. Gowenlock. "Potassium deficiency in rats: Effects on thermal tolerance". Journal of Thermal Biology 16, nr 2 (marzec 1991): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4565(91)90002-j.

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23

Alahari, Anuradha, i Shree Kumar Apte. "A novel potassium deficiency-induced stimulon inAnabaena torulosa". Journal of Biosciences 29, nr 2 (czerwiec 2004): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02703413.

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24

Cremades, A., A. Sanchez-Capelo, A. Monserrat, F. Monserrat i R. Peñafiel. "Effects of potassium deficiency on potassium, polyamines and amino acids in mouse tissues". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 134, nr 3 (marzec 2003): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00369-0.

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25

Rosolem, C. A., i D. S. Mikkelsen. "Potassium absorption and partitioning in cotton as affected by periods of potassium deficiency". Journal of Plant Nutrition 14, nr 9 (wrzesień 1991): 1001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169109364259.

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26

Hospodarenko, Н. M. "POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION". Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture 2 (grudzień 2020): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-42-46.

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The influence of long-term application of potassium-deficient fertilizer system in the field crop rotation (winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soybeans) on podzolic heavy loam black earth of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on potassium content in plants, its costs for formation of one unit of the harvest was determined; potassium balance was calculated and the effectiveness of different doses of potassium fertilizers was comprehensively assessed. It was found that the potassium content in grains and seeds of agricultural crops under the influence of potassium fertilizers varies by no more than 8%, while in straw and stalks - by 10-24% depending on the variant of the experiment. It is shown that the non-grain part of the crop contains a significant part of potassium - 50-80% of economic removal depending on the crop. It is calculated that if it is left in the field for fertilizer in the variant of the experiment Basis + K80, it compensates for the consumption of potassium by 71%. By applying K40 and K80on the basis of applying N110P60 and leaving the non-commodity part of the crop in the field for fertilizer, the balance of potassium in the soil is formed positive with intensity of 111 and 212%, respectively. According to the index of complex assessment, which takes into account seven indicators: payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers; additionally conditionally net profit; net energy profit; humus balance and intensity of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance, the best variant of the experiment is application of N110P60K40 per 1 ha of field crop rotation area. This indicates the possibility of a temporary reduction in the dose of potassium fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolic heavyloam black earth in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

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27

Wang, Jidong, Guopeng Zhu, Yue Dong, Hui Zhang, Zed Rengel, Yuchun Ai i Yongchun Zhang. "Potassium starvation affects biomass partitioning and sink–source responses in three sweet potato genotypes with contrasting potassium-use efficiency". Crop and Pasture Science 69, nr 5 (2018): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17328.

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Rooted single leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) produce and translocate photosynthates, thus representing an ideal model for characterising the source–sink relationships and responses to various environments. A hydroponics culture study was conducted with rooted single leaves of sweet potato to determine intraspecific variation in growth, biomass partitioning, and associated physiological changes in response to variable potassium (K) supply among genotypes Ji22 (low K-use efficiency), Nan88 (high K-uptake efficiency) and Xu28 (high K-use efficiency). Potassium deficiency suppressed biomass accumulation in blades, petioles and roots in all three genotypes. Root length of diameters <0.25 mm and 0.25–0.5 mm was significantly less for K-deficient than K-sufficient roots of all genotypes, but the difference was proportionally greater in the K-inefficient genotype Ji22 than the other two genotypes. Potassium deficiency also severely inhibited net photosynthesis of blades in Nan88 and Ji22, as well reducing photosynthate translocation, increasing starch, hexose and sucrose concentrations, and decreasing K concentration in blades. The genotypes varied in photosynthesis-related responses to the K deficiency. Xu28 had greater blade K concentration and net photosynthesis as well as stable maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (FV/FM, with FV = FM – F0) under K deficiency, possibly because of a better source–sink balance and more efficient translocation of photosynthates to roots and K to blade compared with genotypes Ji22 and Nan88. Impaired phloem loading during K deficiency was associated with a decline in photosynthetic rate and decreased carbohydrate supply from blades, resulting in restricted root growth.

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28

DeVay, J. E., B. L. Weir, R. J. Wakeman i J. J. Stapleton. "Effects of Verticillium dahliae Infection of Cotton Plants (Gossypium hirsutum) on Potassium Levels in Leaf Petioles". Plant Disease 81, nr 9 (wrzesień 1997): 1089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.9.1089.

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Two isolates of Verticillium dahliae, a black microsclerotial isolate and an isolate from potassium deficient cotton plants that forms white colonies on agar media, were examined for their effects on the potassium content of cotton plants. The potassium content of petioles from fully expanded leaves collected at random from branches 6 to 7 nodes below the terminal node were monitored during July and August in 1993 to 1995. Potassium contents of petioles from plants inoculated with V. dahliae did not differ significantly from plants injected with sterile water until the plants were nearing peak boll load. Both isolates caused a gradual development of potassium deficiency symptoms in leaves of inoculated plants and a decrease in petiole potassium, often accompanied by chlorosis and necrosis typical of Verticillium wilt. These results suggest that infection of cotton plants by V. dahliae causes an impairment in the uptake and translocation of potassium that is often associated with the development of potassium deficiency symptoms in leaves of plants with large boll loads.

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29

Muilu-Mäkelä, Riina, Jaana Vuosku, Hely Häggman i Tytti Sarjala. "Polyamine Metabolism in Scots Pine Embryogenic Cells under Potassium Deficiency". Cells 10, nr 5 (18.05.2021): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10051244.

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Polyamines (PA) have a protective role in maintaining growth and development in Scots pine during abiotic stresses. In the present study, a controlled liquid Scots pine embryogenic cell culture was used for studying the responses of PA metabolism related to potassium deficiency. The transcription level regulation of PA metabolism led to the accumulation of putrescine (Put). Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) had an increased expression trend under potassium deficiency, whereas spermidine synthase (SPDS) expression decreased. Generally, free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm)/ thermospermine (t-Spm) contents were kept relatively stable, mostly by the downregulation of polyamine oxidase (PAO) expression. The low potassium contents in the culture medium decreased the potassium content of the cells, which inhibited cell mass growth, but did not affect cell viability. The reduced growth was probably caused by repressed metabolic activity and cell division, whereas there were no signs of H2O2-induced oxidative stress or increased cell death. The low intracellular content of K+ decreased the content of Na+. The decrease in the pH of the culture medium indicated that H+ ions were pumped out of the cells. Altogether, our findings emphasize the specific role(s) of Put under potassium deficiency and strict developmental regulation of PA metabolism in Scots pine.

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30

Bednarz, Craig, i Derrick Oosterhuis. "Partitioning of potassium in the cotton plant during the development of a potassium deficiency". Journal of Plant Nutrition 19, nr 12 (grudzień 1996): 1629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169609365226.

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31

Pi, Z., P. Stevanato, L. H. Yv, G. Geng, X. L. Guo, Y. Yang, C. X. Peng i X. S. Kong. "Effects of potassium deficiency and replacement of potassium by sodium on sugar beet plants". Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 61, nr 2 (marzec 2014): 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1021443714020101.

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Pi, Zhi, Piergiorgio Stevanato, Fei Sun, Yun Yang, Xuewei Sun, Huijie Zhao, Gui Geng i Lihua Yu. "Proteomic changes induced by potassium deficiency and potassium substitution by sodium in sugar beet". Journal of Plant Research 129, nr 3 (9.02.2016): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-016-0800-9.

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33

Hospodarenko, Н. M. "POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION". Bulletin of Uman National University of Horticulture 2 (grudzień 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2310-0478-2020-2-56-61.

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The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

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James, D. W., T. A. Tindall, C. J. Hurst i A. N. Hussein. "Alfalfa cultivar responses to phosphorus and potassium deficiency: Biomass". Journal of Plant Nutrition 18, nr 11 (listopad 1995): 2431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169509365075.

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Vargas, M. L., F. Tejada, A. Peñuela, R. Peñafiel i A. Cremades. "Effect of potassium deficiency on body temperature in mice". Journal of Thermal Biology 25, nr 1-2 (luty 2000): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(99)00089-3.

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Jiang, L., R. Z. Yang, Y. F. Lu, S. Q. Cao, L. K. Ci i J. J. Zhang. "β-aminobutyric acid-mediated tobacco tolerance to potassium deficiency". Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 59, nr 6 (13.10.2012): 781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1021443712060088.

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Ma, Tian-Li, Wei-Hua Wu i Yi Wang. "Transcriptome analysis of rice root responses to potassium deficiency". BMC Plant Biology 12, nr 1 (2012): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-12-161.

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Hafsi, Chokri, María C. Romero-Puertas, Luis A. del Río, Chedly Abdelly i Luisa M. Sandalio. "Antioxidative response of Hordeum maritimum L. to potassium deficiency". Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33, nr 1 (11.06.2010): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11738-010-0537-3.

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39

Olson, William H. "The Effects of Differing Potassium Status (K) On English Walnut Tree Growth, Yield, And Nut Quality". HortScience 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 486D—486. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.486d.

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Six years of previous research in a 12-year-old English walnut orchard, with a history of potassium deficiency, created a large number of trees with different potassium status. This provided the opportunity to study the long-term effects different potassium status has on English walnut trees growth, productivity, and nut quality. Walnut trees with a history of potassium deficiency, adequacy or luxury continued in this mode during this evaluation. Positive correlations existed between July leaf potassium levels and tree trunk sectional area (TCSA), visual potassium status, percent husk potassium, yield per tree, and tree yield per TCSA. These positive correlations suggest July leaf potassium levels of 1.4% to 1.5% as being adequate. This is higher than the 1.2% leaf potassium level currently recommended as being adequate for a July sample. Poor or no correlations existed between July leaf potassium levels and percent shell potassium, shell weight, shell breaking force, percent broken shell, nut size, nut weight, percent kernel potassium, percent light-colored kernels, percent edible kernel, percent kernel yield, or percent shriveled kernel. Trees with leaf potassium levels at or above 1.5% July leaf potassium produced 80 pounds per tree more yield than trees with leaf potassium levels at or below 1.0% July leaf potassium levels. These data indicate that good tree potassium status influences tree size and tree productivity. Also the walnut husk is an important sink for the accumulation of potassium. Currently recommended adequate potassium levels for walnut appear to be lower than what this study indicates.

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40

Holopainen, Toini, i Pekka Nygren. "Effects of potassium deficiency and simulated acid rain, alone and in combination, on the ultrastructure of Scots pine needles". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, nr 11 (1.11.1989): 1402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-215.

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The effects of potassium deficiency and artificial acid precipitation, alone and in combination, on Scots pine (Pinussilvestris L.) needles were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The seedling material was grown in quartz sand culture and watered with nutrient solution containing 45, 20, 10, or 5 mg of potassium/L; the concentration of other nutrients was constant and equally available for all seedlings. A portion of the seedlings from each group received consecutive acidified water spraying of pH 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, and 3.0, each for 4 days with a 3-day resting period between applications. The potassium deficiency caused an increase in the proportional vacuolar space and severe vesiculation of the tonoplast. Irregularly shaped lipid structures increased in number in the cytoplasm, and lipid bodies also appeared in the vacuoles and occasionally in the chloroplasts. The symptoms related to potassium deficiency were more severe in the transfusion parenchyma cells than in the mesophyll. The lowest level of potassium produced almost complete disorganization of the cellular structures in the transfusion parenchyma tissue, but severe changes were also seen in the mesophyll. The simulated acid rain treatment caused the formation of protrusions in the chloroplasts and an increase in irregularly shaped lipid structures in the cytoplasm throughout the mesophyll tissue, but no clear symptoms were observed inside the bundle sheath. In general, the changes caused by acid rain in the chloroplasts were slight and did not cause serious disorganization of these organelles. When the seedlings were exposed to combination treatment, the typical symptoms of both exposures were observable. The results suggest that the stresses caused by potassium deficiency and short-term foliar acid rain treatment can be distinguished in the needle ultrastructure.

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41

Southwick, S. M., W. Olson i J. Yeager. "FOLIAR POTASSIUM SPRAY TIMING EFFECTS ON SEASONAL LEAF POTASSIUM AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FRENCH PRUNE (PRUNUS DOMESTICA)". HortScience 27, nr 6 (czerwiec 1992): 594f—594. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.594f.

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Soil applied potassium (K) may not alleviate K deficiency in fine textured California soils when high numbers of prunes per tree are produced leading to leaf necrosis and limb death. Because K demand is increased by fruit, K nitrate (KN) sprays appear to be a corrective option for growers in this situation. Our objectives were to determine best seasonal KN spray liming strategies to minimize K deficiency, quantify K uptake into leaves after spray and to evaluate spray effects on productivity. Results indicated that regardless of spray timing leaf K was increased by approximately 0.3% and three weeks later decreased 0.2%. Average leaf K in sprayed trees was 0.7% higher than untreated trees at harvest. Fruit fresh to dry weight ratios were lower (better) from summer sprayed trees than spring. Summer KN sprayed trees had yield efficiencies equal to those having soil applied K. Fruit size was similar regardless of K application method. Foliar KN sprays may be a viable K augmentation to soil application in heavy crop years on fine textured soils.

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Smethurst, Philip, Andrew Knowles, Keith Churchill, Ann Wilkinson i Arthur Lyons. "Soil and foliar chemistry associated with potassium deficiency in Pinus radiata". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, nr 6 (czerwiec 2007): 1093–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-307.

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We required an improved understanding of K deficiency and diagnosis in Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine). A rapid growth response to K fertilization (100 kg·ha–1) in the presence of weed control confirmed K deficiency in a 2-year-old stand. Tree growth did not respond to N fertilization, and weed control alone appeared insufficient to maximize tree growth. Temporal patterns in visual symptoms of K deficiency suggested they were worst at the end of a drought, and improved after several months of above-average rainfall that coincided with an increase in soil temperature. Soil chemistry generally responded predictably to fertilization, but K fertilization increased soil solution Ca and Mg concentrations without changing exchangeable concentrations. With weed control, a doubling of stem growth response to K fertilizer was associated with a 270% increase in soil solution K (natural variation amongst control plots), 51% increase in exchangeable K, and 39% increase in foliar K. Relationships between seedling growth and hydroponic concentrations of K were consistent with the incidence of K deficiency in the field; predicting these deficiencies using soil exchangeable concentrations was less clear. This study advances the interpretation of soil and foliar chemistry in relation to K and Mg deficiency in P. radiata.

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Bolland, M. D. A., W. J. Cox i B. J. Codling. "Soil and tissue tests to predict pasture yield responses to applications of potassium fertiliser in high-rainfall areas of south-western Australia". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 42, nr 2 (2002): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01060.

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Dairy and beef pastures in the high (>800 mm annual average) rainfall areas of south-western Australia, based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum), grow on acidic to neutral deep (>40 cm) sands, up to 40 cm sand over loam or clay, or where loam or clay occur at the surface. Potassium deficiency is common, particularly for the sandy soils, requiring regular applications of fertiliser potassium for profitable pasture production. A large study was undertaken to assess 6 soil-test procedures, and tissue testing of dried herbage, as predictors of when fertiliser potassium was required for these pastures. The 100 field experiments, each conducted for 1 year, measured dried-herbage production separately for clover and ryegrass in response to applied fertiliser potassium (potassium chloride). Significant (P<0.05) increases in yield to applied potassium (yield response) were obtained in 42 experiments for clover and 6 experiments for ryegrass, indicating that grass roots were more able to access potassium from the soil than clover roots. When percentage of the maximum (relative) yield was related to soil-test potassium values for the top 10 cm of soil, the best relationships were obtained for the exchangeable (1 mol/L NH4Cl) and Colwell (0.5 mol/L NaHCO3-extracted) soil-test procedures for potassium. Both procedures accounted for about 42% of the variation for clover, 15% for ryegrass, and 32% for clover + grass. The Colwell procedure for the top 10 cm of soil is now the standard soil-test method for potassium used in Western Australia. No increases in clover yields to applied potassium were obtained for Colwell potassium at >100 mg/kg soil. There was always a clover-yield increase to applied potassium for Colwell potassium at <30 mg/kg soil. Corresponding potassium concentrations for ryegrass were >50 and <30 mg/kg soil. At potassium concentrations 30–100 mg/kg soil for clover and 30–50 mg/kg soil for ryegrass, the Colwell procedure did not reliably predict yield response, because from nil to large yield responses to applied potassium occurred. The Colwell procedure appears to extract the most labile potassium in the soil, including soluble potassium in soil solution and potassium balancing negative charge sites on soil constituents. In some soils, Colwell potassium was low indicating deficiency, yet plant roots may have accessed potassum deeper in the soil profile. Where the Colwell procedure does not reliably predict soil potassium status, tissue testing may help. The relationship between relative yield and tissue-test potassium varied markedly for different harvests in each year of the experiments, and for different experiments. For clover, the concentration of potassium in dried herbage that was related to 90% of the maximum, potassium non-limiting yield (critical potassium) was at the concentration of about 15 g/kg dried herbage for plants up to 8 weeks old, and at <10 g/kg dried herbage for plants older than 10–12 weeks. For ryegrass, there were insufficient data to provide reliable estimates of critical potassium.

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Jezdinský, Aleš, Robert Pokluda i Katalin Slezák. "Effect of Nutrient Supply on Some Selected Parameters of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. cv. ‘HRF’) Transplants". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, nr 2 (2016): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664020455.

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In the trial the effect of nitrogen deficiency and potassium surplus on the dry weight, photosynthetic activity (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) were examined. The macroelement content of aboveground parts were analysed, too. The plants were grown in pots filled by pure Sphagnum peat. The top-dressing started in the 3-leave stage of plants, with different solution (every irrigation): control treatment: 0.28 g N, 0.097 g P (0.22 g P2O5), 0.42 g K (0.50 g K2O) per litre; nitrogen-deficiency: 0.097 g P (0.22 g P2O5), 0.42 g K (0.50 g K2O) per litre; potassium surplus: 0.28 g N, 0.097 g P (0.22 g P2O5), 0.83 g K (1.0 g K2O) per litre. The transplants grown in the commercial fertilization technology (control treatment) almost in every evaluated parameters shown average value. The potassium surplus resulted significantly higher transpiration activity (2.58 mmol H2O. m−2. s−1) and photosynthetic activity (11.54 μmol CO2. m−2. s−1) than the nitrogen deficiency (E: 1.91 mmol H2O. m−2. s−1and A: 9.01 μmol CO2. m−2. s−1), but without significant differences with control treatment. The N, P and K content of aboveground parts was significantly lower in the nitrogen deficiency treatment, than in the case of the potassium surplus, too. The effect of treatments on the dry weight of the plants, the stomatal conductance and the water use efficiency was not proven statistically.

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Fadeev, V. V., S. V. Lesnikova i G. A. Melnichenko. "Thyroid function in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency". Problems of Endocrinology 49, nr 6 (15.12.2003): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl11754.

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The study whose purpose was to examine the time course of changes in the function of thyroid gland (TG) in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency enrolled 218 females in different periods of pregnancy in accordance with the following criteria: the absence of dysfunction (of TG). In 128 patients of them, baseline TG pathology was absent; 90 patients were found to have these or those types of euthyroid goiter. Some women received iodine preventive therapy (150-200 mcg of potassium iodide daily) on an individual basis. Comparison of the levels of TTH and T4 in women receiving and no receiving iodine preventive therapy revealed that by the end of pregnancy, those receiving 150-200 pg of potassium iodide had significantly lower TTN levels and higher T4 levels. Comparing the time course of changes in the volume of TG between these groups showed that they did not increase to a significantly greater extent in the females receiving no iodine preventive therapy. Whether potassium iodide was used, there were no changes in the size of TG nodal masses during pregnancy. In the control group, active smokers were fewer than those in the goiter group (p = 0.035). Six-ten months after labor, the volume of TG further increased in the females without iodine preventive therapy group while that substantially decreased in those receiving 150-200 pg of iodine daily. It is concluded that pregnancy in the presence of mild iodine deficiency is accompanied by a higher risk of the development and progression of goiter, and by a risk for gestational hypothyroxinemia, which is prevented by an individual iodine preventive therapy with 150-200 pg of potassium iodide daily. Furthermore, pregnancy is not accompanied by a risk of increases in the size of nodal euthyroid colloid goiter that does not itself entail an additional risk for gestational hypothyroxinemia.

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Rogiers, Suzy Y., Dennis H. Greer, Francesca J. Moroni i Tintu Baby. "Potassium and Magnesium Mediate the Light and CO2 Photosynthetic Responses of Grapevines". Biology 9, nr 7 (28.06.2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9070144.

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Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) deficiency are common stresses that can impact on grape yield and quality, but their effects on photosynthesis have received little attention. Understanding the diffusional and biochemical limitations to photosynthetic constraints will help to guide improvements in cultural practices. Accordingly, the photosynthetic response of Vitis vinifera cvs. Shiraz and Chardonnay to K or Mg deficiency was assessed under hydroponic conditions using miniature low-nutrient-reserve vines. Photosynthesis was at least partly reduced by a decline in stomatal conductance. Light and CO2-saturated photosynthesis, maximum rate of ribulose 1.5 bisphospate (RuBP) carboxylation (Vcmax) and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax) all decreased under K and Mg deficiency. Likewise, chlorophyll fluorescence and electron transport were lower under both nutrient deficiencies while dark respiration increased. K deficiency drastically reduced shoot biomass in both cultivars, while root biomass was greatly reduced under both Mg and K deficiency. Taken together, these results indicate that the decrease in biomass was likely due to both stomatal and biochemical limitations in photosynthesis. Optimising photosynthesis through adequate nutrition will thus support increases in biomass with carry-on positive effects on crop yields.

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Yakubova, L. V. "THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPENSATION OF MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES IN PERSONS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE ERA OF COVID-19". Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 18, nr 6 (31.12.2020): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2020-18-6-750-754.

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According to a number of studies, patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have an increased risk of adverse course and death from COVID-19. The deficiency in the daily consumption of micronutrients, especially potassium and magnesium, is considered to be a non-infectious "epidemic" of the 21st century. The paper presents the results of studies indicating an increased risk of developing CVD (arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias) and mortality from them in the presence of a deficiency in the consumption of potassium and magnesium, as well as their reduced content in the body. It provides an overview of published data on the importance of maintaining normal levels of potassium and magnesium in the body to reduce CVD risk and mortality.

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Janpen, Chananchida, Naruemon Kanthawang, Chaiartid Inkham, Fui Ying Tsan i Sarana Rose Sommano. "Physiological responses of hydroponically-grown Japanese mint under nutrient deficiency". PeerJ 7 (26.09.2019): e7751. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7751.

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This research aims to determine growth and deficiency patterns as well as antioxidative potentials of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) hydroponically grown under limited macronutrients and micronutrients. The experiment was conducted for 60 days after transplanting in an evaporative greenhouse (avg temp = 28–30 °C, 60–65 %RH), using deep water culture technique. Plants were grown in nutrient solution consisting of complete Hoagland’s solution (CTRL), and nutrient solutions lacking one of the following macronutrients and micronutrients: nitrogen (-N), phosphorus (-P), potassium (-K), iron (-Fe), manganese (-Mn), and copper (-Cu). The deficiency symptoms, growth patterns, and stress response mechanism were followed. All treatments except for the CTRL induced deficiency symptoms and physiological changes. Macronutrient deprivation reduced growth determined by the morphological parameters while micronutrient omission had no effect except for no iron treatment. The result showed that potassium and iron deficiencies had foremost adversely effect on growth of Japanese mint. Under nutrient stress conditions, plant only gave antioxidative responses to phosphorus and potassium deficiencies. However, the negative plant-stress relationship was found for no iron treatment indicating the detoxification mode of plant for lacking of micronutrient.

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Pogozheva, Alla V., i Alla V. Pogozheva. "The role of potassium and magnesium for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease". Consilium Medicum 22, nr 10 (2020): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2020.10.200336.

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The article provides data on foods rich in potassium and magnesium as well as causes and consequences of their insufficient intake. It shows a high prevalence of their deficiency among the Russia population. The article considers the role of potassium and magnesium in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Ways to increase potassium and magnesium in your diet include the use of special diets, potassium- and magnesium-rich foods. It discusses selection criteria and advantages of using drugs which contain both potassium and magnesium to improve the mineral status of the population.

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Brough, Abigail, i Anne-Claire Duchaussoy. "A novel hypokalaemic polymyopathy and subsequent unrelated nutritional thiamine deficiency in a young Burmese cat". Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 7, nr 2 (lipiec 2021): 205511692110419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20551169211041930.

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Case summary An 8-month-old female spayed Burmese cat was referred for investigation of reduced appetite, reluctance to walk and jump and amaurosis. On serum biochemistry there was severe hypokalaemia and marked elevation of creatine kinase, suggestive of hypokalaemic polymyopathy. The neurological signs were consistent with thiamine deficiency. The cat was negative for the periodic hypokalaemic polymyopathy (PHP) of Burmese cats, and was ultimately diagnosed with a previously undescribed potassium wasting nephropathy requiring ongoing oral potassium supplementation. The response to treatment was excellent and the cat has remained clinically normal over a 12-month follow-up period. Relevance and novel information PHP in Burmese cats has been well described, but all cases to date have been shown to be secondary to a genetic mutation in WNK4, resulting in potassium wasting into the urine. This is the first case report of another potassium wasting nephropathy in a young Burmese cat, with subsequent development of nutritional thiamine deficiency.

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