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1
Le, Roux Johan. "Industrial robot population density and the neoclassical growth model". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59851.
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Neoclassical economic growth model theory identifies technology as a key promotor of productivity and long-run economic growth. Theory and literature on the subject has grown significantly since Robert Solow's seminal work in 1956. Notwithstanding the substantial literature, gaps remain in several aspects, including the establishment of suitable metrics that can be applied to assess the impact and influence of certain technologies, and in particular industrial robots, on the modern economy.
Given these gaps in knowledge, the aim of this study was to support exploratory research that has found industrial robot density, as a proxy for technology and automation, to be a relevant metric that correlates with productivity and economic growth. Decision and policy makers aiming to improve manufacturing productivity and economic development should find this metric and the associated analysis beneficial in achieving a better understanding of forces that influence economic performance. This research was quantitative by design, and used inferential analysis of data from diverse countries. The suitability of industrial robot density as an econometric measure was tested with statistical methods.
Strong statistical correlations were found between industrial robot density, productivity and economic growth in the manufacturing sector. These findings supported existing growth theory quantitatively, while addressing limitations in previous research by using a larger sample that included developing countries for the first time.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
pa2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
2
Newman, Sheila, i smnaesp@alphalink com au. "The growth lobby and its absence the relationship between the property development and housing industries and immigration policy in Australia and France". Swinburne University of Technology, 2002. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060710.144805.
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This thesis compares population policy and demographic outcomes in France and Australia from 1945 taking into consideration projections to 2050. These features are analysed using a theoretical approach derived from James Q. Wilson and Gary Freeman, flagging focused benefits/costs and diffuse benefits/costs of population growth, including growth fueled by immigration. This analysis is framed by the New Ecological Paradigm developed by Dunlap and Catton.
The oil shock of 1973 is identified as a major turning point where French and Australian policy directions and demographic trends diverge, notably on immigration.
It is established that in both countries there was a will for population stabilisation and energy conservation, which succeeded in France. In Australia, however, a strong, organised growth lobby over-rode this Malthusian tendency. A major force for growth lay in the speculative property development and housing industries. The specific qualities of the Australian land development planning and housing system facilitated land speculation. Speculative opportunity and profits were increased by population growth and, with decreasing fertility rates, the industries concerned relied increasingly on high immigration rates. In France, to the contrary, the land development planning and housing industries had no similar dependency on immigration and, since the oil shock, have adapted to a declining population growth rate.
The author concludes that France has a relatively Malthusian economy and that Australia has a relatively Cornucopian one. These observations may be extrapolated respectively to non-English speaking Western European States and to English Speaking Settler States.
Speculative benefits from population growth/immigration are illustrated by demonstrating a relationship between ratcheting property price inflation in high overseas immigration cities in Australia and the near absence of this inflation in low growth areas. In contrast this ratcheting effect is absent in France and French cities where population growth and immigration have little influence on the property market.
The research suggests that speculative benefits of high population growth have been magnified by globalisation of the property market and that these rising stakes are likely to increase the difficulty of population stabilisation and energy conservation under the Australian land development and planning system.
The thesis contains a substantial appendix analysing and comparing French and Australian demographic and energy use statistics.
3
Grafeneder-Weissteiner, Theresa, i Klaus Prettner. "Agglomeration processes in aging societies". Department of Economics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1620/1/document.pdf.
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This article investigates agglomeration processes in aging societies by introducing an overlapping generation structure into a New Economic Geography model. Whether higher economic integration leads to spatial concentration of economic activity crucially hinges on the economies' demographic properties. While population aging as represented by declining birth rates strengthens agglomeration processes, declining mortality rates weaken them. This is due to the fact that we allow for nonconstant population size. In particular, we show that population growth acts as an important dispersion force that augments the distributional effects on agglomeration processes resulting from the turnover of generations. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
4
Hanhoun, Mary. "Analyse et modélisation de la précipitation de struvite : vers le traitement d'effluents aqueux industriels". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0037/document.
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La réduction des apports phosphorés des eaux usées régie par la Directive Européenne de 1991 (91/271/EEC) est considérée comme le facteur clé de la lutte contre la pollution des rivières et des lacs. Ces travaux concernent exclusivement l'étude de la formation maîtrisée de struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) par précipitation comme alternative originale de récupération du phosphore et, par voie de conséquence, de l'ammonium à partir d'eaux usées. Un atout de ce procédé concerne la valorisation du précipité en tant que fertilisant. Dans ce contexte général, l'objectif consiste à développer une démarche combinant des aspects expérimentaux et de modélisation de la précipitation de la struvite. Un effluent synthétique contenant du phosphore, du magnésium et de l'ammonium a servi de solution modèle pour étudier le rôle de la température, de la concentration en réactifs, et du pH sur l'efficacité de la précipitation de la struvite ainsi que sur la distribution de la taille des cristaux obtenus. Les essais expérimentaux ont été réalisés par précipitation en cuve agitée. Diverses méthodes d'analyse des phases solide et liquide (spectrophotométrie, absorption atomique, granulométrie laser, MEB et Morphométrie) ont été utilisées. Le dosage du magnésium, ainsi que celui d'ammonium et du phosphore permet de déterminer le taux de conversion de ces composés et d'étudier une éventuelle formation d'un sous-produit. L'approche développée dans ce mémoire permet de déterminer les conditions de pH et de température favorisant l'efficacité maximale pour la récupération de la struvite. Deux voies complémentaires ont été proposées. La première étape concerne la modélisation des équilibres chimiques, d'une part, pour calculer le taux de conversion du phosphate final en fonction du pH à l'équilibre pour plusieurs températures et, d'autre part, pour évaluer l'impact de la température sur la constante de solubilité de la struvite. La stratégie numérique implique un algorithme génétique (NSGA II) pour initialiser efficacement un algorithme de résolution classique (Newton Raphson) et garantir la robustesse de la procédure. Dans la seconde étape, un modèle numérique basé sur un bilan de population couplé avec le modèle thermodynamique prédit la distribution de taille des particules,. Cette approche s'est avérée particulièrement stable d'un point de vue numérique lors du calcul des paramètres des vitesses de nucléation et de croissance, utilisés ensuite pour prédire la distribution de taille à l'aide d'une méthode de reconstruction. La forme de la distribution de taille des cristaux obtenue est typique d'un modèle nucléation – croissance. La méthodologie proposée trouve tout son intérêt pour traiter des effluents de qualité variable et prédire l'efficacité du procédé dans lequel le contrôle du pH et de la sursaturation constituent des paramètres clésThe reduction of phosphorus contribution in wastewater, governed by the European directive of 1991 (91/271/EEC) is regarded as the key factor of the fight against pollution of rivers and lakes. This work concerns exclusively the study of the controlled struvite formation (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) by precipitation as an alternative removal of phosphorus and, consequently, of ammonium from waste-water discharges. The valorization of the precipitate as a fertilizer constitutes an asset of the process. In this general context, the objective consists in developing a methodology combining an experimental approach with struvite precipitation modelling. A synthetic effluent containing phosphorus, magnesium and ammonium was used as a model solution to study the role of temperature, concentration in reagents and pH on struvite precipitation efficiency as well as on particle size distribution in a stirred tank reactor. Various analysis methods of both solid and liquid phases (spectrophotometry, atomic absorption, laser granulometry, MEB and Morphology) were used. The residual concentration of magnesium, ammonium and phosphorus allows to determine the conversion rate of these compounds and to study a likely formation of a co-product. The proposed framework is based on a two-level modelling approach. The former level, based on an equilibrium prediction of the study system Mg-PO4-NH4, involves, on the one hand, the computation of the final conversion rate of phosphate as a function of equilibrium pH at different temperatures and, on the other hand, the temperature impact assessment on struvite solubility product. The numerical strategy implies a genetic algorithm (NSGA II) to initialize a traditional algorithm of resolution (Raphson Newton) and to guarantee the robustness of the process. In the second stage, a population balance-based model coupled with the thermodynamic one predicts the particle size distribution. This approach turns out to be particularly numerically stable for the identification of nucleation and particle growth kinetics parameters that are then used to predict the size distribution, typical of a nucleation - growth model, using a method of reconstruction. The proposed methodology is particularly interesting for the treatment of industrial waste-water discharges that may be of variable quality as well as for the prediction of the process efficiency for which pH control and supersaturation constitute key parameters
5
Håkansson, Nina. "Population growth : analysis of an age structure population model". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Mathematics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4392.
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This report presents an analysis of a partial differential equation, resulting from population model with age structure. The existence and uniqueness of a solution to the equation are proved. We look at stability of the solution. The asymptotic behaviour of the solution is treated. The report also contains a section about the connection between the solution to the age structure population model and a simple model without age structure.
6
Hirmis, A. K. "Industrial location and regional industrial growth in Iraq". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510040.
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Gangstad, Berit. "Posttraumatic growth in a stroke population". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442975.
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Correia, LuiÌs P. "Essays on population, growth and development". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442204.
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Tavos, Farid. "How elderly population effects economic growth". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40834.
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Zhang, Ling. "DOES POPULATION AGEING INFLUENCE ECONOMIC GROWTH?" OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2642.
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Zhang, Yigang. "Population growth and planned birth policy". Connect to this title online, 2008. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1239896836/.
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Yu, Yong. "Population growth and real asset returns". Connect to resource, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261323551.
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Trinkel, M., P. Funston, M. Hofmeyr, S. Dell, C. Packer i R. Slotow. "Inbreeding and density-dependent population growth in a small, isolated lion population". The Zoological Society of London, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001446.
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Abstract
In South Africa, more than 30 small, enclosed game reserves have reintroduced
lions over the last two decades, which now house more than 500 individuals. There
is a high risk of inbreeding in these fragmented, fenced and isolated populations,
which may be compounded by a lack of management guidelines. A population of
11 founder lions Panthera leo was reintroduced to Madikwe Game Reserve in
1995, and this population has in turn become a source for reestablishing other
populations. Only four lineages were reintroduced, founder males were related to
founder females, and since 1997, only one male lineage maintained tenure for
49 years, resulting in breeding with direct relatives. Interventionist management
to limit lion population growth and inbreeding in Madikwe has taken the form of
translocating, trophy hunting and culling of mainly sub adult lions. Despite this
management, inbreeding started 5 years after reintroduction. Reproductive performance
and thus population growth in Madikwe were dependent on the overall
lion population density. When lion density was low, females first gave birth at a
significantly younger age and produced larger litters, resulting in a high population
growth rate, which decreased significantly when lion density in the park reached
carrying capacity, that is, 61 lions. This might have profound consequences for
future reestablishment of lion populations when restocking new reserves: our study
illustrates the need for founder populations of reintroduced endangered predator
species to be as large and genetically diverse as possible, and thereafter new genetic
material should be supplemented. The development of such management guidelines
is becoming very important as large predator populations become increasingly
fragmented and managed as metapopulations.
14
Anthonissen, Carel Aaron. "A population-based approach to sequential ordering problems". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2037.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.This project was initiated to develop a new and novel approach to address complex sequencing problems, in particular, an alternative method was developed to find solutions to the sequential ordering problem. The sequential ordering problem is concerned with the arrangement of a number of elements in a sequence that respects a number of precedence constraints and results in the lowest overall cost. A precedence constraint requires that some element will occur before another in the solution sequence, and the cost of a solution is determined by summing the independent individual costs that are incurred when progressing from one specific element in the solution sequence to another. Instances of this problem are regularly found in the practice of industrial engineering in problems such as the routing of a delivery vehicle, the scheduling of jobs on a machine and the preparation of project plans with limited resources. The sequential ordering problem is known to be complex in the sense that as the size of problem instances increases, the best-known time required to find a guaranteed optimal solution increases exponentially.
15
Wiklund, Karin. "Establishment, Growth and Population Dynamics in two Mosses of Old-growth Forests". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4446.
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Begg, Ronald Evan. "Cell-population growth modelling and nonlocal differential equations". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1165.
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Aspects of the asymptotic behaviour of cell-growth models described by partial differential equations, and systems of partial differential equations, are considered. The models considered describe the evolution of the size-distribution or age-distribution of a population of cells undergoing growth and division. First, the relationship between the behaviour, with and without dispersion, of a single-compartment size-distribution model of cell-growth with fixed-size cell division (where cells can only divide at a single, critical size) is considered. In this model dispersion accounts for stochastic variation in the growth process of each individual cell. Existence, uniqueness and the asymptotic stability of the solution is shown for a size-distribution model of cell-growth with dispersion and fixed-size cell division. The conditions for the analysis to hold for a more general class of division behaviours are also discussed. A class of nonlocal ordinary differential equations is studied, which contains as a subset the nonlocal ordinary differential equations describing the steady size-distributions of a single-compartment model of cell-growth. Existence of solutions to these equations is found to be implied by the existence of 'upper' and 'lower' solutions, which also provide bounds for the solution. A multi-compartment, age-distribution model of cell-growth is studied, which describes the evolution of the age-distribution of cells in different phases of cell-growth. The stability of the model when periodic solutions exist is examined. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of stable steady age-distributions, as well as for stable periodic solutions. Finally, a multi-compartment age-size distribution model of cell-growth is studied, which describes the evolution of the age-size distribution of cells in different phases of cell-growth. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of steady age-size distributions. An outline of the analysis required to prove stability of the steady age-size distributions of the model is also given. The analysis is based on ideas introduced in the previous chapters.
17
Stockdale, Aileen. "Residential mobility in rural areas of population growth". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293845.
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Eraydin, L. "ESSAYS ON POPULATION, HUMAN CAPITAL AND ECONOMIC GROWTH". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/258971.
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This thesis is composed by three independent chapters: two of them are original research papers, and one of them is a review-paper. Their common feature is represented by the “unit of analysis”: namely the economic (growth) impact of population under endogenous choices of human capital investment by agents. The first paper is a survey article that mainly reviews the literatures of international migration and economic growth. The main motivation is to identify how and to what extent migration affects human capital accumulation, and thus, economic growth. The paper reveals that the research on migration requires a multi-dimensional perspective in explaining the human capital related economic questions and shows that that the impact of migration on human capital accumulation can be observed via three channels: The impacts of migration on (i) skill formation, (ii) fertility decisions and (iii) wage (income) levels. This review addresses that the changes in those factors generally drive many of the differences in results (either positive or negative or neutral) across studies. The second paper provides a complementary dimension to the directed technological change literature by introducing the human capital accumulation and migration to an Acemoglu-type growth model. The motivation behind this study is the lack of economic analyses on how skill-biased technological change (SBTC) affects the human capital accumulation in both sending and receiving countries under migration. The main results show that, while a SBTC in a technologically advanced country has positive effects on human capital accumulation in technologically less developed countries via migration, it may adversely affect the incentives of local (natives) low skilled individuals to invest in education at advanced countries. Therefore, the net effect of SBTC is ambiguous (either positive or negative or neutral) in developed countries under migration. The last paper analyzes the impact of population growth on economic growth under endogenous technological change and human capital investment. The novelty of this chapter is the inclusion of a “dilution effect” of population growth on per capita human capital accumulation, which is not present in the original Uzawa-Lucas model. This study has showed that an increase in the population growth rate yields an ambiguous impact on the growth rate of per-capita income due to the relative contribution of two distinct effects of population growth: The direct dilution effect and the indirect ideas effect. This study revealed that the dilution effect has a central role in explaining the ambiguous impact of population growth on economic growth. Another result is that more population growth generates an indirect ideas effect on the rate of innovation and economic growth. These evidences are empirically checked for the advanced countries.
19
Bielenberg, Andy. "Industrial growth in Ireland, c.1790-1910". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1994. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1326/.
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This thesis examines growth and decline trends in the Irish industrial sector between 1790 and 1910. It challenges existing perceptions of industrial decline in the nineteenth century; instead it argues that industrial output experienced growth during the period in question. Chapters have been written on brewing, distilling, engineering, shipbuilding, woollen, cotton and linen. An additional chapter has been written to cover some of the remaining industries (milling, food processing, tobacco, glass, tanning, paper). Each of these chapters provides a synthesis of research in each industry, in addition to some new research which has been done by the author on the business records of a number of industrial companies. Part of the research task was to bring together the available statistics in each industry; these have been extensively used to gain some idea of trends in each industry. A more macro perspective has been taken in the conclusion which contains two new estimates of industrial output in 1840-5 and 1907. The former is the first estimate of industrial output to be made for nineteenth century Ireland. A second objective of the thesis is to identify the major economic factors which led to the industrialisation of east Ulster while most of the remainder of the country failed to achieve significant industrial development during this period. This theme in particular is explored in the chapters on linen, shipbuilding, engineering and in the conclusion. A further objective of the thesis is to identify how much the extent, location and nature of each industry changed during the period in question. Earlier research on the Irish industrial sector has either concentrated on one region (particularly Ulster), or has only concentrated on one industry. This thesis is the first attempt to look at almost all of the industries which created added value on the island of Ireland.
20
MANGIONE, ERICA. "Housing the student population in the post-industrial university city". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11583/2973425.
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Sminkey, Thomas R. "Age, growth and population dynamics of the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus, at different population levels". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616858.
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The objectives of my research were to test the hypothesis that compensatory (density-dependent) growth of sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus) occurred after severe population reduction, to describe the juvenile sandbar shark fauna present in the Chesapeake Bay during 1980-81 and 1990-93, and to perform demographic analyses to examine potential population growth. Age and growth of sandbar sharks were investigated by counting rings in vertebral samples collected in 1980-81 and 1991-92. Age at maturity was 15-16 years for both sample periods and both sexes. For sexes combined, the von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L&\sb{lcub}\infty{rcub}& = 199 cm precaudal length (PCL), K = 0.057, t&\sb{lcub}\rm o{rcub}& = &-&4.9 years for the 1980-81 sample and L&\sb{lcub}\infty{rcub}& = 164 cm PCL, K = 0.089, t&\sb{lcub}\rm o{rcub}& = &-&3.8 years for the 1991-92 sample. Significant differences in size at age and annual incremental growth of juveniles suggest a small increase in juvenile sandbar shark growth rate between the two sampling periods. Annual catches of sharks &>&105 cm PCL declined substantially between survey periods. Males and females were present in a 1:1 ratio. During 1980-81 juveniles ranged in age from 0-7 yr, but in 1990-93 few sandbar sharks over age 4 were taken. Based on the best estimate of fishing mortality the population ranged from 10,087 to 8509 sharks from 1989-1993. Annual year-class size was variable but all estimates were within one order of magnitude. Juvenile sandbar sharks declined in abundance by approximately 15% between 1989 and 1993. The annual population growth rate was highest under a scenario of natural mortality (M) = 0.05 and maximum age of 30 yr, but was only 11.9%/yr. at higher juvenile mortality rates and adult M fixed at 0.10, the best estimate of M for sandbar sharks, population growth rate was only 2.6%/yr. Adding fishing mortality (F) at immature ages caused the population to decline unless F levels were &<&0.10 and 0.05 at maximum age = 30 and 60 yr, respectively. It is apparent that sandbar shark populations will decline under any substantial fishing mortality on immature ages, and mature fish can only be exploited at very low levels of fishing mortality.
22
Kutalik, ZoltaÌn. "Modelling bacterial growth at population and single cell level". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429820.
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Zidan, Adel. "Cellular automata for population growth prediction : Tripoli-Libya case". Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10541.
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Due to obstruction in the national plan of urbanization in Tripoli (Libya) and population growth, serious problems have emerged in the form of random settlements, overcrowding and poor infrastructure. After more than two decades of inertia, the government has created a national plan in order to resolve the problems, hence it has enforced the demolition of some zones and modified other (irregularly built) ones, however the process is extremely costly. This research introduces a solution through cellular automata (CA) model to predict growth trends; size of residential, industrial and utilities areas; and to project future population. The model is implemented using digitized land use maps of Tripoli to indicate each areas as group of cells to predict their growth. The model incorporates two types of fuzzy rules bases, the first of which is based on the inputs population and area, and the second of which is based on the three inputs of population, area and density. The population prediction is performed using three scenarios, namely decreasing, fixed and increasing growth rates, such that all possibilities of growth are covered. In addition, the residential area prediction is performed based on two cases: normal density and low density. The former is introduced since new areas tend to have more open spaces and bigger houses. Furthermore, the model considers the growth of the industrial areas to be slower than that of residential areas. The model is developed and validated for the period of 1980 to 2010. The prediction is performed for thirty years from 2010 to 2040. In addition to the CA model, a regression model is developed and tested on the three growth scenarios for the same period (30 years). The prediction results are very close for 2040 in terms of population. The model incorporates the introduction of public services areas that are distributed equally on the growth areas, which occupy about 15-20% of the total area. This model can help the government to develop areas in a proper way and controls the expansion to have well layout and planned of the city, improving people's standard of living sustainably, while protecting the environment with better planning.
24
Ashwan, Majed Sultan Saad. "The population growth of Riyadh City in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1170/.
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Asongwe, Michael N. (Michael Nde). "Population Growth and Socioeconomic Development in Nigeria 1960 - 1984". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501243/.
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This study is directed toward the relationship between population growth and socioeconomic development in Nigeria for the period 1960-1984. A controlled population growth would positively affect every segment of the economic and social environment. With hunger and starvation, disease, poverty and illiteracy plaguing large portions of the world, Nigeria's limited resources would best be utilized if shared among a smaller population, Nigeria, like other developing African countries, does not have an official population control policy. The diversity in the Nigerian culture, the controversial nature of the subject of population control, and possibly, implementation difficulties, account for the absence of a population control policy in Nigeria. This study offers in its concluding section some policy recommendations on how to tackle Nigeria's population problem.
26
Tong, Jian. "Technology, industrial structure, financial institutions and economic growth". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1676/.
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This thesis studies the relationship between technology and industrial structure in the context of a growing market economy. Chapters 2 and 5 develop some general equilibrium models which permit a study of the relationship between quality competition, market structure and growth. Both market structure and the rate of growth are determined endogenously as functions of underlying parameters describing the pattern of technology and tastes, and the institutional environment. It is argued that quality competition constitutes an economic mechanism of primary importance, which provides essential incentives for innovation at the industry level, while also contributing to aggregate technological progress by way of R&D spillover effects. A related theme of the thesis is that constraints on quality competition are detrimental to growth. Chapter 3 presents a theoretical model which explains certain statistical regularities regarding cohort survival patterns, the persistence of firm turnover, and the appearance of shakeouts during an industry life cycle. By treating the market as comprising a number of strategically independent submarkets, this analysis separates the strategic interaction effects which occur at the submarket level, from the independence effects which operate across submarkets. Chapter 4 studies competition between two cohorts of radically different but substitutable technologies. By analyzing the entry of new-technology- based firms, the exit of incumbents and subsequent quality competition, this chapter explores the impact of a radical innovation on market structure and on the turnover of firms. Two critical levels of the parameter which measures the efficiency of the new technology are identified: the first must be attained for 'creative destruction' to take place, while the second must be attained for this 'creative destruction' process to take a 'drastic' form which involves the complete replacement of currently active firms by a wave of new entrants.
27
Giugliano, Ferdinando. "Industrial policy and productivity growth in Fascist Italy". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:982ff041-a460-4d62-9973-d6431b6b3092.
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The first chapter - Crisis? Which Crisis? - constructs a new series of industrial value added at constant (1938) prices for Italy, for the period between 1928 and 1938. The data employed are shown to be better indicators of the dynamic of the Great Depression than those used by Carreras and Felice (2010) and allow to substantially revise the profile of the Crisis. The contraction appears to be more pronounced and persistent, placing the Italian experience more in line with that of other industrialised countries. The second chapter - The Italian Climacteric - presents new estimates of total factor productivity growth for Italy over the Fascist era and compares them with analogous ones for the pre-World War One period and for Germany and Britain. Because of the absence of a fully reliable GDP series, a dual growth accounting framework is employed. This approach permits the incorporation of new data on land rents and of new evidence on the returns to human capital. Results show that during the interwar era Italy experienced a “climacteric", defined as a cessation of TFP growth, which compares poorly with the coeval performance of Britain and Germany. This disappointing result contrasts vividly with what occurred in the late liberal Italy, when TFP grew less quickly than in Germany, but faster than in Britain. The third chapter - A Tale of Two Fascisms - offers the first quantitative assessment of labour productivity dynamics within the Italian industrial sector and of their links with Fascist competition policy. We argue that the institutional context in which Italian firms operated and, in particular, changes in the level of product market competition had a significant effect in determining their productivity performance. By relying on a new dataset and on new labour productivity estimates, we show that the earlier more liberal period of the Fascist era was characterised by a true productivity boom, which ended following the switch to a more interventionist industrial policy. Panel data evidence shows that reductions in the level of competition in the industrial sector were associated with lower productivity growth, while changes in industrial structure were a less significant factor.
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Cullen, Joseph Andrew. "Essays in Industrial Organization, Growth, and the Environment". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195582.
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This dissertation consists of three essays which examine the effects of government intervention into the economy and the resulting effects on the environment and on growth. These essays use natural variation in observed behaviors and outcomes to gauge the impact of government action using either a reduced form or structural model. The first essay measures the environmental benefits of renewable energy subsidies. Production subsidies for renewable energy have been a popular program due to their perceived environmental benefits. Wind energy in particular has taken advantage of federal subsidies. However, little empirical research has been conducted which would quantify such benefits. Taking investment in wind capacity as given, I am able to identify the short run substitution patterns between wind power and conventional power for large electricity grid in Texas. I exploit the randomness of wind to identify plant level substitution of wind generated electricity for conventionally generated electricity. I then quantify the avoided emissions and associated costs using plant level emissions information, market clearing prices for pollution permits, and estimates of the social costs of pollution. The end result is the value of avoided emissions due to government subsidies. I find that the value of subsidies hinges on the value placed on reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The second essay assess the effectiveness of potential environmental regulations to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from the electricity producers. Climate change, driven by rising carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels, has become one of the most pressing economic and political issues. Governments around the world are implementing environmental regulations that tax or price carbon dioxide emissions or significantly increase renewable energy production. Electricity producers are the leading emitters of CO₂ and other pollutants. They make their output decisions in response to fluctuating prices for electricity given their costs of production, which include substantial startup costs. In this essay I recover the cost parameters of the industry with a dynamic price taking model. The parameters are used to solve for equilibrium prices and to simulate the supply of electricity, consumer surplus and firm profits under counterfactual environmental policies. Preliminary results evaluating a carbon tax policy show that total emissions from the industry do not change significantly when faced with tax rates at the levels currently under consideration by legislators. Even a very large carbon tax of ten times that of expected levels lowers emissions by only 9% in the short run. The third essay, co-authored with Dr. Price Fishback, examines the growth of local economies which were the target of large government expenditures. Studies of the development of local economies often point to large-scale World War II military spending as a source of long-term economic growth, even though the spending declined sharply after the demobilization. We examine the longer term impact of the temporary war spending on county economies using a variety of measures of socioeconomic activity: including per capita retail sales, the extent of manufacturing, population growth, the share of women in the work force, housing values and ownership, and per capita savings over the period 1940-1950. We find that in the longer term counties receiving more war spending per capita during the war experienced extensive growth due to increases in population but not intensive growth, as the war spending had very small impacts on per capita measures of economic activity.
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Schwartzman, Peter D. "Population growth as a problem in the public sphere : current state of play and future prospects /". Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020243/.
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Liao, Pei-Ju. "Essays on demographic transition and economic growth". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1872151741&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Collins, Teresa Mary Helen. "Of moths and candle flames : the aesthetics of fertility and childbearing in the northern areas of Pakistan". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266101.
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Doman, Paul. "The effects of rapid population growth on business sector activity /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ard666.pdf.
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Hounslow, Michael John. "A discretized population balance for simultaneous nucleation, growth and aggregation /". Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh839.pdf.
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Tsai, Arthur C. J. "U.S. housing projection : perceptives from population growth and demographic factors". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43424.
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Over the past century, population growth and favourable demographic factors have strongly influenced the U.S. housing market. Demographic factors such as age cohorts, race and ethnicity have formed longstanding housing trends and preferences. These demographic factors are expected to continue as the U.S. population increases over the next few years.
In the U.S. West, the population is expected to increase the most compared to the rest of the country. As a result, this thesis examined six Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in the U.S. West and forecast housing demand in relation to the number of units of housing starts and the volume of construction lumber required to build these housing units.
The population and demographic data from 2006 to 2015 for these six MSAs were analysed and results indicated cities with a large population base are expected to have higher housing starts demand and lumber consumption than cities with a smaller population base. Furthermore, different population age cohorts defined as Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y will also affect housing preferences in terms of the size and type of the houses. Another key demographic trend is the mix in race and ethnicity, specifically with the high percentage of Hispanic population in the U.S. West. The Hispanics are the largest and fastest growing ethnic population in the U.S. West and are expected to be a major population segment influencing the future of the housing market.
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Abdul, Ghani Ahmed Abdul Hameed. "Population growth and socioeconomic development : a case study of Bahrain". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35467.
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Most developing countries believe that the actual problem lies not in rapid population growth, but rather in slow socioeconomic development, that as the countries become urbanized and industrialized, as people become educated and infant mortality is reduced, parents will be motivated to reduce fertility and family size. Mixed success and high costs of supply-oriented programmes and lack of public resources in developing countries, have drawn the attention of a growing number of scholars to the role of the factors influencing the demand side of the reproduction process. In view of this contention this study attempts to analyse some of these social and economic determinants of fertility behaviour. The thesis begins with a brief historical survey of the major macro and micro theories of fertility. Starting with macro-economic theories of fertility, we have gone back to the time of Malthus and Marx. We also covered the Neo-Malthusian, Demographic Transition, and Alternative Macro-Economic theories. The development of modern fertility theory is traced through Becker's landmark 1960 article, Mincer's contributions (the opportunity cost of time, relative income) and Becker's 1965 Theory of Household Production. We also surveyed some of other theoretical work being done in the field by Richard Easterlin, Harvey Leibenstein, and others. Before making a choice, design and formulation of the appropriate model for the empirical work, the demographic picture of Bahrain is examined. Although a lot of work has been done on the economics of family size in developed and developing countries employing modern techniques in macroeconomics and microeconomics, there has been no study using data sets from Gulf oil rich countries. The present research will be confined to the experience of the state of Bahrain as an example. The empirical work is based on macro- and micro-analyses of fertility. In macro-analysis of fertility we use time-series data, the period covered in the investigation is from 1967-1986. In micro-analysis of fertility we use cross- section data, based on the 1981 census. Both analyses are based on micro economic theory of fertility. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique is employed most of the time to test the effectiveness of socioeconomic factors on fertility, although some Simultaneous Equations Models are constructed.
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Moinifar, Heshmat Sadat. "Family planning programmes and population growth in post-revolutionary Iran". Thesis, Durham University, 1999. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1112/.
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Smith, Garrett Paul. "Immunocontraceptive vaccines against brucellosis and population growth in feral swine". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77987.
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Feral swine are a nuisance species across the United States that costs around $1.5 billion each year in agricultural, environmental, and personal property damages. In the last ten years the population of feral swine is estimated to have quadrupled and novel population control methods are needed. Furthermore, feral swine are known carriers of zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis, which threatens both livestock biosecurity and public health. Recombinant multimeric gonadotropin-releasing hormone (mGnRH) has been previously used as a subunit vaccine to induce immunocontraception in feral pigs. However, potent adjuvants and large amounts of purified antigen are needed to elicit a robust anti-GnRH immune response and current delivery methods are limited. Brucella suis strain VTRS2 can be used as a novel platform to deliver mGnRH without the use of antibiotic resistant markers. Strain VTRS2 was created by deletion of the LPS biosynthesis gene wboA as well as the leuB gene required for leucine biosynthesis inside the nutrient-depleted intracellular environment occupied by Brucella. Mutations in wboA are known to attenuate Brucella strains such as the vaccine strain B. abortus RB51, however strain RB51 is rifampin resistant and has poor efficacy in swine. Strain VTRS2 confers significant protection against B. suis challenge in mice and additionally shows evidence of protection in feral swine. Furthermore, the mGnRH antigen can be delivered using the pNS4 plasmid (which expresses leuB under its native promoter) thus maintaining the plasmid in strain VTRS2 under leucine-deficient conditions while expressing recombinant antigen in the host. The murine model was used to determine the clearance kinetics of strain VTRS2-mGnRH and to measure vaccine efficacy against challenge by virulent B. suis 1330. Subsequently the effects of the VTRS2-mGnRH vaccine on fertility were assessed in breeding trials in mice. Strains VTRS2 and VTRS2-mGnRH were found to be protective against virulent Brucella suis challenge. Strain VTRS2-mGnRH elicited an anti-mGnRH antibody response in vaccinated mice, though an effect on fertility was not observed. An improved vaccine against brucellosis in swine, which also confers immunocontraception without the introduction of antibiotic resistance, could become an important tool in the management of this nuisance invasive species.Ph. D.
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Henrique, de Santana Luís. "Growth models incorporating technology and a new population dynamics equation". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5770.
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Henrique de Santana, Luís; Menezes Campello de Souza, Fernando. Growth models incorporating technology and a new population dynamics equation. 2006. Dissertação (Mestrado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2006.
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Lawgali, Fathia. "Economic aspects of population growth and water consumption in Libya". Thesis, Abertay University, 2009. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/db1d8052-382b-490d-88b1-8377a5bb10f4.
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Large increases in water demand with very little recharge have strained Libya’s groundwater resources, resulting in serious declines in water levels and quality, especially along the Mediterranean coast where most of the agricultural, domestic and industrial activities are concentrated. To meet these increases, Libya turned to desalination as a supplementary water resource as early as 1964. Both thermal and membrane desalination technologies have been used. This study shows that the problem of water scarcity is likely to increase further in the future. This study has three aims: first, to estimate the historical relationship between population growth and the various uses of water; second, to forecast water consumption according to the various uses; third, to estimate the elasticities of water demand and examine the effect of price, income, population and temperature on water demand in Libya in the short and long-run. To achieve these aims, an econometric model of Libyan water demand is constructed and estimated for the period 1975-2005, using the Box-Jenkins approach to forecast water demand and the Engle-Granger two-step approach to estimate the short and long-run elasticities of water demand. As a result this study provides considerable information for policy makers concerning current and future Libyan water demand. By examining the relationships between population growth and the future consumption of water in Libya, it is possible to reach the following conclusions. • Population growth in Libya will be very high. • Population elasticities for water demand are elastic for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. Water demand for all purposes is extremely elastic. • Most of the population and agricultural lands are concentrated in the northern part of the country. • The Libyan economy depends heavily on underground water. • In Libya, as a whole, water demand will increase. Available water in 2020 will be less than half of water demands, implying an increase in the water scarcity problem over time. • The short and long-run price elasticties are negative, suggesting that there is an inverse relationship between water demands and price. Also, these elasticities indicate that water use is generally inelastic with respect to price. • The income elasticities are all positive in the short and long-run. This result accords with demand theory, implying that water is a normal good. • The estimation results suggest that, in the long-run, water demand for agricultural, domestic and industrial use is highly elastic for population and inelastic for price and income. • The short-run elasticities are less than the long-run elasticities, as economic theory suggests. Also, all elasticities in the short-run are less than one. This implies that water demand is inelastic in the short-run.
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Pignotti, Elettra <1958>. "Parameter estimation in a growth model for a biological population". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5169/2/Pignotti_Elettra_tesi.pdf.
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The motivating problem concerns the estimation of the growth curve of solitary corals that follow the nonlinear Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF). The most common parameterization of the VBGF for corals is based on two parameters: the ultimate length L∞ and the growth rate k. One aim was to find a more reliable method for estimating these parameters, which can capture the influence of environmental covariates. The main issue with current methods is that they force the linearization of VBGF and neglect intra-individual variability. The idea was to use the hierarchical nonlinear model which has the appealing features of taking into account the influence of collection sites, possible intra-site measurement correlation and variance heterogeneity, and that can handle the influence of environmental factors and all the reliable information that might influence coral growth. This method was used on two databases of different solitary corals i.e. Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti, collected in six different sites in different environmental conditions, which introduced a decisive improvement in the results. Nevertheless, the theory of the energy balance in growth ascertains the linear correlation of the two parameters and the independence of the ultimate length L∞ from the influence of environmental covariates, so a further aim of the thesis was to propose a new parameterization based on the ultimate length and parameter c which explicitly describes the part of growth ascribable to site-specific conditions such as environmental factors. We explored the possibility of estimating these parameters characterizing the VBGF new parameterization via the nonlinear hierarchical model. Again there was a general improvement with respect to traditional methods. The results of the two parameterizations were similar, although a very slight improvement was observed in the new one. This is, nevertheless, more suitable from a theoretical point of view when considering environmental covariates.
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Pignotti, Elettra <1958>. "Parameter estimation in a growth model for a biological population". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5169/.
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The motivating problem concerns the estimation of the growth curve of solitary corals that follow the nonlinear Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF). The most common parameterization of the VBGF for corals is based on two parameters: the ultimate length L∞ and the growth rate k. One aim was to find a more reliable method for estimating these parameters, which can capture the influence of environmental covariates. The main issue with current methods is that they force the linearization of VBGF and neglect intra-individual variability. The idea was to use the hierarchical nonlinear model which has the appealing features of taking into account the influence of collection sites, possible intra-site measurement correlation and variance heterogeneity, and that can handle the influence of environmental factors and all the reliable information that might influence coral growth. This method was used on two databases of different solitary corals i.e. Balanophyllia europaea and Leptopsammia pruvoti, collected in six different sites in different environmental conditions, which introduced a decisive improvement in the results. Nevertheless, the theory of the energy balance in growth ascertains the linear correlation of the two parameters and the independence of the ultimate length L∞ from the influence of environmental covariates, so a further aim of the thesis was to propose a new parameterization based on the ultimate length and parameter c which explicitly describes the part of growth ascribable to site-specific conditions such as environmental factors. We explored the possibility of estimating these parameters characterizing the VBGF new parameterization via the nonlinear hierarchical model. Again there was a general improvement with respect to traditional methods. The results of the two parameterizations were similar, although a very slight improvement was observed in the new one. This is, nevertheless, more suitable from a theoretical point of view when considering environmental covariates.
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Vemundstad, Magnus Høsøien. "Productivity Growth and Openness in the Norwegian Industrial Sector". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for samfunnsøkonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21746.
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Silveira, Fabrício. "Industrial allocation and growth trajectories : a multi-level approach". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290074.
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This dissertation investigates the process of economic growth with heterogeneous agents from a multi-level perspective. Building upon Kaldorian and Evolutionary principles, growth is defined as a path-dependent and complex phenomenon, which requires structural variation and the interplay between demand and supply at distinct analytical levels. Two concomitant and dependent 'layers' of this process are emphasised: the supply-led 'intra-sectoral development trajectory' and the demand-led 'inter-sectoral development trajectory'. The key element in the first is the firm size, which is shown to have a non-linear influence on the process of technological change. The second layer is shown to depend on the growth of income and patterns of production and consumption reflected on the inter-sectoral composition and level of 'sophistication' of the productive structure. The key to understand divergent growth trajectories lies in the interaction between these layers and the contradictory effects imposed at each analytical level both by demand (top-down) and supply (bottom-up). The approach is both theoretical and empirical and the analysis reveals important stylised facts of growth at the firm, sector and country levels. The text is structured in four sections comprising 9 chapters. Section I introduces the theoretical foundations of the work and the limitations of Evolutionary and Kaldorian schools to explain the multi-level 'allocation problem'. Section II presents the databases and empirically assesses the influence of the (re)allocation of labour on growth at each analytical level. Section III investigates the foundations of the process of micro-meso and macro process of development. The final section proposes a unified theoretical framework to connect the multi-level evidence. The analysis reinforces the interplay between demand and supply in growth trajectories, prompting a number of original policy implications.
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Pintelon, Thomas Raymond Raoul. "Lattice Boltzmann modelling of biofilm growth in industrial applications". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609317.
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Vial, Virginie G. "Industrial demographics, industrial dynamics, and aggregate total factor productivity growth in Indonesian manufacturing, 1975-95". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2680/.
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After an introductory chapter, chapter 2 reviews and assesses the existing theoretical and empirical literature on TFP growth. A detailed review of the economic and historical literature on productivity growth in Indonesian manufacturing follows. This allows constructing a new methodology for the estimation of aggregate TFP growth in Indonesian manufacturing, using a panel dataset of establishments over the period 1975-95. New estimates are presented and compared with historical evidence. Chapter 3 further emphasises the issue of establishments' heterogeneity by presenting a meticulous review of both the theoretical and empirical literature on industrial demography. Chapter 4 investigates further the heterogeneity of manufacturing establishments in terms of productivity, and size. It offers a comprehensive demographic study of manufacturing establishments over the 21-year period, focusing on productivity and size differentials, as well as on establishments' entry and exit. In a second part, relaxing the representative plant hypothesis and taking establishments' turnover effect into account, I present several decompositions of aggregate TFP growth into incumbents' contribution and the contribution of entrants and exiters. Chapter 5 draws on this literature and tests econometrically the different hypotheses aiming at an explanation of establishments' productivity heterogeneity. Hypotheses are tailored to the Indonesian manufacturing sector through a careful reference to the economic history of the sector. Chapter 6 offers three detailed historical and economic industry studies, aiming at the discovery of central factors and processes explaining the evolution of the manufacturing sector in terms of productivity change and establishments' demography. It also tests econometrically hypotheses regarding the main factors explaining survival and exit of establishments. Chapter 7 recalls the results of the reestimation of aggregate TFP growth using a new methodology, and brings together the main outcomes of the subsequent chapters, thereby offering an explanation of aggregate TFP growth with detailed microeconomic mechanisms.
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Collins, Fred C. "Evaluation of a repairable equipment population system and its logistics support subsystem". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020124/.
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Fridh, Ann-Charlotte. "Dynamics and growth : the health care industry". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industrial Economics and Management, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3445.
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This dissertation uses the theory of the experimentallyorganised economy (EOE) and competence blocs to analyseeconomic development in the health care industry. The healthcare industry is both important and interesting to study fromseveral points of view. The industry is large, even larger thanthe manufacturing industry, and draws significantresources.
The theory of the EOE and competence blocs is bothevolutionary and dynamic. It identifies the actors needed foran efficient selection and commercialisation of investmentprojects and the competences needed to support that process.For this, the institutional setting is important in thatinstitutions influence the incentives that guide actors in theeconomy and the nature of competitionthat forces change.
Four empirical studies are carried out using severalempirical methods to study similar problems, ranging fromeconometric analyses of panel micro data to case studies. Weask if the withdrawal of a major employer (Pharmacia) from aregion (Uppsala) has had a negative effect on employmentgrowth. We then ask if the turnover of establishments has hadany effect on regional employment growth. We find no supportfor the first question. However, the regional turnover ofestablishments is found to have had a positive effect onregional employment growth, illustrating how important thisdynamic is for the economy. In addition, a case study of theintroduction of two almost identical innovations in twodifferent competence bloc environments, that of the US and thatof Sweden, captures the whole process from invention toinnovation and diffusion in the market. We find that without acomplete competence bloc the risk is high ofloosing awinner. Finally, we study the role of the technologytransfer process from university to industry for thecommercialisation of new inventions. Among other things, thestudy illustrates how institutional changes, such as theBayh-Dole Act, have created positive effects for theeconomy.
The Experimentally Organised Economy; Competence Blocs;Industrial Dynamics; Health Care Industry; IndustrialTransformation; Regional Turnover of Establishments; CaseStudies; Technology Transfer
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Anthonissen, Carel Aäron. "A population-based approach to sequential ordering problems /". Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/332.
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Mukhtar, Naji A. "Housing policy in Libya : study of public housing projects in Tripoli City". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368017.
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Fessahaie, Tesfamichael. "Peri-urban agriculture and population growth : the case of Asmara, Eritrea". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d109790.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a differentiated view of peri-urban agriculture in the context of urban population growth in Asmara, Eritrea. Peri-urban agriculture is viewed as a distinct type of broader urban agriculture, and in this case is not as subsistence-orientated as other branches of it. Urban population growth is comprised of three elements, namely, natural population increase, rural-urban migration and outward movement of people to the urban periphery linked to urban expansion. Each receives extensive treatment. Asmara is the capital city of Eritrea and using Weeks (2004:473) phrase can be termed as a “primate city”. As such, it exerts a major influence on the political, economic and cultural life of the country, but has never been subjected to this type of research. The analytical framework that is adopted is that of urban population growth. In order to operationalize it, theoretical insights into each of its three branches were applied. For example, the informalisation of the economy in developing cities was used to explain the operation of peri-urban agriculture in the context of natural population growth. An adaption of the original Harris-Todaro Model by Fields (2004) was used for the migrants, and the Mosaic Model by Bryant and Johnson (1992) for those facing urban encroachment. Primary data were collected in the field by the author with the help of research assistants. This was supplemented by secondary data which involved reports commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Public Works. Focus Group discussions were also held to supplement the data with information, views and insights that do not emerge in one-to-one interviews. This thesis demonstrates that those respondents operating within the context of natural population growth make a viable living from peri-urban agriculture, but that they also recognise that there are considerable challenges to be faced. Three sub-groups of farmers are identified. Of these, poultry farmers are the most vulnerable because of the high costs of the inputs, the uncertainty associated with avian „flu and an undeveloped distribution network. The vegetable producers, on the other hand, have a sophisticated marketing network, but low levels of education, high household numbers and an impending shortage of land and water. The agriculturalists that have migrated to Asmara seem to have created sustainable occupations for themselves over a number of years. However, 75 percent of them felt that migration to Asmara was not worthwhile. This negative view is explained in terms of the struggle it has taken to maintain such a living and the growing shortage of land. This set of farmers achieves lower production levels than its city-reared counterparts, carries considerable expenses and has to hire its land. The farmers who have had to cope with urban encroachment fall into two classes. The first has chosen to remain in peri-urban agriculture despite feeling the pressure to scale down activities and thus have a lower income. The majority of this group are dairy farmers who have to trade off increasing costs of cattle feed against shrinking grazing land. They are unwilling to take the initiative to solve their land problems, but look to the authorities to do so. The second class of respondents in this category have abandoned their agricultural holdings. The majority of these agriculturalists are poultry farmers living in the Eastern side of the city. A shortage of agricultural land, high population densities and high costs of inputs make poultry farming difficult. This thesis, therefore, presents a multifaceted view of peri-urban agriculture. While each set of farmers has to cope with its own particular circumstances, there is a common factor. This is the tension between preserving agricultural land on the urban fringe and the need to expand the city to accommodate its inhabitants.