Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Poor heroine”
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Dudareva, M. A. "Who killed poor Liza? Cultural transmission in Nikolay Karamzin’s novel Poor Liza". Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 4, nr 2 (31.07.2020): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-2-14-126-134.
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An appeal to the novel “Poor Lisa” by Nikolay Karamzin in an extensive cultural and historical context provides an opportunity to pose a question on the transmission of culture, its “vertical” dimension. This makes it possible to distinguish between the characters according to their cultural types: Liza is a person of “soil”, endowed with ancestors’ sacred knowledge, while Erast is a man of «culture» out of touch with the ground. In this regard, it proves to be relevant not so much the social inequality of the characters, as noted by the researchers, as their different worldview, attitude to nature, love, etc. Parallel with the Russian folklore tradition, lyrics, where the concept of «love» is represented through the lexemes «sweetheart», «soul», «heart» are also challenging in this respect. It is to this archaic knowledge, the heritage of centuries, that Liza, the main character, is attached. Separation from love, a broken heart in this context is equivalent to the loss of life. Based on such representations, Liza’s act is considered from a different angle: death is the only possible outcome for the heroine, for her heart life. In the typological aspect, it is fruitful to refer to Montaigne’s Essays, to his statements on heart life, which is to a great extent consistent with the life of nature. At that time, Montaigne’s philosophy was well known to Russian literary figures.The methodological basis of the study includes structural-typological, comparative, and system-complex (culturological) research methods, ensuring a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the artistic text and making it possible to show the national space in Karamzin’s novel. The results may be interesting to both philologists and cultural scientists, and can also be used in courses on the history of Russian literature.
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Rosenshield, Gary. "Varen'ka Dobroselova: An Experiment in the Desentimentalization of the Sentimental Heroine in Dostoevskii's Poor Folk". Slavic Review 45, nr 3 (1986): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499055.
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Ever since its publication the success of Fedor Dostoevskii's first novel Poor Folk has been ascribed primarily to the characterization of its “naturalistic” hero, Makar Devushkin, not to its sentimental heroine, Varen'ka Dobroselova. Although critics have continued to discover new merits in Poor Folk, in the end it is Devushkin who dominates the novel and on whom, in one way or another, most of its virtues depend. Not only is Devushkin the protagonist, he is also at the center of the novel's important innovations in style, theme, and characterization. Dostoevskii took the poor copying clerk, a type that for a decade had been used as a stock device—and most often the butt—of Russian comic fiction, and transformed him into the hero of a tragi-comic sentimental novel. This transformation was much abetted by Dostoevskii's use of the epistolary form— a form common to the sentimental novel of the eighteenth century, but long outdated in Russia by the 1840s—for it permitted the hero to tell his own story and, by so doing, to reveal the sensitive human being behind the comic mask.
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Durgan, Jessica. "WILKIE COLLINS'S BLUE PERIOD: COLOR, AESTHETICS, AND RACE IN POOR MISS FINCH". Victorian Literature and Culture 43, nr 4 (5.08.2015): 765–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015031500025x.
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Although subtitled “A Domestic Story,” Wilkie Collins's Poor Miss Finch (1872) offers a sensational plot bursting with secrets and mistaken identities. Many of the novel's plot twists and turns center on the transformation of the hero, Oscar Dubourg, from a wealthy white Englishman into a dark blue “Other” when he is treated with nitrate of silver after a serious head injury. While Oscar's medication cures him of his seizures, it also causes agryria, a skin discoloration, which turns him permanently dark blue. The hero's experience of this traumatic side effect is exacerbated by the reaction of his blind fiancée Lucilla, the title's “Poor Miss Finch.” In the novel, Lucilla's blindness leads her to distort visual concepts such as light and color in her imagination, resulting in her desperate fear of dark colors. The novel's central conflict arises when Oscar engages the help of Lucilla's companion Madame Pratolungo in hiding his new dark skin color from the blind heroine. Complicating this situation further is the arrival of Oscar's identical (but still white) twin Nugent, who deviously schemes to elope with the beautiful Lucilla by impersonating his brother.
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Tong, Zhaosheng. "Analysis of Mulan’s Poor Reception in China from the Perspective of Orientalism". African and Asian Studies 21, nr 4 (24.10.2022): 344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341570.
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Abstract The undesirable reception of Disney’s Mulan (2020) is attributable to complicated factors. This paper combs Hua Mulan’s images in Chinese literary and visual discourses, and confirms her as a virtuous epitome and a national heroine in Chinese mainstream culture, whereas in Mulan, she is portrayed as a warrior with magic “qi” and homosexual orientation, representing modern feminists’ pursuits for gender recognition and equality. Besides, the assertive collage of Chinese cultural elements severely impairs the authenticity of her story. Superficially, the arbitrary appropriation of Chinese culture causes the poor reception of the movie, which, however, if situated within the framework of Orientalism with a lineal examination of the Chinese-culture-related Hollywood movies, more underlying causes, ideological, political and commercial, can be uncovered. The film’s failure bespeaks the predicament confronted by contemporary Hollywood film industry. If Hollywood film producers want to reap lucrative gains from the booming Chinese film market, they should rectify their outdated condescending attitudes and do more in updating their production concepts, innovation, empathy and cooperation. This paper may be of significance as a reference to the practice and study of film adaptation, production and marketing across cultures.
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Williams, Melanie. "Remembering ‘the poor soul walking in the rain’: Audience Responses to a Thwarted Makeover inWoman in a Dressing Gown". Journal of British Cinema and Television 10, nr 4 (październik 2013): 709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2013.0171.
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This article emerges from a 2004–5 research project on audience memories of the 1957 British film Woman in a Dressing Gown. It provides general information on the project's objectives and methods before going on to detail one of its major findings: an unexpected degree of consensus among its participants when identifying the film's most memorable scene. The film's heroine makes an effort to improve her appearance by getting her hair done, before her transformation is suddenly and cruelly undone by bad weather; this scene stood out in participants' recollections to a greater extent than any other moment from the film. This article aims to account for the recurrent selection of that specific scene by offering a close reading of respondents' memories of it, with particular reference to the scene's central motif of a thwarted makeover.
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Killebrew, Zachary. "“A Poor, Washed Out, Pale Creature”: Passing, Dracula, and the Jazz Age Vampire". MELUS 44, nr 3 (2019): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlz023.
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Abstract Although critics have repeatedly referenced the stagey or cinematic elements that characterize Passing’s (1929) narrative structure and occasionally observed its gothic aesthetics, thus far no critic has attempted to contextualize Nella Larsen’s novel within the American stage and film culture of the early twentieth century or the concurrent revitalization of America’s interest in the Gothic in film and theater. Situated primarily in New York and helmed by many of the same individuals, the Harlem and Gothic Renaissances of the interwar years cooperated to reframe racial and aesthetic discourses, as Harlem art absorbed and reimagined gothic art, culture, and slang and imbued Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) and its successors with covert racial commentary. This essay studies Nella Larsen’s Passing within this context, paying special attention to the influence of American racial discourse on Horace Liveright’s 1927 stage version of Dracula and its mutually influential relationship with black theater, art, and discourse. Melding contemporary archetypes of the Jazz Age vamp and gothic vampire to construct its liminal heroine, Clare Kendry, as a gothic figure in the vamp/vampire paradigm, Passing repurposes gothic elements to challenge racial binaries and to destabilize the racist status quo. This study suggests the significant extent to which Harlem Renaissance authors not only adapted the Gothic within their own literature but also reinvented and redefined it in the popular discourses of the twentieth century.
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Jones, Esyllt W. "Contact Across a Diseased Boundary: Urban Space and Social Interaction During Winnipeg’s Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 13, nr 1 (9.02.2006): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031156ar.
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Abstract During the influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 in Winnipeg, several hundred predominantly Anglo-Canadian middle- and upper-class women volunteered to nurse and feed victims of the disease, particularly the poor of the city's north end. The contact between victim and volunteer, north and south, promoted a sense of social order, but was simultaneously unsettling for the women involved and for the broader community. The paper utilizes Mary Louise Pratt's notion of “contact zone” to suggest that the extraordinary qualities of social interaction during the epidemic, when lives normally lived apart intersected, were a source of social tension. This tension was partially resolved through limitations upon who fit the role of volunteer, principles of scientific management and professionalism, and the construction of an ideal feminine heroine. Individual women's volunteerism nevertheless reflected a more ambiguous experience.
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Rimmer, Mary. "Troubling the Tragic Paradigm: Genre and Epigraph in Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles". Journal of Victorian Culture 25, nr 3 (5.05.2020): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcaa011.
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Abstract The rarely discussed epigraph to Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the d’Urbervilles – ‘Poor wounded name! My bosom as a bed | Shall lodge thee’ – at first seems an odd choice. Tess is usually read as a tragedy; the epigraph’s source, Shakespeare’s The Two Gentlemen of Verona, is a comedy. The speaker of these lines in the play is a woman, the ‘wounded name’ a man’s, and the immediate context one of erotic playfulness as Julia tears up Proteus’s love letter and then tenderly gathers up the fragments. Yet the apparent mismatch works, because it gestures towards both the generic instability of Two Gentlemen, and the novel’s own unstable genre. Hardy recurrently raises the question of how Tess Durbeyfield’s story should be read. Tess’s ‘fall’ is at different times and for different people a fatal blot on her prospects, a venial error, and material for an amusing or satirical story. Novel and heroine hover between genres; generic interpretations are complicated by gender and class. Early reviewers who refused to read Tess as a tragedy may seem wrong-headed and puritanical in hindsight, but they were in some ways more alive to the novel’s generic slippages than many later readers. Hardy at once invokes and unsettles generic models, in his choice of epigraph and throughout the book.
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Studniarz, Sławomir. "The poetics of space in the stories A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning". Tekstualia 1, nr 44 (4.01.2016): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4191.
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The article explores the organization of space in two stories by William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily and Barn Burning. The analysis of spatial arrangements in both texts relies on the insights into the nature of literary space provided by Jurij Lotman, Janusz Sławiński, and Garbiel Zoran. In particular, Lotman’s notion of spatial relations as a topos modeling other, non-spatial ideas, Sławiński’s concept of „added–on senses” conveyed by the fi ctional space, and Zoran’s two methods of reconstructing space in a narrative, chronotopic and topographic, have proved especially useful and effective. In A Rose for Emily spatial relations model social relations, the contrast between the traditional South and the new South, as well as personal relations, showing the position of the heroine, Emily Grierson, in the community of Jefferson. In addition, Emily’s house serves as a means of illustrating the protagonist. In Barn Burning space appears largely as a challenge for the young protagonist, Sarty, and triggers his personal and moral growth. Two localities are the most important in this respect, the store in which the trial is taking place, and the magnifi cent residence of major de Spain. Furthermore, spatial relations in the story model the contrast between the poor and the rich in the American South.
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Abdulridha, Ghufran Amer, i Isra Hashim Taher. "Angela Carter’s The Magic Toyshop". Al-Adab Journal 3, nr 143 (15.12.2022): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i143.3936.
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The charming world of fairy tales used to be, for many ages, the favorite world for readers of fiction. Until the moment, these magical tales, their adventurous journeys, and happy endings provide a vital source of enchanting entertainment. Throughout her literary career, Angela Carter (1940-1992), a contemporary British novelist and a short story writer, shows interest in the employment of fairy tales in her works, producing what is called modern fairy tales. Her rewriting of these tales rendered her a remarkable woman advocate who calls for women’s legitimate rights and an appreciation and a recognition of their active position in societies, things that men enjoy and always receive. This paper tackles The Magic Toyshop (1967), Carter’s second novel. It discusses the fate of its young heroine, Melanie, and her siblings, Jonathan and Victoria, who have become orphans by the death of their parents in a plane crash while in America. Melanie journeys from her middle-class luxurious house to Uncle Phillip’s poor house located in South London. Like Cinderella, the orphan girl dreams of being a bride and marrying a handsome man while suffering under the oppression of a stepfather, Uncle Phillip. Unlike her, Melanie will be shocked to meet a different version of Prince Charming of her imagination.
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Park, Chai Soon, Mi Seon Mun, Gin Hee Hong i Jeoung Eun Lee. "Health Risk Behaviors Affecting the Process of Pregnancy". Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 6, nr 4 (28.12.2000): 549–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2000.6.4.549.
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Comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to determine 1) selected risk factors and its impact that affect pregnancy outcome such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance abuse 2) these factors can facilitate future strategies for health promotion and prevention for both pregnant women and fetus. Review of literature were extracted from searching MEDLINE(1966 - Oct. 2000). CINAHL (1982 - Oct. 2000) and the domestic literature.The following factors were identified: 1. The effects of risk behaviors on pregnancy.Maternal smoking was associated with the occurrence of premature or LBW delivery, fetal growth retardation, extremities defects, heart defects and sudden infant death syndrome.Maternal alcohol consumption was associated with spontaneous abortion, premature or LBW delivery, morphologic/neurologic problems, especially fetal alcohol syndrome.Heroin was associated with withdrawal after birth in which were born to heroine addicts for gestational age and lung maturation in animal studies.Cocaine was associated with spontaneous abortion, abruptio placenta and a poor response to environmental stimuli.So far, the effects of caffeine on pregnancy was controversial, but severe caffeine consumption was associated with premature or LBW delivery, spontaneous abortion, still birth and dystocia.2. Intervention methods and its effects identified were as follows Conducted intervention for smoking, alcohol and drug consumption were single or combined.Intervention methods were counseling, phone contact, mailing, use of educational videotape, booklet, support person and alternatives such as nicotine patch.The interventions increased the rates of smoking cessation during pregnancy and awareness of the risk of drug consumption, and decreased amount of alcohol consumption.The intervention outcome found positive effect on birth weight and length.3. Our recommendations were as follows The personal and social cognition should be enhanced through education and the mass media.It's necessary to educate and give information of preconceptional care, planned pregnancy and early prenatal care for optimal pregnancy outcome.It's necessary to develop comprehensive assessment tool which is reliable and valid on smoking, alcohol consumption and substance abuse to identify supportive or interventional program.
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Woldeamanuel, Berhanu Teshome, Leul Mekonnen Anteneh, Yordanos Berihun Yohannes i Merga Abdissa Aga. "Assessment of Exposure to Sexually Explicit Materials and Substance Abuse among High-School Adolescents in North Shewa Zone: Application of Logistic Regression Analysis". Journal of Addiction 2020 (11.05.2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8105087.
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Background. The use of substances such as cigarettes, khat, alcohol, and other illicit drugs like hashish, heroine, cannabis, and cocaine is a global major public threat, which affects young adult people particularly in developing countries. This study aims to assess the risk factors associated with substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents in north Shewa zone, Oromia region. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents in North Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, using a structured self-administered questionnaire adapted from the 2008 “Community That Care Youth Survey” for adolescent substance use and problem behaviors. The study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis to identify the significant factors associated with substance use and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high school adolescents in the study area. Result. The prevalence of lifetime and current substance use was 47.7% (95% CI: 0.427, 0.527) and 30.4% (95% CI: 0.258, 0.350), respectively. 17.8% use khat in their life and 16.6% used khat in the past 30 days; 42.2% ever used alcohol and 26.1% currently uses alcohol; 4.8% and 4.5% used cigarette in lifetime and in the past 30 days, while 16.4% use other illicit drugs in lifetime and 8.4% use illicit drugs in the past 30 days, respectively. Distributions of substance use by sex indicate that male adolescents are more like likely 61.1% use substances than females. While, the prevalence of exposure to sexually explicit materials among high school adolescents was 35.8% (95% CI: 0.310, 0.406). Factors positively associated with increased substance use were being male (OR = 2.334, 95% CI: 1.549, 9.926), living through high level of family conflict (OR = 6.25, 95% CI: 1.745, 10.00), poor family management OR = 27.084, 95% CI: 1.624, 45.56), peer pressure (OR = 12.882, 95% CI: 1.882, 88.153), poor academic performance (OR = 14.48, 95% CI: 1.290, 162.58), and low school commitment (OR = 11.951, 95% CI: 1.418, 100.73). While, being male (OR = 7.52, 95% CI: 2.611, 21.739), age 14–16 (OR = 0.201, 95% CI: 0.071, 0.565), friends watch/read sexually explicit materials (OR = 5.376, 95% CI: 1.010, 28.571), and khat chewing (OR = 12.5, 95% CI: 2.924, 25.632) were factors significantly associated with high-school adolescents exposure to sexually explicit materials. Conclusion. The magnitude of prevalence for substance uses and exposure to sexually explicit materials in the study area was still higher. Therefore, interventions that focus on family management, peer pressure, and school commitment are required to decrease the prevalence of substance uses and exposure to sexually explicit materials among high-school adolescents.
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Knopf, Alison. "Study: NSDUH poor judge of heroin use". Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly 33, nr 11 (13.03.2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adaw.33000.
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Meshesha, Lidia Z., Judith I. Tsui, Jane M. Liebschutz, Denise Crooks, Bradley J. Anderson, Debra S. Herman i Michael D. Stein. "Days of heroin use predict poor self-reported health in hospitalized heroin users". Addictive Behaviors 38, nr 12 (grudzień 2013): 2884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.002.
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Ivanovski, Trajche, Ana María Espino Ibañez, Bernardino Barcelo Martin i Isabel Gomila Muñiz. "Acute extensive myelopathy after single heroin and cocaine exposure in a patient with toxicological evidence of long-term drug abstinence". BMJ Case Reports 12, nr 3 (marzec 2019): e228335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2018-228335.
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Heroin-related myelopathy is an uncommon but often devastating complication of heroin intake. It is usually reported in individuals exposed to intravenous heroin after a variable drug-free period, leading to acute and complete spinal cord injury with poor long-term outcome. We describe an original case of acute longitudinally extensive transverse myelopathy following single heroin and cocaine intravenous exposure after a long period of abstinence confirmed by toxicological hair and retrospective urine drug analysis. This case could provide new insights in the understanding of this rare neurological complication.
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SENBANJO, RICHARD, KIM WOLFF, E. JANE MARSHALL i JOHN STRANG. "Persistence of heroin use despite methadone treatment: Poor coping self-efficacy predicts continued heroin use". Drug and Alcohol Review 28, nr 6 (27.04.2009): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00064.x.
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Hunter, Mark. "Heroin hustles: Drugs and the laboring poor in South Africa". Social Science & Medicine 265 (listopad 2020): 113329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113329.
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Knight, Kelly R., Marsha Rosenbaum, Margaret S. Kelley, Jeanette Irwin, Allyson Washburn i Lynn Wenger. "Defunding the Poor: The Impact of Lost access to Subsidized Methadone Maintenance Treatment on Women Injection Drug Users". Journal of Drug Issues 26, nr 4 (październik 1996): 923–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600411.
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Qualitative data from women defunded from a subsidized methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program were analyzed to determine the impact of defunding on the women and their dependents. Women attested to the efficacy of MMT in creating a stable environment in which their illicit drug use was eliminated or controlled; they were able to decrease their participation in illicit activities and pursue further employment and educational goals. When defunding occurred women employed a variety of strategies including family borrowing, welfare funds, and illicit activities to remain on private MMT programs. The result of these payment strategies was often a premature detoxification from MMT due to unpaid clinic bills. Many women returned to heroin use to alleviate withdrawal symptoms from methadone detoxification. This return to heroin use was also accompanied by increased illicit activities. Defunded women reported severe emotional and financial destabilization as a result of lost access to subsidized methadone maintenance treatment.
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Sellers, E. M. "Will Heroin Improve Pain Management?" Journal of Palliative Care 1, nr 1 (marzec 1985): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/082585978500100108.
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The debate on the legalization of heroin has focussed attention on the broader issue of pain management of cancer. Clinicians in palliative care should be aware that poor pain management is related primarily to lack of knowledge, appropriate skills and attitudes, and health care resources. The availability of heroin will not improve these. The need is for research about pain and alternative drugs and dosage forms and the variables affecting efficacy. Professional and public education about pain management is essential.
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Boutwell, MD, MPP, Amy E., Ank Nijhawan, MD, Nickolas Zaller, PhD i Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH. "Arrested on heroin: A national opportunity". Journal of Opioid Management 3, nr 6 (1.11.2007): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2007.0021.
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Objectives: Heroin addiction in the United States exacts significant social, economic, medical, and public health costs, estimated at almost $22 billion in 1996. The national drug control strategy of arrest and mandatory sentencing of drug offenders over the past two decades has resulted in ever greater numbers of drug users who encounter the criminal justice system each year. No estimate of heroin use among the US incarcerated population exists. The authors attempted to estimate the proportion of heroin-using individuals who pass through the corrections system annually to determine the potential impact of interventions designed to link heroin-using individuals to addiction treatment.Methods: The authors constructed an estimate by employing the following elements: arrestee drug-testing data, total number of arrests, an estimate of the mean annual number of arrests in a drug-using population, estimates of arrestees incarcerated, and estimates of heroin use and addiction in the US population. The authors present each component of the estimate and how it was derived, and conclude by discussing the degree of uncertainty in the estimates and the implications of our results for policy makers.Results: Using a conservative estimate, the authors found that 24 percent to 36 percent of all heroin addicts pass through the corrections system each year, representing more than 200,000 individuals.Conclusions: Viewed as a public health opportunity, effective linkage to addiction treatment could ultimately reduce the costs associated with poor health, disease transmission, criminality, and recidivism that heroin use exacts on individuals and communities.
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Ameti, Lirije. "THE PORTRAIT OF THE AMERICAN WOMAN IN MARGARET MITCHELL'S NOVEL "GONE WITH THE WIND"". KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, nr 6 (5.06.2019): 1749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31061749a.
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This theme, The Portrait of the American Woman in Margaret Mitchell's Novel " Gone With The Wind " is broad, challenging, interesting and among many contradictory to one another's point of view, at different social grounds , periods of time simply or merely of the fact that a female writer of this tremendous saga read mostly by women represents multi dimensional themes. It is an interweave of tradition, history , war, social classes, Reconstruction, transition and more. All these and many other themes written with a masterful disciplined imagination put in the longest novel in history. A masterpiece of 1037 pages published in 1939 and subsequently in the greatest and longest motion picture on screen. Piling up records and building it's own history and legends. The novel has sold in more than 25 million copies in at least 27 languages in thirty countries and in more than 185 editions according to the research conducted in 2004. These figures continue to increase, not to mention that the film is seen by more individuals than the total population of the USA. GWTW has grown and conflated into a phenomenon of American and later into a phenomenon of levels of basic appreciation after international popular culture. Thus criticism was attested at the levels of basic appreciation , often in the opposite poles of love and /or hate , the evaluation again in bipolar terms of praise and / or scorn. On the popular level the book was lauded and in the literary world it was defamed. Mitchell's novel " Gone With The Wind " was seen as important symbols of American culture forces. A serious biography in 1965 sparked reconsiderations simply by the assumption of Mitchell's importance as a writer. Other re- evaluations followed which asserted the literary quality of the work, notably in feminist terms. Attesting the qualities that critics wrote such as Michener who said: " The spiritual history of a region". Many other scholarly papers have been undertaken to attack it and completed to praise it. Because of the enormous popularity , readability , embodiment of the heroine woman character Scarlett O'Hara with many other women who saw themselves in those situations or experienced the same then or even nowadays. These multi themes to discuss about, issues primarily of women, the novel is defined as a woman's literary artistic achievement, seen through the eyes off a woman Scarlett herself and many other women characters. Is seen the distinction of the past and present of the old and new society. Mitchell herself says it is about courage and gumption to change as a necessity in order to survive war, reconstruction and transition. The search of survival by poor and nearly defeated young women who had no control or capacity to understand these tensions. Indeed this novel has become an icon of the US culture.
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Sarkissians, S., A. Hauson, N. Stelmach, A. Walker, A. Pollard, B. Barlet, M. Hall i S. Wollman. "A-09 Attention in individuals with Heroin dependence measured by digit span versus continuous performance test". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, nr 6 (25.07.2019): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.09.
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Abstract Objective Heroin dependent individuals appear to have significant deficits in attention which can be assessed using digit span forward (DSF) or the continuous performance test (CPT). The current meta-analysis examined differences between DSF and CPT results in studies of heroin dependent participants. Data selection Two researchers independently searched nine databases (e.g., PsycINFO, Pubmed, ProceedingsFirst), extracted required data, and calculated effect sizes. Inclusion criteria identified studies that had (a) compared heroin-dependent groups to healthy controls and (b) matched groups on either age, education, or IQ (at least 2 out of 3). Studies were excluded if participants were reported to have Axis I diagnoses (other than heroin dependence) or comorbidities known to impact neuropsychological functioning. Ten articles were coded and analyzed for the current study. Data synthesis When examined together, DSF and CPT evidenced a moderate and statistically significant effect size estimate (g = 0.614, p = .002). Subgroup analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups (Q-Between = 0.228, p = 0.633). The effect size for DSF was g = 0.535 (p = 0.001) and for CPT was g = 0.774 (p = 0.104). The heterogeneity of DSF was in the moderate range, I2 = 71.291%, p = 0.002 while the heterogeneity of CPT was in the large range I2 = 97.863%, p = 0.001. Conclusion Heroin dependent individuals appear to demonstrate similarly poor performance on DSF and CPT. Assuming that both tests measure the same construct, both appear to be sensitive to the effect of Heroin on attention.
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Mahintamani, Tathagata, Abhishek Ghosh i Rajeev Jain. "Serious health threats of novel adulterants of the street heroin: a report from India during the COVID-19 pandemic". BMJ Case Reports 14, nr 8 (sierpień 2021): e242239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-242239.
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The COVID-19 pandemic and a consequent nationwide lockdown in India for several weeks had restricted the access to street heroin and treatment for substance abuse. Use of cutting agents to increase the volume or psychoactive effect has been widely practised under such circumstances. Our patient with opioid use disorder chased heroin with an unknown cutting agent to enhance psychoactive effect from the limited quantities of heroin. He suffered from an abrupt onset sedation, weakness, postural imbalance, slurred speech, cognitive dysfunctions and disinhibited behaviour. Symptoms rapidly reversed following abstinence and initiation of buprenorphine–naloxone. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of the adulterant revealed high concentrations of benzodiazepines and barbiturates, alongside the usual cutting agents—caffeine and acetaminophen. Abrupt reduction in availability of ‘street drugs’ in conjunction with poor healthcare access can lead to the use of novel adulterants with potentially serious clinical and public health implications.
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Roy, Srijani, Diptadhi Mukherjee, Tathagata Mahintamani, Partha Pratim Daimary i Hemanta Dutta. "The sociodemographic profile and the challenges associated with treatment and rehabilitation in female heroin users: A case series from Northeast India". Indian Journal of Psychiatry 66, nr 4 (kwiecień 2024): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_956_23.
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Females with opioid use disorder (OUD) rarely seek help for addiction. We present a series of seven females with OUD attending a tertiary care addiction treatment setting in Assam between December 2022 to August 2023. Most of the patients were primary-educated, young adults, housewives, from lower to middle socioeconomic strata, and were residents of rural or semi-urban areas. All were married, and around half of them were separated. All the patients were dependent on heroin and tobacco. Five of them initiated heroin use while modeling their spouse. Three patients were injecting heroin, and one was seropositive with both HCV and HIV. Five patients received sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone, and three of them followed up subsequently. Financial difficulty, poor family support, and intimate partner violence were major challenges for treatment-seeking and regular follow-up. This case series highlights the need for systematic study and gender-responsive care of females with OUD in Assam.
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Sparks, Tabitha. "WORKING-CLASS SUBJECTIVITY IN MARGARET HARKNESS'SA CITY GIRL". Victorian Literature and Culture 45, nr 3 (25.08.2017): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150317000092.
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One of the obvious strengthsof Margaret Harkness's 1887 novelA City Girlis its comprehensive visual record of London's East End. Harkness depicts Whitechapel's geography and public and residential spaces with an authority derived, as we know, from her voluntary residence in the Katharine Buildings, thinly disguised in the novel as the Charlotte Buildings. The Katherine Buildings were a block of apartments for working class tenants built by the East End Dwelling Company; Harkness lived in them for a few months in 1887 and was one of a wave of middle-class women who ventured into such residences, sometimes as employees (“lady rent collectors”) and sometimes, as with Harkness and her cousin Beatrice Potter (later Webb) as writers determined to document in fictional or non-fictional form the conditions in which the poor lived. Harkness's first-hand experience and descriptive acuity has inspired some rich and productive scholarship onA City Girl, which in the form of two scholarly editions (one recent and one forthcoming) is the subject of a modest renaissance. From a literary perspective, most scholars have grappled with the novel's generic affiliation, describing it variously as a New Woman novel, a socialist novel, a sentimental novel, and an example of English naturalism. Some of these critics – principally John Goode and Rob Breton – combine a study of the novel's generic signs with historical attention to Socialism, one of Harkness's many ambivalent and abbreviated political and institutional affiliations in the 1880s and 90s; they use the literary lens of genre study to better understand the author's political consciousness in the context of late-Victorian reform politics. Pursuing another horizon of inquiry, I turn away from the novel's documentary evidence and generic and political loyalties to its elusive but revealing study of artistic representation. It is not the sociological or political milieu of Harkness's East End heroine, Nelly Ambrose, that interests me, but the link that Harkness establishes between Nelly's impoverished mind and her impoverished world, which I read principally through her unfamiliarity with narrative representation. Harkness sustains two discrete perspectives inA City Girl: Nelly experiences the world in episodic moments, and her inability to shape these moments into a purposeful or predictive sequence makes her effectively powerless to control the events that shape her life. Her distance from a narrative consciousness alerts us to the second perspective in the novel which might otherwise escape special notice: the narrative realism thatA City Girlparticipates in, that the experience of reading the novel activates, and that is self-consciously followed by Arthur Grant, Nelly's seducer. Arthur's class-based narrative advantage over Nelly enables him to write the story of their affair and control its outcome much in the way that the readers ofA City Girlhave worked to make sense of Nelly's detached and inexpressive character, and have often made their own determinations about the novel's ending. The medium of the novel's hostility to Nelly's particular kind of consciousness is a metaliterary reflection, then, of the subjugation by narrative disadvantage that we see play out in the story.
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Pomini, Valeria, Rossetos Gournellis, Anna Kokkevi, Vlassis Tomaras, George Papadimitriou i John Liappas. "Rejection Attitudes, Poor Parental Bonding, and Stressful Life Events in Heroin Addicts’ Families". Substance Use & Misuse 49, nr 14 (16.05.2014): 1867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2014.913629.
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Wylie, Sadie C., Christopher Cullum i Robert Brarens. "Considerations in the Diagnosis and Management of Lower-Extremity Infections in Injection Heroin Users: A Case Series". Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 109, nr 6 (1.11.2019): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/17-159.
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Background: On a national level, heroin-related hospital admissions have reached an all-time high. With the foot being the fourth most common injection site, heroin-related lower-extremity infections have become more prevalent owing to many factors, including drug preparation, injection practices, and unknown additives. Methods: We present a 16-month case series in which eight patients with lower-extremity infections secondary to heroin abuse presented to The Jewish Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. Results: Three cases of osteomyelitis were seen. All of the infections were cultured and yielded a wide array of microbes, including Staphyloccoccus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Serratia, Prevotella, and Eikenella. All of the patients were treated with intravenous antibiotic agents, with nearly all receiving combination therapy. Seven of the eight patients underwent surgery during their hospital stay, with two undergoing amputation. Only half of the patients followed up after discharge. Conclusions: This case series brings to light many considerations in the diagnosis and management of the heroin user, including multivariable attenuation of immunity, existing predisposition to infection backed by unsterile drug preparation and injection practices, innocuous presentation of deep infections, microbial spectrum, and recommendations on antimicrobial intervention, noncompliance, and poor follow-up. By having greater knowledge in unique considerations of diagnosis and treatment, more efficient care can be provided to this unique patient population.
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Hsu, Wen-Yu, Nan-Ying Chiu, Jui-Ting Liu, Chieh-Hui Wang, Ting-Gang Chang, Yi-Cheng Liao i Pei-I. Kuo. "Sleep quality in heroin addicts under methadone maintenance treatment". Acta Neuropsychiatrica 24, nr 6 (grudzień 2012): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00628.x.
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Hsu W-Y, Chiu N-Y, Liu J-T, Wang C-H, Chang T-G, Liao Y-C, Kuo P-I. Sleep quality in heroin addicts under methadone maintenance treatment.Background: Sleep disturbance is a common phenomenon among opiate addicts. The side effects of opiate addiction or opiate withdrawal might result in sleep disturbance. However, their problems might be related to sedative medication abuse, alcohol abuse or heroin relapse. Sleep is an important issue in this population.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorders in heroin addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and analyse the correlation between related factors, such as age at opiate exposure, opiate exposure duration, duration in MMT, methadone current dosage, methadone attendance rate and the severity of sleep disorders.Method: We enrolled 121 heroin addicts who were receiving MMT. We collected data on the duration of insomnia, hypnotic history, Visual Analogue Scale-10 of sleep quality, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), methadone dosage, methadone history and opiate history.Results: The mean of the PSQI was 9.1 ± 5.4, and 70.2% of patients had PSQI scores >5, indicating they were poor sleepers. We also found the PSQI scores were correlated significantly with the methadone dosage.Conclusions: The sleep disturbance prevalence rate of opiate addicts under MMT was high in Taiwan, as shown in the previous studies, and the severity of sleep disturbance has been underestimated.
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Jordan, James B., i Xiang Tu. "Advances in Heroin Addiction Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Systematic Review of Recent Chinese Language Journals". American Journal of Chinese Medicine 36, nr 03 (styczeń 2008): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x08005886.
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The aim of this review is to critically examine the clinical trial research on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) as an intervention in treating heroin addiction in People's Republic of China. This review examines Chinese-language-only publications for the patent medicines: Shenfu Tuodu, Fukang Pian, and Shifu Sheng. Other compound medicines will be reviewed in future publications. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in Western and Chinese databases. Most trials were excluded because they did not declare randomization and had poor methodology or reporting. The majority of clinical evidence in the random controlled trials demonstrates good evidence for TCM patent medicines in heroin addiction treatment. When compared to typical Western medications, TCMs demonstrate fewer side-effects, in addition to equal measures of treatment efficacy and safety.
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Dazord, A., A. Mino, D. Page i B. Broers. "Patients on methadone maintenance treatment in Geneva". European Psychiatry 13, nr 5 (sierpień 1998): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(98)80011-4.
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SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of heroin dependent patients before and 1 year after the start of methadone maintenance treatment. Subjects were patients (n = 102) requesting treatment in a public methadone maintenance programme in Geneva (Switzerland). This was a prospective follow-up study using a validated questionnaire (SQLP). The SQLP was well accepted by patients and staff. Validity of the questionnaire was reconfirmed in this population. Compared to previously studied populations, the quality of life of heroin dependent patients before start of treatment was poor. More than half the patients were still in treatment after 1 year and their quality of life had clearly improved, in most domains. Like many of their peers in the psychiatric field, the patients had high initial expectations. Expectations decreased significantly over time. It was found that the higher were the initial expectations, the poorer was the quality of life after 1 year. The quality of life of heroin abusers requesting treatment is mediocre, and improved considerably after 1 year of comprehensive methadone maintenance treatment. Quality of life evaluation is feasible in this population and can offer an additional evaluation of quality of substance abuse treatment.
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Moe, Jessica, Jesse Godwin, Roy Purssell, Fiona O'Sullivan, Jeffrey P. Hau, Elizabeth Purssell, Jason Curran i in. "Naloxone dosing in the era of ultra-potent opioid overdoses: a systematic review". CJEM 22, nr 2 (20.01.2020): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.471.
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ABSTRACTObjectivesEvaluate the relationship between naloxone dose (initial and cumulative) and opioid toxicity reversal and adverse events in undifferentiated and presumed fentanyl/ultra-potent opioid overdoses.MethodsWe searched Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, DARE, CINAHL, Science Citation Index, reference lists, toxicology websites, and conference proceedings (1972 to 2018). We included interventional, observational, and case studies/series reporting on naloxone dose and opioid toxicity reversal or adverse events in people >12 years old.ResultsA total of 174 studies (110 case reports/series, 57 observational, 7 interventional) with 26,660 subjects (median age 35 years; 74% male). Heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Where reported, we abstracted naloxone dose and proportion of patients with toxicity reversal. Among patients with presumed exposure to fentanyl/ultra-potent opioids, 56.9% (617/1,085) responded to an initial naloxone dose ≤0.4 mg compared with 80.2% (170/212) of heroin users, and 30.4% (7/23) responded to an initial naloxone dose >0.4 mg compared with 59.1% (1,434/2,428) of heroin users. Among patients who responded, median cumulative naloxone doses were higher for presumed fentanyl/ultra-potent opioids than heroin overdoses in North America, both before 2015 (fentanyl/ultra-potent opioids: 1.8 mg [interquartile interval {IQI}, 1.0, 4.0]; heroin: 0.8 mg [IQI, 0.4, 0.8]) and after 2015 (fentanyl/ultra-potent opioids: 3.4 mg [IQI, 3.0, 4.1]); heroin: 2 mg [IQI, 1.4, 2.0]). Where adverse events were reported, 11% (490/4,414) of subjects experienced withdrawal. Variable reporting, heterogeneity and poor-quality studies limit conclusions.ConclusionsPractitioners have used higher initial doses, and in some cases higher cumulative naloxone doses to reverse toxicity due to presumed fentanyl/ultra-potent opioid exposure compared with other opioids. High-quality comparative naloxone dosing studies assessing effectiveness and safety are needed.
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Yen, Yao-Te, Yu-Syuan Lin, Ting-Yueh Chen, San-Chong Chyueh i Huan-Tsung Chang. "Carbon dots functionalized papers for high-throughput sensing of 4-chloroethcathinone and its analogues in crime sites". Royal Society Open Science 6, nr 9 (11.09.2019): 191017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191017.
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Sensitive and selective assays are demanded for quantitation of new psychoactive substances such as 4-chloroethcathinone that is a π-conjugated keto compound. Carbon dots (C-dots) prepared from L-arginine through a hydrothermal route have been used for quantitation of 4-chloroethcathinone in aqueous solution and on C-dot-functionalized papers (CDFPs). To prepare CDFPs, chromatography papers, each with a pattern of 8 × 12 circles (wells), are first fabricated through a solid-ink printing method and then the C-dots are coated into the wells. π-Conjugated keto or ester compounds induce photoluminescence quenching of C-dots through an electron transfer process. At pH 7.0, the CDFPs allow screening of abused drugs such as cocaine, heroin and cathinones. Because of poor solubility of heroin and cocaine at pH 11.0, the C-dot probe is selective for cathinones. The C-dots in aqueous solution and CDFPs at pH 11.0 allow quantitation of 4-chloroethcathinone down to 1.73 mM and 0.14 mM, respectively. Our sensing system consisting of a portable UV-lamp, a smartphone and a low-cost CDFP has been used to detect cathinones, cocaine and heroin at pH 7.0, showing its potential for screening of these drugs in crime sites.
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Moghaddam, Emma, Edward Lichtenshtein, Sima Patel, Nikhil Rana, Rohan Rana i Alan R. Hirsch. "61 Heroin Dependence as an Enantiopathy to Quetiapine-Induced Restless Leg Syndrome". CNS Spectrums 24, nr 1 (luty 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852919000476.
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AbstractIntroductionUse of heroin in self-management of Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) has not heretofore been described. Such a case is presented.MethodsCase study: This 29 years old right handed male presented with a long history of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and opioid dependence. The Patient felt compelled to take quetiapine since was the only drug found to be effective in controlling racing thoughts, Major Depressive Disorder with psychotic features. Prior to use of quetiapine the patient never experienced RLS. Quetiapine in doses ranging from 25mg to 300mg a day precipitated severe RLS whereby he was forced to move his leg all night long leading to poor sleep quality. The RLS was unresponsive to Gabapentin and Benztropine, however it was eliminated with a variety of opioids including hydrocodone, buprenorphine, buprenorphine/naloxone. Particularly sensitive to heroin, 1/2 twenty dollar bag, self-administered IV prior to sleep eliminated the RLS immediately, but when injected more than four hours before sleep it had no effect. RLS acted only when induced with quetiapine, since he wished to continue quetiapine to control his mood, he felt compelled to self-medicate with heroin to stop RLS side effects. He showed no other signs of extrapyramidal symptomatology or evidence of any other movement disorder.ResultsAbnormalities in physical examination: General: Abundance of tattoos on body and face. Cranial Nerve (CN): CN I: Alcohol Sniff Test: 7cm (anosmia). CN II: Anisocoria OD 5mm OS 2mm. Motor Examination: drift testing: right pronator drift. Cerebellar: Finger to Nose: end point dysmetria bilaterally. Low amplitude high frequency tremor in both upper extremities on extension. Sensory Examination: decreased graphesthesia in both upper extremities. Reflexes: 3+ knee jerks, absent ankle jerks, positive jaw jerk, bilateral palmomental reflex is present.DiscussionThis patient has a long history of quetiapine use due to his major depressive disorder with psychotic features and subsequent self-administration of IV heroin reportedly to reduce the symptoms of quetiapine-induced RLS. Heroin elevates dopamine levels in forebrain by blocking inhibitory GABA interneurons near the ventral tegmental area, leading to activation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neurons (Nakagawa 2008, Steidl 2011). The time frame of opioid administration has a critical impact on its efficacy in improving RLS symptoms. However, the drug’s effects only up to 3 to 6hours (Buchfuhrer 2012). In this case administration of heroin more than 4hours before sleep would not alleviate the RLS symptoms. Patient chose the time of injection, not for hedonic pleasure of heroin, but rather to prevent RLS symptoms. In those with heroin dependence, the possibility that is a result of self-medication of underlying movement disorder warrants additional investigation. In those with RLS who are unresponsive to other treatment modalities, a trial of opioids maybe worthwhile.
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Jones, Miriam. "“THE USUAL SAD CATASTROPHE”: FROM THE STREET TO THE PARLOR INADAM BEDE". Victorian Literature and Culture 32, nr 2 (wrzesień 2004): 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150304000518.
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A shocking child murder has just been committed at Nottingham. A girl named Wragg left the workhouse there on Saturday morning with her young illegitimate child. The child was soon afterwards found dead on Mapperly Hills, having been strangled. Wragg is in custody.—Matthew ArnoldTHE ONLY SURPRISING THINGabout the above concise narrative is its location, not in a broadside or newspaper, but in Matthew Arnold's “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” (1865). Six years after the publication of George Eliot'sAdam Bede, Matthew Arnold finds, or postulates, an “infanticidal woman” named “Wragg” and uses her as a symbol of all that is imperfect in Great Britain. He offers her in answer to the “retarding and vulgarising” (21) self-satisfaction he sees about him, the falsity, jingoism, and hyperbole of politics. But he is not using her as a symbol of the oppressed, ground under by those politics; rather, she represents the dreary reality that gives lie to the nationalist smugness of the Philistines, both of which necessitate the role of the critic. And the first thing upon which he focuses, rather than her actions, is her name: “Wragg! If we are to talk of ideal perfection, of ‘the best in the whole world,’ has any one reflected what a touch of grossness in our race, what an original shortcoming in the more delicate spiritual perceptions, is shown by the natural growth amongst us of such hideous names. Higginbottom, Stiggins, Bugg!” (23–24). Her worst crime, it becomes apparent, is being plebian: of being, in fact, poor. Her next is a consequent lack of taste: “And ‘our unrivalled happiness;’–what an element of grimness, bareness, and hideousness mixes with it and blurs it; the workhouse, the dismal Mapperly Hills,–how dismal those who have seen them will remember;–the gloom, the smoke, the cold, the strangled illegitimate child!” (24). Eliot's Hetty Sorrel has a much prettier name, and for most of the narrative her surroundings are bucolic. Eliot, however, is no more a Romantic than Arnold. She reacts against the stock sentimental image of the “infanticidal woman” as victim, and while at first glance Hetty Sorrel may seem a prototype, or rather, a culmination, of the outcast wanderer figure so common in both Romantic texts and popular literature, she is nevertheless part of the same field of representation as Arnold's wretched Wragg. Eliot's biographer Frederick Karl makes direct comparison between her elitism and that of Matthew Arnold (423); in fact, he draws a series of comparisons throughout the volume. A sense of beleaguered conservatism, a nostalgic nationalism, and anxiety about the laboring classes and working-class sexuality as a troubling marker of that worrisome group, all come together in the figures of both Wragg and Hetty. Eliot's text is not sentimental. It reinterprets the familiar wrenching tale of the abandoned woman, alone on her doomed journey, but with close attention to realistic psychological detail. Hetty is simultaneously the beautiful heroine of the folkloric ballad, the lonely outcast of Romantics such as Wordsworth, and the temptress and even murderess of the lurid “good nights” sold on the street, but she is transmogrified by the parameters of the realist novel and fixed, like a specimen ready for study, by Eliot's avowedly dispassionate eye.
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Janićević-Ivanovska, Danijela, Aneta Spasovska-Trajkovska, Branko Stefanovski, Slavica Subeska-Stratrova i Jasmina Jovcevska. "The Importance of Vanillylmandelic Acid Determination in Opiate Users". Journal of Medical Biochemistry 28, nr 3 (1.07.2009): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-009-0015-x.
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The Importance of Vanillylmandelic Acid Determination in Opiate UsersAlthough knowledge about the etiology of heroin dependence is rather poor, it is known that the influence of opiates on the opioid, adrenergic and indirectly of GABA on the dopaminergic receptors leads to changes of catecholamine levels in brain structures, which are supposed to be essential in explaining the etiology of the opioid dependence. It is well-known that by analyzing catecholamine, we get vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), which is found in the urine as a final product. Thus, by an indirect determination of VMA it is also possible to define the catecholamine concentration in the brain, which is the aim of this study. This prospective study included 51 dependent heroin users divided into 3 groups, depending on the length of the medical treatment with a conventional detox method (without treatment, second day of the treatment, and after the 10th day of treatment) as well as a control group consisting of 20 healthy subjects. We used the Pissano method chromatographic-spectrophotometric determination - for estimating the level of vanillylmandelic acid, and a scale for defining the severity of symptoms of the withdrawal syndrome (WS). The results showed that the highest average values of the urinary level of VMA were found in the subjects in withdrawal crisis with a high WS scale score in comparison with the other examined groups (statistically significant) as a result of the high adrenergic level. The average score on the scale of depression was high in the subjects in withdrawal crisis where we also found low values of the VMA urinary level. Being aware of the neurobiology of heroin dependence is of great importance for finding new pharmacological treatments for heroin addiction.
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Ma, He, Xin-chang Shi, De-yu Hu i Xue Li. "The poor oral health status of former heroin users treated with methadone in a Chinese city". Medical Science Monitor 18, nr 4 (2012): PH51—PH55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/msm.882611.
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Geng, Puyang, Ningxue Fan, Rong Ling, Hong Guo, Qimeng Lu i Xingwen Chen. "The perception of Mandarin speech conveying communicative functions in Chinese heroin addicts". PLOS ONE 19, nr 2 (23.02.2024): e0299331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299331.
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Drug addiction can cause severe damage to the human brain, leading to significant problems in cognitive processing, such as irritability, speech distortions, and exaggeration of negative stimuli. Speech plays a fundamental role in social interaction, including both the production and perception. The ability to perceive communicative functions conveyed through speech is crucial for successful interpersonal communication and the maintaining good social relationships. However, due to the limited number of previous studies, it remains unclear whether the cognitive disorder caused by drug addiction affects the perception of communicative function conveyed in Mandarin speech. To address this question, we conducted a perception experiment involving sixty male participants, including 25 heroin addicts and 35 healthy controls. The experiment aimed to examine the perception of three communicative functions (i.e., statement, interrogative, and imperative) under three background noise conditions (i.e., no noise, SNR [Signal to Noise Ratio] = 10, and SNR = 0). Eight target sentences were first recorded by two native Mandarin speakers for each of the three communicative functions. Each half was then combined with Gaussian White Noise under two background noise conditions (i.e., SNR = 10 and SNR = 0). Finally, 48 speech stimuli were included in the experiment with four options provided for perceptual judgment. The results showed that, under the three noise conditions, the average perceptual accuracies of the three communicative functions were 80.66% and 38% for the control group and the heroin addicts, respectively. Significant differences were found in the perception of the three communicative functions between the control group and the heroin addicts under the three noise conditions, except for the recognition of imperative under strong noise condition (i.e., SNR = 0). Moreover, heroin addicts showed good accuracy (around 50%) in recognizing imperative and poor accuracy (i.e., lower than the chance level) in recognizing interrogative. This paper not only fills the research gap in the perception of communicative functions in Mandarin speech among drug addicts but also enhances the understanding of the effects of drugs on speech perception and provides a foundation for the speech rehabilitation of drug addicts.
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Le, Tuan Anh, Anh Duc Dang, An Ha Thi Tran, Long Hoang Nguyen, Trang Huyen Thi Nguyen, Hai Thanh Phan, Carl A. Latkin, Bach Xuan Tran, Cyrus S. H. Ho i Roger C. M. Ho. "Factors Associated with Sleep Disorders among Methadone-Maintained Drug Users in Vietnam". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 22 (6.11.2019): 4315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224315.
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Sleep quality among heroin-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is not fully investigated in Vietnam. This study explored the prevalence of poor sleep quality in methadone-maintained patients and associated factors. This cross-sectional included 395 MMT patients at three clinics in Nam Dinh province, Vietnam. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to measure patients’ sleep quality. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, psychological, and social support characteristics were collected. Multivariate Logistic and Generalized Linear Regression models were applied to identify associated factors. Among 395 patients, 26.6% had poor sleep quality according to the PSQI scale. People having jobs were less likely to have poor sleep quality and lower PSQI scores compared to unemployed patients. Those having spouses had lower PSQI scores than single patients. High depression, anxiety, and stress scores were associated with poor sleep quality and high PSQI scores. A longer duration of MMT increased the likelihood of experiencing poor sleep quality. Patients smoking tobacco daily or concurrently using drugs had lower PSQI scores than those that did not. This study highlights a moderate prevalence of poor sleep quality among Vietnamese MMT patients. Regular evaluation, appropriate psychological management, and social support, as well as the provision of employment opportunities, potentially improve the sleep quality of methadone-maintained patients.
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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Reframing the Prevention Strategies of the Opioid Crisis: Focusing on Prescription Opioids, Fentanyl, and Heroin Epidemic". January 2018 1, nr 21;1 (15.07.2018): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.4.309.
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The opioid epidemic has been called the “most consequential preventable public health problem in the United States.” Though there is wide recognition of the role of prescription opioids in the epidemic, evidence has shown that heroin and synthetic opioids contribute to the majority of opioid overdose deaths. It is essential to reframe the preventive strategies in place against the opioid crisis with attention to factors surrounding the illicit use of fentanyl and heroin. Data on opioid overdose deaths shows 42,000 deaths in 2016. Of these, synthetic opioids other than methadone were responsible for over 20,000, heroin for over 15,000, and natural and semisynthetic opioids other than methadone responsible for over 14,000. Fentanyl deaths increased 520% from 2009 to 2016 (increased by 87.7% annually between 2013 and 2016), and heroin deaths increased 533% from 2000 to 2016. Prescription opioid deaths increased by 18% overall between 2009 and 2016. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) mandated reductions in opioid production by 25% in 2017 and 20% in 2018. The number of prescriptions for opioids declined significantly from 252 million in 2013 to 196 million in 2017 (9% annual decline over this period), falling below the number of prescriptions in 2006. In addition, data from 2017 shows significant reductions in the milligram equivalence of morphine by 12.2% and in the number of patients receiving high dose opioids by 16.1%. This manuscript describes the escalation of opioid use in the United States, discussing the roles played by drug manufacturers and distributors, liberalization by the DEA, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), licensure boards and legislatures, poor science, and misuse of evidencebased medicine. Moreover, we describe how the influence of pharma, improper advocacy by physician groups, and the promotion of literature considered peer-reviewed led to the explosive use of illicit drugs arising from the issues surrounding prescription opioids. This manuscript describes a 3-tier approach presented to Congress. Tier 1 includes an aggressive education campaign geared toward the public, physicians, and patients. Tier 2 includes facilitation of easier access to non-opioid techniques and the establishment of a National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Act (NASPER). Finally, Tier 3 focuses on making buprenorphine more available for chronic pain management as well as for medication-assisted treatment. Key words: Opioid epidemic, fentanyl and heroin epidemic, prescription opioids, National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting Act (NASPER), Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)
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Wallace, Diana. "“Our Poor Land of Wales”: National Identity and National Heroism in Women’s Historical Fictions". Women's Writing 24, nr 4 (18.01.2017): 482–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09699082.2016.1268344.
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Friedman, Jennifer, i Laurel D. Graham. "The Skills of Poverty Survival: One Woman's Life and Stories". Humanity & Society 32, nr 4 (listopad 2008): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059760803200404.
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Previous research has determined that American women living in poverty depend upon resources such as kinship networks, employment, and agency assistance in order to get by. However, researchers have not given much attention to the actual skills that enable poor women to access these resources. This paper is a life story-centered ethnography of a woman named “Millie,” a middle-aged, Puerto Rican, dark complexioned, former heroin user who has become an experienced poverty survivor living in a southern U.S. city. By accompanying Millie and talking with her regularly over a ten-year period, the first author, Jennifer Friedman, observed her using four categories of skills (conservation, observation, network-building, and performance), sometimes in illegal ways, to obtain resources. Millie's stories about her life enhance our understanding of these skills while also casting doubt on popular cultural stereotypes about “non-working” poor women.
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Al-Asmari, Ahmed I., Hassan Alharbi i Torki A. Zughaibi. "Post-Mortem Analysis of Heroin Biomarkers, Morphine and Codeine in Stomach Wall Tissue in Heroin-Related Deaths". Toxics 10, nr 8 (14.08.2022): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080473.
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Toxicological analysis of some cases can be complicated by poor sample quality caused by decomposition. Although heroin-related deaths have been researched extensively, the interpretation of toxicology findings in these cases is challenging, especially in instances where blood samples are unavailable. Thus, it is important to develop analytical methods for different sample types. In this study. a method for the quantification of 6-monoacetylmorphine, 6-acetylcodeine, morphine, and codeine in postmortem stomach wall tissue using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. All calibration curves prepared with the stomach wall tissue were linear and ranged from 0.5–1000 ng/g with determination coefficients of >0.99 and a lower limit of quantification of 1.0 ng/g. The coefficients of variation for within-run precision and between-run precision were <9%. Matrix effects of stomach wall tissues and their extraction recoveries were investigated and ranged from −19% to +17% and 76% to 80%, respectively. Among the 16 analyzed heroin-related death cases, 6-monoacetylmorphine, 6-acetylcodeine, morphine, and codeine were detected in 75%, 31%, 100%, and 94% of all stomach wall tissues with median concentrations of 90 ng/g, 20 ng/g, 140 ng/g, and 30 ng/g, respectively. This study provides new data on the distribution of 6-monoacetylmorphine, 6-Acetylcodeine, morphine, and codeine in postmortem stomach wall tissue and suggests the usefulness of alternative matrices for investigating heroin-related fatalities when blood samples are unavailable. In addition, the prevalence of 6-monoacetylmorphine in the stomach wall tissue was higher than that in the liver and kidney tissues.
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Strang, John, Michael Kelleher, Soraya Mayet, Ed Day, Jennifer Hellier, Sarah Byford, Caroline Murphy i in. "Extended-release naltrexone versus standard oral naltrexone versus placebo for opioid use disorder: the NEAT three-arm RCT". Health Technology Assessment 23, nr 3 (styczeń 2019): 1–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta23030.
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Background People recovering from heroin addiction need better treatments than are currently offered. The chronic relapsing nature of drug dependence means that helping a patient to achieve abstinence is often difficult. Naltrexone blocks the effects of ingested heroin; however, evidence is conflicting regarding the best delivery method. Objectives The primary purpose of the trial was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus standard oral naltrexone versus relapse prevention therapy without medication for opioid use disorder (OUD). Design This was a 3-year, definitive, three-centre, three-arm, parallel group, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Setting Two specialist NHS outpatient addiction clinics: one in London and one in Birmingham. Participants Planned study sample – 300 adult patients with OUD who had completed detoxification. Interventions One iGen/Atral-Cipan Extended Release Naltrexone device (iGen/Atral-Cipan, Castanheira do Ribatejo, Portugal) (765 mg naltrexone or placebo) at day 0 of study week 1. Three weekly directly observed active or placebo oral naltrexone tablets (2 × 50 mg, Monday and Wednesday; 3 × 50 mg, Friday) at day 0 of study week 1 (for 4 weeks) and then an 8-week regimen of patient-administered dosing at the same dosing level. Main outcome measure The primary outcome measure was the proportion of heroin-negative urine drug screen (UDS) results at the end of the 12-week post-randomisation time point. Results Six patients were recruited and randomised to receive study interventions. Two patients had no positive UDS samples for heroin during the 12-week treatment period, one patient had only one positive UDS sample and the remaining patients had two, six and eight positive UDS results for heroin. All patients had at least one missed clinic visit (range 1–14). Conclusions Considerable problems were encountered with (1) the stipulated requirement of a validated ‘detoxified’ status prior to the initiation of the study naltrexone, (2) the requirement for a consent cooling-off period and (3) delays awaiting the surgical implant procedure. Major upheaval to the organisation and delivery of NHS community treatment services across England led to extremely poor levels of actual entry of patients into the trial. Research-vital clinical and procedural requirements were, therefore, more challenging to implement. The potential therapeutic value of the opioid antagonist naltrexone still needs clear investigation, including comparison of the established oral form with the new ultra-long-acting depot implant formulations (for which no licensed products exist in Europe). Despite the small number of study participants, some tentative conclusions can be reached, relevant to potential future work. The blinding of the active/placebo medications appeared to be good. Self-report was not sufficient to detect instances of heroin use. Self-report plus UDS information provided a fuller picture. Instances of lapsed heroin use were not necessarily followed by full relapse, and future work should consider the lapse–relapse relationship. The prison release setting also warrants special consideration. In future, investigators should consider seeking ethics approval for studies in which clinical procedures to accelerate the treatment process are permitted, even if outside orthodox clinical practice, if they address a clinical need at the time of challenge and clinical risk. In addition, it may be appropriate to seek exemption from the ordinary requirement of a cooling-off period after securing consent because it is often essential to initiate treatment promptly. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN95809946. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 3. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Epstein, D. H., i K. L. Preston. "Does cannabis use predict poor outcome for heroin-dependent patients on maintenance treatment? Past findings and more evidence against". Addiction 98, nr 3 (20.02.2003): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00310.x.
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Wenger, Lynn D., Andrea M. Lopez, Megan Comfort i Alex H. Kral. "The phenomenon of low-frequency heroin injection among street-based urban poor: Drug user strategies and contexts of use". International Journal of Drug Policy 25, nr 3 (maj 2014): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.02.015.
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Zeneidi, Djemila. "“We ain’t nothing but white trash”: The ethnography of poor whites and the politics of stigma in Zora Neale Hurston’s Seraph on the Suwanee." Cultural Dynamics 34, nr 1-2 (3.11.2021): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09213740211053392.
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This article aims to demonstrate the documentary value of Zora Neale, Hurston’s descriptions, in her novel Seraph on the Suwanee, of the condition of the poor white US Southerners known as “crackers.” By, depicting a “cracker” woman’s upward social trajectory through, marriage, Hurston reveals the social and existential reality of this, segment of the white population. Her novel presents an objective, analysis of the crackers as a socio-historical group distinct from other, whites. However, Hurston also explores the subjective side of belonging to this discredited group by offering an account of her heroine’s experience of stigmatization.
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Plummer, Nicole. "Fear, Sufferation, and Mythology in the Metamorphosis of Ivan to Rhygin". Black Camera 15, nr 1 (wrzesień 2023): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/blackcamera.15.1.07.
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Abstract: Mythologies have long reigned supreme in the Jamaican psyche. While there are supernatural stories such as Rivah Mumma, of note to Jamaica's history of resistance to colonialism and enslavement are antiestablishment figures like Nanny and Tacky, then colonial outlaws. More and more popular imagination is consumed by heroics of Hollywood figures such as the legendary outlaws in westerns. Utilizing Cultural Studies textual analysis, this paper explores the transformation of Ivanhoe "Ivan" Martin to Rhygin, from poor country boy to working-class urban dweller to desperate outlaw dying on his own terms. The music and language used in The Harder They Come (dir. Perry Henzell, 1972, Jamaica) will be analyzed to explore this transformation. This paper takes the view that mythmaking was the response to sufferation with fear straddling both sides of the divide—that of the wealthy and powerful whose power the poor fear; and the poor who collectively or individually and legally or illegally rise up against the system that would seek to keep them oppressed.
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Vitanova-Ringaceva, Ana, Dragana Kuzmanovska, Vesna Koceva, Snezana Kirova i Bijlana Ivanova. "PHRASEOLOGISMS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN THE BUILDING OF THE MOTIVE "INNOCENTLY PROSECUTED HEROINES" IN THE GRIMM BROTHERS’ FAIRY TALES". KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, nr 5 (30.09.2022): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5405779v.
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The original corpus of the linguistic material for this paper are the Grimm Brothers’ tales, in original inGerman and translated into Macedonian, English and Italian. The indicated phraseologisms are widely used today inboth languages, which only proves their fluency in modern language trends. The basic criterion for classificationrefers to the phraseologisms that are related to the main character in the fairy tale, i.e., the hero who goes through hisown initiation journey. In this paper the focus shifts to the two heroines in the fairy tales "Snow White" and"Cinderella" who have the common status of "innocently persecuted heroines". The tales "Snow White" and"Cinderella" are the two most famous tales by the Brothers Grimm. Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm's interest in Germanfairy tales began in 1812 with the publication of Kinder - und Hausmärchen ("Children's and Household Tales").The fairy tales "Snow White" (Schneewittchen) and "Cinderella" (Achenputtel) were then published. Although thereare many variants of these stories in the world and with different titles, we would still dwell on their integral text.The aim of this scientific research paper is to present the similarities and differences in the phraseological units thatare used in the same context, but in completely different language systems: German, English, Italian andMacedonian. The linguistic approach initiates the conclusion that phraseological units function at the morphological,syntactic and semantic level of the text, which means that they have a wide range of meanings. Phraseologisms arespecific linguistic expressions composed of two or more words that form linguistic units recognizable for thelinguistic environment of the speaker. The linguistic-cultural richness of the indicated languages, Macedonian andGerman and English and Italian is recognized by using phraseologisms as a tool for presenting the external andinternal description of the character, but also the description of his/her socio-economic status in the community. Thephraseologisms referring to the heroines in both tales are characterized by imagery, which gives the text a richcolorful structure. The imagery is achieved through the use of the comparative approach, i.e., through phraseologicalunits that are built on the basis of comparison; the text is also enriched at reception and each reader creates his/herown individual image. The phraseological material in the fairy tales is quite rich, especially in the fairy tale "SnowWhite". These two most widespread tales of the Brothers Grimm are analyzed in science from various aspects. Forus, the target group were students who, in the process of education, acquired knowledge about the meaning ofphraseological units and are able to recognize them in a given text. The work fuses the knowledge from the field offolklore and from the field of language, in correlation with the teaching process, through which students acquirenecessary knowledge from both fields of interest. However, this paper aims to detect the comparativephraseologisms used to describe the characters of the two heroines with a similar character structure. Both fairy talesare in the subgenre of tales of "innocently persecuted heroines", a fairy tale motif with a long history and deepantiquity. We will look into comparative phraseologisms through five different prisms:1. physical attributes of the character: handsome, ugly, thin, fat, short, tall2. character traits: good, bad, clever, stupid, brave, timid, proud3. emotional state of the character: love, hate, fear, anger, revenge4. socio-economic status of the character: poor, rich, learned, simple5. attitude towards others in the environment: understanding, tolerance, helping, misunderstanding
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Petrov, Sava V., Maria M. Orbetzova, Yanko T. Iliev i Doychin T. Boyadzhiev. "Chronic Treatment with Opiate Agonists in Bulgaria - Assessing the Quality of Life Using SF 36 v. 2". Folia Medica 58, nr 2 (1.06.2016): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2016-0019.
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Abstract Introduction: Drug addictions to psychoactive substances are disorders with a complex bio-psycho-social genesis, which are characterized with chronic relapses. Substance addiction causes multifactorial damage to the normal functioning of individuals and requires a multicenter approach for the treatment process. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of patients undergoing chronic treatment with the opiate agonist methadone using a standardized questionnaire method in Bulgarian. Material and methods: The study included patients aged 18 to 40 years undergoing chronic treatment with methadone for at least six months. The study included 100 subjects. Seventy-six patients were from 5 clinical programs in Bulgaria; twenty- four clinically healthy age-matched subjects with no history of drug abuse, psychiatric and somatic diseases were the control group. Results: We found significant differences between patients and controls in all components of the survey (P<0.05). The patients had lower scores than the control group in the SF-36 in terms of all eight components and both the physical and mental component summaries of the SF-36-survey. Patients compared between the groups by dose, duration of treatment with methadone and period of heroin abuse before initiating treatment did not show significant differences. There were no significant differences between patients with and without hepatitis C virus. Conclusions: Opiate addiction is a state associated with poor quality of life. The duration of treatment, the methadone dose, period of heroin abuse before initiating treatment and illness of hepatitis C virus does not correlate with lower results.
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Sharot, Stephen. "Trans-National Adaptations of the Church Mouse, a Cross-Class Office Romance of the Early 1930s". Adaptation 13, nr 1 (26.07.2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/adaptation/apz015.
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Abstract A Hungarian play, A Templom Egere (The Church Mouse), first performed in 1927, was adapted across nations on stage and for three film versions: the German Arm wie eine kirchenmaus (Poor as a Church Mouse, 1931), an American, Beauty and the Boss (1932), and a British, The Church Mouse (1934). All versions fuse a Cinderella theme with the prevalent discourse of the period on stenographers and secretaries as sexual attractions or as machines, identified with the typewriter, but the versions differ with respect to the heroine’s transformation from machine to alluring female and in their film styles, particularly in the extent and ways they ‘open-up’ the play.