Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Porosimétrie au Mercure (PAM)”
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Sprawdź 17 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Porosimétrie au Mercure (PAM)”.
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Perlo, Mevellec Sabrina. "Etude numérique par l'approche hybride des groupes de pieux". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENPC0011.
Pełny tekst źródłaLi, Zhong-Sen. "Etudes des propriétés hydromécaniques des sols argileux non saturés proches de la saturation". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0023/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis present an experimental study of an unsaturated clayey soil close to saturation, whose degree of saturation is generally above 70%.After characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of the material, several experimental methods were used to study the behaviour and some pathologies of the compacted soil, such as rutting and quilting.A systematic study of the behaviour of the compacted soil on drying-wetting paths starting from different initial states was carried out, completed by suction measurements using filter-paper and psychrometer. Mercury intrusion porosimetry tests gave an insight of the soil microstructure.The thesis also addressed the question of the pore pressure variations of the compacted soil on undrained triaxial path using the axis-translation technique, where some improvements and modifications of the testing device were proposed
Nguyen, Manh Dat. "Modélisation des couplages entre hydratation et dessiccation des matériaux cimentaires à l'issue du décoffrage. Étude de la dégradation des propriétés de transfert". Phd thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00575355.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerlot, Céline. "INFLUENCE DE LA DÉCALCIFICATION DE MATERIAUX CIMENTAIRES SUR LES PROPRIÉTÉS DE TRANSFERT : APPLICATION AU STOCKAGE PROFOND DE DÉCHETS RADIOACTIFS". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274268.
Pełny tekst źródłaIl convient de s'assurer de la pérennité de cette structure pendant une durée au moins égale à celle de la vie des déchets (jusqu'à 100 000 ans). Sa durabilité a été éprouvée par l'évolution des propriétés de transfert en fonction de la décalcification de matériaux cimentaires, altération traduisant le vieillissement de l'ouvrage.
Deux modes de dégradation ont ainsi été appliqués tenant compte des différentes interactions physico-chimiques induites par la formation hôte.
Le premier, de type statique, a consisté en une décalcification accélérée par le nitrate d'ammonium. Il simule l'altération de la barrière ouvragée par les eaux souterraines. La cinétique de la dégradation a été estimée par le suivi du calcium lixivié et l'avancée du front de dissolution de l'hydroxyde de calcium.
Pour évaluer l'impact de la décalcification, les échantillons ont été caractérisés à l'état sain puis dégradé, en termes de microstructure (porosité, distribution porosimétrique) et de propriétés de transfert (diffusivité, perméabilité au gaz et à l'eau).
L'influence de la nature du liant (CEM I et CEM V/A) et des granulats (calcaires et siliceux) a été observée en répétant les essais sur différentes formulations de mortiers.
A cette occasion, une importante réflexion sur la métrologie de cet essai a été menée.
Le deuxième mode de dégradation, dynamique, a été réalisé par un perméamètre environnemental. Il recrée les sollicitations subies par l'ouvrage lors de sa phase de resaturation post-fermeture (pression hydraulique imposée par la couche géologique et exothermicité des déchets).
Cet appareillage, basé sur le principe d'une cellule triaxiale, a permis de fixer un gradient de pression entre 2 et 10 MPa et une température de 20 à 80°C. La variation de la perméabilité à l'eau en fonction de ces deux paramètres expérimentaux, découplés et couplés, a été mesurée et reliée aux modifications microstructurales des échantillons.
Mots clés : décalcification, CEM I, CEM V/A, diffusivité, perméabilité au gaz, perméabilité à l'eau, porosimétrie mercure, dégradation par nitrate d'ammonium, perméamètre environnemental, gradient de pression, température, stockage nucléaire souterrain.
Ding, Yanzheng. "Une analyse d’images pour l'identification microstructurale en 3D d’un kaolin saturé sous chargement mécanique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0051.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstractMicrostructure investigation is essential for a better understanding of the mechanical behaviour and volumetric deformation mechanisms of remolded and saturated clays. The goal of this thesis is to identify in 3D the local mechanisms which can be activated at the microstructural level in relation to the mechanical loading of clayey meida. The mechanical behaviour of Kaolin k13 is firstly studied at on two loading paths - oedometric and isotropic. Then, an observation protocol was established for the acquisition of three-dimensional images using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Focused Ion Beam (FIB). The reconstruction of the images obtained by FIB-SEM allows us to study the 3D geometry of a sub-volume of the sample. The second part consists of developing a quantitative analysis approach in 3D to identify the microstructure properties on different loading paths. The pore morphology is studied using parameters such as flatness, elongation, and sphericity. The orientation of the pores and particles was first identified on 2D images representing cross-sections in the sample and extended to 3D throughout the entire volume for both loading paths. The results obtained in this thesis highlight the contribution of 3D images for a better understanding of the microstructure of saturated remolded clays
Alarcon-Ruiz, Lucia. "Analyse de l'évolution des propriétés microstructurales des bétons lors d'une élévation de la température". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENPC0022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of the thesis is a contribution to the study of the phenomena brought into concrete with an increase of temperature and particularly the evolution in the microstructure. The first part presents a Thermo-Hydro-Chemical model describing the principal evolutions of the concrete behaviour under thermal loadings. The second part gives the definition retained for the characteristic dimension of the pore. A differential equation relating to the function giving new characteristic dimension of a pore heated according to initial characteristic dimension is presented. The experimental study calls upon various techniques characterising the porosity and the distribution of characteristic dimension. The results obtained by mercury porosimetry, by integrating the differential equation, make possible to check the assumption of uniform erosion of the pores for a field of access radius and a given field of temperature
Perlot, Céline. "Influence de la décalcification de matériaux cimentaires sur les propriétés de transfert : application au stockage profond de déchets radioactifs". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30211.
Pełny tekst źródłaCementitious materials have been selected to compose engineering barrier system (EBS) of the french radioactive waste deep repository, because of concrete physico-chemical properties: the hydrates of the cementitious matrix and the pH of the pore solution contribute to radionuclides retention; furthermore the compactness of these materials limits elements transport. The confinement capacity of the system has to be assessed while a period at least equivalent to waste activity (up to 100. 000 years). His durability was sustained by the evolution of transfer properties in accordance with cementitious materials decalcification, alteration that expresses structure long-term behavior. Then, two degradation modes were carried out, taking into account the different physical and chemical interactions imposed by the host formation. The first mode, a static one, was an accelerated decalcification using nitrate ammonium solution. It replicates EBS alteration dues to underground water. Degradation kinetic was estimated by the amount of calcium leached and the measurement of the calcium hydroxide dissolution front. To evaluate the decalcification impact, samples were characterized before and after degradation in term of microstructure (porosity, pores size distribution) and of transfer properties (diffusivity, gas and water permeability). The influence of cement nature (ordinary Portland cement, blended cement) and aggregates type (lime or siliceous) was observed: experiments were repeated on different mortars mixes. On this occasion, an essential reflection on this test metrology was led. The second mode, a dynamical degradation, was performed with an environmental permeameter. It recreates the EBS solicitations ensured during the resaturation period, distinguished by the hydraulic pressure imposed by the geologic layer and the waste exothermicity. This apparatus, based on triaxial cell functioning, allows to applied on samples pressure drop between 2 and 10 MPa and temperature from 20 to 80°C. Water permeability evolution relating to experimental parameters, uncoupled or coupled, was relied to mortars microstructural modifications
Gasc-Barbier, Muriel. "Étude des mécanismes de déformation de roches argileuses profondes : apport de la microstructure et des analyses pétrophysiques". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066151.
Pełny tekst źródłaMackaya, Térence. "Etude numérique et expérimentale d’écoulements de fluides à seuil en milieux poreux : contribution au développement d’une méthode innovante de porosimétrie". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0054.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to characterize porous samples, mercury injection porosmetry (MIP) is still one of the mostly used technique, but also probably one of the mostly critized due to the toxicity of this fluid. Among possible alternatives to MIP, yield stress fluids porosimetry (YSM) has the advantages to be non-toxic and cheap. Starting from flow-rate/pressure gradient Q(∇P) experimental data, the inversion process in YSM allows to determine a pore-size distribution (PSD) of the studied porous sample which, up to this day, was always idealized as a bundle of parallel capillaries with circular cross-sections. Moreover, during all the previous works on YSM, for simplicity reasons, the slip of the fluid against the pore walls was neglected. In this work, this phenomenon very caracteristic of the flow of complex fluids is taken into account in the inversion process through a mechanism involving a slipping layer.In addition, during this work, the influence of the non-circularity of the pores cross-sections on the PSDs obtained by YSM has been investigated. New YSM experimental data acquired on both samples of sintered silicate and Bentheimer sandstones have been processed by incorporating these features of slip and non-circular pore cross sections. The results show that these features strongly influence the obtained PSDs, and therefore open new doors for the future of YSM
Wei, Xin. "Etude micro-macro de la fissuration des argiles soumis à la dessiccation". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this research is to analyze the appearance and propagation of cracks related to desiccation and to provide a better understanding of the relation between the macroscopic and microscopic behavior of five clays, a kaolinite, a montmorillonite and three mixtures of kaolinite and montmorillonite. At the macroscopic scale, the method is based on (1) measurements of water content, void ratio and degree of saturation versus suction during drying, which allows to specify the relationship between shrinkage and desaturation and highlights the characteristic phases of behavior; (2) measurements of water contents and global deformations in free desiccation tests in order to study their homogeneity; (3) the determination of the local deformations and displacements during drying using the softwares VIC-2D and VIC-3D; (4) a classical study of the parameters of cracks; (5) traction tests in order to identify the tensile properties of the clays involved in the formation of cracks. At the microscopic scale, the study is based on a thorough microstructure analysis using in particular scanning electron microscope, coupled to an adapted method for the identification of preferential orientations of particles. This microscopic study is complemented by mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis, a method which allows to quantify the poral space and to characterize the local void ratio. In addition to the research on clay soils, the effects of decompression and suction on the formation of cracks in a clay rock were analyzed too. The relationship between macroscopic changes and the changes in the microstructure and porosity was investigated. During free desiccation tests, two-dimensional strains and displacements maps are obtained with Vic-2D. The zones of the sample where cracks appear are identified as well as the evolution of strains and displacements before the appearance of cracks. At the end of desiccation, the cracks form a kind of network. Bifurcation of cracks can be observed in some cases. Two modes of cracks are detected during the tests: traction mode and tearing mode. When a crack is caused by traction, the propagation direction follows the direction perpendicular to maximum extension. If there are shear strains in the vicinity of the crack, then its direction changes. In the early time of desiccation, the displacements and strains on the boundaries are larger than those in the other parts of the model. In the vicinity of cracks, displacements and strains are relatively larger than those in the other parts. In most parts of the model, the principal strains are mainly longitudinal and transversal. For a given material, tensile strength increases when water content decreases. Plotting the results versus the liquidity index allows highlighting the effect of mineralogy on tensile strength. At the same liquidity index, the maximum tensile stress decreases when the montmorillonite content increases. The effect of suction on tensile strength seems qualitatively similar to what is observed in the case of unconfined compression strength with tensile strength being a linear function of the logarithm of suction. Analysis with SEM of four slurries submitted to several suctions highlights the global isotropy of the microfabric, with a random orientation of the particles, while a finer analysis reveals that the fabric may present locally some anisotropy
Thiery, Mickaël. "Modélisation de la carbonatation atmosphérique des matériaux cimentaires : prise en compte des effets cinétiques et des modifications microstructurales et hydriques". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001517.
Pełny tekst źródłaJacquet, Claudine. "Caractérisation géométrique et propriétés de transport de milieux poreux consolidés". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844830.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoulin, Pierre. "Expérimentation et modélisation du transfert d'hydrogène à travers des argiles de centre de stockage de déchets radioactifs". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0086.
Pełny tekst źródłaGases will be generated by corrosion of high radioactive waste containers in deep geological repositories. A gas phase will be generated. Gas pressure will build up and penetrated the geological formation. If gases do not penetrate the geological barrier efficiently, the pressure build up may create a risk of fracturation and of creation of preferential pathways for radionuclide migration. The present work focuses on Callovo-Oxfordian argillites characterisation. An experiment, designed to measure very low permeabilities, was used with hydrogen/helium and analysed using the Dusty Gas Model. Argillites close to saturation have an accessible porosity to gas transfer that is lower than 0,1% to 1% of the porosity. Analysis of the Knudsen effect suggests that this accessible network should be made of 50 nm to 200 nm diameter pores. The permeabilities values were integrated to an ANDRA operating model. The model showed that the maximum pressure expected near the repository would be 83 bar
Boulin, Pierre. "Expérimentation et Modélisation du Transfert d'hydrogène à travers des argiles de centre de stockage de déchets radioactifs". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331826.
Pełny tekst źródłaFu, Xiaojian. "Coupure Hydraulique et Potentiel de Production en Gaz de Réservoirs de Grès « Tight » : Etude Expérimentale". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0021/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSo-called tight gas reservoirs are constituted of low permeability sandstones, which petro-physical properties may interfere with proper gas recovery. They have a low absolute permeability (below 0.1 mD under ambient conditions), a porosity lower than 10%, and a strong sensitivity to in situ stresses as compared to conventional reservoirs. Moreover, an important transition zone is observed in situ, where partial water saturation is present, and which may extend over several hundred meters over the free water table. In such zone, where water saturation is on the order of 40-50%, neither gas nor water seems sufficiently mobile for industrial extraction: this is the permeability jail. Our aim is to assess their actual petro-physical properties, namely porosity, gas permeability under varying hydrostatic stress and water saturation level, in relation with sandstone microstructure. Accessible water porosity measured is between 2 to 12%. The intrinsic permeability to gas did not appeared related to the porosity of samples. A high sensitivity of gas permeability to confinement was observed. Two families of samples were identified. The more permeable samples (permeability between 100-1000 μD), are relatively insensitive to confinement and their relative permeability decrease for water saturation higher than 50%. Less permeable samples appear much more sensitive to mechanical loading and saturation.Methods classically used in oil and gas industry based on the interpretation of mercury intrusion porosimetry tests have also been used to evaluate relative permeability and compared with experimental measurements
Zhao, Dan. "Study on the creep behavior of clay under complex triaxial loading in relation to the microstructure". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0372/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this research is to analyze the creep behavior of a typical clay along triaxial tests, moreover, to analyze the microstructural mechanisms of creep. Analysis on the macroscopic results ascertained that both dilatancy and contractancy phenomena could occur during creep. The magnitude of the dilatancy/contractancy during creep was guided by the test conditions: stress level and the over consolidation ratio, which specifically governed the direction of the volumetric strain variations. The results of SEM indicated that the microstructural evolution of the clay after the mechanical loading depend on the stress history. Afterwards, the structural evolution in creep phase depends on the structural pattern developed in monotonic loading
Hoang, Ngoc Lan. "Etudes des propriétés hydromécaniques d’un sable limoneux : de la saturation partielle à la saturation complète". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis concerns the experimental characterization of a silty sand from the Livet - Gavet dam (38) as part of the ANR TerreDurable project, for following objectives: 1- Through laboratory tests, characterize the hydro-mechanical behaviour of a fine silty sand (Type A1 in the GTR classification) according to its saturation state. In this study, particular emphasis is placed on the characterization of this behaviour in the near-saturated domain. 2- Interpret the water behaviour of material on the drainage - imbibition cycles, in relation to the analysis of its microstructure. 3- From a general point of view, provide a comprehensive database and analysis allowing the development and calibration of models of near-saturated fine soil's behaviour, in particular, by considering complex hydro-mechanical loading paths. For all tests in this study, the material is considered in two states: either in the state of paste (normally consolidated material) prepared at water content close to the limit of liquidity, or in compacted state (over consolidated material) at different compaction energies and different initial water contents