Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 19 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins"

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Gao, Xingbao, Bingjing Ji, Dahai Yan, Qifei Huang i Xuemei Zhu. "A full-scale study on thermal degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash and its secondary air pollution control in China". Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, nr 4 (30.11.2016): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16677078.

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Degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash is beneficial to its risk control. Fly ash was treated in a full-scale thermal degradation system (capacity 1 t d−1) to remove polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Apart from the confirmation of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran decomposition efficiency, we focused on two major issues that are the major obstacles for commercialising this decomposition technology in China, desorption and regeneration of dioxins and control of secondary air pollution. The toxic equivalent quantity values of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans decreased to <6 ng kg−1 and the detoxification rate was ⩾97% after treatment for 1 h at 400 °C under oxygen-deficient conditions. About 8.49% of the polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) of the original fly ash were desorbed or regenerated. The extreme high polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran levels and dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congener profiles in the dust of the flue gas showed that desorption was the main reason, rather than de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the exhaust pipe. Degradation furnace flue gas was introduced to the municipal solid waste incinerator economiser, and then co-processed in the air pollution control system. The degradation furnace released relatively large amounts of cadmium, lead and polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins and dibenzofurans compared with the municipal solid waste incinerator, but the amounts emitted to the atmosphere did not exceed the Chinese national emission limits. Thermal degradation can therefore be used as a polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxin and dibenzofuran abatement method for municipal solid waste incinerator source in China.
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Li, Honghua, Pu Wang, Yongming Ju, Wenjuan Li, Ruiqiang Yang, Gang Li, Wenqiang Ren, Jie Li i Qinghua Zhang. "Occurrence and Source Identification of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Surface Sediments from Liangshui River in Beijing, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 24 (8.12.2022): 16465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416465.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls were measured in the surface sediments of Liangshui River, the second largest drainage river in Beijing, China. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls ranged from 3.5 to 3019 (mean value: 184) pg g−1 dry weight and from 319 to 5949 (mean value: 1958) pg g−1 dry weight, and the corresponding World Health Organization toxic equivalent quantity values were 0.0011–5.1 pg TEQ g−1 dry weight and 0.0074–1.4 pg TEQ g−1 dry weight, respectively. The spatial distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls showed increasing trends from urban area and development area to suburb. Principal component analysis revealed that polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans contamination in the sediments may originate from pentachlorophenol and sodium pentachlorophenate and municipal solid waste incineration. Regarding polychlorinated biphenyls, the steel industry, combustion processes and usage of some commercial polychlorinated biphenyl products were identified as the major sources. The emission from a former steel plant could be the main contributor to polychlorinated biphenyls in urban areas. The mean value of the total toxic equivalent quantities in the sediment samples exceeded the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines. Long-term wastewater irrigation increases the load of sediment-bound pollutants in agricultural soil and may pose potential ecological risks to crops and human health.
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Kožul, Darija, i Snježana Romanić. "Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Soil and Sediment". Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 60, nr 2 (1.06.2009): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1922.

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Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans in Soil and SedimentThis review presents methods for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), called dioxins, in soil and sediment. These compounds are produced as by-products of different combustion processes, and because of their persistency and toxicity they present a threat for animal and human health. Due to their high organic matter content, soil and sediment can accumulate dioxins and have become important secondary emission sources. Determining dioxins in these samples is complex because dioxins are present in trace levels and have to be separated from interferences whereas other classes of organic contaminants are present in higher concentrations. After sampling, follows extraction of compounds with a suitable solvent, extract clean-up from unwanted compounds, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. At the end of this review, we gave levels of PCDD/PCDFs found in soil and sediment samples.
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Sofilić, T., i J. Jendričko. "PCDDs/Fs Pollution from Metallurgical Processes in the Town of Sisak, Croatia". Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, nr 1 (1.03.2014): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0048.

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Abstract In order to calculate the emission of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from metallurgical processes located in the town of Sisak, Croatia, this research has built on experiences from developed countries, where the emission factor values from individual metallurgical processes have been taken from the reference data and used for the estimate of the emission of these pollutions in the European countries. The calculation of the emission polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from metallurgical processes located in the town of Sisak took into account annual outputs of sinter, pig iron, steel blooms and steel billets, as well as steel casts. The metallurgical processes installed in the town of Sisak between 1950 and 2010 emitted from Q1-TEQ =17 mg a-1 PCDDs/Fs in 2001 to Q1-TEQ =5823 mg a-1 in 1989, depending on the activity of these processes. Within the observed period, the largest source of PCDDs/Fs emission was the iron ore sintering plant. Within the observed timeframe, the town of Sisak did not experience any excessive air, soil or water pollution by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from the local metallurgical processes.
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Mitoma, Yoshiharu, Maki Takase, Yoshiko Yoshino, Taizo Masuda, Hideki Tashiro, Naoyoshi Egashira i Takashi Oki. "Novel Mild Hydrodechlorination of PCDDs, PCDFs, and co-PCBs inside Fly Ash Using a Calcium-Promoted Rhodium Carbon Catalyst in Methanol". Environmental Chemistry 3, nr 3 (2006): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06002.

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Environmental Context. The generic term ‘dioxins’, the family of which includes polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co-PCBs), is used to describe highly toxic and mutagenic compounds. Many methods that involve high-temperature or high-pressure dry hydrogen conditions to ensure adequate decomposition for persistent chlorinated aromatic pollutants present disadvantages for repeated synthesis or recovery of vaporized dioxins and co-PCBs. We discovered that highly efficient degradation of dioxins in fly ash is accomplished in 24 h using metallic calcium and Rh/C in alcohol in a sealed tube at 25°C at 0.15 MPa. Abstract. Effective hydrodechlorination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like compounds such as coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in fly ash was achieved in 24 h using a simple stirring operation in a sealed tube with metallic calcium and Rh/C catalyst in an alcohol solution at room temperature with 0.15 MPa of increasing internal pressure. The initial 7806 pg dioxin toxic equivalent (TEQ) (g of ash)–1 of dioxins in fly ash, which had adsorbed inside the solid phase, was finally degraded to 23.6 pg of TEQ (g of ash)–1, according to estimation using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis.
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(Bart) Bosveld, A. T. C., i Martin Van den Berg. "Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans on fish-eating birds". Environmental Reviews 2, nr 2 (1.07.1994): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a94-010.

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Fish-eating birds are top predators at the end of the aquatic food chain. As such, they accumulate high concentrations of halogenated polycyclic aromatics like polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this paper the levels and effects of these compounds on fish-eating birds are reviewed. To discuss the causal relationships between these compounds and the effects, dose–response studies in various bird species are reviewed. Neurotoxicity and effects on reproduction, embryonic respiration, mixed-function oxidase isoenzyme activities, and vitamin A and thyroid hormone levels are discussed. Using data from the literature, the lowest observed effect levels are calculated for different end points, and differences in sensitivity between the species are discussed.Key words: fish-eating birds, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, reproductive impairment, cytochrome P-450.
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Li, Xian-Wei, Etsuro Shibata i Takashi Nakamura. "THERMODYNAMIC PREDICTION OF VAPOR PRESSURES FOR POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS, AND POLYBROMINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS". Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 24, nr 9 (2005): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/04-528r.1.

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Reeuwijk, Noortje M., Antonia Talidda, Rainer Malisch, Alexander Kotz, Angelika Tritscher, Heidelore Fiedler, Marco J. Zeilmaker i in. "Dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans) in traditional clay products used during pregnancy". Chemosphere 90, nr 5 (luty 2013): 1678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.09.064.

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Heuvel, John P. Vanden, i George Lucier. "Environmental Toxicology of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans". Environmental Health Perspectives 100 (kwiecień 1993): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3431525.

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Vanden Heuvel, J. P., i G. Lucier. "Environmental toxicology of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans." Environmental Health Perspectives 100 (kwiecień 1993): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93100189.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins"

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Akki, Umesh. "Gas phase formation pathways and mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23157.

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Gaus, Caroline. "Dioxins in the marine environment sources, pathways, and fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in Queensland, Australia /". Connect to this title online, 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/9765.

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Hu, Keke. "Structure-activity relationships for the metabolism of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related compounds". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ35799.pdf.

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Gaus, Caroline, i n/a. "Dioxins in the Marine Environment: Sources, Pathways and Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Queensland, Australia". Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030624.144111.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) are two groups of lipophilic, persistent organic pollutants that are produced as by-products of various anthropogenic and industrial processes. Due to their relatively high toxic potencies and potential to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in organisms and through the food chain, the contemporary widespread distribution of these compounds is a concern to the health of the environment, wildlife and humans. This study determined the distribution, pathways and fate of PCDD/Fs in the coastal zone of Queensland, Australia, including the inshore marine environment of the World Heritage Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. This ecosystem supports unique fauna and flora such as the marine herbivorous mammal dugong (Dugong dugon) and its food source, seagrass. Elevated PCDD/Fs were present in soils and sediments along the entire Queensland coastline. Highest concentrations were found in soil from agricultural irrigation drains and in sediments near the mouths of major rivers. Elevated concentrations were associated with rural and urban types of land-use, and PCDD/Fs were present even in locations remote from anthropogenic activities. PCDD/F congener-specific analysis revealed an unusual profile in all samples, dominated by OCDD, with PCDFs present in low concentrations or below the limit of detection. Distinct HxCDD isomer patterns were observed, with the 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD/1,2,3,4,6,7-HxCDD isomer pair dominating the 2,3,7,8-substituted HxCDDs. Similar congener and isomer characteristics were reported in sediments, soil and clay samples from other continents, but could not be attributed to any known source. Possible PCDD/F sources in Queensland were assessed using segmented estuarine sediment cores, for which radiochemical chronologies were established for each depth. Variations of PCDD/F concentrations in the sediment cores over several centuries of depositional history were relatively small. Elevated PCDD levels were still present in sediment slices from the early 17th century. PCDD/F homologue profiles in sediments deposited during the last 350 years were almost identical and correlated well to the characteristic profiles observed in surface sediments and soils from the entire Queensland coastline. These results suggested the presence of an unidentified PCDD source prior to the production of commercial organochlorine products. To investigate the formation of the unusual PCDD/F profiles, congener and isomer specific analyses were undertaken in soils, sediments and dated sediment cores. The results demonstrated that specific transformation processes in the environment have resulted in the observed PCDD profile characteristics. Dechlorination of OCDD was proposed to result in distinct 1,4-pattern characteristics (i.e. formation of isomers chlorinated in the 1,4,6,9-positions). Consequently, the environmental samples do not reflect the signatures of the original source. An alternative hypothesis to natural formation is discussed evaluating these processes and their implications for possible source contributions. This hypothesis explores the potential for the influence of anthropogenic PCDD precursors (e.g. pentachlorophenol) during the 1940s to 1990s. Transport of PCDD/Fs from the land-based source via impacted tributary river systems, and subsequent deposition processes are proposed to result in PCDD/F accumulation in the inshore marine ecosystem. The extent of the sediment PCDD/F contamination governs the concentrations in the extensive inshore marine seagrass meadows of Queensland. Partitioning processes in the sediment-seagrass system lead to increased toxic equivalency (TEQ) in the seagrass, compared to sediment.The relationship between contaminated inshore sediments, seagrass and dugongs were evaluated using six dugong habitat regions along the coastline. PCDD/F body burdens in dugongs are governed by sediment (and seagrass) PCDD/F concentrations in their habitat. High seagrass (and incidental sediment) ingestion rates, selective retention of toxicologically potent congeners and relatively low PCDD/F elimination capacities in dugongs are proposed to result in elevated PCDD/F concentrations and TEQ levels in adult animals. Transfer efficiencies of 4 and 27% of maternal TEQ levels to foetuses and calves (respectively) during gestation and lactation result in relatively high exposure potentials to offspring. Compared to no-observed-adverse-effect-levels in other mammals, and based on the results of this study, a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 10-24 pg TEQ kg-1 day-1 was estimated for dugongs. The results of the present study found that dugongs from some regions along the coastline of Queensland exceed this TDI by up to 20 fold, suggesting that these populations may be at risk from PCDD/F contamination in their habitat. These results have important implications for the health of the environment, wildlife and humans and were used to develop a conceptual understanding of the sources, pathways and fate of dioxins in Queensland, Australia.
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Prange, Joelle, i n/a. "Origin of Dioxins in Queensland: Investigations into the Distribution and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins in the Queensland Terrestrial Environment". Griffith University. School of Public Health, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040615.161651.

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are persistent organic pollutants of global concern as they are persistent, toxic and can biomagnify through the food chain. PCDD/Fs are generally regarded as trace contaminants in a number of chemical products and they are formed as by-products from various industrial, chemical and combustion processes. The pollution with PCDD/Fs occurs with the release of these chemicals into the environment, resulting in the contamination of various compartments including; air, soil, sediment and biota. Studies that have investigated the distribution of PCDD/Fs in the environment suggest that the highest concentrations of these pollutants are found in locations with a history of industrial or chemical PCDD/F sources. Queensland is the north-eastern state of Australia. Queensland has a low population density, few industrial activities and is considered predominantly rural. Therefore it was somewhat surprising that elevated concentrations of PCDD/Fs (in particular the higher chlorinated PCDDs) have been observed in soil and sediments samples collected from various locations along the Queensland coast. The concentrations of PCDDs in Queensland samples were comparable to or higher than concentrations in similar matrices from highly polluted regions elsewhere. To investigate the origin of PCDDs in Queensland, the geographical distribution of PCDD/Fs in topsoil was investigated in the coastal and inland environments to provide information on the potential sources and to estimate the extent of the PCDD contamination. Distinct east-west gradients were detected in topsoil collected from bushland areas across the state with elevated PCDD concentrations confined to the coastal region. Within the coastal region, the contamination could not be associated with specific land uses. In fact, the PCDD/F congener profile was similar in the majority of samples from the coastal region, with a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCDDs (in particular OCDD), whereas PCDFs were low or below the limit of detection. The similarity in the PCDD/F congener profiles in the soils along the coastal region indicated that a source of PCDDs of similar origin has resulted in the contamination of soil extending more than 3000 km and estimations suggest that more than 50 tonnes of OCDD is stored in the topsoil of Queensland.s coastal region. Investigation into the vertical distribution of PCDDs in Queensland coastal soils revealed elevated concentrations of PCDDs, (in particular OCDD) in soils to at least 3.5 m. These results indicated that the extent of the PCDD contamination is significantly greater than anticipated and it was estimated that there is in the order of 3 000 tonnes of OCDD stored in Queensland's coastal soils. The specific PCDD/F congener profile in Queensland coastal soils is unlike known PCDD/F source profiles which led to the suggestion that some yet unidentified formation mechanism may have resulted in the contamination. Potential natural sources of PCDD/Fs, including forest fires, geogenic and biogenic processes were assessed as possible origins for the PCDD contamination in Queensland. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were detected in the atmosphere during a 'prescribed burn'. This study demonstrated that although forest fires influence atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations substantially, forest fires are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland; rather they are an important mechanism for the redistribution of PCDDs and may have attributed to the widespread PCDD contamination. In this study geological materials (oil shale and kaolin) were analysed as a proxy to assess a geogenic origin of PCDDs. Elevated concentrations of PCDDs were observed in the kaolin samples, however similar and higher concentrations were detected in surface and sub-surface soils, suggesting that specific geogenic formation processes investigated are not the source of PCDDs in Queensland. A preliminary indication for a biogenic origin of PCDDs was identified during the anaerobic incubation of sugarcane irrigation sediments. An increase in the concentration of OCDD in the anaerobic treatment, compared to the control was observed after incubation for 90 days. In these same experiments, a dechlorination of OCDD to lower chlorinated (1,4,6,9-substituted) PCDDs was also observed. Similar transformation processes were observed in other anaerobic environments in Queensland, which led to the suggestion that a biogenic formation of PCDDs (possibly from a precursor) may be responsible for the origin of PCDDs in Queensland.
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Gao, Qiuju. "Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in thermochemical conversion of biomass : formation, distribution and fingerprints". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118861.

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In the transition to a sustainable energy supply there is an increasing need to use biomass for replacement of fossil fuel. A key challenge is to utilize biomass conversion technologies in an environmentally sound manner. Important aspects are to minimize potential formation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. This thesis involves studies of formation characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and naphthalenes (PCNs) in microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) and torrefaction using biomass as feedstock. The research focuses are on their levels, distributions, fingerprints (homologue profiles and isomer patterns) and the underlying formation pathways. The study also included efforts to optimize methods for extracting chlorinated aromatic compounds from thermally treated biomass. The overall objective was to contribute better understanding on the formation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in low temperature thermal processes. The main findings include the following: Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is applicable for simultaneous extraction of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCNs, polychlorinated phenols and benzenes from thermally treated wood. The choice of solvent for PLE is critical, and the extraction efficiency depends on the degrees of biomass carbonization. In MAP experiments PCDDs, PCDFs and PCNs were predominantly found in pyrolysis oils, while in torrefaction experiments they were mainly retained in solid chars with minor fractions in volatiles. In both cases, highly chlorinated congeners with low volatility tended to retain on particles whereas the less chlorinated congeners tended to volatize into the gas phase. Isomer patterns of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCNs generated in MAP were more selective than those reported in combustion processes. The presence of isomers with low thermodynamic stability suggests that the pathway of POPs formation in MAP may be governed not only by thermodynamic stabilities but also by kinetic factors. Formation of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCNs depends not only on the chlorine contents in biomass but also the presence of metal catalysts and organic/metal-based preservatives. Overall, the results provide information on the formation characteristics of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCNs in MAP and torrefaction. The obtained knowledge is useful regarding management and utilization of thermally treated biomass with minimum environmental impact.
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Klees, Marcel [Verfasser], i Torsten Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Evaluation of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in street dust and wipe samples / Marcel Klees. Betreuer: Torsten Claus Schmidt". Duisburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075456223/34.

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Lohr, Christiane [Verfasser], i Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schrenk. "Effects of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Human Liver Cell Models (in vitro) and in Mice (in vivo) / Christiane Lohr. Betreuer: Dieter Schrenk". Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045604054/34.

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Sewart, Andrew Paul. "The fate and behaviour of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge : amended agricultural soils and their potential transfer into terrestrial foodchain via lactating cattle". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261004.

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Josefsson, Sarah. "Fate and transport of POPs in the aquatic environment : with focus on contaminated sediments". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-42107.

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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are hydrophobic substances that readily sorb to organic matter in particles and colloids instead of being freely dissolved in the water phase. This sorption affects the bio­availability and environmental transport of the POPs. The major part of this thesis concerns the role of sediments as secondary sources of POPs. As the primary emissions decrease, contaminated sediments where POPs have accumulated can become the main source of contamination. If the contaminated sediment by time becomes covered with cleaner layers, the POPs are buried and no longer in contact with the aquatic environment. Experiments in this thesis showed, however, that new invading species can alter the sediment-water dynamics as a result of their bioturbation, i.e. mixing of sediment particles and pore-water. Marenzelleria spp., invading species in the Baltic Sea that burrow deeper than native species, were found to increase the remobilization of buried contaminants. The sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the burial depth (2-10 cm) of the POP congeners (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) and also inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the congener. The flux was therefore most pronounced for less hydrophobic contaminants, which was linked to the bioirrigating behaviour of these species. Marenzelleria spp. also accumulated the buried POPs and increased concentrations in surface sedi­ment. Contaminants previously considered buried at a ’safe’ depth can thus be remobilized as a result of the invasion of Marenzelleria spp. in the Baltic Sea. One method to decrease the remobilization of contaminants from sediments is ’capping’, i.e. a layer of clean material is placed as a cap on the sediment. By amending the cap with active materials, which sequester the POPs and decrease their availability, thinner layers can be used (’active capping’ or ’thin-layer capping’). Results from an experiment with thin-layer capping using different active materials (activated carbon (AC) and kraft lignin) showed that both the sediment-to-water flux and the bioaccumulation by benthic species of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and octachlorostyrene (OCS) decreased with increased thick­ness of the cap layer (0.5-5 cm). Amendments with active materials further increased the cap efficiency. AC was more efficient than kraft lignin, and a 3 cm cap with 3.3% AC reduced the flux and bioaccumulation with ~90%. The reduction of the sediment-to-water flux was inversely related to the hydrophobicity of the POP, and reductions in the flux had similar magnitudes as reductions in the concentration in deep-burrowing polychaetes, demonstrating the importance of bioturbation for sediment-to-water transport. In a one-year study on the levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and HCB in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea, the correlations between the POP levels and the levels of particles and organic carbon in the water were found to differ for POPs of different structure and hydrophobicity. The levels of PCDD/Fs decreased to one third in May, which could be related to the increased sedimentation, i.e. water-to-sediment transport, during spring bloom.
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Książki na temat "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins"

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Canada. Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans: Scientific justification. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1997.

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Cox, E. A. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in UKsoils. [London]: HMSO, 1995.

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Sheffield, Arthur. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): Sources and releases. Ottawa: Environmental Protection Service, 1985.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. New England Division. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in FVP sediment samples. Waltham, MA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division, 1988.

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Serdar, Dave. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (PCDDS) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFS) in Snake River suspended particulate matter. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1997.

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Serdar, Dave. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (PCDDs) and Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in Snake River suspended particulate matter. Olympia, Wash: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, 1997.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Hazardous Contaminants Coordination Branch. Scientific Criteria Document For Standard Development no.4-84: Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins (Pcdds) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (Pcdfs). S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Simon, M. Multiresidue method for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and non-ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyls in wildlife tissue by HRGC/HRMS. Hull, Qué: Canadian Wildlife Service, 2000.

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Karasek, Francis W. Leaching studies of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans from municipal incinerator flyash: Final report of project 126 RR : to Ontario Ministry of the Environment. Waterloo, Ont: Chemistry Dept., University of Waterloo, 1987.

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Safe, S., O. Hutzinger i T. A. Hill, red. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDDs/PCDFs): Sources and Environmental Impact, Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Action, Health Risks. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70556-4.

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Części książek na temat "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins"

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Fiedler, Heidelore. "Release Inventories of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans". W The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 1–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_432.

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Parsons, John R., i Merel Toussaint. "Microbial Degradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans". W ACS Symposium Series, 176–89. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0772.ch013.

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Stringer, Ruth, i Paul Johnston. "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and related compounds". W Chlorine and the Environment, 305–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9813-2_12.

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Adriaens, P., A. L. Barkovskii, M. Lynam, J. Damborský i M. Kutý. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins in Anaerobic Soils and Sediments". W Biodegradability Prediction, 51–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5686-8_6.

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Kirschmer, P., i M. Buck. "Determination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Outdoor Air". W Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 114–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3841-0_11.

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Carrico, Robert J., Paul R. Hemmes i R. C. Boguslaski. "Immunoassays for Pesticides, Aflatoxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Plant Pathogens". W Diagnostics in the Year 2000, 275–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6976-9_17.

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Leong, Yin-Hui, Pui-Nyuk Chiang, Hajjaj Juharullah Jaafar, Chee-Yuen Gan i Mohamed Isa Abdul Majid. "Occurrence and Dietary Intake of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Malaysia". W From Sources to Solution, 49–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-70-2_10.

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Chang, Yoon-Seok. "Rapid Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins by Nanosized and Bimetallic Zerovalent Iron". W ACS Symposium Series, 89–115. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1027.ch006.

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Gilpin, Roger K., Daniel J. Wagel i Joseph G. Solch. "Production, Distribution, and Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Related Organohalogens in the Environment". W Dioxins and Health, 55–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471722014.ch2.

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Andersson, Malin, Yngvil Holt i Ola A. Eggen. "Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) in Urban Surface Soil in Norway". W Mapping the Chemical Environment of Urban Areas, 473–86. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470670071.ch27.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins"

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Lu, Gui-Ning, Xue-Qin Tao i Zhi Dang. "Theoretical Indicators for Proposing Reductive Dechlorination Pathways of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans". W 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.415.

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Balasubramani, A., i H. S. Rifai. "Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in sewage sludge: congener patterns, toxic equivalency and comparison with effluent concentrations and toxic equivalency". W WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2015. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm150341.

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Artemenko, S., i V. Mazur. "Thermodynamic and Phase Behavior of Supercritical Water: Environmentally Significant Organic Chemical Mixtures". W ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59453.

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The importance of equation of state models is fundamental to new technologies such as supercritical water oxidation for the destruction of organic pollutants. In order to be able to perform hazard and risk assessments, the parameters ofthermodynamic models are considered as information characteristics of chemicals that store the knowledge on their thermodynamic, phase and environmental behavior. Considering the extremely large number of existing chemicals, it is obvious that there is need for developing theoretically sound methods for the prompt estimation of their phase behavior in aquatic media at supercritical conditions. Recent developments of the global phase equilibria studies of binary mixtures provide some basic ideas of how the required methods can be developed based on global phase diagrams for visualization of the phase behavior of mixtures. The mapping of the global equilibrium surface in the parameter space of the equation of state (EoS) model provides the most comprehensive system of criteria for predicting binary mixture phase behavior. The main types of phase behavior for environmentally significant organic chemicals in aqueous environments are considered using structure-property correlations for the critical parameters of substances. Analytic expressions for azeotropy prediction for cubic EoS are derived. A local mapping concept is introduced to describe thermodynamically consistently the saturation curve of water. The classes of environmentally significant chemicals (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAH, polychlorinated biphenyls - PCB, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, and selected pesticides) are considered and main sources of the property data are examined. Vapor pressure, heat of vaporization, and critical parameter estimations for pure components were chosen for seeking a correlation between the octanol–water partition coefficients KOW and the EoS binary interaction parameters - k12. The assessment of thermodynamic and phase behavior of representatives for different pollutants is given.
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