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Caron Malenfant, Éric, Patrice Dion, André Lebel i Dominic Grenier. "Immigration et structure par âge de la population du Canada : quelles relations ?" Articles 40, nr 2 (30.07.2012): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011541ar.
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Prenant le relais des études qui se sont intéressées au lien entre immigration et vieillissement démographique, cet article vise à isoler, au sein des données canadiennes existantes, les divers aspects de la mécanique démographique qui sous-tendent cette relation : structure par âge de la population immigrante à l’arrivée, vieillissement des immigrants au Canada, fait qu’ils donnent naissance à des enfants au Canada, différences entre immigrants et non-immigrants à l’égard de la fécondité, de la mortalité et de l’émigration. À cette fin, les auteurs ont développé des scénarios de projection qu’ils ont intégrés au modèle de projection par microsimulation Demosim, puis ont analysé au moyen de ceux-ci des indicateurs projetés de la structure par âge de la population, et ce, pour la période de 2006 à 2106. Exploitant la richesse du contenu de ce modèle et son potentiel analytique, ils montrent que les spécificités démographiques des populations immigrantes du Canada affectent bel et bien la structure par âge de la population dans son ensemble, mais par le biais d’effets, les uns vieillissants et les autres rajeunissants, qui se compensent en grande partie.
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Agossou, Dominique. "Effet de l’immigration internationale sur le vieillissement de la population des régions métropolitaines et non métropolitaines du Canada". Articles 31, nr 2 (15.04.2003): 275–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000668ar.
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Résumé La tendance au vieillissement des populations canadienne et québécoise est renforcée par la baisse du taux de fécondité. Dans ce contexte, un moyen évident de ralentir le vieillissement est d’augmenter le taux de fécondité ou de recourir à l’immigration internationale. L’objet de cet article est d’analyser le phénomène de vieillissement dans les régions métropolitaines de recensement (RMR) et les régions non métropolitaines (RNM) eu égard à la concentration de la population immigrante dans les grandes régions du Québec et du Canada. À court et à long termes, tant dans les régions métropolitaines que dans les régions non métropolitaines, l’impact de l’immigration internationale sur le vieillissement de la population est très faible étant donné que la vaste majorité des immigrants arrivent au pays en âge d’activité. L’immigration internationale limite le degré de dépendance des personnes inactives aussi bien dans les régions métropolitaines que dans les régions non métropolitaines, mais rajeunit très faiblement la population concernée. L’effet de l’immigration sur la dépendance et le vieillissement est nettement plus important dans les régions métropolitaines grandes et moyennes que dans les régions non métropolitaines.
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Arsenault, Stéphanie, i Anaïs Nadeau-Cossette. "Facteurs influençant la constitution de liens entre compatriotes immigrants issus de pays ayant connu de violents conflits internes". Service social 59, nr 2 (31.10.2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019106ar.
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Cet article présente un état des lieux des facteurs influençant la formation de liens entre compatriotes immigrants et réfugiés issus de pays en conflits internes. Nous y évoquons les allégeances politiques et idéologiques, les identités claniques, ethniques ou religieuses, le fait même de se trouver en exil, l’existence de préjugés ou de stéréotypes à l’endroit des immigrants, la taille et la concentration territoriale de la population immigrante concernée ainsi que d’autres facteurs d’ordre personnel comme l’âge des immigrants, leur niveau de scolarité, leur origine urbaine ou rurale, leur situation économique et leur classe sociale ainsi que leur statut migratoire. L’influence de plusieurs de ces facteurs interreliés est généralement en cause et la majorité de ceux-ci ont une influence potentiellement multidirectionnelle. Nous avons cependant constaté des résultats de nature contradictoire, ce qui suggère la nécessité de poursuivre et de raffiner l’étude de ces phénomènes.
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Kanouté, Fasal. "Profils d’acculturation d’élèves issus de l’immigration récente à Montréal". Articles 28, nr 1 (30.10.2003): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007154ar.
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Résumé Cet article traite de la construction identitaire en contexte d’immigration. Il présente, grâce à un questionnaire sur l’acculturation spécialement adapté à une population d’élèves du primaire (10 à 13 ans), les profils d’acculturation, pour les élèves d’origine immigrante, et les profils « acculturateurs », pour les élèves assimilés au groupe majoritaire : intégration, individualisme, assimilation, marginalisation, séparation, exclusion. Les possibilités de profils des deux catégories d’élèves sont similaires. Cependant, une analyse comparative indique, chez les élèves d’origine immigrante, des attitudes qui relèvent de stratégies identitaires visant à concilier leur double socialisation. L’impact de la recherche sur la gestion en classe de l’hétérogénéité ethnoculturelle est aussi abordé.
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Agrela Romero, Belén. "Politiques d’action sociale auprès de la population immigrante étrangère en Espagne : approximations du schéma d’intervention à partir du travail social". Nouvelles pratiques sociales 14, nr 1 (20.07.2004): 183–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008344ar.
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Résumé Cet article est une version révisée et mise à jour de la publication de B. Agrela Romero et M. Villanueva (1999) « Politiques sociales d’intervention auprès de la population immigrante étrangère : une approximation à partir du travail social », Cuadernos Andaluces de Bienestar Social (Cahiers andalous du bien-être social), n° 4.
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Atiso, Kodjo, Jenna Kammer i Denice Adkins. "The information needs of the Ghanaian immigrant". Information and Learning Science 119, nr 5/6 (14.05.2018): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-02-2018-0013.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the information needs of Ghanaian immigrants who have settled in Maryland in the USA. Design/methodology/approach Using an ethnographic approach, immigrants from Ghana shared their information needs, challenges and sources they rely upon for information. In total, 50 Ghanaian immigrants participated in this study. Findings Findings indicate that like many immigrant populations, Ghanaians who have immigrated to the USA primarily rely on personal networks, mediated through social media, as their primary sources of information. Despite the availability of immigration resources in the library, Ghanaian immigrants may not view it as a useful resource. Social implications While this study examines a single immigrant population, its social implications are important to libraries who aim to serve immigrant populations in their community. Originality/value This study provides new information about African immigrant population, a population whose information needs have rarely been covered in the literature.
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Arsenault, Maude, Bob White i Jessica Dubé. "Quelles sont les stratégies mobilisées par les organismes pour le mandat de l’immigration dans les régions hors des grands centres ?" Alterstice 11, nr 1 (31.08.2022): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1091891ar.
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L’énoncé politique de régionalisation de l’immigration, Une richesse à partager – Orientations pour une répartition régionale plus équilibrée de l’immigration, adoptée en 1992, donne la responsabilité de l’intégration des immigrants aux organismes communautaires locaux. Ceux-ci voient leur charge augmenter d’année en année, tout en devant constamment tenter d’arrimer leurs services au modèle de gestion coûts/bénéfices imposé par l’État néolibéral. Dans un discours sociétal dichotomique au sujet de l’immigration, où plusieurs acteurs voient cette dernière comme une ressource alors que d’autres mettent de l’avant les enjeux sociaux de l’immigration, comment les organismes communautaires répondent-ils à leurs mandants? Une ethnographie de ces organismes nous permet de constater qu’il existe trois grandes stratégies mobilisées par les organismes pour réaliser leur mandat auprès de la population immigrante dans ces territoires : croissance, employabilité et stratégie intégrée. Ces stratégies nous permettent d’apprécier l’organisation du travail en fonction de divers éléments présents dans l’environnement interne et externe de l’organisme.
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Fourot, Aude-Claire. "Redessiner les espaces francophones au présent : la prise en compte de l’immigration dans la recherche sur les francophonies minoritaires au Canada1". Articles 35, nr 1 (24.03.2016): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035791ar.
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Le déclin du nombre des Canadiens ayant le français comme première langue officielle parlée a conduit l’État et les communautés francophones en milieu minoritaire à penser l’immigration comme une source de « vitalité ». Des plans spécifiques d’attraction et de rétention des immigrants francophones ont alors été mis en place depuis le début des années 2000, faisant qu’aujourd’hui une proportion plus importante de la population francophone installée à l’extérieur du Québec est immigrante et elle est à l’origine de nouveaux espaces francophones, plurilingues et multiculturels. Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse critique de la prise en compte et des représentations de l’immigration dans la recherche sur les minorités francophones et ses liens avec les débats relatifs à l’identité canadienne. Nous analysons ensuite le renouveau des recherches compte tenu de l’intérêt récent mais soutenu pour l’immigration francophone. Nous en soulignons les principaux thèmes tout en mettant l’accent sur la spécificité « partenariale » du mode de production, comme certaines de ses limites.
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Weiser, M., N. Werbeloff, T. Vishna, R. Yoffe, G. Lubin, M. Shmushkevitch i M. Davidson. "Elaboration on immigration and risk for schizophrenia". Psychological Medicine 38, nr 8 (8.11.2007): 1113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170700205x.
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BackgroundBeing a small and culturally different minority, or having a different appearance, has been invoked to account for the increased prevalence of psychotic disorders among immigrants. The majority of the Jewish Israeli population are first- or second-generation immigrants from Europe, North Africa or Asia, and during the late 1980s and 1990s, 885 000 persons immigrated to Israel from the former Soviet Union and 43 000 immigrated from Ethiopia. These Ethiopian immigrants came from a very different culture compared to the rest of the population, and have a distinct appearance. To further understand the association between immigration and schizophrenia, we compared risk for later schizophrenia between adolescents who immigrated from Ethiopia with risk among the other immigrant groups, and with native-born Israelis.MethodOf 661 792 adolescents consecutively screened by the Israeli Draft Board, 557 154 were native-born Israelis and 104 638 were immigrants. Hospitalization for schizophrenia was ascertained using a National Psychiatric Hospitalization Case Registry. All analyses controlled for socio-economic status (SES).ResultsRisk for schizophrenia was increased among both first- [hazard ratio (HR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–2.22] and second-generation immigrants [HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01–1.95 (one immigrant parent) and HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.11–2.0 (two immigrant parents)]. When risk for schizophrenia was calculated for each immigrant group separately, immigrants from Ethiopia were at highest risk of later schizophrenia (HR 2.95, 95% CI 1.88–4.65).ConclusionThis comparison between diverse groups of immigrants supports the notion that immigrants who differ in culture and appearance from the host population are at increased risk for schizophrenia.
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Franco, Yujin, i Eun Young Choi. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMIGRANT STATUS AND UNDIAGNOSED DEMENTIA". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S116—S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.429.
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Abstract In the U.S., the immigrant population is rising, and immigrants are more likely to develop dementia than the U.S.-born population. However, little is known about the rate of undiagnosed dementia among immigrants. This study investigates the relationship between immigrant status and undiagnosed dementia, using 2011 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Data from 7,347 older adults aged 65 years and older (6,531 U.S.-born and 816 immigrants) were included in the analysis. Study participants were divided based on whether they had or had not been diagnosed with dementia, respectively. The results of binary logistic regression showed that being an immigrant was associated with two times higher odds (odds ratio [OR]: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.38-2.92) of undiagnosed dementia compared to US-born participants. Among immigrants, undiagnosed participants had significantly lower levels of depression (t(166)=-2.60, p=.01). Moreover, although marginally significant, the latter were younger (t(166)=-1.90, p=.06) and immigrated at an older age (t(159)=1.87, p=.06) than the diagnosed group. Thus, it is important to tailor dementia education and interventions to the immigrant population, as this may contribute to reducing health disparities in dementia outcomes within the older population.
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Ruther, Matt, Rebbeca Tesfai i Janice Madden. "Foreign-born population concentration and neighbourhood growth and development within US metropolitan areas". Urban Studies 55, nr 4 (18.10.2016): 826–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016672804.
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Immigrant populations are a major driver of growth in many US metropolitan areas, and considerable research has focused on the effects of immigrant populations on neighbourhood outcomes. However, much of this research is based on data from 1990 or earlier, prior to substantial growth in the diversity of the immigrant population and to changes in immigrants’ US settlement patterns. This research uses tract-level data from the 2000 Decennial Census and the 2009–2013 American Community Survey to explore the relationship between an existing immigrant population and future changes in neighbourhood characteristics within the 100 largest US metropolitan areas. Spatial regression models are used to identify the neighbourhood features that predict future proportional growth in a neighbourhood’s foreign-born population. In addition, the associations between a neighbourhood’s initial foreign-born concentration and future neighbourhood relative income and population growth are investigated. Consistent with previous work, our results indicate that foreign-born populations of all races tend to move towards existing immigrant population clusters. All of the immigrant minority racial groups are also attracted to neighbourhoods with existing same-race US-born populations. Overall proportional population growth is positively associated with the initial presence of the white and Asian immigrant population; black and Hispanic immigrant concentrations are associated with proportional population loss. While immigrants do not contribute to neighbourhood relative income growth, a greater presence of immigrants – relative to their US-born co-racial group – is associated with lower rates of neighbourhood relative income decline.
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Dryburgh, Heather. "Social Structures and the Occupational Composition of Skilled Worker Immigrants to Canada". Canadian Studies in Population 32, nr 1 (31.12.2005): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6kk6d.
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The individual decision to immigrate is made in the context of larger social structures that influence the composition of the economic immigrant population over time. Over the last 20 years, economic immigrants to Canada have faced changing selection policies, cycles of economic recession and growth, increased demand for information technology skills, women’s increased labour force participation and an aging labour force. Using data from Statistics Canada’s Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB), this paper examines the flow of economic immigrants to Canada by their occupational composition from 1980 to 2000. Relative to Canadians, when all immigrants from this period are grouped together, their economic integration is slow and does not reach parity with Canadians before 16 years. Among skilled worker immigrants, whereas the earlier cohorts did well but did not improve much over time, later cohorts started off in a relatively worse position, but early indications show a fairly steep slope to better relative average earnings. These differences support the need to examine immigrant integration by both the class of immigrant and the context at the time of immigration.
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García, Angela S., i Leah Schmalzbauer. "Placing Assimilation Theory: Mexican Immigrants in Urban and Rural America". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 672, nr 1 (23.06.2017): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716217708565.
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Assimilation theory typically conceptualizes native whites in metropolitan areas as the mainstream reference group to which immigrants’ adaptation is compared. Yet the majority of the U.S. population will soon be made up of ethnoracial minorities. The rise of new immigrant destinations has contributed to this demographic change in rural areas, in addition to already-diverse cities. In this article, we argue that assimilation is experienced in reference to the demographic populations within urban and rural destinations as well as the physical geography of these places. We analyze and compare the experiences of rural Mexicans who immigrated to urban Southern California and rural Montana, demonstrating the ways in which documentation status in the United States and the rurality of immigrants’ communities of origin in Mexico shape assimilation in these two destinations.
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Gérin-Lajoie, Diane, i Marianne Jacquet. "Regards croisés sur l’inclusion des minorités en contexte scolaire francophone minoritaire au Canada". Section 1 : La dimension linguistique des enjeux interculturels 36, nr 1 (4.06.2008): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018088ar.
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Résumé L’article pose un regard critique sur la façon dont les écoles de langue française de l’Ontario et de la Colombie-Britannique favorisent l’inclusion de la population scolaire immigrante au sein de la salle de classe. Adoptant une perspective critique de la notion de diversité, les auteures s’interrogent sur la manière dont l’école compose avec une population scolaire de plus en plus diversifiée sur les plans racial, culturel et linguistique. En examinant plus particulièrement la situation dans les écoles de langue française situées en milieu francophone minoritaire, les auteures mettent en lumière les difficultés que pose l’implantation en milieu francophone minoritaire de directives et politiques de gestion de la diversité élaborées suivant une perspective de majoritaire. De plus, la prédominance de l’éducation multiculturelle, axée sur la célébration des différences, laisse peu de place à une approche plus critique qui permettrait de questionner le statu quo et d’engager une réflexion sur la manière de concevoir et d’actualiser l’inclusion des minorités. À cet égard, une réflexion de fond s’impose sur la problématique de la diversité en milieu scolaire francophone minoritaire.
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Herda, Daniel. "Ignorance in a Context of Tolerance: Misperceptions about Immigrants in Canada". Migration Letters 17, nr 3 (8.05.2020): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i3.816.
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Misperceptions about immigrants are pervasive and have piqued the interest of social researchers given their links to greater intergroup hostility. However, this phenomenon is rarely considered in Canada, with its reputation as a particularly welcoming context. The current study simultaneously considers two such misperceptions: over-estimation of the immigrant population size and mischaracterizations of the typical immigrant’s legal status. This research examines their extent and correlates, as well as consequences for five anti-immigrant policies. Results indicate that legal status mischaracterizations, though rare, are more consequential than population over-estimates. Overall, misperceptions exist in Canada, but not all are equally consequential.
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Wilson, Chris, Sanjal Shastri i Henry Frear. "Does the Scale or Speed of Immigration Generate Nativism? Evidence from a Comparison of New Zealand Regions". Journal on Migration and Human Security 10, nr 1 (15.12.2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024211057840.
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Nativism, the belief that the rights of those who came first should be prioritized over immigrants, is an increasingly important driver of the rise of far-right populism. It is also leading to hate crimes and even terrorist attacks against immigrants. However, it remains unclear when and why local communities come to oppose immigration. One important set of questions concerns whether nativism is most likely to emerge in societies in which immigrants constitute a higher proportion of the total population or those where there is rapid growth in the immigrant population, even if absolute numbers or their proportion of society remain low. This paper employs multivariate analysis to test these two hypotheses. We use data from a survey of nativist (and populist) sentiment in New Zealand conducted in 2020 along with population data from the national censuses of 2013 and 2018. We compare the results from all New Zealand regions. Our findings strongly support the second hypothesis regarding the importance of the rate of growth in the immigrant population. Those regions that have the highest rate of change in immigrant populations present the highest levels of nativist sentiment, despite their immigrant populations being both small in size and as a proportion of the local population. Conversely, those regions where immigrant numbers are high or they constitute a large proportion of the local population return low levels of nativist sentiment.
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Lukic, Vesna, i Jelena Predojevic-Despic. "The labour market position of immigrants in Serbia: Current status and possibilities for research". Stanovnistvo 58, nr 2 (2020): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv2002077l.
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An unfavourable position in the labour market relative to that of the local population is one of the specific problems that affect the immigrant population. The aim of this paper is to highlight the position of immigrants in the labour market in Serbia. Special emphasis is placed on discussing the possibilities of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) for studying immigration and the position of immigrants within the labour market in countries with pronounced emigration and a low inflow of foreign labour, as is the case in Serbia. The findings are based on the implementation of a qualitative inquiry and additional processed data from the LFS from 2014 to 2018. Given that the majority of people who immigrated to Serbia were from the former Yugoslav republics, the country of birth criterion was used to separate the immigrant population. The research results show that the age-sex structure of working-age immigrants is not specific to economic migrants. Those born abroad do not have a higher unemployment rate than the domestic population, although they are more affected by the problem of long-term unemployment. Based on the analysis of LFS data, a review of contemporary empirical research, and findings obtained from Serbian experts for the purposes of this paper, both the limitations and the confirmed potentials of the LFS for studying the position of immigrants in the Serbian labour market were discussed. More-over, the need for methodological advancement in terms of the coverage of the immigrant population was emphasised.
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Kisely, Stephen. "Migration and mental health in Canada: can government policy help?" International Psychiatry 5, nr 3 (lipiec 2008): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s174936760000206x.
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Canada admits more than 220 000 immigrants every year and this is reflected in the statistic that 18% of the population was born abroad (Beiser, 2005). However, government policy emphasises the admission of healthy immigrants rather than their subsequent health. Immigrants do not show a consistently elevated rate of psychiatric illness, and morbidity is related to an interaction between predisposition and socio-environmental factors, rather than immigrationper se. These factors include forced migration and circumstances after arrival, such as poverty, limited recognition of qualifications, discrimination and isolation from the immigrant's own community. For instance, in Canada more than 30% of immigrant families live below the official poverty line in the first 10 years of settlement (Beiser, 2005).
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Rodriguez-Alvarez, Elena, Nerea Lanborena i Luisa N. Borrell. "Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Spain: A comparison of native and immigrant populations". PLOS ONE 15, nr 11 (30.11.2020): e0242740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242740.
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Cardiovascular disease (CDV) risk factors are highly prevalent among adults with low social class in Spain. However, little is known on how these factors are distributed in the immigrant population, a socio-economic disadvantaged population. Thus, this study aims to examine inequalities in CVD risk factors among immigrant and native populations. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and used log-binomial regression to quantify the association of immigrant status on CVD risk factors among adults aged 25–64 years. The probabilities of having at least three CVD risk factors were higher for immigrants from Eastern Europe (PR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15–1.35) and lower for immigrants from Africa (PR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.69–0.89) when compared with natives. The association of immigrant status and CVD risk factors varies with educational attainment (p-interaction = 0.001). Immigrants from Eastern Europe with low educational attainment have a higher probability of having at least three CVD risk factors compared with their native counterparts. In contrast, immigrants from Africa and Latin America with low educational attainment had a protective effect against having at least three CVD risk relative to natives. Health prevention and promotion strategies to reduce the burden of CVD taking should account for educational attainment given its differential effect among the immigrant population in Spain.
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Bergeron, Gilles. "L’interprétation en milieu judiciaire". Meta 47, nr 2 (30.08.2004): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008011ar.
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Résumé Le droit au service d’un interprète dans le cadre de procédures de cour est consacré dans les Chartes des droits canadienne et québécoise et, par conséquent, constitue donc un élément important de l’administration de la justice au Canada. Les tribunaux ont interprété les dispositions de ces chartes et ont développé des normes d’interprétation auxquelles nous sommes confrontés et dont le respect n’est pas sans poser certains problèmes. Bien sûr, ce droit constitutionnel n’a pas le même impact d’une région à l’autre. La région de Montréal, par exemple, présente un portrait multiethnique particulier puisque environ 90 % de la population immigrante du Québec y résident. Cette diversité culturelle qui caractérise la région vient donc nécessairement teinter les services judiciaires qui y sont offerts. La conjugaison évolutive de ces droits, de ces normes et de ces réalités socioculturelles se présente donc, pour une cour comme celle de Montréal, comme un défi constant à relever dans le cadre d’une saine administration de la justice.
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Hansen, Stine, K. Bruce Newbold i Robert Wilton. "Disability and the Use of Support by Immigrants and Canadian Born Population in Canada". Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 7, nr 3 (26.11.2018): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v7i3.450.
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Immigrants account for a large proportion of Canada’s population. Despite an emphasis on immigrant health issues within the literature, there is surprisingly limited attention given to disability within the immigrant population, although differential prevalence rates between immigrants and the Canadian born population have been noted. The observed differences in prevalence rates by gender and immigrant status raise questions around the use of support services. In this paper, analysis draws on Statistics Canada’s 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS). A mix of descriptive and multivariate techniques are used to explore who provides support, differences in the use of support between immigrants and the Canadian born and need for additional support. The descriptive results suggest that there was a broad parity in terms of the use of support, with immigrants and Canadian born nearly equally likely to use support. Use of support was also greater amongst those with a more severe disability. Multivariate analysis revealed that particular sub-groups of immigrants, and in particular immigrant females, severely disabled immigrants, and some age, income and educational groups were less likely to use support after controlling for other correlates of use. The difficulties confronted by people with disabilities appear to be magnified within the immigrant community, and particularly amongst sub-groups of the immigrant population.
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Varickanickal, Joann, i K. Bruce Newbold. "Extreme heat events and health vulnerabilities among immigrant and newcomer populations". Environmental Health Review 64, nr 2 (czerwiec 2021): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2021-011.
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With higher temperatures linked to increased human morbidity and mortality, the projected increase in the number of extreme heat events (EHEs) due to climate change poses increased risks. Although the old, individuals with pre-existing illnesses, the socially isolated, and individuals with low income or low educational status are more vulnerable to the health effects of EHEs and are targeted in public health messaging, newcomers and immigrants may be less aware of the dangers of EHEs. The impacts of EHEs on the immigrant and newcomer population are not well documented in the Canadian context and the combination of a greater number of heat events and a growing and diverse immigrant population necessitates further exploration. Framed by intersectionality and using Hamilton, Ontario, as a case example, this work explores the barriers that may affect immigrant’s awareness of EHEs.
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Duncan, Brian, i Stephen J. Trejo. "Tracking Intergenerational Progress for Immigrant Groups: The Problem of Ethnic Attrition". American Economic Review 101, nr 3 (1.05.2011): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.3.603.
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In tracking the later-generation descendants of immigrants, measurement biases can arise from “ethnic attrition” (e.g., US-born individuals who do not self-identify as Mexican despite having ancestors who immigrated from Mexico). We present evidence that such ethnic attrition is sizeable and selective for the third-generation populations of key Hispanic and Asian immigrant groups. In addition, our results suggest that ethnic attrition generates biases that vary across national origin groups in direction as well as magnitude, and that correcting for these biases will raise the socioeconomic standing of the US-born descendants of most Hispanic immigrants relative to their Asian counterparts.
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Lukyanets, Artem, i Anna Tyshkevich. "Emigration from Russia to the USA and Canada in the context of the expansion of Russian-speaking communities". Population 26, nr 1 (27.03.2023): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.7.
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The article discusses emigration flows from Russia to the USA and Canada. The host countries owe their existence to immigration due both to the economic and geopolitical situation in the modern world. Since the late 19th century a consistently high emigration flow has been recorded from Russia to these countries. The greatest outflow occurred in the last decade of the 20th century, when with the collapse of the USSR the flow of emigrants from Russia to these countries, and particularly to the USA, sharply increased. The increase in emigration has led to expansion and strengthening of the Russian-speaking community that emigrated from Russia to the United States and Canada. In the USA the largest concentration of the Russian-speaking population is in three agglomerations: New York, Los Angeles and Miami. These three agglomerations account for over 35% of all immigrants from Russia. In Canada, with a much smaller immigration flow than in the United States, the largest share of immigrants from Russia is concentrated in such agglomerations as Toronto and Montreal. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, migration flows to the United States and Canada have decreased from all countries of the world, including Russia. This was the result of both the anti-visa restrictions and the termination by the US Embassy in Russia of issuing non-immigrant visas a first, and subsequently, all other types of visas. If in peak 2014 almost 390 thousand border crossings by citizens of the Russian Federation were recorded, then in 2021 only 77.7 thousand. A similar trend is observed in the emigration flow from Russia to Canada. The main part of the migration flow to the United States consists of Russian citizens who have a residence permit or U.S. citizenship, as well as persons who have received visas at U.S. consular offices in other countries.
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Perl, Jeffrey, Eric McArthur, Vivian S. Tan, Danielle M. Nash, Amit X. Garg, Ziv Harel, Alvin H. Li, Manish M. Sood, Joel G. Ray i Ron Wald. "ESRD among Immigrants to Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 29, nr 7 (2.05.2018): 1948–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2017101055.
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Background The epidemiology of ESRD requiring maintenance dialysis (ESRD-D) in large, diverse immigrant populations is unclear.Methods We estimated ESRD-D prevalence and incidence among immigrants in Ontario, Canada. Adults residing in Ontario in 2014 were categorized as long-term Canadian residents or immigrants according to administrative health and immigration datasets. We determined ESRD-D prevalence among these adults and calculated age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing immigrants to long-term residents. Among those who immigrated to Ontario between 1991 and 2012, age-adjusted ESRD-D incidence was calculated by world region and country of birth, with immigrants from Western nations as the referent group.Results Among 1,902,394 immigrants and 8,860,283 long-term residents, 1700 (0.09%) and 8909 (0.10%), respectively, presented with ESRD-D. Age-adjusted ESRD-D prevalence was higher among immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa (PR, 2.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.84 to 2.57), Latin America and the Caribbean (PR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.90 to 2.34), South Asia (PR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.59), and East Asia and the Pacific (PR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.46). Immigrants from Somalia (PR, 4.18; 95% CI, 3.11 to 5.61), Trinidad and Tobago (PR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.23 to 3.73), Jamaica (PR, 2.88; 95% CI, 2.40 to 3.44), Sudan (PR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.53 to 5.27), and Guyana (PR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.19 to 3.29) had the highest age-adjusted ESRD-D PRs relative to long-term residents. Immigrants from these countries also exhibited higher age-adjusted ESKD-D incidence relative to Western Nations immigrants.Conclusions Among immigrants in Canada, those from sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean have the highest ESRD-D risk. Tailored kidney-protective interventions should be developed for these susceptible populations.
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Jung, Myungjin, Heontae Kim, Seungho Ryu i Minsoo Kang. "Secular Trends in Physical Activity Among Immigrants in the United States, 2009–2018". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 18, nr 6 (1.06.2021): 694–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0812.
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Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate secular trends in domain-specific physical activity in the immigrant population in the US between 2009 and 2018. Method: A secondary data analysis from the 2009–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; a total of 7282 immigrants in the US were included in this analysis. All domain-specific physical activity was assessed by a self-reported questionnaire. Tests for linear trends were performed to examine the trends of each physical activity time using orthogonal polynomial coefficients. Physical activity trends were assessed by the whole group and the various subgroups. Results: Total physical activity showed an upward linear trend in female (Ptrend = .04) and young adult (Ptrend = .009) immigrants. Work-related physical activity showed an upward linear trend in young adult immigrants (Ptrend = .01). Recreational physical activity showed an upward linear trend in young adult (Ptrend = .03) and Mexican American (Ptrend < .001) immigrants and in immigrants living in the US for 15–29 years (Ptrend = .02). In contrast, we observed downward linear trends in transit-related physical activity for immigrants across male (Ptrend = .04), middle-aged adult (Ptrend = .01), and non-Hispanic black groups (Ptrend = .004) and in immigrants living in the US for 15–29 years (Ptrend = .03). Conclusion: There were no significant linear trends in the 4 domains of physical activity in the overall US immigrant population; however, trends in domain-specific physical activity in the US immigrant population differed by gender, age, race/ethnicity, and length of residence. These findings may inform physical activity promotion strategies targeting US immigrant populations with diverse sociocultural backgrounds.
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Frank, Kristyn. "Does occupational status matter? Examining immigrants’ employment in their intended occupations". Canadian Studies in Population 38, nr 1-2 (31.12.2011): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6t03k.
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Research examining the economic integration of immigrants to Canada primarily focuses on earnings differentials between the native-born and foreign-born populations. Although some studies examine occupational matching among immigrants, broad levels of occupational classification are employed. This paper has two objectives: (1) to examine occupational matching for the immigrant population at a precise level of classification and (2) to broaden the focus of immigrant employment research by considering whether characteristics of their intended occupations influence the likelihood of an occupational match. Results indicate that immigrants seeking high-status occupations are significantly less likely to obtain a match than those seeking low-status occupations.
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Saunders, Natasha Ruth, Maria Chiu, Michael Lebenbaum, Simon Chen, Paul Kurdyak, Astrid Guttmann i Simone Vigod. "Suicide and Self-Harm in Recent Immigrants in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, nr 11 (24.06.2019): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743719856851.
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Objective: To estimate the rates of suicide and self-harm among recent immigrants and to determine which immigrant-specific risk factors are associated with these outcomes. Methods: Population-based cohort study using linked health administrative data sets (2003 to 2017) in Ontario, Canada which included adults ≥18 years, living in Ontario ( N = 9,055,079). The main exposure was immigrant status (long-term resident vs. recent immigrant). Immigrant-specific exposures included visa class and country of origin. Outcome measures were death by suicide or emergency department visit for self-harm. Cox proportional hazards estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We included 590,289 recent immigrants and 8,464,790 long-term residents. Suicide rates were lower among immigrants ( n = 130 suicides, 3.3/100,000) than long-term residents ( n = 6,354 suicides, 11.8/100,000) with aHR 0.3, 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.3. Male–female ratios in suicide rates were attenuated in immigrants. Refugees had 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.6; rate 6.1/100,000) and 2.8 (95% CI, 2.5 to 3.2) times the likelihood of suicide and self-harm, respectively, compared with nonrefugee immigrants. Self-harm rate was lower among immigrants ( n = 2,256 events, 4.4/10,000) than long-term residents ( n = 68,039 events, 9.7/10,000 person-years; aHR 0.3; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.3). Unlike long-term residents, where low income was associated with high suicide rates, income was not associated with suicide among immigrants and there was an attenuated income gradient for self-harm. Country of origin-specific analyses showed wide ranges in suicide rates (1.4 to 9.9/100,000) and self-harm (1.8 to 14.9/10,000). Conclusion: Recent immigrants have lower rates of suicide and self-harm and different sociodemographic predictors compared with long-term residents. Analysis of contextual factors including immigrant class, origin, and destination should be considered for all immigrant suicide risk assessment.
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Newbold, Bruce. "Health status and health care of immigrants in Canada: a longitudinal analysis". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 10, nr 2 (1.04.2005): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1355819053559074.
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Objectives: This paper focuses upon health status, need for care, and use of health care from 1994/95 to 2000/01 in the Canadian foreign-born population. Methods: Using Statistics Canada's longitudinal National Population Health Survey, descriptive and survival analyses are used to explore immigrant health status and health care. Results: The health status of immigrants quickly declines after arrival, with a concomitant increase in use of health care services. However, survival analysis of the risk of a change to poor health indicates no difference between immigrants and the native-born. Similarly, there is no difference in the risk of hospital use between the two populations. Conclusions: The health status of recent immigrant arrivals is observed to decline towards that of the native-born population, while health care utilization increases. However, increased use may not be sufficient to offset declines in health, meaning that need for health care within the immigrant population may be unmet.
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Pugh, Stephen R., i Robert H. Tamarin. "A comparison of population characteristics and reproductive success of resident and immigrant meadow voles". Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, nr 10 (1.10.1991): 2638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-371.
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We used a radionuclide technique combined with a minimum-weight criterion to identify resident and immigrant meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, on an open grid in South Natick, Massachusetts. Using the same techniques with populations on two fenced grids, we calculated an error rate of 7.2% in residency assignment. Immigrants were not a random subset of the resident population. Among immigrant voles the sex ratio was significantly male biased, whereas among residents it did not differ from 1:1. Immigrants had genotypic ratios that differed significantly from those of residents at three of five allozyme loci examined electrophoretically. Although immigrant males resided on the grid significantly longer than resident adult males, they did not differ significantly in reproductive success, maximum weight, or distance moved between trapping periods. Immigrants seemed to be as successful as residents during a period of low or declining density.
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Yotebieng, Kelly Ann, Kenneth J. Steinman, Lauren Phelps, Samantha Schoeppner i Deanna Wilkinson. "It takes more than translating a flier: Considerations in serving immigrants as victims of crime in a large Midwestern city". BORDER CROSSING 8, nr 1 (1.06.2018): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v8i1.573.
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Recent public discourse on the possible threats posed by immigrant populations as potential perpetrators of crime seems to ignore the accumulating scholarly literature that shows that immigrants have a documented crime reducing effect on the general population in the United States. Yet, immigrants themselves are placed at heightened risk for a wide variety of victimization experiences. Their needs as victims of crime have rarely been studied. This study aims to partially fill that void by investigating how service providers funded to assist victims of crime work with and attempt to meet the needs of immigrants, including large numbers of refugees, in one large Midwest city. The states Attorney Generals office supported a needs assessment that included a focus on the needs of victims from immigrant (and other) underserved populations. We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with key informants who had varying degrees of expertise serving crime victims from immigrant communities across the state. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, coded and analyzed using a collaborative, team-based approach. Our analysis describes the challenges faced by service providers serving immigrant victims and recommends directions for future research and policy.
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Tardif-Grenier, Kristel, i Isabelle Archambault. "Implication parentale et réussite éducative : différences selon la région de naissance du parent1". Revue des sciences de l’éducation 43, nr 1 (21.11.2017): 209–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1042079ar.
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L’association entre l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire et la réussite éducative de l’élève est bien documentée. La présente étude vise à établir dans quelle mesure l’implication parentale dans le suivi scolaire est associée au rendement et à l’engagement scolaire d’élèves du primaire qui sont issus de l’immigration. Au total, 296 élèves répartis dans cinq écoles montréalaises situées en milieu défavorisé ainsi que leur parent et leur enseignant ont participé à cette étude longitudinale. Étant donné que la population immigrante constitue un groupe hétérogène sur les plans culturel et socioéconomique, nous avons examiné les différences en fonction de la région de naissance du parent, soit le Canada, l’Afrique du Nord et les Antilles. Les résultats quantitatifs issus des analyses de parcours multi-groupes suggèrent que les parents nés dans les Antilles se distinguent des deux autres groupes par le fait que chez ce groupe, les discussions fréquentes avec l’enfant au sujet de l’école et l’encadrement étroit de la période des devoirs sont associés à un rendement scolaire plus faible chez l’enfant.
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Berg-Hansen, Pål, Stine M. Moen, Leiv Sandvik, Hanne F. Harbo, Inger J. Bakken, Camilla Stoltenberg i Elisabeth G. Celius. "Prevalence of multiple sclerosis among immigrants in Norway". Multiple Sclerosis Journal 21, nr 6 (24.10.2014): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458514554055.
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence is unevenly distributed worldwide. Immigration to Norway from countries with a lower MS prevalence is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate MS prevalence in different immigrant populations in Norway and evaluate the effect of migrating from low- to high-risk regions of MS. Method: First- and second-generation immigrants from the largest immigrant populations were identified from the 2012 Norwegian prevalence study. Prevalence of MS in different ethnic groups was compared using the standardized prevalence ratio (SPR). Results: European and North-American immigrants had the highest prevalence of MS, whereas African and Asian immigrants had the lowest. The prevalence of first-generation Iranian immigrants was not significantly different from the total Norwegian population (SPR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.46–1.03). Second-generation immigrants from Pakistan (SPR 1.62, 95% CI: 0.88–2.76) had a strong increase in prevalence compared to the first generation (SPR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.28). Conclusion: MS prevalence among immigrants in Norway in general reflects the uneven distribution worldwide. The sharp increase in prevalence in immigrants seen in one generation suggests strong environmental factors affecting the MS risk in Norway.
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Casillas-Clot, Javier, Pamela Pereyra-Zamora i Andreu Nolasco. "Determinants of Disability in Minority Populations in Spain: A Nationwide Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 7 (29.03.2021): 3537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073537.
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Some population groups could be especially vulnerable to the effects of population ageing. The Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) has been proposed as a measure of disability, but it has not been used in minority groups. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of disability using the GALI and to analyse its determinants in immigrant and Roma populations. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population 2014 were used, including adults aged 50 and above. Prevalence of disability was estimated, and odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression models to assess the association between disability and demographic, socioeconomic, and health variables. The prevalence of disability was estimated at 39.4%, 30.6%, and 58.7% in the native, immigrant, and Roma populations, respectively. Gender was a common determinant for the native and Roma populations. On the other hand, among immigrants, the risk of disability increased over the time residing in Spain. There were significant interactions with age and gender in the native population. Disability has different determinants in the three population groups. Public health measures to protect the Roma population and immigrants’ health should be considered.
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Wiik, Kenneth Aarskaug, i Jennifer A. Holland. "Partner choice and timing of first marriage among the children of immigrants in Norway and Sweden". Acta Sociologica 61, nr 2 (13.07.2017): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699317718611.
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Using population register data from Norway ( n = 209,532) and Sweden ( n = 592,491), this study addressed the relationship between partner choice and the timing of first marriage. We considered all migrant-background individuals born between 1972 and 1989 who were either native-born or who immigrated prior to age 18, relative to 10% random samples of the majority populations. The results demonstrate that marital timing patterns of migrant background individuals who married exogamously (that is, with a majority-background spouse or across their global region of origin) were more similar to the majority populations than among those who married endogamously (that is, with another migrant-background individual originating in the same global region). However, among immigrant-background individuals who endogamously married, there was evidence of a shift toward the Scandinavian pattern of later marriage across generations. Taken together the results provide an important starting point for investigations into the family life-courses and social position of children of immigrants in Europe, an increasingly large population subgroup currently entering family formation ages.
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Predojevic-Despic, Јelena. "Attracting and retaining highly educated individuals: Two examples of immigration policies". Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, nr 167 (2018): 627–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1867627p.
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Ensuring more favourable conditions for immigration and circulation of the most educated structures of the foreign-born population has been rapidly becoming one of the most important goals of immigration policies in the economically developed countries. The availability of human capital is the basic precondition for the continuous economic development of every country. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine two successful examples (USA and Canada) of legal solutions to immigration policies for attracting and retaining professionals and highly educated individuals. Their bases are embedded in public policies relating immigrants of the majority of countries, both traditionally immigrant countries and the ones that have turned into immigrant countries. The USA and Canada are selected because they had relatively simple and quick procedures for granting immigrant visas back in the 1990s, which enabled a significant number of our highly educated citizens to immigrate to these two countries after the breakup of the former Yugoslavia. Immigration to the USA is based on a system of preferences and it relies significantly on the selection of immigrants based on the needs of the labour market. Canada?s example shows how through efficient development and in a relatively short period of time, the immigration system has been perfected by scoring, i.e. assessing the potential of human capital as the basic precondition for selecting potential immigrants. At the same time, the rapid development of the multiculturalism policy has created opportunities for successful long-term integration.
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Saunders, N., A. Macpherson i A. Guttmann. "Predictors of Unintentional Injuries in Paediatric Immigrants in Ontario". Paediatrics & Child Health 21, Supplement_5 (1.06.2016): e78a-e78a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/21.supp5.e78a.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Unintentional injury is a frequent reason for emergency department visits and is the leading cause of death for Canadian children. Injury is associated with a number of socio-demographic variables but it is not known whether being an immigrant changes this risk. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between family immigrant status and unintentional injury; and to test this relationship within immigrants by refugee status. DESIGN/METHODS: Retrospective population-based cross-sectional study of children ages 0 to 14 years residing in Ontario, Canada from 2008 to 2012, using linked health administrative databases and Citizenship and Immigration Canada’s Permanent Resident Database. The main exposure was immigration status (immigrant or child of an immigrant vs. Canadian born). Secondary exposure was refugee status. Main outcome measure was unintentional injury events (emergency department visits, hospitaliza-tions, deaths), annualized. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression models to estimate risk ratios (RR) for unintentional injuries. RESULTS: There were 11 464 317 injuries per year. Non-immigrant children sustained 12051 injuries/100 000 and immigrants had 6837 injuries/100 000, annually. In adjusted models, immigrants had a significantly lower risk of injury compared with non-immigrant children (RR 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57, 0.63). Overall, the most materially deprived neighbourhood quintile was associated with a higher rate of injury (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07, 1.02, quintile 5 vs. 1) whereas within immigrants, material deprivation was associated with a lower rate of injury (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94, 0.98, quintile 5 vs. 1). Other predictors of injury included age (0 to 4 years: RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.81, 0.88; 5 to 9 years: RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.67, 0.73), male sex (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.26, 1.35), and rural residence (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.43, 1.57). Injury rates were lower in immigrants across all types of unintentional injuries. Within immigrants, refugees had a higher risk of injury compared with non-refugees (RR 1.12; 95% CI 1.10, 1.14). This risk was particularly high for motor vehicle accidents (RR = 1.58; 95% CI 1.46, 1.71) and scald burns (RR 1.23; 95% CI 1.11, 1.35). CONCLUSION: Risk of unintentional injury is lower among immigrants compared with Canadian-born children. These findings support a healthy immigrant effect. Socioeconomic status has a different effect on injury risk in immigrant and non-immigrant populations, suggesting alternative causal pathways for injuries in immigrants. Risk of unintentional injury is higher in refugees versus non-refugee immigrants, highlighting a population in need of targeted injury prevention strategies.
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Ndumu, Ana. "Disrupting Digital Divide Narratives: Exploring the U.S. Black Diasporic Immigrant Context". Open Information Science 4, nr 1 (8.05.2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opis-2020-0006.
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AbstractThe purpose of this study is to probe biased library and information science (LIS) presumptions of digital divides among U.S. immigrants. The stance of the foreign-born as “digital immigrants” departs from migration and population research which hold that gaps in immigrant Internet and technology access are rapidly closing, even when accounting for immigrant type. The research is based on analysis of the 2016 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey data. Black immigrant households’ ICT device and Internet access were determined and then compared to those of the general population. Findings suggest that Black immigrant households primarily access the Internet through smartphone and laptop devices along with mobile and at-home hi-speed Internet plans. When compared to the general population, Black immigrant households demonstrate significantly greater smartphone access, and they maintain comparable levels of hi-speed Internet and computer/laptop device access. This study adds to a growing body of research on the narrowing digital divide gap among U.S. immigrants. Immigrants rely on the Internet to transition and integrate into U.S. society.
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Chen, Jun-zhen, Hai-mei Wang i Wenhao Zhu. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Associations between Immigration Status and Stroke Incidence and Mortality". BioMed Research International 2022 (26.08.2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1926744.
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Background and Objectives. Increasing global migration to Western Europe, North America, and other high-income countries makes a study of stroke risk in the immigrant population important. This study is aimed at evaluating the associations between immigration status and stroke risks and determining the risk factors for stroke in immigrant groups. Methods. We thoroughly searched PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases for the literature on stroke risk for immigrants and host populations by January 2022. Fourteen relevant cohort studies from eight countries met the inclusion criteria, and their data were included in this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Results. The results showed that the immigrant groups suffered from a lower incidence rate of stroke compared with the host populations ( HR = 0.81 , 95% CI 0.71–0.91, P = 0.001 ), but there was nonsignificant higher mortality of stroke in immigrants ( HR = 1.07 ; 95% CI 0.84–1.36). However, the pooled adjusted incidence HR reduced to 0.67 (95% CI 0.60–0.75) after adjustment for publication bias. Immigrants had a lower stroke incidence compared to long-term residents, but the association varied with the country of origin, socioeconomic status, residence (urban vs. rural), and comorbid conditions. Discussion. The present systematic review and meta-analysis implicated that stroke risks are different for immigrants and the host populations; therefore, this knowledge may be useful for developing targeted stroke prevention strategies.
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Capps, Randy, James D. Bachmeier i Jennifer Van Hook. "Estimating the Characteristics of Unauthorized Immigrants Using U.S. Census Data: Combined Sample Multiple Imputation". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 677, nr 1 (25.04.2018): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716218767383.
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Contemporary U.S. immigration policy debates would be better informed by more accurate data about how many unauthorized immigrants reside in the country, where they reside, and the conditions in which they live. Researchers use demographic methods to generate aggregated information about the number and demographic composition of the unauthorized immigrant population. But understanding their social and economic characteristics (e.g., educational attainment, occupations) often requires identifying likely unauthorized immigrants at the individual level. We describe a new method that pools data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), which identifies unauthorized immigrants, with data from the American Community Survey (ACS), which does not. This method treats unauthorized status as missing data to be imputed by multiple imputation techniques. Likely unauthorized immigrants in the ACS are identified based on similarities to self-reported unauthorized immigrants in the SIPP. This process allows state and local disaggregation of unauthorized immigrant populations and analysis of subpopulations such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) applicants.
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Etowa, Josephine, Ilene Hyman, Charles Dabone, Ikenna Mbagwu, Bishwajit Ghose, Yujiro Sano, Muna Osman i Hindia Mohamoud. "Strengthening the Collection and Use of Disaggregated Data to Understand and Monitor the Risk and Burden of COVID-19 Among Racialized Populations". Canadian Studies in Population 48, nr 2-3 (wrzesień 2021): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42650-021-00050-2.
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AbstractThere is growing evidence that the risk and burden of COVID-19 infections are not equally distributed across population subgroups and that racialized communities are experiencing disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to the absence of large-scale race-based data, it is impossible to measure the extent to which immigrant and racialized communities are experiencing the pandemic and the impact of measures taken (or not) to mitigate these impacts, especially at a local level. To address this issue, the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership partnered with the Collaborative Critical Research for Equity and Transformation in Health lab at the University of Ottawa and the Canadians of African Descent Health Organization to implement a project to build local organizational capacities to understand, monitor, and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant and racialized populations. This research note describes the working framework used for this project, proposed indicators for measuring the determinants of health among immigrant and racialized populations, and the data gaps we encountered. Recommendations are made to policymakers, and community and health stakeholders at all levels on how to collect and use data to address COVID-19 health inequities, including data collection strategies aimed at community engagement in the collection of disaggregated data, improving methods for collecting and analyzing data on immigrants and racialized groups and policies to enable and enhance data disaggregation.RésuméDes plus en plus d’études montrent que le risque et le fardeau des infections à la COVID-19 ne sont pas également répartis dans la population et que les communautés racialisées connaissent des taux de morbidité et de mortalité disproportionnellement plus élevés. Cependant, en raison de l’absence de données ventilés selon le statut ethnique, il est impossible de mesurer comment les communautés immigrantes et racialisées vivent la pandémie et quel est l’impact des mesures prises (ou non) pour atténuer ces effets, surtout à un niveau local. Pour résoudre ce problème, le Partenariat local pour l’immigration d’Ottawa (PLIO) s’est associé au Laboratoire de recherche critique collaborative pour l’équité et la transformation en santé (CO-CREATH) de l’Université d’Ottawa et l’Organisation de la santé des Canadiens d’ascendance africaine (CADHO) aux fins de mettre en œuvre un projet visant à renforcer les capacités organisationnelles locales pour comprendre, surveiller et atténuer l’impact de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur les populations immigrantes et racialisées. Cette note de recherche décrit le cadre de travail utilisé pour ce projet, les indicateurs proposés pour mesurer les déterminants de la santé chez les populations immigrantes et racialisées, et les lacunes que nous avons identifiés dans les données existants. Des recommandations sont faites aux décideurs politiques et aux acteurs communautaires et de la santé à tous les niveaux sur comment collecter et utiliser les données pour remédier aux inégalités en matière de santé liées à la COVID-19. Ces recommandations font référence aux stratégies de collecte de données visant à impliquer les communautés, à l’amélioration des méthodes de collecte et d’analyse des données sur les immigrants et les groupes racialisés, et aux politiques nécessaires pour permettre et améliorer la désagrégation des données selon le statut ethnique.
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Etowa, Josephine, Ilene Hyman, Charles Dabone, Ikenna Mbagwu, Bishwajit Ghose, Yujiro Sano, Muna Osman i Hindia Mohamoud. "Strengthening the Collection and Use of Disaggregated Data to Understand and Monitor the Risk and Burden of COVID-19 Among Racialized Populations". Canadian Studies in Population 48, nr 2-3 (wrzesień 2021): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42650-021-00050-2.
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AbstractThere is growing evidence that the risk and burden of COVID-19 infections are not equally distributed across population subgroups and that racialized communities are experiencing disproportionately higher morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to the absence of large-scale race-based data, it is impossible to measure the extent to which immigrant and racialized communities are experiencing the pandemic and the impact of measures taken (or not) to mitigate these impacts, especially at a local level. To address this issue, the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership partnered with the Collaborative Critical Research for Equity and Transformation in Health lab at the University of Ottawa and the Canadians of African Descent Health Organization to implement a project to build local organizational capacities to understand, monitor, and mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant and racialized populations. This research note describes the working framework used for this project, proposed indicators for measuring the determinants of health among immigrant and racialized populations, and the data gaps we encountered. Recommendations are made to policymakers, and community and health stakeholders at all levels on how to collect and use data to address COVID-19 health inequities, including data collection strategies aimed at community engagement in the collection of disaggregated data, improving methods for collecting and analyzing data on immigrants and racialized groups and policies to enable and enhance data disaggregation.RésuméDes plus en plus d’études montrent que le risque et le fardeau des infections à la COVID-19 ne sont pas également répartis dans la population et que les communautés racialisées connaissent des taux de morbidité et de mortalité disproportionnellement plus élevés. Cependant, en raison de l’absence de données ventilés selon le statut ethnique, il est impossible de mesurer comment les communautés immigrantes et racialisées vivent la pandémie et quel est l’impact des mesures prises (ou non) pour atténuer ces effets, surtout à un niveau local. Pour résoudre ce problème, le Partenariat local pour l’immigration d’Ottawa (PLIO) s’est associé au Laboratoire de recherche critique collaborative pour l’équité et la transformation en santé (CO-CREATH) de l’Université d’Ottawa et l’Organisation de la santé des Canadiens d’ascendance africaine (CADHO) aux fins de mettre en œuvre un projet visant à renforcer les capacités organisationnelles locales pour comprendre, surveiller et atténuer l’impact de la pandémie de la COVID-19 sur les populations immigrantes et racialisées. Cette note de recherche décrit le cadre de travail utilisé pour ce projet, les indicateurs proposés pour mesurer les déterminants de la santé chez les populations immigrantes et racialisées, et les lacunes que nous avons identifiés dans les données existants. Des recommandations sont faites aux décideurs politiques et aux acteurs communautaires et de la santé à tous les niveaux sur comment collecter et utiliser les données pour remédier aux inégalités en matière de santé liées à la COVID-19. Ces recommandations font référence aux stratégies de collecte de données visant à impliquer les communautés, à l’amélioration des méthodes de collecte et d’analyse des données sur les immigrants et les groupes racialisés, et aux politiques nécessaires pour permettre et améliorer la désagrégation des données selon le statut ethnique.
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Diamanti, Iliana, Elias D. Berdouses, Katerina Kavvadia, Konstantinos N. Arapostathis, Argy Polychronopoulou i Constantine J. Oulis. "Dental Caries Prevalence and Experience (ICDAS II Criteria) of 5-, 12- and 15-Year-Old Children and Adolescents with an Immigrant Background in Greece, Compared with the Host Population: A Cross-Sectional Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 1 (21.12.2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010014.
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Evidence regarding disparities in oral health among native and immigrant child and adolescent populations in Europe is scarce. The present study aimed to determine the caries status of 5-, 12-, and 15-year-olds with an immigrant background in Greece in relation to their sociodemographic characteristics and compare their caries levels with those of their native Greek peers. A sample of 707 immigrants underwent clinical examination for caries (ICDAS II criteria), followed by a calculation of caries prevalence and experience estimates (2013–2014). Multivariable regression models assessed the effect of ethnic background on the caries experience (d3–6mfs/D3–6MFS) of the total (707 immigrants and 3702 Greeks) population, and the association between parental education level and the immigrants’ d3–6mfs/D3–6MFS. Among the 5- and 12-year-olds, those with an immigrant background demonstrated higher caries rates and had unfulfilled treatment needs at higher proportions. Among 15-year-old adolescents, no considerable differences in caries status were observed according to ethnic background (native Greek or immigrant). The strength of the association between immigrant background and caries experience levels attenuated gradually with increasing age (IRR = 1.61, 1.27 and 1.10, and p = 0.001, p = 0.006 and p = 0.331 for 5-, 12- and 15-year-olds, respectively). Among the immigrants, adolescents with less educated mothers exhibited elevated caries levels. Public health strategies should prioritize immigrant children and early adolescents in order to reduce the existing ethnic disparities in oral health.
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Lin, Ching-Hsuan, i Angela R. Wiley. "Enhancing the practice of immigrant child welfare social workers in the United States". International Social Work 62, nr 2 (21.11.2017): 595–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817742697.
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Responding to the needs of growing immigrant populations, many US social service sectors have recruited bilingual and bicultural practitioners, including immigrants. However, little is known about the immigrant social workers. This article explores the practice context of immigrant child welfare social workers in the United States. First, acculturation theory is applied to frame the experiences of US immigrants. Second, we explore professional development of practitioners working with immigrant families. Third, we discuss the intersectionality connecting immigration and social work professionalization. We conclude that the immigration and acculturation experiences of immigrant social workers are unique strengths for working with immigrant populations.
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Campos Matos, Inês, Violeta Alarcão, Elisa Lopes, Carla Oiko i Mário Carreira. "Estudo SAIMI - Saúde e Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde dos Imigrantes do Subcontinente Indiano em Lisboa: Que Recomendações para Cuidados de Saúde Equitativos e Culturalmente Adaptados?" Acta Médica Portuguesa 28, nr 2 (30.04.2015): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.5583.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> The growth of the immigrant population in Portugal has been consistent over the past decades. Nevertheless, information on the health of immigrant populations is scarce. This research uses data collected from the population from the Indian subcontinent living in the district of Lisbon to produce recommendations for the provision of culturally adapted health services.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Cross-sectional study with the immigrant community of the Indian subcontinent (Bangladesh, India and Pakistan) living in Lisbon, selected based on a snowball sampling technique and using privileged access interviewers. The questionnaire focused on health, health care access, lifestyle and attitudes towards death. The data were subject to a descriptive analysis and an<br />age-standardized comparison between the three nationalities was made.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Surveys were administered to 1011 individuals with a participation rate of 97%. Most participants were adult males. Indian immigrants most frequently reported barriers to use of health services and had a higher frequency of chronic diseases. Pakistani immigrants had worse lifestyle indicators.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> The immigrant population from the Indian subcontinent tends to report more language difficulties in health care access when compared with other immigrant populations. Based on recommendations of the World Health Organization, it was possible to adapt this knowledge to produce recommendations adapted to the Portuguese context.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> There are several aspects in the management of health services in Portugal that can be better adapted to the immigrant population from the Indian subcontinent.
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Oliva-Arocas, Adriana, Pamela Pereyra-Zamora, José M. Copete i Andreu Nolasco. "Cancer Mortality Trends in Spain (2000–2016): Differences between Immigrant and Native Populations". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 14 (16.07.2020): 5127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145127.
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Spain’s population has changed thanks to recent immigration. Therefore, a new epidemiological and demographic profile has been generated in the country. This study aims to analyze immigrant and native cancer mortality trends in Spain for the period 2000 to 2016. An ecological study of trends was carried out. Age-standardized rates of cancer mortality (ASR) and annual percentage change (APC) between groups and study sub-periods were calculated. Significant decreases in ASR were observed for cancer in both the native and the immigrant populations, in both men and women. However, in 2014–2016, there was an increase in ASR in the immigrant population compared to 2011–2013, due to the increase in ASR among immigrants from European regions. Differences in ASR by cancer between immigrant and native populations residing in Spain have been identified, both in the rate of decline and magnitude as well as by the birth region of the immigrant population. The increase observed in the cancer mortality trend at the end of the period in some immigrant groups indicates the need to monitor these indicators given the demographic, social, and economic changes.
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Livingston, Gill, i Sati Sembhi. "Mental health of the ageing immigrant population". Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.1.31.
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About 6% of older people in the UK are immigrants. Concentrated in deprived inner-city areas, their numbers are rising rapidly, with the ageing of those arriving after the Second World War. Cultural, language and educational differences cause problems in studying this group's mental health. Idioms of distress may affect presentation, help-seeking behaviour and acceptability of treatment. Ethnic elders may be considered vulnerable to depression because of socio-economic deprivation, immigrant status and old age but studies are contradictory and may use inappropriate screening instruments. Relatively few consider immigrant status and dementia. Uncontrolled hypertension could relate to higher dementia rates in Black immigrants which are not reflected in the country of origin. No genetic risk has been found. There is potential for prevention in this population.
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Guliyev, Ahmad. "First generation Azerbaijani immigrants in the United States: socio-cultural characteristics and identity issues". Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 18, nr 2 (lipiec 2015): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.18.2.70.
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The community of Azerbaijani immigrants in the United States, which is the subject of our proposed study, is a pretty recent phenomenon. Most Azerbaijani-Americans have immigrated to the United States mainly from Iran, Azerbaijan, Russia or Turkey. Azerbaijani immigration and integration in the United States have not been documented and studied thoroughly. There is no population survey that provides information of any kind on the attitudes and opinions of Azerbaijani Americans. Based on the survey conducted among sample of 103 Azerbaijani immigrants, this paper aims to provide the profile of the Azerbaijani community, socio-cultural characteristics, assess the immigrant’s identification with their native culture, ethnic attachment, as well as, their emotional ties to the homeland and level of integration in the United States.
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TROVATO, FRANK, i DAVID ODYNAK. "SEX DIFFERENCES IN LIFE EXPECTANCY IN CANADA: IMMIGRANT AND NATIVE-BORN POPULATIONS". Journal of Biosocial Science 43, nr 3 (31.01.2011): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932011000010.
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SummaryA growing body of research often indicates that immigrant populations in Western countries enjoy a lower level of mortality in relation to their native-born host populations. In this literature, sex differences in mortality are often reported but substantive analyses of the differences are generally lacking. The present investigation looks at sex differences in life expectancy with specific reference to immigrant and Canadian-born populations in Canada during 1971 and 2001. For these two populations, sex differences in expectation of life at birth are decomposed into cause-of-death components. Immigrants in Canada have a higher life expectancy than their Canadian-born counterparts. In absolute terms, immigrant females enjoy the highest life expectancy. Inrelativeterms, however, immigrant men show a larger longevity advantage, as their expectation of life at birth exceeds that of Canadian-born men by a wider margin than do foreign-born females in relation to Canadian-born females. It is also found that immigrants have a smaller sex differential in life expectancy as compared with the Canadian born. Decomposition analysis shows this is a function of immigrants having smaller sex differences in death rates from heart disease and cancer. Factors thought to underlie these differentials between immigrants and the Canadian born are discussed and suggestions for further research are given.
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Pedroza, Juan Manuel. "Uneven Migration Enforcement". Contexts 21, nr 2 (maj 2022): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15365042221107665.
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In the US, the weight of immigration enforcement falls disproportionately on immigrants from Haiti and Central America. How can we tell? I use deportations and immigrant population data to compare which origin countries account for an unexpectedly high number of deportations – after taking into account their share of the nation’s unauthorized immigrant population. These data sources help us see whether deportations by nationality are uneven. In recent years, immigrants from select countries of origin (especially Haiti and Central America) are overrepresented among deportees when considering each origin country’s contribution to the United States’ unauthorized immigrant population.