Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Postural system”
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Massion, Jean. "Postural control system". Current Opinion in Neurobiology 4, nr 6 (grudzień 1994): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-4388(94)90137-6.
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Palandri, Sergio. "Postural Analysis: Description of a Dedicated System". Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study 4, nr 3 (21.07.2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2694-0248/056.
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Background Dispite of postural analysis is a fundamental tool for evaluating the neuromusculoskeletal structure of a subject a unique formal analysis process has not yet been determined. The aim of this work is to propose a postural analysis protocol t promote discussion with other practitioners so as to make continuous improvements in the proposed protocol to provide a tool that can serve the needs of specialists even more efficiently. Materials and Methods The proposed system consists of four subsystems: medical history data, photographic references, overall observations, and tests. Results Even though the initial results are encouraging, additional use of the described analysis system is considered essential to improve the technique and the skills of the operator. In this light, specific requests and observations from other professionals are essential, and obtaining these requests and observations is one of the purposes of the present article, as initially declared. Conclusions The proposed postural analysis system represents a good balance of various, often opposing needs, being easily completed and reasonably fast and repeatable, making it possible to compare time series data.
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Palandri, Sergio. "Postural Analysis: Description of a Dedicated System". Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study 4, nr 3 (21.07.2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/056.
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Background Dispite of postural analysis is a fundamental tool for evaluating the neuromusculoskeletal structure of a subject a unique formal analysis process has not yet been determined. The aim of this work is to propose a postural analysis protocol t promote discussion with other practitioners so as to make continuous improvements in the proposed protocol to provide a tool that can serve the needs of specialists even more efficiently. Materials and Methods The proposed system consists of four subsystems: medical history data, photographic references, overall observations, and tests. Results Even though the initial results are encouraging, additional use of the described analysis system is considered essential to improve the technique and the skills of the operator. In this light, specific requests and observations from other professionals are essential, and obtaining these requests and observations is one of the purposes of the present article, as initially declared. Conclusions The proposed postural analysis system represents a good balance of various, often opposing needs, being easily completed and reasonably fast and repeatable, making it possible to compare time series data.
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Kleiner, Ana Francisca Rozin, Diana Xavier De Camargo Schlittler i Mónica Del Rosário Sánchez Arias. "O papel dos sistemas visual, vestibular, somatosensorial e auditivo para o controle postural". Revista Neurociências 19, nr 2 (31.03.2001): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/rnc.2011.v19.8382.
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A manutenção de uma determinada orientação corporal é obtida a partir do complexo relacionamento entre informação sensorial e atividade muscular. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar o papel das informações visuais, somatossensoriais, vestibulares e auditivas para manutenção e controle postural. Método. foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados CAPES e PubMed, nos últimos 24 anos, com as seguintes palavras-chave: postural control, sensory information, vestibular system, visual system, somatosensory system, auditory system e haptic system. Resultados. foram analisadas a influência de cada sistema sensorial, bem como sua integração para a manutenção e controle postural. Conclusão. a literatura apontou que existe uma redundância nas informações fornecidas pelos canais sensoriais. Assim, o sistema nervoso central escolhe a fonte principal para controlar a postura.
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Palandri, Sergio. "Postural Analysis: Description of a Dedicated System - an Upgrade". Archives of Medical Case Reports and Case Study 5, nr 3 (11.04.2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9392/103.
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Background In June 2021 an aericle was published describing a possible ssystem to perform postural analysis. In six months use, the ssystem has more clarely showed its lights and shadows. So the author tought some improvements that are now ready to be applyed. This article will show them in details. Materials and Methods Upgrade interested both aspects close connected to the analysis and both connected to its management in indoor and outdoor location. Results First results obtained are interesting and encourage the use of the upgrades introduced. However a more long period of use is necessary to confirm first resultas. Conclusions Upgrading is a natural step in every life project. And it is made up not only by a single step. So also this system may be further improved with other upgrades in the future that ome from the comparison with other professionals.
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Morais, Camila Soares Izidoro, Shaiane Alves Pires, Micheli Martinello i Claudia Mirian de Godoy Marques. "Fisioterapia associada à terapia assistida por animais em criança com paralisia cerebral: estudo de caso". Fisioterapia Brasil 23, nr 2 (22.04.2022): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/fb.v23i2.4130.
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Introdução: A terapia com cães, assim como outros animais utilizados para fins terapêuticos, torna a fisioterapia mais prazerosa e está associada a benefícios na postura e movimento, esquema corporal, coordenação motora e funcionalidade nas atividades da vida diária. Objetivo: Buscou-se investigar o efeito da Terapia Assistida por Animais (TAA) no equilíbrio, funcionalidade e simetria postural de uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral. Métodos: Uma criança de seis anos em intervenção fisioterapêutica baseada na TAA. Para o nível de motricidade fina e grossa, foi utilizado o Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), para as atividades de vida diária, o Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), e para o equilíbrio postural, a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). O alinhamento postural foi avaliado por fotogrametria e a análise postural foi realizada por meio do software para avaliação postural (SAPO). Resultados: Houve melhora na funcionalidade, equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, alinhamento corporal no plano coronal, identificando alterações na simetria corporal dos segmentos corporais e plano sagital, com deslocamento dos eixos pescoço, tronco e quadril. Conclusão: A intervenção com o cão teve efeitos positivos nas habilidades funcionais de uma criança com paralisia cerebral, sendo a estratégia terapêutica eficaz no equilíbrio, seja na manutenção da postura e/ou movimento, com maior independência funcional e, portanto, menor necessidade de supervisão.
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GOPALAI, ALPHA AGAPE, i S. M. N. AROSHA SENANAYAKE. "ASSISTIVE VIBROTACTILE BIOFEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR POSTURAL CONTROL ON PERTURBED SURFACE". Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, nr 01 (10.01.2013): 1350006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413500061.
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Postural control is an important aspect of human locomotion and stance. When inputs to the Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual senses, degrade or become dysfunctional, the postural control is affected. Biofeedback has been established as a potential intervention method to assist individuals improve postural control, by augmenting or complementing signals to the CNS. This paper presents an approach to help achieve better postural control using vibrotactile biofeedback. Tests to monitor postural control, in eyes open and eyes closed states, on a wobble board were introduced to assess the viability of the designed system in providing accurate real-time biofeedback responses. Postural control was gauged by measuring the angular displacement of perturbations experienced. Perturbations along the anterior and posterior direction are used to determine the level of provided vibrotactile biofeedback. The feedback informs subjects the severity of perturbation and direction of imbalance. Significant improvement (p-value < 0.05) in postural control while on perturbed surface was detected when the designed biofeedback system was used. The wearable system was found to be effective in improving postural control of the subjects and can be expanded for rehabilitation, conditioning, and strengthening applications dealing with human postural control.
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Chander, Harish, Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Christopher M. Hill, Alana J. Turner, Shuchisnigdha Deb, Alireza Shojaei, Christopher Hudson, Adam C. Knight i Daniel W. Carruth. "Virtual-Reality-Induced Visual Perturbations Impact Postural Control System Behavior". Behavioral Sciences 9, nr 11 (12.11.2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9110113.
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Background: Virtual reality (VR) is becoming a widespread tool in rehabilitation, especially for postural stability. However, the impact of using VR in a “moving wall paradigm” (visual perturbation), specifically without and with anticipation of the perturbation, is unknown. Methods: Nineteen healthy subjects performed three trials of static balance testing on a force plate under three different conditions: baseline (no perturbation), unexpected VR perturbation, and expected VR perturbation. The statistical analysis consisted of a 1 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA to test for differences in the center of pressure (COP) displacement, 95% ellipsoid area, and COP sway velocity. Results: The expected perturbation rendered significantly lower (p < 0.05) COP displacements and 95% ellipsoid area compared to the unexpected condition. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) sway velocity was also observed in the expected condition compared to the unexpected condition. Conclusions: Postural stability was lowered during unexpected visual perturbations compared to both during baseline and during expected visual perturbations, suggesting that conflicting visual feedback induced postural instability due to compensatory postural responses. However, during expected visual perturbations, significantly lowered postural sway displacement and area were achieved by increasing the sway velocity, suggesting the occurrence of postural behavior due to anticipatory postural responses. Finally, the study also concluded that VR could be used to induce different postural responses by providing visual perturbations to the postural control system, which can subsequently be used as an effective and low-cost tool for postural stability training and rehabilitation.
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Silva, Ulises A. "Standardized Postural Identification in the Elderly: The Categorized Posture Method". Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, nr 12 (wrzesień 1986): 1149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001203.
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A method developed for categorizing various postures assumed during performance of activities of daily living by older adults is presented. The system is designed so that observers can simply and easily identify a posture and place it into the appropriate category. The method was found to be easily learned with a short training session and highly reliable. Postural categories are identified which are high in frequency, involve gross postural changes during meal preparation sequences and may cause injury to older adults. Suggestions are offered to restructure tasks and environments to reduce the frequencies of these “problem” postures.
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Chung, Min K., Inseok Lee, Dohyung Kee i Sang H. Kim. "A postural workload evaluation system based on a macro-postural classification". Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing 12, nr 3 (2002): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.10017.
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Stamenkovic, Alexander, Paul J. Stapley, Rebecca Robins i Mark A. Hollands. "Do postural constraints affect eye, head, and arm coordination?" Journal of Neurophysiology 120, nr 4 (1.10.2018): 2066–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00200.2018.
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If a whole body reaching task is produced when standing or adopting challenging postures, it is unclear whether changes in attentional demands or the sensorimotor integration necessary for balance control influence the interaction between visuomotor and postural components of the movement. Is gaze control prioritized by the central nervous system (CNS) to produce coordinated eye movements with the head and whole body regardless of movement context? Considering the coupled nature of visuomotor and whole body postural control during action, this study aimed to understand how changing equilibrium constraints (in the form of different postural configurations) influenced the initiation of eye, head, and arm movements. We quantified the eye-head metrics and segmental kinematics as participants executed either isolated gaze shifts or whole body reaching movements to visual targets. In total, four postural configurations were compared: seated, natural stance, with the feet together (narrow stance), or while balancing on a wooden beam. Contrary to our initial predictions, the lack of distinct changes in eye-head metrics; timing of eye, head, and arm movement initiation; and gaze accuracy, in spite of kinematic differences, suggests that the CNS integrates postural constraints into the control necessary to initiate gaze shifts. This may be achieved by adopting a whole body gaze strategy that allows for the successful completion of both gaze and reaching goals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Differences in sequence of movement among the eye, head, and arm have been shown across various paradigms during reaching. Here we show that distinct changes in eye characteristics and movement sequence, coupled with stereotyped profiles of head and gaze movement, are not observed when adopting postures requiring changes to balance constraints. This suggests that a whole body gaze strategy is prioritized by the central nervous system with postural control subservient to gaze stability requirements.
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GHOMASHCHI, HAMED, ALI ESTEKI, ALI MOTIE NASRABADI, JULIEN CLINTON SPROTT i FARID BAHRPEYMA. "DYNAMIC PATTERNS OF POSTURAL FLUCTUATIONS DURING QUIET STANDING: A RECURRENCE QUANTIFICATION APPROACH". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 21, nr 04 (kwiecień 2011): 1163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812741102891x.
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When standing quietly, the human body is continuously moving about an upright posture in an erratic fashion. Conventional posturographic analyses that ignore structure of postural steadiness time series do not fully characterize properties of sway dynamics. Recurrence quantification analysis is a technique that can extract the dynamics of postural fluctuations through several variables. In this study, standing-still-sway dynamics of intact and deteriorated postural control systems were investigated by recurrence quantification of stabilograms. The results indicated that both normal and changed postural fluctuations time series, despite erratic and irregular appearance, contain a hidden structure. Although the two components of postural sway originated from an integrated control system, they exhibit distinct dynamical patterns. More determinism, greater local stability, higher degrees of nonstationarity and more laminar states were observed in fore-aft movements. Our findings reveal that decay of postural control mechanism affects dynamical properties of postural control system (especially along mediolateral direction because of the type of impairment). Determinism, nonstationarity and rigidity of balance program as well as laminar states characteristics were increased due to deterioration of postural control system. These findings imply that these measures not only can be used as the pathologic measures to discriminate between group differences, but also provide new openings to understand the nature of postural sway.
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Paquet, Victor, Laura Punnett i Bryan Buchholz. "A Validity Study of Fixed-Interval Observations for the Assessment of Body Postures during Construction Work". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, nr 12 (październik 1998): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201223.
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Categories of body posture recorded with two observational methods were compared to measurements obtained with an electronic postural assessment system and video analysis during simulated construction tasks. The electronic postural assessment system consisted of electronic inclinometers to measure upper arm posture, knee flexion and trunk flexion, coveralls to house the inclinometer wiring, and an electro-goniometric system to measure trunk lateral bending and torsion. Video analysis included frozen-frame analysis that corresponded to the moment of observation and simulated real-time analysis. Measurements were made on five male participants who performed three of six simulated construction tasks. Overall, agreement among the observational and reference methods was high, although significant differences among the methods were found in the measured frequency of some leg and trunk postures, particularly for knee flexion, trunk lateral bending and trunk torsion. These results suggest that discrete observations can be used to obtain accurate estimates of exposure frequency for arm postures at or above shoulder height, kneeling, climbing and gross categories of trunk flexion.
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Kim, Yong, Youngdoo Son, Wonjoon Kim, Byungki Jin i Myung Yun. "Classification of Children’s Sitting Postures Using Machine Learning Algorithms". Applied Sciences 8, nr 8 (1.08.2018): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081280.
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Sitting on a chair in an awkward posture or sitting for a long period of time is a risk factor for musculoskeletal disorders. A postural habit that has been formed cannot be changed easily. It is important to form a proper postural habit from childhood as the lumbar disease during childhood caused by their improper posture is most likely to recur. Thus, there is a need for a monitoring system that classifies children’s sitting postures. The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for classifying sitting postures for children using machine learning algorithms. The convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm was used in addition to the conventional algorithms: Naïve Bayes classifier (NB), decision tree (DT), neural network (NN), multinomial logistic regression (MLR), and support vector machine (SVM). To collect data for classifying sitting postures, a sensing cushion was developed by mounting a pressure sensor mat (8 × 8) inside children’s chair seat cushion. Ten children participated, and sensor data was collected by taking a static posture for the five prescribed postures. The accuracy of CNN was found to be the highest as compared with those of the other algorithms. It is expected that the comprehensive posture monitoring system would be established through future research on enhancing the classification algorithm and providing an effective feedback system.
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Holbein, Mary Ann, i Mark S. Redfern. "Postural Stability While Holding Loads in Various Postures". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, nr 10 (październik 1993): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701011.
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Stability while handling loads is an important issue in the prevention of injuries. This study investigated the effects of load positioning on recovery from an unexpected balance disturbance while standing upright holding loads. Fifteen subjects were tested while holding a box in one of five postures. An empty box and a 25 lb box were tested. Subjects stood on a posture platform while perturbations of the supporting surface were induced. Postural sway was recorded via center of pressure displacements calculated from three dimensional foot forces. It was found that laden standing with the heavier load resulted in increased sway magnitude and slower sway velocities than unladen standing. The load position also affected stability. Raising the center of gravity of the body-and-load system appears to increase sway. These results require consideration when designing safe material handling tasks, especially if the supporting surface is unstable or if slip potential is present.
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Barbolyas, Boris, Michal Vajsábel, Cyril Belavý, Branislav Hučko i Ladislav Dedík. "Postural Response Signal Characteristics Identified by Method of Developed Statokinesigram". Scientific Proceedings Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 23, nr 1 (1.12.2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stu-2015-0001.
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Abstract Human postural system is taken as complex biological system with specific input and output time characteristics, in this study. Evaluation of measured output characteristics is useful in medical diagnostics or in describing postural system disorders. System theory principle provide suitable basis for postural signals analysis. Participating volunteers were instructed to maintain quiet upright stance posture on firm support surface of stabilometric platform for 60s. Postural system actuation was realized by vibration stimuli applied bilaterally on Achilles tendons for 20s. Postural reaction signal, its time profile and static and dynamic characteristics were evaluated by Method of Developed Statokinesigram Trajectory (MDST).
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Burns, Krista. "35 The Impact of Postural Hyperkyphosis on Postural Stability and Cognition". Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (grudzień 2019): iv9—iv12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.35.
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Abstract Background Postural Hyperkyphosis results from flexor dominant posture habits. Flexor dominance occurs due to dysfunction of the pontomedullary reticular formation (PMRF) of the brainstem and the vestibular system. The role of the PMRF is to inhibit anterior flexion above T6 spinal level, and the vestibular system stimulates upright postural extension and balance. When patients present with flexor dominance they have a Postural Hyperkyphosis postural distortion pattern and abnormal muscle activation patterns. To correct flexor dominance, practitioners should perform brain-based exercises, not just structural exercises. Brain based stimulation of the vestibular system and the brainstem stimulates upright extension of the Posture System and inhibition of anterior flexion to reduce Postural Hyperkyphosis. Postural Hyperkyphosis contributes to multiple health discrepancies. According to Cohen, Vasavada, and Wiest et al. (2016) in the Frontiers of Neuroscience, Postural Hyperkyphosis is associated with a lower state of cognition. According to Kado, Huang, and Nguyen et al. (2007) in the Journals of Gerontology hyperkyphosis is associated with poor balance and injurious falls in the elderly. Brainstem and vestibular activation reduces flexion and improves extension for better postural correction outcomes. Results Brain Based exercises reduce Postural Hyperkyphosis and improve postural stability and cognition of elderly patients. Brain Based exercises are safe for the elderly to perform and can be easily implemented into physical rehabilitation treatment plans for better postural correction results. Conclusion Correcting Postural Hyperkyphosis to improve Postural Stability and cognition requires a Brain Based treatment protocol.
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Kurnikova, A. A., Yu P. Potekhina, A. A. Filatov, E. A. Kalinina i E. S. Pervushkin. "The role of the musculoskeletal system in maintaining postural balance: literature review". Russian Osteopathic Journal, nr 3-4 (11.02.2020): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32885/2220-0975-2019-3-4-135-149.
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The article aims to consider the role of the musculoskeletal system in maintaining the postural balance. It describes two postural strategies (ankle one and hip one). The postural balance is assessed taking into account the «cone of economy». The article considers segmental anatomical and physiological characteristics of the spinal column and joints of the lower extremities participating in maintaining the vertical posture. It also shows the possibilities of non-radiological assessment methods of balance in the diagnosis and correction of postural disorders and diseases of the joints and spine.
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Goodworth, Adam, i Sandra Saavedra. "Postural mechanisms in moderate-to-severe cerebral palsy". Journal of Neurophysiology 125, nr 5 (1.05.2021): 1698–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00549.2020.
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Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor disability in children. People with moderate-to-severe CP are typically nonambulatory and have major impairments in trunk postural control. We present the first systems identification study to investigate postural responses to external stimulus in this population and hypothesize at how the atypical postural control system functions with use of a feedback model. People with moderate-to-severe CP may use a simple control system with significant sensorimotor noise.
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Ko, Kyeong-Ri, Seung-Hoon Chae, Daesung Moon, Chang Ho Seo i Sung Bum Pan. "Four-joint motion data based posture classification for immersive postural correction system". Multimedia Tools and Applications 76, nr 9 (25.02.2016): 11235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3299-0.
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Abreu, Elizângela Márcia de Carvalho, Tatiana Sousa Cunha, Alderico Rodrigues de Paula Júnior i Marco Antonio de Oliveira. "Effect of Global Postural Reeducation on cardiovascular system of healthy subjects". Fisioterapia em Movimento 27, nr 3 (wrzesień 2014): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.027.003.ao09.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) on cardiovascular system by heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Materials and methods Seventeen healthy men (22.47 ± 3.02 years) were submitted to the postures frog on the floor, frog on the air, sitting, standing against the wall and inclined standing, two postures per session. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and HR were recorded. The intervals between heartbeats were collected during the whole session (Polar S810i). The frequency domain was analyzed (Wavelet Transform), the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) were obtained. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey (p < 0.05). Results Increased LF/HF ratio was observed in the frog on the floor (1 ± 0.1 vs. 2 ± 0.3 p < 0.05) and on the air postures (1 ± 0.1 vs. 2 ± 0.2 p < 0.01). There was an increase in SBP in the postures frog on the floor (123 ± 2 vs. 136 ± 4 p < 0.05), frog on the air (122 ± 2 vs. 133 ± 3 p < 0.05), standing against the wall (123 ± 2 vs. 136 ± 4 p < 0.05), inclined standing (124 ± 3 vs. 146 ± 5 p < 0.05). There was increase of DBP in the postures frog on the floor (69 ± 2 vs. 81 ± 2 p < 0.01), frog on the air (72 ± 2 vs. 83 ± 3 p < 0.05), sitting (85 ± 2 vs. 102 ± 3 p < 0.01). There was increase in HR in the postures frog on the air (67 ± 2 vs. 77 ± 3 p < 0.05) and inclined standing (88 ± 3.5 vs. 101 ± 3 p < 0.05). Conclusion The increase in LF/HF ratio and also the BP and HR indicates high sympathetic activity, possibly related to the work isometric developed during GPR method. [P]
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Jančová, Jitka. "Measuring the Balance Control System – Review". Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 51, nr 3 (2008): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.14.
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Past studies of postural control during standing have employed wide range of procedures including the outcome measures use to quantify postural control, the duration of the sample collected, sampling frequency and methods for data processing. Due to these differences there remains little, if any, common grounds for comparisons between studies to establish a concrete understanding of the features and bouns which characterize normal healthy postural control. This article deals with terms such as reliability and repeatability of stabilometric measurements, stabilometric data quantification and analysis. To clear up those terms is suggested, by the author of this paper, very important. The stabilometric measurements remain, nevertheless, different when dealing with aging adults. Though, we notes some alterations of the aging systems, this article is not entirely dedicated to the seniors population. Measurements of COP and technical notes remain the main axis of present paper.
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Jardim, Mayara Ketlin Nascimento, i Tatielle Menolli Longhini. "ANÁLISE POSTURAL E DE POSTO DE TRABALHO DE ATENDENTES DE UM CALL CENTER". Revista Latino-Americana de Inovação e Engenharia de Produção 9, nr 15 (28.06.2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/relainep.v9i15.79952.
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O estudo ergonômico tem ganhado cada vez mais importância entre as organizações, dadas as melhorias físicas, cognitivas e organizacionais desenvolvidas entre os funcionários. Realidade esta comum entre empresas de call center, este estudo objetiva analisar a postura e os postos de trabalho dos seus atendentes. Para isso, foram feitas coletas de dados do livro de registro de funcionários e por observação direta do trabalho executado, bem como dos postos e do ambiente de trabalho. Assim, foram aplicadas, através do software Ergolândia 7.0®, as ferramentas Ovako Working Posture Analysing System (OWAS), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) e Rapid Entire Boby Assessment (REBA) para análise postural. As principais recomendações foram: treinamentos ergonômicos e posturais, realização de pausas durante a jornada, adequações das cadeiras no setor de teleatendimento e equipamentos dos postos de trabalho, adoção de ginástica laboral, implementação de programa de prevenção de doenças do trabalho e melhorias do layout organizacional, oferecendo assim mais segurança e conforto para seus operadores.
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Napoli, Charles Dane, Karen S. Helfer i Richard E. A. van Emmerik. "Postural Complexity during Listening in Young and Middle-Aged Adults". Entropy 24, nr 6 (28.05.2022): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060762.
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Postural behavior has traditionally been studied using linear assessments of stability (e.g., center of pressure ellipse area). While these assessments may provide valuable information, they neglect the nonlinear nature of the postural system and often lead to the conflation of variability with pathology. Moreover, assessing postural behavior in isolation or under otherwise unrealistic conditions may obscure the natural dynamics of the postural system. Alternatively, assessing postural complexity during ecologically valid tasks (e.g., conversing with others) may provide unique insight into the natural dynamics of the postural system across a wide array of temporal scales. Here, we assess postural complexity using Multiscale Sample Entropy in young and middle-aged adults during a listening task of varying degrees of difficulty. It was found that middle-aged adults exhibited greater postural complexity than did young adults, and that this age-related difference in postural complexity increased as a function of task difficulty. These results are inconsistent with the notion that aging is universally associated with a loss of complexity, and instead support the notion that age-related differences in complexity are task dependent.
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Charles, Corinne, Corinne Cian, Vincent Nougier, Xavier A. Bigard, Agnès Job i Christian Raphel. "Over-stimulation of the vestibular system and body balance". Journal of Vestibular Research 12, nr 2-3 (27.06.2003): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2003-122-308.
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether an over-stimulation of the vestibular system, induced by thousands of time saccadic head stimulations, affects the vestibular sensitivity, and consequently if such a phenomenon could contribute to the deterioration of postural stability observed after a long distance running exercise. Eighteen athletic subjects performed a 20.5 km over ground race with an average speed of 15 km.h − 1 , corresponding roughly to 7,500 strides shocks with associated saccadic accelerations transmitted to the head. A preliminary validation of the exercise protocol was realized to confirm the effect of the sustained exercise on body balance by recording standard postural parameters. A visually perceived eye level (VPEL) task was used to indirectly assess otolithic sensitivity motionless or undergoing low centrifugation conditions, before and after exercise. Results obtained from body balance analysis confirmed a decreased postural stability illustrated by increased postural oscillations after the 20.5 km run. Under low centrifugation conditions, results showed a lowering of the VPEL with the increase of the gravito-inertial acceleration in accordance with the literature. However, no significant change in the VPEL after a sustained running exercise was observed. In conclusion, the vestibular sensitivity at the otolithic level does not seem to be altered by an intensive running exercise and then failed to play a key role in the post-exercise deterioration of postural stability.
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Manor, Brad, Madalena D. Costa, Kun Hu, Elizabeth Newton, Olga Starobinets, Hyun Gu Kang, C. K. Peng, Vera Novak i Lewis A. Lipsitz. "Physiological complexity and system adaptability: evidence from postural control dynamics of older adults". Journal of Applied Physiology 109, nr 6 (grudzień 2010): 1786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00390.2010.
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The degree of multiscale complexity in human behavioral regulation, such as that required for postural control, appears to decrease with advanced aging or disease. To help delineate causes and functional consequences of complexity loss, we examined the effects of visual and somatosensory impairment on the complexity of postural sway during quiet standing and its relationship to postural adaptation to cognitive dual tasking. Participants of the MOBILIZE Boston Study were classified into mutually exclusive groups: controls [intact vision and foot somatosensation, n = 299, 76 ± 5 (SD) yr old], visual impairment only (<20/40 vision, n = 81, 77 ± 4 yr old), somatosensory impairment only (inability to perceive 5.07 monofilament on plantar halluxes, n = 48, 80 ± 5 yr old), and combined impairments ( n = 25, 80 ± 4 yr old). Postural sway (i.e., center-of-pressure) dynamics were assessed during quiet standing and cognitive dual tasking, and a complexity index was quantified using multiscale entropy analysis. Postural sway speed and area, which did not correlate with complexity, were also computed. During quiet standing, the complexity index (mean ± SD) was highest in controls (9.5 ± 1.2) and successively lower in the visual (9.1 ± 1.1), somatosensory (8.6 ± 1.6), and combined (7.8 ± 1.3) impairment groups ( P = 0.001). Dual tasking resulted in increased sway speed and area but reduced complexity ( P < 0.01). Lower complexity during quiet standing correlated with greater absolute ( R = −0.34, P = 0.002) and percent ( R = −0.45, P < 0.001) increases in postural sway speed from quiet standing to dual-tasking conditions. Sensory impairments contributed to decreased postural sway complexity, which reflected reduced adaptive capacity of the postural control system. Relatively low baseline complexity may, therefore, indicate control systems that are more vulnerable to cognitive and other stressors.
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Liang, Jing Nong, i David A. Brown. "Impaired foot-force direction regulation during postural loaded locomotion in individuals poststroke". Journal of Neurophysiology 110, nr 2 (15.07.2013): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00005.2013.
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Following stroke, hemiparesis results in impaired motor control. Specifically, inappropriate direction of foot-forces during locomotion has been reported. In our previous study ( Liang and Brown 2011 ) that examined poststroke foot-force direction during a seated, supported locomotor task, we observed that foot-force control capabilities were preserved poststroke. In this current study, we sought to better understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction of locomotor and postural control as an interactive mechanism that might interfere, poststroke, with appropriate foot-force generation. We designed an experiment in which participants performed biomechanically controlled locomotor tasks, under posturally challenged pedaling conditions while they generated mechanical output that was comparable to pedaling conditions without postural challenge, thus allowing us to monitor the strategies that the nervous system adopts when postural conditions were manipulated. We hypothesized that, with postural influence, individuals poststroke would generate inappropriate shear forces accompanied by inappropriate changes to muscle activity patterns when performing a mechanically controlled locomotor task, and would be exaggerated with increased postural loading. Sixteen individuals with chronic poststroke hemiparesis and 14 age-similar nonimpaired controls pedaled on a cycle ergometer under 1) seated supported and 2) nonseated postural loaded pedaling conditions, generating matched pedal force outputs of two effort levels. When we compared postural influence with seated pedaling, we observed increased magnitudes of forward-directed shear forces in the paretic legs associated with increased magnitude of leg extensor muscle activity, but not in controls. These findings provide evidence to support a model that describes independent controllers for posture and locomotion, but that the interaction between the two controllers is impaired poststroke.
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Permoda-Białozorczyk, Anna, Marzena Olszewska-Karaban, Andrzej Permoda, Jolanta Zajt, Marek Wiecheć i Arkadiusz Żurawski. "Evaluation of the Functional Status of the Posture Control System in Children with Detected Disorders in Body Posture". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 21 (5.11.2022): 14529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114529.
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Screening tests for body posture defects and abnormalities conducted over the past several decades have revealed a significant and constantly increasing problem of health risks in children. A sedentary lifestyle, which is considered to be the primary cause, can result in proprioceptive disorders leading to postural instability. The aim of the study was to find the correlation between the level of proprioceptive control and the number of postural disorders. The study involved a representative group of 1090 children aged 8–10 years, from randomly selected primary schools. Subjects who scored from 1 to 5 points in a prior postural screening test were qualified for the examination of the postural control system. The examination of the postural control system was carried out using an electronic station enabling assessment of postural stability and proprioception. A single leg stance test showed that the number of postural disorders does not significantly impact proprioceptive control. Proprioceptive control was found to significantly increase with the age of the children, and girls presented significantly better proprioceptive control in relation to the boys in each age group.
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Pozmogova, N. "Postural Postures’ Influence on Autonomous Modulations of Vegetative Nervous System of the Elderly". Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 2, nr 5 (10.10.2017): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs02.05.127.
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Lee, Ju-Young, i Jeong-Yoon Choi. "Anatomic and Physiologic Properties and Clinical Manifestations ofVestibulo-Autonomic Reflexes". Journal of the Korean Neurological Association 40, nr 4 (1.11.2022): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17340/jkna.2022.4.1.
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The vestibular nervous system senses linear and angular acceleration upon the head during postural change and generates vestibular nerve activity changes. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary physiologic processes throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems. The vestibular and autonomic systems interplay throughout several brain regions to maintain homeostasis during the postural changes, called vestibulo-autonomic reflex. In this review, we first contemplated the anatomic and physiologic properties of vestibulo-autonomic reflex, focusing on the relationship between vestibular and cardiovascular systems and between the vestibular and respiratory systems and the role of the brainstem and cerebellum on the vestibulo-autonomic reflex. Then, we summarized the autonomic dysfunction reported in patients with various vestibular disorders, such as acute unilateral vestibulopathy, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere’s disease, and persistent perceptual postural dizziness. Finally, we described the mechanism of autonomic manifestation in vestibular disorders in detail using the recently proposed mechanism of vestibular syncope integrating the vestibular system, brainstem and cerebellum, and autonomic system functions.
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Kozlovskaya, I. B. "GRAVITY AND THE TONIC POSTURAL MOTOR SYSTEM". Aerospace and Environmental Medicine 51, nr 3 (2017): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2017-51-3-5-21.
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Barra, Julien, Laurent Auclair, Agnès Charvillat, Manuel Vidal i Dominic Pérennou. "Postural control system influences intrinsic alerting state." Neuropsychology 29, nr 2 (marzec 2015): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000174.
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Kozlovskaya, I. B. "Gravity and the Tonic Postural Motor System". Human Physiology 44, nr 7 (grudzień 2018): 725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s036211971807006x.
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Tobey, S. W., C. B. Wooley i T. J. Armstrong. "Postural analysis system for the industrial environment". Journal of Biomechanics 19, nr 6 (styczeń 1986): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(86)90091-6.
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Poppinga, Simon, i Thomas Speck. "Bark, the neglected tree postural motor system". New Phytologist 221, nr 1 (29.11.2018): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.15481.
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Palmieri, Riann M., Christopher D. Ingersoll, Marcus B. Stone i B. Andrew Krause. "Center-of-Pressure Parameters Used in the Assessment of Postural Control". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 11, nr 1 (luty 2002): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.11.1.51.
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Objective:To define the numerous center-of-pressure derivatives used in the assessment of postural control and discuss what value each might provide in the assessment of balance.Data Sources:MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus were searched with the termsbalance, postural control, postural sway,andcenter of pressure. The remaining citations were collected from references of similar papers. A total of 67 references were studied.Conclusions:Understanding what is represented by each parameter used to assess postural control is crucial. At the present time the literature has failed to demonstrate how the variables reflect changes made by the postural-control system. Until it can be shown that the center of pressure and its derivatives actually reveal changes in the postural-control system, the value of using these measures to assess deficits in postural control is minimized.
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Bernetti, Andrea, Francesco Agostini, Angelo Cacchio, Valter Santilli, Pierangela Ruiu, Teresa Paolucci, Marco Paoloni i Massimiliano Mangone. "Postural Evaluation in Sports and Sedentary Subjects by Rasterstereographic Back Shape Analysis". Applied Sciences 10, nr 24 (10.12.2020): 8838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248838.
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Posture is defined as the position of the body in space, the aim of which is to maintain balance, both in static and dynamic conditions. Our purpose was to study various postural variables involved in postural adaptations of athletes practicing symmetric and asymmetric sports at professional level. Methods: Patients include sedentary subjects, competitive athletes practicing symmetrical and asymmetrical sports. Postural evaluation of the three different groups was performed using the rasterstereographic-system Formetric-4D. Results: 157 subjects were recruited. From the comparison between subjects playing symmetrical and asymmetrical sports, arises a statistically significant difference on cervical (p = 0.041) and lumbar (p = 0.047) flèche of Stagnara, with higher values for symmetrical athletes’ group. Hemipelvis torsion (p = 0.031) and lumbar flèche (p ≤ 0.001) of Stagnara are higher in symmetrical athletes’ group (sedentary). Hemipelvis torsion, cervical and lumbar flèche resulted to be higher among athletes (sedentary) (p = 0.016, p = 0.003, p = 0.027). Conclusions: In addition to the competitive sports’ medical examination, a screening with rasterstereographic-system Formetric-4D is suggested to all sedentary subjects, without serious skeletal pathologies which want to start athletic activity. Rasterstereographic-system Formetric-4D is also suggested to all athletes practicing sports, with the aim to identify eventual unknown postures, consequent to reiterated repetition of specific movements.
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Maity, Payel, Sujaya De, Amitava Pal, Hiranmoy Mahata, Mousumi Chatterjee i Prakash C. Dhara. "Identification of a suitable working posture for female workers engaged in golden thread work". International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 4, nr 2 (17.03.2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v4i2.14666.
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Background: The golden thread (jori) work is one of the major home based industries providing employment to thousands of artisans spread over several rural areas of the West Bengal. The study is essentially labor intensive and thus workers are prone to suffer from work related health problems. Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and postural stress of the female golden thread workers. Methods: The study was carried on 123 adult female golden thread workers in different districts of West Bengal. The prevalence of MSD, body part discomfort rating (BPD) and postural stress (by OWAS, RULA, REBA method) of the workers were evaluated by standard methods. The EMG of shoulder and back muscle was recorded with the help of the BIOPAC system. Result: The results showed that the prevalence of MSDs, BPD rating and postural stress were comparatively lower in case of sitting on the floor with folded legs than squatting and sitting on the floor with stretched legs. The EMG and RMS values of EMG voltage of shoulder and back muscle were comparatively lower in this posture than that of other two postures. Conclusion: It was therefore, concluded that sitting on the floor with folded legs was less hazardous and it imposed less postural stress in comparison to other sitting postures adopted by the golden thread workers.International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol 4 No 2 (2014) 24 – 33
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Tsai, K. K., C. F. Yen, Y. H. Chu i H. W. Wang. "Using dynamic analysis of Laser-Doppler blood flowmetry to measure nasal mucosa bloody flow in postural changes". Rhinology journal 50, nr 4 (1.12.2012): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino10.134.
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BACKGROUND: The regulation of nasal mucosa blood flow (NMBF) is affected by multiple factors, such as the autonomic nervous system, medications, temperature, humidity, endocrine, even emotional stress and vision. The effects of postural changes on NMBF have been described in numerous studies. However, the results are far from consistent due to different experimental designs. OBJECTIVE: Dynamic analysis of Laser-Doppler blood flowmetry (LDBF) is employed to recognize the effect of postural changes on NMBF. METHODS: NMBF was continuously measured by LDBF in 14 participants with changing postures (sitting and supine). NMBF was measured in Blood Perfusion Unit (BPU), equivalent to the number of red blood cells multiplied by their mean velocity in a measured volume. RESULTS: NMBF increases significantly in a supine posture compared with that in a sitting posture. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that NMBF is significantly influenced after initial postural change, suggesting that changes in posture may be regarded as an important factor regulating NMBF.
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Jain, Andrea. "Branding yoga: The cases of Iyengar Yoga, Siddha Yoga and Anusara Yoga". Approaching Religion 2, nr 2 (5.12.2012): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30664/ar.67499.
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In October 1989, long-time yoga student, John Friend (b. 1959) travelled to India to study with yoga masters. First, he went to Pune for a one-month intensive postural yoga programme at the Ramamani Iyengar Memorial Yoga Institute, founded by a world-famous yoga proponent, B. K. S. Iyengar (b. 1918). Postural yoga(De Michelis 2005, Singleton 2010) refers to modern biomechanical systems of yoga which are based on sequences of asana or postures that are, through pranayama or ‘breathing exercises’, synchronized with the breath. Following Friend’s training in Iyengar Yoga, he travelled to Ganeshpuri, India where he met Chidvilasananda (b. 1954), the current guru of Siddha Yoga, at the Gurudev Siddha Peeth ashram. Siddha Yoga is a modern soteriological yoga system based on ideas and practices primarily derived from tantra. The encounter profoundly transformed Friend, and Chidvilasananda initiated him into Siddha Yoga (Williamson forthcoming).
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Guo, Liangjie, Junhui Kou i Mingyu Wu. "Ability of Wearable Accelerometers-Based Measures to Assess the Stability of Working Postures". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 8 (13.04.2022): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084695.
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With the rapid development and widespread application of wearable inertial sensors in the field of human motion capture, the low-cost and non-invasive accelerometer (ACC) based measures have been widely used for working postural stability assessment. This study systematically investigated the abilities of ACC-based measures to assess the stability of working postures in terms of the ability to detect the effects of work-related factors and the ability to classify stable and unstable working postures. Thirty young males participated in this study and performed twenty-four load-holding tasks (six working postures × two standing surfaces × two holding loads), and forty-three ACC-based measures were derived from the ACC data obtained by using a 17 inertial sensors-based motion capture system. ANOVAs, t-tests and machine learning (ML) methods were adopted to study the factors’ effects detection ability and the postural stability classification ability. The results show that almost all forty-three ACC-based measures could (p < 0.05) detect the main effects of Working Posture and Load Carriage, and their interaction effects. However, most of them failed in (p ≥ 0.05) detecting Standing Surface’s main or interaction effects. Five measures could detect both main and interaction effects of all the three factors, which are recommended for working postural stability assessment. The performance in postural stability classification based on ML was also good, and the feature set exerted a greater influence on the classification accuracy than sensor configuration (i.e., sensor placement locations). The results show that the pelvis and lower legs are recommended locations overall, in which the pelvis is the first choice. The findings of this study have proved that wearable ACC-based measures could assess the stability of working postures, including the work-related factors’ effects detection ability and stable-unstable working postures classification ability. However, researchers should pay more attention to the measure selection, sensors placement, feature selection and extraction in practical applications.
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Abdel Ghafar, Mohamed A., Osama R. Abdelraouf, Abdelgalil A. Abdelgalil, Mohamed K. Seyam, Rafik E. Radwan i Amira E. El-Bagalaty. "Quantitative Assessment of Sensory Integration and Balance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Cross-Sectional Study". Children 9, nr 3 (3.03.2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030353.
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Postural stability is dependent on the interpretation of external inputs acquired by sensory information processes, such as visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive systems, in order to accomplish neuromuscular control, balance maintenance, and appropriate motor response. A defect in any of these systems, or in the integration of information given by these systems, might threaten their capacity to maintain balance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory integration and balance using the Biodex balance system (BBS) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the static posture. Seventy-four children from both sexes, 38 with ASD matched with 36 typically developed (TD) children as a control group, were included in the study. Using the Biodex balance system, the postural sway was evaluated through the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (m-CTSIB) during quiet standing. In this test, four different situations were considered from standing position: eyes open/firm surface, eyes closed/firm surface, eyes open/foam surface, and eyes closed/foam surface. ASD children showed a significant increase in postural sway under all tested conditions when compared to the TD children group, especially for the conditions in which visual and somatosensory inputs were disrupted (p-value < 0.05). These results provide evidence that postural stability decreased in ASD children. Under static postural challenges, the current study’s findings imply that children diagnosed with ASD have postural control deficiencies, especially for the conditions in which visual and somatosensory input was disrupted. Further research must be conducted to find the best balance training program for ASD cases using the Biodex balance system and considering its impact on motor skills.
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Conforti, Ilaria, Ilaria Mileti, Zaccaria Del Prete i Eduardo Palermo. "Measuring Biomechanical Risk in Lifting Load Tasks Through Wearable System and Machine-Learning Approach". Sensors 20, nr 6 (11.03.2020): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061557.
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Ergonomics evaluation through measurements of biomechanical parameters in real time has a great potential in reducing non-fatal occupational injuries, such as work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Assuming a correct posture guarantees the avoidance of high stress on the back and on the lower extremities, while an incorrect posture increases spinal stress. Here, we propose a solution for the recognition of postural patterns through wearable sensors and machine-learning algorithms fed with kinematic data. Twenty-six healthy subjects equipped with eight wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs) performed manual material handling tasks, such as lifting and releasing small loads, with two postural patterns: correctly and incorrectly. Measurements of kinematic parameters, such as the range of motion of lower limb and lumbosacral joints, along with the displacement of the trunk with respect to the pelvis, were estimated from IMU measurements through a biomechanical model. Statistical differences were found for all kinematic parameters between the correct and the incorrect postures (p < 0.01). Moreover, with the weight increase of load in the lifting task, changes in hip and trunk kinematics were observed (p < 0.01). To automatically identify the two postures, a supervised machine-learning algorithm, a support vector machine, was trained, and an accuracy of 99.4% (specificity of 100%) was reached by using the measurements of all kinematic parameters as features. Meanwhile, an accuracy of 76.9% (specificity of 76.9%) was reached by using the measurements of kinematic parameters related to the trunk body segment.
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Ashtiani, Mohammed N., Mahmood-reza Azghani i Mohamad Parnianpour. "Initial balance in human standing postures: Roles of the joint mechanisms". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, nr 12 (20.11.2018): 1255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918811858.
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The static initial postures of standing before applying perturbations may affect the maintenance of postural balance. The goal of this article was to find the stable set of postures and then determine the roles of joint mechanisms. The set of posture was defined in a biomechanical model based on three joint angles of the lower limbs. Optimized inverse dynamics method was used to solve for muscle forces in a precise model of the human musculoskeletal system posed in 4096 static sets of posture using AnyBody software. Results showed that the overall body muscular activity in standing is reduced by knee flexion. Moderate knee angles between 20° and 60° provided safer postures against possible perturbations because of higher collaboration levels of the joint mechanisms. About 36% of the overall postural infeasibilities were attributed to the inability of the ankle muscles to more sustain the exerted loads. Although the roles of the joint mechanisms were closely dependent on the postures, there was no direct relation between the joint kinematics and activation levels of their supporting muscles. Lower extremity muscle groups collaborate to maintain the balance in a considerable number of static postures.
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Kudrevatykh, Anastasiya V., i Irina V. Miliukhina. "Diagnostic capabilities of posturological methods in extrapyramidal disorders". Medical academic journal 20, nr 1 (22.06.2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/maj26249.
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The posture is the position of the body in space, the ultimate goal of which is to maintain balance in static and dynamic conditions. The balance of the body is due to a complex system of regulation. The field of knowledge that studies balance maintenance processes is posturology. For over 20 years, stabilometry as a method of diagnosing postural balance has been widely used in clinical practice. This method has found its application in patients with pathologies of central and peripheral nervous systems. In this review we present modern concepts of postural balance formation and mechanisms of postural balance maintenance, as well as diagnostic capabilities of stabilometry in patients with diseases of extrapyramidal system.
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Kee, Dohyung. "Systematic Comparison of OWAS, RULA, and REBA Based on a Literature Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 1 (5.01.2022): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010595.
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This study aimed to systematically compare three representative observational methods for assessing musculoskeletal loadings and their association with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The comparison was based on a literature review without time limitations and was conducted on various factors related to observational methods. The comparisons showed that although it has a significant limitation of comprising only two classifications for the leg postures, (1) the RULA is the most frequently used method among the three techniques; (2) many studies adopted the RULA even in evaluation of unstable lower limb postures; (3) the RULA assessed postural loads as higher risk levels in most studies reviewed in this research; (4) the intra- and inter-reliabilities for the RULA were not low; and (5) the risk levels assessed by the RULA were more significantly associated with postural load criteria such as discomfort, MHTs and % capable at the trunk, and MSDs.
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Torres-Oviedo, Gelsy, Jane M. Macpherson i Lena H. Ting. "Muscle Synergy Organization Is Robust Across a Variety of Postural Perturbations". Journal of Neurophysiology 96, nr 3 (wrzesień 2006): 1530–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00810.2005.
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We recently showed that four muscle synergies can reproduce multiple muscle activation patterns in cats during postural responses to support surface translations. We now test the robustness of functional muscle synergies, which specify muscle groupings and the active force vectors produced during postural responses under several biomechanically distinct conditions. We aimed to determine whether such synergies represent a generalized control strategy for postural control or if they are merely specific to each postural task. Postural responses to multidirectional translations at different fore-hind paw distances and to multidirectional rotations at the preferred stance distance were analyzed. Five synergies were required to adequately reconstruct responses to translation at the preferred stance distance—four were similar to our previous analysis of translation, whereas the fifth accounted for the newly added background activity during quiet stance. These five control synergies could account for >80% total variability or r2 > 0.6 of the electromyographic and force tuning curves for all other experimental conditions. Forces were successfully reconstructed but only when they were referenced to a coordinate system that rotated with the limb axis as stance distance changed. Finally, most of the functional muscle synergies were similar across all of the six cats in terms of muscle synergy number, synergy activation patterns, and synergy force vectors. The robustness of synergy organization across perturbation types, postures, and animals suggests that muscle synergies controlling task-variables are a general construct used by the CNS for balance control.
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Sahinoğlu, Dilek, Gürsoy Coskun i Nilgün Bek. "Effects of different seating equipment on postural control and upper extremity function in children with cerebral palsy". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 41, nr 1 (9.07.2016): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364616637490.
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Background:Adaptive seating supports for cerebral palsy are recommended to develop and maintain optimum posture, and functional use of upper extremities.Objectives:To compare the effectiveness of different seating adaptations regarding postural alignment and related functions and to investigate the effects of these seating adaptations on different motor levels.Study design:Prospective study.Methods:A total of 20 children with spastic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System 3–5) were included. Postural control and function (Seated Postural Control Measure, Sitting Assessment Scale) were measured in three different systems: standard chair, adjustable seating system and custom-made orthosis.Results:In results of all participants ungrouped, there was a significant difference in most parameters of both measurement tools in favor of custom-made orthosis and adjustable seating system when compared to standard chair ( p < 0.0017). There was a difference among interventions in most of the Seated Postural Control Measure results in Level 4 when subjects were grouped according to Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. A difference was observed between standard chair and adjustable seating system in foot control, arm control, and total Sitting Assessment Scale scores; and between standard chair and custom-made orthosis in trunk control, arm control, and total Sitting Assessment Scale score in Level 4. There was no difference in adjustable seating system and custom-made orthosis in Sitting Assessment Scale in this group of children ( p < 0.017).Conclusion:Although custom-made orthosis fabrication is time consuming, it is still recommended since it is custom made, easy to use, and low-cost. On the other hand, the adjustable seating system can be modified according to a patient’s height and weight.Clinical relevanceIt was found that Gross Motor Function Classification System Level 4 children benefitted most from the seating support systems. It was presented that standard chair is sufficient in providing postural alignment. Both custom-made orthosis and adjustable seating system have pros and cons and the best solution for each will be dependent on a number of factors.
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Carvalho, Cinara Da Cunha Siqueira, Cecília De Fátima Souza, Ilda De Fátima Ferreira Tinôco, Maria de Fátima Araújo Vieira i Luciano José Minette. "ANÁLISE POSTURAL E BIOMECÂNICA DE TRABALHADORES EM ABATEDOURO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE". REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 19, nr 6 (23.12.2011): 524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v19i6.217.
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A criação e o consumo de frangos têm aumentado muito nas últimas décadas, isso é devido ao crescimento da população dos grandes centros urbanos. Paralelo a este desenvolvimento, começou-se a prestar atenção na forma como as atividades são realizadas, e como as máquinas, equipamentos e o ambiente na indústria de frangos de corte influenciam na ocorrência de lesões corporais. Baseado nos riscos que as atividades realizadas no abatedouro oferecem objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a análise postural e biomecânica dos trabalhadores atuantes em um abatedouro de frangos de corte. As posturas e a biomecânica dos trabalhadores foram analisadas a partir de registros fotográficos do indivíduo em situação de trabalho real. A análise postural foi interpretada a partir do uso do método OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System) e para a avaliação biomecânica utilizou-se programa computacional de modelo biomecânico bidimensional de predição de posturas e força (Michigan). De posse dos dados coletados observou-se que as posturas adotadas para realizar o descarregamento das caixas de frangos do caminhão, limpeza do setor de escalda e depenagem, assim como o ato de erguer e empurrar as caixas dos vários setores para a área de congelamento, merecem verificação a curto prazo. Com relação à biomecânica, observou-se que o carregamento de caixas com peças de frangos, advindas tanto da sala de corte e setor de desfiados podem lesionar o cotovelo e ombro dos trabalhadores. Assim, pode-se concluir que o peso das cargas e a adoção de posturas incorretas são responsáveis por injúrias que acometem a saúde dos trabalhadores atuantes no abatedouro.
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Deliagina, Tatiana G., Grigori N. Orlovsky, Pavel V. Zelenin i Irina N. Beloozerova. "Neural Bases of Postural Control". Physiology 21, nr 3 (czerwiec 2006): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00001.2006.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The body posture during standing and walking is maintained due to the activity of a closed-loop control system. In the review, we consider different aspects of postural control: its functional organization, the distribution of postural functions in different parts of the central nervous system, and the activity of neuronal networks controlling posture.