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Chrir, Anass. "Dépôt de couches épaisses piézoélectriques par dépôt d’aérosol (ADM) : Maîtrise du procédé, résolution des défis post-recuit, et démonstration d’application en récupération d’énergie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0101.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis explores the fabrication of lead-free piezoelectric thick films using the Aerosol Deposition Method (ADM) for energy harvesting applications. The work initially focused on the deposition of thick BaTiO3 (BT) layers, with a mastering of the deposition parameters. Films over 100 µm thick were successfully deposited onto Kovar® but lacked ferro/piezoelectric properties due to the grain size effect. Heat treatments above 800 °C restored these properties, thanks to annealing-induced grain growth. The addition of Li2CO3 (BT-Li) reduced the annealing temperature required to restore the functional properties to 650°C, while improving them at 800 and 900°C. Nevertheless, Kovar® substrates showed oxidation after annealing for all temperature and atmosphere conditions. Hence, stainless steel (SUS) substrates were used successfully for BT andBT-Li films, leading to improvements after annealing. Above 900°C, lithium insertion into the BT lattice hardened the ferroelectric behavior, and reduced the piezoelectric response. NBT-6BT films were also deposited onto SUS sheets, showing promising properties after annealing. An innovative aspect of this thesis was the exploration of the co-deposition of ceramic-polymer composites (CPC), making it possible to obtain films with ferro/piezoelectric properties without annealing. These films were deposited onto Kovar®, polyimide and silicon, paving the way for applications on all types of substrates, including temperature-sensitive ones such as polymers. Finally, energy recovery demonstrators were fabricated with BT, NBT-6BT and CPC layers, all validating energy harvesting potential, including non-annealed CPC demonstrators
Jacques, Nicolas Georges Marcel. "Modélisation et étude du plissement des tôles lors de leur transport en continu dans les usines sidérurgiques". Metz, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004METZ038S.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn processing lines, sheets of metal are in a continuous form, called strip, and are driving by upper and lower rolls in an alternate up and down motion. This work deals with the formation of wrinkles when a strip passes over a roll. Finite element analyses are carried out to modelize wrinkling. Occurrence of wrinkles follows a buckling phenomenon induced by a tensile load, applied in order to avoid strip wandering. Indeed, when the strip is stretched, small compressive stresses appear near the roll and cause the strip buckling. Due to friction, the strip displacement increases significantly stresses induced by the buckling. So, the yield stress may be reached. In some cases, buckles evolve to create a wrinkle by a plastic cumulative mechanism. The influence of friction on the wrinkles formation is investigated. The mechanism of wrinkling is not the same for low and high values of the friction coefficient. Numerical results concerning the influence of the friction coefficient have been validated by an experimental study. Next, simulations are performed to modelize the wrinkling of steel sheets in continuous annealing furnaces. In this case, the effect of plasticity is more important. The influence of the sheet flatness is also taken into account. In addition, an analytical study of the buckling of plates under global tension is proposed
Gang, Niu. "Epitaxie d'oxydes cristallins pour l'intégration de matériaux fonctionnels sur silicium". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586672.
Pełny tekst źródłaRemy, Emeline. "Purification, recuit et désassemblage d'échantillons de nanotubes de carbone : propriétés structurales et caractérisations de surface". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0262/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to their superior chemical and physical properties, Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) and, in particular, Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs) are recognized to have a huge potential in many fields of applications. Nevertheless large scale production of high quality CNT samples is still challenging. The presence of metallic particles and the gathering of CNTs into bundles in as-produced samples constitute strong obstructions for their technological development. In this work, we develop effective chemical treatments to increase the sample purity and reduce the bundle size without damaging the CNT structure. To remove metal-related impurities, we used an alternative purification process which consists in heating the as-produced CNT samples under a chlorine atmosphere. The obtained purified samples were then processed with an intercalation-dispersion-debundling procedure. The dispersed and ramified SWNTs are afterward self-assembled at an air/solvent interface. The obtained assembled SWNTs show an improved adsorption capacity and increased accessible surfaces compared to those of the as-produced SWNTs. The precise characterization of samples by means of complementary techniques after each treatment constitutes an important part of this work. In particular, surface analyses were carried out by adsorption volumetry, which is particularly sensitive to surface modifications related to chemical treatments. By means of the modeling of krypton adsorption measurements, we quantify the debundling state - at a macroscopic scale - of the processed CNT samples
Niu, Gang. "Epitaxy of crystalline oxides for functional materials integration on silicon". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00601689.
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