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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Posture – Physiological aspects"
1
Chandra, F. "Medical and Physiological Aspects of Headstand". International Journal of Yoga Therapy 1, nr 1-2 (1.01.1990): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.1.1-2.314811w785554xw1.
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The subject of this article is the famous headstand posture and some current theories about the production of its effects of which there are an enormous number. The definitive work was published by Dr. Rao in the Journal of Applied Physiology (Ref. I& 2). The first point he considered was when one goes into the headstand position, about 400 to 500 ml of blood flows from the legs down towards the head. He measured blood pressure in the leg and found that it fell from about 200 to 10 mm Hg., average pressure. In the neck and arm, however, pressure rose by 20% (from about 90 mm Hg., to 108 mm Hg., mean blood pressure).
2
Cockram, M. S., J. E. Kent, N. K. Waran, R. E. Jackson, G. M. Muwanga, S. Prytherch i P. J. Goddard. "Effect of space allowance during transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (marzec 1995): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029378.
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When farm animals are transported over long distances there is concern about their welfare. This has resulted in consumer pressure and additional legislation to control the transport of animals. However, information on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep to transport is required to assess which aspects of transport can cause welfare problems. An optimal space allowance for long distance transport of sheep should ideally provide stability; allow normal posture (during standing and lying), and postural adjustments, without causing an increased risk of injury and psychological ‘stress’. Direct behavioural observations of potentially traumatic events related to vehicle movement and behavioural interactions (riding and trampling) were recorded during transport. Postures, orientation, rumination and eating were recorded to determine whether there was sufficient space to lie down during transport and to assess the relative priorities for resting and eating post-transport. Measurements of ‘stress’ (heart rate and plasma concentrations of Cortisol); injury (plasma activities of creatinine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase, and acceleration sensors), and dehydration (packed cell volume, plasma osmolality, plasma concentrations of total protein, vasopressin and sodium, water intake and live-weight change) were also made.
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Bussmann, Johannes B. J., Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer i Jochen Fahrenberg. "Ambulatory Activity Monitoring". European Psychologist 14, nr 2 (styczeń 2009): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.14.2.142.
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Behavior is central to psychology in almost any definition. Although observable activity is a core aspect of behavior, assessment strategies have tended to focus on emotional, cognitive, or physiological responses. When physical activity is assessed, it is done so mostly with questionnaires. Converging evidence of only a moderate association between self-reports of physical activity and objectively measured physical activity does raise questions about the validity of these self-reports. Ambulatory activity monitoring, defined as the measurement strategy to assess physical activity, posture, and movement patterns continuously in everyday life, has made major advances over the last decade and has considerable potential for further application in the assessment of observable activity, a core aspect of behavior. With new piezoresistive sensors and advanced computer algorithms, the objective measurement of physical activity, posture, and movement is much more easily achieved and measurement precision has improved tremendously. With this overview, we introduce to the reader some recent developments in ambulatory activity monitoring. We will elucidate the discrepancies between objective and subjective reports of activity, outline recent methodological developments, and offer the reader a framework for developing insight into the state of the art in ambulatory activity-monitoring technology, discuss methodological aspects of time-based design and psychometric properties, and demonstrate recent applications. Although not yet main stream, ambulatory activity monitoring – especially in combination with the simultaneous assessment of emotions, mood, or physiological variables – provides a comprehensive methodology for psychology because of its suitability for explaining behavior in context.
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Gulbani, R., i M. Tomilova. "Aesthetic correction of posture by means of physical rehabilitation". Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), nr 1(121) (29.01.2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2019.1(121)20.06.
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The article presents an analysis of the means and methods of physical rehabilitation aimed at aesthetic correction of posture for women 30-45 years old. The analysis of changes in the physical and functional state of women that occur with age and are a natural part of life is presented. It was stated that due to a healthy diet, an active lifestyle, and emotional stability, some physiological changes can be delayed, which was the main goal of this work. The positive aspects of the physical exercises offered under this topic are described in detail. The positive and most effective aspects of the methodology of individualized corrective exercises are considered. The results obtained during the study are presented, and a comparative analysis is performed, on the basis of which the program and practical recommendations are compiled. The assessment of the state of mobility, strength and flexibility of the muscles of the spine corset by simple and affordable means. Complexes of means of physical rehabilitation are proposed, the main component of which are: Chinese hormonal self-massage to create a psycho-emotional state; method of tapping the body; Japanese breathing technique from Mici Riosuke – power exercise; Dr. Izumi Fukutsuji's cushions exercise – corrective exercise, passive self-stretching; japanese technique from Tamayo 3 in 1 – power exercise, coordination; myofascial release foam roller and considered passive correction with healing postures, according to the method of A. Sitel. And also, the simplest self-massage exercise “tapping”, which allows not only to warm up the muscles, but also to launch a positive emotional mood.
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Lan, Cheng, Zhen Liu i Wei Gao. "Discussions on the Ecological Designing of the Preschool Constructions". Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (sierpień 2013): 528–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.528.
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The preschool construction space and environment poses major impacts on childrens growth and development. Looking from the current development situation of the country, the preschool construction maintains no independent posture while existing as the ancillary construction for the residential places. This text carries out discussions from the aspects as its general planning, the planar design and the environment, aiming to promote the ecological designing concept development for it construction. Children are the future for the country, the preschool construction, therefore, should not only meet childrens physiological and psychological development, but should also take its ecological and comfortable properties into consideration.
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Matheson, T. "Contralateral coordination and retargeting of limb movements during scratching in the locust". Journal of Experimental Biology 201, nr 13 (1.07.1998): 2021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.13.2021.
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Locusts, Schistocerca gregaria, in common with many limbed vertebrates, can make directed scratching movements in response to tactile stimulation. For instance, stimulation of different sites on a wing elicits different movements that are accurately targeted so that the hindleg tarsus passes across the stimulus site. I have analysed these limb movements to define the ability of a locust to target stimulus sites correctly under a range of experimental conditions. In particular, I describe aspects of the behaviour that reveal possible neuronal pathways underlying the responses. These neuronal pathways will be the subject of further physiological analyses. Limb targeting during scratching is continuously graded in form; different patterns of movement are not separated by sharp transitions. The computation of limb trajectory takes into account the starting posture of the hindleg, so that different trajectories can be used to reach a common stimulus site from different starting postures. Moreover, the trajectories of the two hindlegs moving simultaneously from different starting postures in response to a single stimulus can be different, so that their tarsi converge onto the common stimulus site. Different trajectories can be used to reach a common stimulus site from the same start posture. Targeting information from a forewing is passed not only down the nerve cord to the ipsilateral hindleg but also across the nerve cord, so that the contralateral hindleg can also make directed movements. This contralateral transmission does not rely on peripheral sensory feedback. When the stimulus site moves during a rhythmical scratch, the targeting of subsequent cycles reflects this change. Both ipsilateral and contralateral hindlegs can retarget their movements. The trajectory of a single cycle of scratching directed towards a particular stimulus site can be modified after it has begun, so that the tarsus is redirected towards a new stimulus site.
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Seraj, Umi Salmah, i Mohd Farid Aladdin. "In-situ Study of Seating Static Comfort in Passenger Vehicles". MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202018.
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In today’s automotive market, comfort is huge selling point of a vehicle. Priority is given by buyers to how comfortable a seat feels during purchase decisions. The measure of comfort is harmonious mix of many aspects such as human ergonomics and physiological factors. However, a gap still exists between objective and subjective measures due to lack of emphasis by past researchers. This is particularly obvious in the lumbar support feature that has still not been able to address the health problems related to driving. This project focuses on bridging the gap by giving users the ability to define true preferred posture in realistic settings. This is done by the creation of a apparatus that allows users to individually manipulate the seat contour for optimum support in more segments than just lumbar area. The experiment is performed in 3 parts, where in each part different segments of the apparatus are manipulatable (lumbar segment, sacral & thoracic segment, and all segments). Sixty human subjects’ statistics are recorded (gender, age, BMI and height) and the subjects are palpated to locate internal joints. These joints are marked and postural angles between them are measured using a goniometer. In each seat configuration, the angles are measured and a comfort rating is taken to be compared. It was found that the posture angles are different among the 3 experiments, and there is a change in comfort felt. Some human factors have also been proven to contribute heavily to angles chosen by occupants.
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Palilingan, Richard Andreas, Ketut Tirtayasa i I. Wayan Surata. "Ergonomic-Based Redesign of Broomsticks Reduces the Physiological Burdens of Street Sweepers in Denpasar City, Indonesia". Jurnal Ergonomi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Ergonomic) 6, nr 2 (30.12.2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jei.2020.v06.i02.p05.
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The equipment, such as broomsticks used by street sweepers are not appropriate based on anthropometric aspects, with a potency to induce inconvenience among them. Working with equipment that is not ergonomics, in addition to non-physiological work posture can cause fatigue, musculoskeletal disorders, and increased workload. This study aims to determine whether redesign an ergonomic-based broomstick may reduce the physiological burden of street sweepers in Denpasar city, Indonesia. This research is a pure experiment using a cross-design (two-period crossover design). The sample was 16 female street sweepers, divided into two groups: 8 as the control group and 8 treatment groups. Data analysis were performed using a paired t-test with significance level of 5%. The results showed significant difference (p <0.05) on the variables of workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue. In the first period, the mean of the street sweeper working heart rate was 118.96 ± 2.26 beats per minutes (bpm), the mean musculoskeletal complaint score was 91.63 ± 2.70 and the average fatigue was 77.69 ± 2.96. In Period II, the mean heart rate was 98.49 ± 2.22 bpm, the mean musculoskeletal complaint score was 63.56 ± 2.73 and the average fatigue was 57.56 ± 2.94. Redesigned stem brooms turned out to reduce workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue by 17.21%, 30.6%, and 25.91%, respectively. It can be concluded that the redesign of an ergonomic-based broomstick can reduce workload, musculoskeletal complaints, and fatigue.
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Hoang, Nguyen Nhat Linh, Vuong Diem Khanh Doan, Thi Dang Thu Nguyen i Thi Hong Nhi Nguyen. "Sleep quality among youngster in Danang city, Vietnam: A cross-sectional study". Journal of Health and Development Studies 05, nr 02 (26.03.2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.38148/jhds.0502skpt20-087.
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Objectives: Sleep is a normal physiological process of the body. Sleep impacts on many aspects of health and quality of life at all ages. There are many risk factors associated with sleep deprivation or poor sleep quality: physical health problems such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease; mental health issues like depression; traffic and occupational accident. The study was conducted with the aims of understanding the sleep quality situation of youngster aged 16-30 years in Da Nang City, Vietnam, and determining the factors related to the sleep quality of the study participants. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on adolescents living in Da Nang City, Vietnam. The information was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with the sleep quality among adolescents. Results: The proportion of the adolescents who suffered from poor sleep quality was 31.1%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there were the relationships between sleep quality and living in Hoa Vang District; occupations were student, worker, or officer; finishing working/studying time after 7 pm; regularly use and dependent on the internet; having stress; having pressure on study/work, overeating before going to bed, rarely or sometimes staying up late, lying postures were laying up, lie on the left side and other postures; hand posture when sleeping. Conclusion: The proportion of adolescents living in Da Nang City with good sleep quality was not high. The government needs to propagandize and mobilize people, especially young people in terms of the impacts of sleep quality on health, thereby improving sleep quality to help young people in good condition, helping the country and defending the country. Keywords: Sleep quality, adolescents, Da Nang City
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McCollum, Gin. "Spatial symmetry groups as sensorimotor guidelines". Journal of Vestibular Research 17, nr 5-6 (3.07.2008): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2007-175-614.
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While some aspects of neuroanatomical organization are related to packing and access rather than to function, other aspects of anatomical/physiological organization are directly related to function. The mathematics of symmetry groups can be used to determine logical structure in projections and to relate it to function. This paper reviews two studies of the symmetry groups of vestibular projections that are related to the spatial functions of the vestibular complex, including gaze, posture, and movement. These logical structures have been determined by finding symmetry groups of two vestibular projections directly from physiological and anatomical data. Logical structures in vestibular projections are distinct from mapping properties such as the ability to maintain two- and three-dimensional coordinate systems; rather, they provide anatomical/physiological foundations for these mapping properties. The symmetry group of the direct projection from the semicircular canal primary afferents to neck motor neurons is that of the cube (O, the octahedral group), which can serve as a discrete skeleton for coordinate systems in three-dimensional space. The symmetry group of the canal projection from the secondary vestibular afferents to the inferior olive and thence to the cerebellar uvula-nodulus is that of the square (D8), which can support coordinates for the horizontal plane. While the mathematical relationship between these symmetry groups and functions of the vestibular complex are clear, these studies open a larger question: what is the causal logic by which neural centers and their intrinsic organization affect each other and behavior? The relationship of vestibular projection symmetry groups to spatial function make them ideal projections for investigating this causal logic. The symmetry group results are discussed in relationship to possible ways they communicate spatial structure to other neural centers and format spatial functions such as body movements. These two projection symmetry groups suggest that all vestibular projections may have symmetry groups significantly related to function, perhaps all to spatial function.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Posture – Physiological aspects"
1
Dowler, Elizabeth Safety Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Effects of neutral posture on muscle tension, pain and performance for computer users". Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 1998. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/37113.
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This study focuses on developing a new approach to seated work positions. It was conducted on 67 office workers who use the Video Display Terminal (VDT) as a major function of their working day. Muscle tension was measured by surface electromyography when subjects were asked to adopt four selected working postures. Pain was measured before and after ergonomic intervention on the Nordic scale, which was modified for this study. Performance was measured on timed typing tests. A psychosocial questionnaire was used to determine influences of job demands, and a diagnostic assessment was performed to determine symptoms and pre-existing musculoskeletal conditions. Furniture was used to place subjects in desired positions during the clinical testing sessions and the extended intervention period. The chair seat pan was adjusted to a forward tilt to promote a lordotic curve of the low back, resulting in an erect upper body and upright head position. The desk and keyboard were adjusted to the proper height for each worker. A neutral wrist position was obtained by lowering and tilting the keyboard away from the user. Results revealed muscle tension scores in the upper trapezius and forearm extensors were significantly reduced when the workers were placed with the head in a midline position, with forward-tilting seating and with use of a negative sloping keyboard tray. Subjects reported low pain scores at pretest so no changes were noted after intervention. Loss of control over job elements, lack of job satisfaction, and fear of job loss were related to an increase in muscle tension. Only fear of job loss correlated to increased pain levels. There was no relationship between any of the job demand factors and performance.
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Gendron, Robert 1967. "Prevalence of exercise-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation and the effect of posture in healthy untrained young subjects". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24082.
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Exercise-induced hypoxemia is a common observation in endurance-trained athletes. The present study examined the kinetics of oxyhemoglobin saturation during upright (UP) maximal cycling exercise in 84 healthy, untrained subjects between 8 and 26 years old. The prevalence of oxyhemoglobin desaturation (DS: SaO$ sb2 $ 0.05). A subgroup of children (n = 6) repeated the maximal exercise protocol in the supine (SU) position. In NDS values of SaO$ sb2$ were not affected by posture (UP: 95.3 $ pm$ 2.3 vs SU: 94.1 $ pm$ 0.9) for similar VO$ sb{ rm 2max}$ (UP: 3.7 $ pm$ 0.36 vs SU: 3.43 $ pm$ 0.36) (p $>$ 0.05). These observations suggest that exercise-induced DS is independent of age or training status. Differences due to posture may be related to variations in ventilatory and/or pulmonary perfusion parameters.
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Ngcamu, Nokubonga Slindele (Sma). "Awkward working postures and precision performance as an example of the relationship between ergonomics and production quality". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1561/.
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Smith, Jimmy C. "The Effect of Seat Back Angle on Responses During Recumbent Cycling". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332582/.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolic, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses during recumbent cycle ergometry performed at various seat back angles and different work rates. Healthy college-aged men performed steady-state exercise at two work rates, 100 watts (n=46) and 150 watts (n=26), using five back seat angles, 90, 105, 120, 135, and 150 degrees. The results of this study suggest that recumbent seat back angles of 135 to 150 degrees are associated with lower metabolic and cardiorespiratory stress during rest and submaximal exercise than more upright positions. The reduced stress at these angles is accompanied by lower perceptions of exertion and improved seating comfort. The failure of the base-line correction for resting V0 2 to remove the effect of seat back angle implies that the reduced physiological stress associated with these positions is due to reasons other than attenuated resting metabolic costs. It is concluded that the selection of recumbent seat back angles between 135 and 150 degrees can result in improved efficiency, reduced physiological stress, diminished perceptions of exertion, and increased seating comfort.
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Skelton, Sarah Anne. "Combined and additive effects of assembly tasks and constrained body postures". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005185.
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Despite extensive research into musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) they continue to plague workers. Manual materials handling (MMH), in particular the concurrence of load manipulation and awkward body posture, has been identified as a key factor in the onset of MSDs. Only a few studies have looked at the interaction between manipulation tasks and working posture during assembly tasks and as a result their relationship has not been widely explored. Assessing the stresses resulting from individual task factors and body posture in isolation and adding them together may be too simplified to estimate an overall risk profile, since this does not take into account that there may be a non-linear interaction in strain responses when manipulation task and body posture interact. Therefore, the present study investigated biophysical, physiological and psychophysical responses to combined tasks, rather than individual tasks of body posture and manipulative tasks. The objective of the research was to establish the interactive effects of constrained body postures and manipulative tasks and to identify whether a cumulative or compensatory reaction occurs during this interaction. Nine conditions were assessed in a laboratory setting, which included combinations of three working postures (standing, sitting and stooping) and three assembly tasks (torque wrenching, precision and no task). Thirty-six subjects were required to complete all nine conditions, with each condition lasting ninety seconds. Muscle activity was recorded for seven muscles from the upper extremity, trunk and lower extremity regions and was complemented by physiological (heart rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation, oxygen consumption, energy expenditure and breathing frequency) and psychophysical (body discomfort) data. At the completion of all nine conditions subjects completed a retrospective psychophysical rating questionnaire pertaining to discomfort felt during the conditions. Responses obtained for the different task and posture combinations revealed compensatory reactions (additive > combined) for most of the conditions assessed for the biomechanical and physiological responses. In the majority of cases for muscle activity, no significant differences were found between the combined and the additive effects (p < 0.05), while for the physiological responses there were mostly significant differences observed. Psychophysical responses indicated that there was a significant difference overall between the additive and combined effects. The results of this study demonstrate that in order to identify risk areas, manipulation tasks and constrained working postures may be considered either in isolation and added together (additive) or as a combined task, since there were very few significant differences observed between these two effects. Further studies are required, however, to provide conclusive evidence.
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Wolfe, Amy. "The effect of restricted environments on selected postural, physiological and perceptual responses". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005193.
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Manual lifting tasks are the predominant means of transporting materials in industry with many of these tasks being performed in confined spaces. Research has tended to focus on the biomechanical implications of working in small spaces with a decided lack of information about the physiological and perceptual responses in these environments. This holistic study therefore investigated the manner in which the human operator responded to conditions where the ceiling height was lowered and reach demands increased. Thirty-two young physically active male subjects (age: 21.55yr; stature: 1810mm) were recruited to complete a 2-way repeated measures experiment during which four lifting protocols where different combinations of ceiling height (‘normal’ or reduced to 1460mm in height) and reach demands (400mm or 800mm) were tested. A crude postural analysis was conducted while physiological responses were detailed and continuously monitored. Perceptual responses were also assessed. The tasks with a ‘normal’ ceiling height (mean compression forces: 2615N; mean shearing forces: 388N) and the greatest reach distance (mean compression forces: 3655N; mean shearing forces: 386N) placed individuals under the highest strain. Mean heart rate (HR) responses were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the URN condition when compared to the RF condition. Furthermore, HR responses were statistically significantly affected by the height of the ceiling and the reach depth. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in mean tidal volume (VT) occurred in the least (URN) and most (RF) restrictive conditions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean VE were evident between URN and URF, between URN and RF and between RN and RF. Ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically significant effect on all respiratory responses. There was a statistically significant difference in mean oxygen consumption (VO2) between the URN and all other conditions, and between the most restricted task (RF) and all other conditions. Both the effect of ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically statistically significant impact on VO2. Respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly higher when loads were moved over 800mm compared to 400mm yet ceiling height did not have a statistically significant effect on RQ. Mean energy expenditure was significantly higher in the RF condition compared to the two least restrictive conditions (URN and RN). Statistically significant differences in EE were also evident between URN and RN, and between URN and URF. EE was significantly affected by reductions in ceiling height and increases in reach demands. Perceptually, the RF task (mean ‘Central’ RPE of 11) was perceived to place significantly greater cardiorespiratory demands on the operator compared to the URN (CRPE: 10) and RN (CRPE: 10) conditions. Statistically significant differences in perceived musculoskeletal strain only occurred between URN and RF. The effect of reach was perceived to have a statistically significant effect on both cardiovascular and musculoskeletal demands whereas ceiling height only had a statistically significant effect on musculoskeletal demands. The greatest discomfort was experienced in the lower back with the most intense discomfort occurring in the RN condition.
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Shuman, Barbara Dixon. "The effect of backpack weight on the height of middle school students". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2172.
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The focus of this study investigates the effect backpack weight has on the height of middle school students. It provides data about the effects of backpack weight on height that has not previously been determined. This study aims to contribute information to a growing body of evidence which supports the limitation of backpack weight for children to be no more than 10% of body weight.
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Sessford, Karus David. "The effect of anxiety on motor learning during a postural task". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3122.
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The effect of anxiety on motor learning during a balance relevant task was
investigated. Twenty participants (mean age 22.0 ± 2.7 years) were randomly divided
into groups that completed the task whilst standing directly on the platform or on 9cm
high pedestals, thus constructing Non-Anxious (NA) or Anxious (A) environments.
Participants trained for 36 trials in a continuous, pseudo-random oscillating balance task
consisting of pseudo-random amplitude translation at 0.5Hz for 45 seconds each on Day
1 and returned for Retention and Transfer tests on Day 2. Motor performance was
impaired by training in an anxious environment and this effect persisted across retesting
in both non-anxious and anxious environments. Anxiety also tended to further impair
transfer of motor performance improvements to a non-anxious environment. These
findings have implications for the success of balance training programs in patients who
are anxious or afraid of falling.ix, 103 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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"biomechanics study of school-bag carrying during stair ascent and descent by children =: 背負書包上落樓梯對學童生物力學反應的硏究". 2002. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891215.
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Lau Tsz Chung.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-66).
Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese.
Lau Tsz Chung.
Acknowledgement --- p.i
Abstract --- p.ii
Table of contents --- p.v
List of Figures --- p.viii
List of Tables --- p.x
Introduction --- p.1
Background --- p.1
Statement of Problem --- p.3
Research Question --- p.4
Significance of the Study --- p.4
Theoretical Contribution --- p.4
Practical Contribution --- p.5
Review of Literature --- p.7
Load carrying on Level Ground --- p.7
Research Method Involved --- p.8
Modified Gait Pattern During Load Carriage --- p.9
Trunk Posture --- p.10
Low Back Pain --- p.11
Posture and Back Pain --- p.12
Load Carrying Studies in Children --- p.14
Stair Walking --- p.15
Compared with Level Walking --- p.15
Temporal Characteristics --- p.17
Kinematics Measurement --- p.18
Stair Dimensions --- p.19
Stair Walking with Load Carriage --- p.21
Physiological Studies --- p.21
Biomechanical Studies --- p.21
Methodology --- p.24
Design --- p.24
Subject --- p.24
Instrumentation --- p.25
Motion Analysis System --- p.25
School Bag --- p.25
Experimental Set-up --- p.25
Procedure --- p.26
Term Definition --- p.27
Data Analysis --- p.27
Results --- p.29
Ascending Stair --- p.29
Posture --- p.29
Effect on Load Weight --- p.29
Effect on Load Carrying Method --- p.30
Velocity --- p.30
Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.30
Descending Stair --- p.31
Posture --- p.31
Effect on Load Weight --- p.31
Effect on Load Carrying Method --- p.31
Velocity --- p.32
Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.32
Trend --- p.32
Summary --- p.33
Discussion --- p.35
Ascending Stair --- p.35
Posture --- p.35
Different Load Weights --- p.35
Different Carrying Methods --- p.39
Velocity --- p.40
Descending Stair --- p.42
Posture --- p.42
Velocity --- p.46
Parameters of Lower Extremities --- p.47
Trend --- p.48
Back Pain --- p.49
Recommended Carrying Load Method and Weight for Children --- p.50
Limitations of the Study --- p.52
Further Study --- p.53
Conclusion --- p.56
References --- p.57
Appendix --- p.67
Appendix A - The experimental Set-up --- p.67
Appendix B - Subject Consent Form --- p.68
Appendix C - Figures and Tables --- p.71
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Bezuidenhout, Sussanna Maria. "'n Ergonomiese studie oor oorhoofse kraanoperateurs se werksomgewing en beroepsgesondheid". Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18091.
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Text in AfrikaansSummaries in English and Afrikaans
This study aims to investigate the relation between a crane operator in a slab handlingarea's experience of his/her work environment and occupational health. A study of the literature leads one to the conclusion that the nature of crane operators' work environment may cause health problems. According to the literature crane operators are high risk cases regarding musculoskeletal disorders. The empirical study affirms that there are risk factors present in the crane operator's work environment, which may influence his/her occupational health. It is statistically proven that there is a meaningful difference between crane operators with a negative experience of the work environment and crane operators with a positive experience of the work environment, and the amount of illnesses experienced by crane operators as well as their general health. Recommendations are made regarding training, adjustability and flexibility of the work station, job rotation, job expansion and enrichment, and social contact.
Die doel van die studie is om die verband tussen 'n kraanoperateur in 'n platblokhanteringsarea se ervaring van sy/haar werksomgewing en beroepsgesondheid te ondersoek. Die literatuurstudie lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die aard van kraanoperateurs se werksomgewing aanleiding kan gee tot gesondheidsprobleme. Volgens die literatuur is kraanoperateurs hoerisikogevalle ten opsigte van spierskeletstelselbeserings. Die empiriese studie bevestig dat daar risikofaktore voorkom in die kraanoperateur se werksomgewing wat sy/haar beroepsgesondheid kan be"invloed. Statisties is bewys dat daar 'n betekenisvolle verskil is tussen kraanoperateurs met 'n negatiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en kraanoperateurs met 'n positiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en die hoeveelheid siektetoestande wat kraanoperateurs ervaar, en die algemene gesondheid van kraanoperateurs. Aanbevelings om risikofaktore te beheer word gemaak ten opsigte van opleiding, verstelbaarheid en buigbaarheid van die werkstasie, posrotasie, posverbreding en - verryking, en sosiale kontak.
Industrial Psychology
M. Com (Industrial Psychology)
Książki na temat "Posture – Physiological aspects"
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Vergé-Dépré, K. Body posture in microgravity. Paris, France: European Space Agency, 1994.
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Posture: Sitting, standing, chair design, and exercise. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: Thomas, 1988.
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Zacharkow, Dennis. Posture: Sitting, standing, chair design and exercise. Springfield, Illinois: Charles Thomas, 1988.
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Makoto, Igarashi, i Black Franklin O. 1937-, red. Vestibular and visual control on posture and locomotor equilibrium. Basel ; New York: Karger, 1985.
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Macdonald, Robert. The use of the voice: Sensory appreciation, posture, vocal functioning and Shakespearean text performance. London: Macdonald Media, 1997.
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Bovre, Susan. Balance training: A program for improving balance in older adults. Tucson, Ariz: Desert Southwest Fitness, Inc. Center for Continuing Education, 2001.
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Dynamic alignment through imagery. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics, 1996.
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Postural assessment. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2012.
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Body and mature behavior: A study of anxiety, sex, gravitation, and learning. Berkeley, Calif: Frog, Ltd., 2005.
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Franklin, Eric N. Dynamic alignment through imagery. Wyd. 2. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2012.
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Cyna, Allan M., i Marion I. Andrew. "Structures". W Handbook of Communication in Anaesthesia & Critical Care. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199577286.003.0008.
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Anaesthetic culture tends to view patients as physiological specimens to which pharmacological and technical procedures are applied and utilized to optimize various measurable parameters. However, this aspect is only one small part of a patient’s anaesthetic care. The medical model to which many anaesthetists still cling is very much a paternalistic one. Although terms such as ‘patient autonomy’ and ‘choice’ are frequently used, achieving these laudable aims in clinical practice remains elusive. Promoting patient autonomy and fostering a therapeutic relationship are areas of practice that have traditionally not been of direct concern to anaesthetists. The communication skills required to achieve this are centred on listening to what patients are really saying, and accepting the patients’ alternative, but sometimes radically different, view of the world. In addition, anaesthetists can use their understanding of this alternative view to communicate in a way that is likely to engender cooperation and trust. Language affects our patients, our colleagues and our own perceptions. This has profound implications in the practice of anaesthesia. Dissecting the anatomy of communication begins with a message between two or more people. This message can take many forms—for example, as a request for assistance or information, a command, advice, clarification, addressing a concern or the provision of reassurance. The message, superficially, is contained only in words. However, the meaning of the communication carried in the message is invariably far more complex. Spoken words are inevitably accompanied by pitch, volume and intonation, a facial expression and body posture. For example, take the six words ‘He anaesthetized that patient last Tuesday’. Box 2.1 shows six different meanings of this sentence. Each one is dependent on just one change in emphasis on how the words are said. The example demonstrates that with just one small change of emphasis in one word the entire meaning of the phrase can change. One can begin to imagine how many hundreds of pieces of information—probably thousands—are being passed on implicitly during any particular interpersonal interaction or communication. It is, of course, impossible to dissect every last nuance, but we can begin to understand some aspects of language and non-verbal cues in a way that will facilitate the accuracy of our communications.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Posture – Physiological aspects"
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Milani, Massimo, Luca Montorsi, Luca Fontanili, Salvatore Rossini i Roberto Citarella. "Integration Protocol of Different Measurement Methods for the Analysis of the Physiological and Biomechanical Efficiency of a Professional Athlete". W ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11774.
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Abstract The paper focuses on the methodology for the analysis of the physiological and biomechanical efficiency of a professional athlete for integrating the standard preparation routine. The proposed methodology combines an in-house developed prototype of multiple uniaxial force plates for the measurement of the vertical component of ground reaction forces during movement and an infrared motion capture technique is adopted for measuring accurately the body motion. The procedure is applied on a top level professional volley player and integrates the working routines used for the training over an entire season. The dynamic performance of the athlete is measured in terms of fatigue threshold and the aerobic workload. The proposed methodology demonstrates to be an accurate and reliable instrument for quantifying, for both slow and fast movements, the efficiency with which the athlete reaches the defined training targets and the precision achieved in developing an exercises’ routine. Furthermore, the dynamic response of the athlete is also measured by evaluating the position of the body during the workload as well as the speed of the movements and the corresponding interaction with the ground. This analysis verifies if an asymmetrical loading of the lower limbs and the power exerted during the impulsive contact phase with the ground. The measurements carried out during the analysis provide a map of the athlete performances during an entire season training and the mono- and bi-podalic movements could be associated with the time evolution of the athletic results, such as jumping length and height, speed, precision. Therefore, inefficiencies in the postural and technical aspects during the training can be measured and thus corrected leading to an improvement of the performance and to a reduction of the possibility for injuries onset.