Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Pollutants

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Pollutants”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Pollutants"

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Chu, Peter C., i Kleanthis Kyriakidis. "Chemical Spill Characteristics in the San Diego Bay". Marine Technology Society Journal 45, nr 2 (1.03.2011): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.2.5.

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AbstractDispersion of ocean pollutants in estuarine environments and bays (such as San Diego Bay) depends on the location of the source of the pollutants relative to the mouth and the tidal excursion, which is the net horizontal distance over which a pollutant particle moves during one tidal cycle of flood and ebb. Pollutant dispersion was investigated using a coupled hydrodynamic and chemical discharge model in this study. The results show the existence of two distinct (northern and southern) spill patterns of pollutant dispersion. The northern spill pattern is characterized by fast reduction of the pollutant concentration in the water column, rapid dispersion of pollutants to the San Diego port and to outside of the San Diego Bay, and slow dispersion of pollutants to the southern bay. The southern spill pattern is characterized by slow reduction of the pollutant concentration in the water column, slow dispersion, and confinement of pollutants in the southern San Diego Bay. The results may be useful for ocean pollution control and management.
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Purbonegoro, Triyoni. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TOKSISITAS BAHAN PENCEMAR TERHADAP ORGANISME PERAIRAN". OSEANA 42, nr 2 (19.11.2019): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.2.43.

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FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. There are a large number of pollutants in aquatic environment with various characteristics and factors that can modify and affect the toxicity of pollutants in this environment. The major factors affecting pollutant toxicity include physicochemical properties of pollutants, mode of exposure, time, environmental factors, and biological factors. Moreover, organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are seldom exposed to only single pollutant, and most cases the stress of pollution on aquatic ecosystems is related to the interaction and combined effects of many chemicals. The combined effects may be synergistic or antagonistic, depending on the pollutants and the physiological condition of the organism involved.
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Peden, David B. "Effect of Air Pollution in Asthma and Respiratory Allergy". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, nr 2 (luty 1996): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670175-4.

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Epidemiologic and controlled exposure studies of human volunteers have shown that exposure to a variety of pollutants induces asthma exacerbations. Interestingly, in the case of ozone, recent evidence suggests that this pollutant acts to enhance the effect of inhaled allergen in persons with asthma. These and other data also suggest that pollutants may influence lung function in persons with asthma by increasing airway inflammation. The interaction of pollutants and inhaled allergens and the effect of pollutant exposure on baseline airway inflammation may be a key mechanism of pollutant-induced exacerbation of asthma. Further study of this interaction, as well as interactions of multiple pollutants, will be crucial for rational development of intervention and regulatory strategies.
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Daewel, Ute, Evgeniy V. Yakushev, Corinna Schrum, Luca Nizzetto i Elena Mikheeva. "Understanding the Role of Organic Matter Cycling for the Spatio-Temporal Structure of PCBs in the North Sea". Water 12, nr 3 (14.03.2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030817.

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Using the North Sea as a case scenario, a combined three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical-pollutant model was applied for simulating the seasonal variability of the distribution of hydrophobic chemical pollutants in a marine water body. The model was designed in a nested framework including a hydrodynamic block (Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model (HAMSOM)), a biogeochemical block (Oxygen Depletion Model (OxyDep)), and a pollutant-partitioning block (PolPar). Pollutants can be (1) transported via advection and turbulent diffusion, (2) get absorbed and released by a dynamic pool of particulate and dissolved organic matter, and (3) get degraded. Our model results indicate that the seasonality of biogeochemical processes, including production, sinking, and decay, favors the development of hot spots with particular high pollutant concentrations in intermediate waters of biologically highly active regions and seasons, and it potentially increases the exposure of feeding fish to these pollutants. In winter, however, thermal convection homogenizes the water column and destroys the vertical stratification of the pollutant. A significant fraction of the previously exported pollutants is then returned to the water surface and becomes available for exchange with the atmosphere, potentially turning the ocean into a secondary source for pollutants. Moreover, we could show that desorption from aging organic material in the upper aphotic zone is expected to retard pollutants transfer and burial into sediments; thus, it is considerably limiting the effectiveness of the biological pump for pollutant exports.
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Buxton, Miatta A., Safa Heydarzadeh, Carina J. Gronlund, Marisol Castillo-Castrejon, Myrna Souraye Godines-Enriquez, Marie S. O’Neill i Felipe Vadillo-Ortega. "Associations between Air Pollution Exposure and Blood Pressure during Pregnancy among PRINCESA Cohort Participants". Toxics 11, nr 5 (3.05.2023): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11050424.

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High blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for hypertensive disease during pregnancy. Exposure to multiple toxic air pollutants can affect BP in pregnancy but has been rarely studied. We evaluated trimester-specific associations between air pollution exposure and systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter less than 10 and 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10, PM2.5) in the Pregnancy Research on Inflammation, Nutrition, & City Environment: Systematic Analyses (PRINCESA) study. Multipollutant generalized linear regression models with each pollutant and O3 were fit. Due to nonlinear pollution/BP associations, results are presented for “below the median” or “above the median”, where the beta estimate is the change in BP at a pollutant’s median versus BP at the pollutant’s minimum or maximum, respectively. Associations varied across trimesters and pollutants, and deleterious associations (higher blood pressure with higher pollution) were found only at pollutant values below the median: for SBP with NO2 in the second and third trimesters, and PM2.5 during the third trimester, and for DBP, PM2.5, and NO2 in the second and third trimesters. Findings suggest that minimizing prenatal exposure to air pollution may reduce the risks of changes in BP.
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Boaz, Ray, Andrew Lawson i John Pearce. "2012 Multivariate air pollutant exposure prediction in South Carolina". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (czerwiec 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.98.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The objective of this project is the application of complex fusion models, which combine observed and modeled data, to areas with sparse monitoring networks with multiple chemical components is under-developed. Such models could provide improved accuracy and coverage for air quality measurement predictions, an area greatly limited by the amount of missing data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This project focuses on the development of methods for improved estimation of pollutant concentrations when only sparse monitor networks are found. Sparse monitoring networks are defined as areas where fewer than three criteria air pollutants (based on EPA standards) are monitored. Particularly, a multivariate air pollutant statistical model to predict spatio-temporally resolved concentration fields for multiple pollutants simultaneously is developed and evaluated. The multivariate predictions allow monitored pollutants to inform the prediction of nonmonitored pollutants in sparse networks. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Daily, ZIP code level pollutant concentration estimates will be provided for 8 pollutants across South Carolina, and goodness of fit metrics for model variants and previously established methods will be compared. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These methods utilize only widely available data resources, meaning that the improved predictive accuracy of sparsely monitored pollutant concentrations can benefit future studies in any US area by improving estimation of health effects and saving resources needed for supplemental air pollutant monitoring campaigns. Our method for estimation attempts to improve predictive accuracy and data availability for sparsely monitored pollutants and areas.
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Zhang, Man, Yong Sun, Bin Xun i Baoyin Liu. "Analysis of the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Emerging Pollutants in China". Water 15, nr 21 (29.10.2023): 3782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15213782.

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Pollutant types are increasing along with the rapid development of society and economy. Some emerging pollutants from chemicals have begun to appear and endanger public and ecosystem health. However, the research and development of emerging pollutant monitoring technology is still in its infancy, with no complete monitoring system in place. This makes it impossible to access and identify the spatial pattern of emerging pollutants. Therefore, this paper reviews the existing quantitative research results on four common emerging pollutants in China’s water environment—namely, endocrine disruptors, brominated flame retardants, perfluorinated compounds, and microplastics—extracts the quantitative monitoring results of emerging pollutants in the case studies, and outlines the spatial distribution characteristics of emerging pollutants in the water environment. The results show that the emerging pollutants have a large distribution area that has covered most of China. The level of pollution from emerging pollutants correlates with the level of economic development and the pollution level in economically developed regions such as the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region is significantly higher than in other regions. This study provides a reference for the prevention and control of emerging pollutants in China.
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K. Ravindranath, C. Bhaskar, K. Lakshminarayanachari,. "Three-Dimensional Analytical Mathematical Diffusion Model of Air Pollutant in a Mixing Layer with Chemical Reaction and Wet Deposition of Larger Particles of Pollutants Due to a Point Source". Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, nr 4 (16.10.2023): 6427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i4.2248.

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A three dimensional analytical mathematical diffusion model of air pollutant in a mixing layer with chemical reaction and wet deposition of larger particles of pollutants due to a point source at is furnished to investigate the primary pollutant concentration in a protected sector and it is above the earth surface layer of the earth’s atmosphere. The pollutants are assumed to be emitted only from a ceaseless source in surface layer. The physical phenomenon of the above problem is reduced to advection diffusion partial differential equation and is solved by using the method of Fourier’s technique. The effect of rate of chemical reaction of pollutants and rate of wet deposition of pollutants on the concentration of dispersed pollutants is investigatedfor both stable and neutral atmospheric situations. Concentration contours are plotted and the results are analysed for air pollutants in stable and neutral atmospheric situations. In the upper part of the mixing layer pollutants concentration is less in stable atmospheric condition for smaller roughness length and moderate geostrophic wind speed.
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Ивашкин, A. Ivashkin, Новиков, D. Novikov, Камруков, A. Kamrukov, Малков i K. Malkov. "Calculation Model of Photochemical Reactor with a Pulse Xenon Lamp for Water Treatment". Safety in Technosphere 5, nr 4 (25.08.2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23762.

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A calculation model of the photochemical reactor based on a pulse xenon lamp and intended for water treatment from microbiological or chemical pollutants has been developed and realized. The model includes several calculation modules, each one describes the basic physical processes ongoing in the photochemical reactor: current’s form calculation module, pollutant’s particles trajectories calculation module, pulse lamp’s radiating characteristics calculation module, module for photometric calculation, determining an energy radiation dose of pollutant particles. Calculation of lamp’s radiating characteristics is based on ideas of gas discharge physics and on a number of empirical dependences, for calculation of other parameters has been used the numerical simulation. Model verification has been carried out by comparison of calculated and experimental efficiencies for two types of photochemical reactors’ designs with use of the known pollutant. The developed calculation model allows perform multi-parameter optimization for designs and regime parameters of pulse photochemical reactors for the purpose of increase their energy efficiency, and level of water treatment from various chemical and biological pollutants.
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Kaighn, Robert J., i Shaw L. Yu. "Testing of Roadside Vegetation for Highway Runoff Pollutant Removal". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1523, nr 1 (styczeń 1996): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152300114.

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A field monitoring program was begun in 1991 to test the ability of grassed swales to remove pollutants from highway runoff. The two swales monitored had different slopes, traffic volumes, and vegetation heights, all of which can affect pollutant removal. One had a check dam, which proved to significantly influence pollutant removal. Also, the pollutant-removal ability of a short buffer strip was examined. Pollutants monitored included total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, and total zinc. Manual and automatic sampling techniques were used to monitor runoff. The results suggest that properly designed short buffer strips and swales with check dams can remove pollutants from highway runoff.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Pollutants"

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Berglund, David. "Analysis of Swedish pollutants". Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99175.

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Abstract Today’s environmental reports contain flaws in the acquired data. This master thesis has the mission to alleviate the estimations of those flaws. The data in question, originates from Swedish industrial facilities. The thesis involves data-treatment by statistical analysis, which is done through fitting a model by the means of analysis of variance and multilevel modeling. The thesis also involves gathering and work with data from databases, as well as systematic treatment, sorting, categorization and evaluation of the data material. Calculations are made through the SAS statistical analysis program, which rendered estimates of fixed, linear and random effects. The results are presented through graphs and numerical estimates in the later part of the report. Calculations for estimations of the grand pollutant totals are conducted. These are compared to the observed data for relevance. Alternative ways on working on the problem at hand is discussed, as well as problems that have appeared during the work on the master thesis. The relevant code and calculations are attached towards the end.
Sammanfattning   Dagens miljörapportering har brister i den rapporterade datan. Examensarbetet har som avsikt att underlätta skattningen av den saknade datan i rapporteringen, vars data härstammar från svenska företagsutsläpp.   Arbetet innebär en databehandling via statistisk analys, vilken utförs genom modellanpassning via variansanalys och flernivåmodellering. Arbetet omfattar även hämtning och bearbetning av datamaterial ifrån databaser, så väl som systematisk behandling, sortering, indelning och tolkning av dataobservationer.   Beräkningar är utförda i SAS statistiska analysprogram, vilket renderat skattningar och representationer av termer till fasta, linjära och slumpartade effekter. Dessa presenteras med siffror och grafer i senare delen av rapporten. Skattning av totaler beräknas och jämförs med observerad data. Problem och alternativa angreppssätt diskuteras, samt kod och beräkningar bifogas.
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Al-Mousa, Fawaz Ali F. "Neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1461/.

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and alkylphenols (APs) are pollutants commonly found within the environment and have human health concerns due to their endocrine disrupting and cytotoxic effects. BFRs are used to reduce the flammability of a variety of consumer products such as foam furnishings, whereas APs are found in plastic products used by the food industry. This study investigated the neurotoxicity of the most commonly used groups of BFRs and APs on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The results presented in this thesis showed (using cell viability assays) that these pollutants are toxic at low concentrations. Some compounds such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) induce cell death (apoptosis) by caspases activation (Casp-8, Casp-9 and Casp-3) and cytochrome c release at low micromolar concentrations (IC50 ~ 4μM and 6μM, respectively). Consequently this study also showed that these compounds increased intracellular [Ca2+] levels and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within SH-SY5Y cells by causing Ca2+-dependent depolarization of the mitochondria. In support of a Ca2+-mediated mechanism, the data presented here shows that some BFRs and APs inhibit Sarcoplasmic/ Endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and to corroborate this over-expressing SERCA1 improved cell viability especially in cells exposed to certain cytotoxic chemicals such as HBCD; this study is the first experiment of this type to be performed. This study also showed that some of these chemicals, at low concentrations had amyloidgenic effects causing the cleavage amyloid precursor protein (APP) into Beta-amyloid (Aβ) and could therefore be implicated in Alzheimer‟s disease (AD).
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Kharnoob, H. H. "Trace metals as pollutants". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/4bf15cd4-d321-4b19-8b18-fb30c51e6786.

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Agboola, Bolade Oyeyinka. "Catalytic activities of Metallophthalocyanines towards detection and transformation of pollutants /". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/873/.

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Tong, Yun-on, i 唐潤安. "Statistical analysis of air pollutants and numerical modeling of reactive pollutant dispersion within street canyon". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46607031.

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GRECO, GIUSEPPE. "Mycoremediation for degrading hydrocarbon pollutants". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/944952.

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Nowadays waste products derived from human life and industrial activities represent a serious problem in the world, due to their difficulty of disposal and recovery. Although in the past little importance has been given to environmental quality, the last two decades have been characterized by an increasing awareness on the topic; nevertheless, pollution from many organic substances such as hydrocarbons, remains a mostly unsolved issue, because these compounds are often recalcitrant and show high levels of toxicity. In recent years, the scientific interest for hydrocarbons is mainly related to their recognized carcinogenic action resulting from the metabolic transformations of these compounds into diol-epoxides, molecules able to bind to DNA and to induce genetic mutations (Man et al.2013). These recalcitrant substances are known to enter the environment frequently and in large scale via several routes (Singh, 2006). One of the major routes is the spill on the ground, often due to neglected maintenance of structures dedicated to production, storage and distribution; as concerns terrestrial environments, these phenomena may determine some harmful effects such as surface water pollution through runoff, groundwater pollution by leachate, evaporative atmospheric pollution, sublimation or wind drift, thus resulting in decreases in crop yields, poisoning through the food chain and impact on the landscape. Another route includes production, storage and transportation which represent a hazard due to accidental releases of petroleum compounds, mostly in marine environments, especially involving bottom sediments. Currently, restoring areas polluted by hydrocarbon products usually requires some chemical, physical, and biological treatments. Among these, biological treatments are more suitable for sustainable and economic applications because traditional remediation techniques for the treatment of hydrocarbon compounds are often limited by application costs and low efficiency. Hence, the present study proposes a sustainable and economic biotechnology aimed at allowing the recovery and disposal of soils and marine sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons. The project represents a response to the need for providing a biotechnological protocol devoted to safeguard the environment andterritory and to allow the reclamation of sites contaminated by substances which have been deemed harmful to human health. As it is known, some fungal species are extremophiles, able to adapt to adverse environmental conditions (both for abiotic factors and for nutrient deficiency) which would be limiting for most living organisms (Gadd, 2007); this feature makes some fungi an important tool to biodegrade pollutant compounds (Kumar et al. 2011). For these reasons, as concerns the hydrocarbon pollution of soils and marine sediments, the present study proposes an alternative solution to the traditional technologies of rehabilitation and environmental remediation, through the study, isolation, identification, and exploitation of those fungi able to degrade these toxic compounds. Several experiments reported in the literature demonstrate that fungi have an ability to metabolize and degrade many hydrocarbon compounds, such as oils, petroleum derivatives, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Cerniglia et al. 2010; Harms et al. 2011; Al-Jawhari et al. 2014; Reyes-César et al. 2014; Marco-Urrea et al. 2015). The studies conducted so far provide a general overview about fungal remediation activity, contributing to support the hypothesis of the possible large-scale application of some fungi in the degradation processes of organic pollutants. The research is aimed at assessing the sustainability of these innovative biotechnologies and at deepening the knowledge of the factors that may affect the activity of some fungal species or strains within different matrices contaminated by different types of hydrocarbons. The study is the result of a multidisciplinary approach involving mycologists, geologists, chemists, and oceanographers. The thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 1 presents the hydrocarbons focusing on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); it describes the traditional remediation techniques which are currently used and defines the role of fungi in the degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds and in the remediation of contaminated soils and waters (mycoremediation). Chapter 2 details the aims of the thesis, while in Chapter 3 the materials and methods are listed and described. Chapter 4 deals with the mycological characterization of a marine area polluted by hydrocarbon compounds in relation to different substrates (biotic and abiotic), depths and marine currents, to identify and select a pool of fungal species adaptable to extreme polluted environments, which could be used for bioremediation purposes. Chapter 5 shows the results of the investigations on 15 fungal species isolated from a real oily slime and screened to assess their ability to degrade a PAH mixture. The most suitable fungal strains were employed in the in vitro degradation tests. Chapter 6 investigates, through pilot-scale experiments, the role that fungi can play as tools for the remediation of real polluted matrices contaminated by petroleum derivatives. Finally, Chapter 7 outlines the conclusions, showing the significant importance of the fungal exploitation for recovering marine and terrestrial areas contaminated by hydrocarbons. Furthermore, some hints for future works and applications are provided.
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Nanayakkara, Mummullage Sandya Wasanthi. "Source characterisation of urban road surface pollutants for enhanced water quality predictions". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82065/1/Sandya%20Wasanthi_Nanayakkara%20Mummullage_Thesis.pdf.

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This study developed a comprehensive research methodology for identification and quantification of sources responsible for pollutant build-up and wash-off from urban road surfaces. The study identified soil and asphalt wear, and non-combusted diesel fuel as the most influential sources for metal and hydrocarbon pollution respectively. The study also developed mathematical models to relate contributions from identified sources to underlying site specific factors such as land use and traffic. Developed mathematical model will play a key role in urban planning practices, enabling the implementation of effective water pollution control strategies.
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Finnilä, M. A. (Mikko A. J. ). "Bone toxicity of persistent organic pollutants". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205090.

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Abstract Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), especially dioxin-like chemicals, have been shown to have adverse effects on skeleton and these effects are likely to be mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In spite of the extensive research, the characteristics of developmental effects of POPs are poorly known and the role of AHR in POP bone toxicity and skeletal development in general. In this project changes in bone morphology and strength as well as tissue matrix mechanics are studied by applying state of the art biomedical engineering methods. This allows understanding of the effects of dioxins exposure and AHR activity on the development and maturation of extracellular matrix in musculoskeletal tissues from a completely new perspective, and thereby improving the health risk assessment of POPs. In the present study skeletal properties of rats exposed maternally to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), Northern Contaminant Mixture (NCM) and Aroclor1254 (A1254) were studied for cross-sectional morphometric and biomechanical properties, and data were analysed with benchmark dose modelling. In addition, extracellular matrix properties were analysed using nanoindentation. Similar measurements were performed for adult wild-type and AHR-null mice after TCDD exposure. The same animals were also analysed for microstructural changes using micro-computed tomography and their bone cell activity was estimated from serum markers and gene expression. Analyses show decreased bone length and cross-sectional properties with consequently decreased bone strength. On the other hand, an increased trabecular BMD in response to NCM and A1254 was observed. In addition, bone matrix properties indicated delayed maturation or early senescence after maternal or adult exposure, respectively. The AHR is mainly responsible for bone toxicity of dioxin-like compounds and plays a role in bone development. This is likely due to disturbed bone remodeling as indicated by altered serum markers and gene expression. Overall these results indicate that POPs decrease bone strength, but the interpretation is difficult as there is more trabecular bone within cortical bone with compromised quality and increased porosity
Tiivistelmä Altistumisen pysyville orgaanisille ympäristökemikaaleille on todettu heikentävän luustoa. Dioksiinien ja dioksiininkaltaisten yhdisteiden vaikutusten on havaittu välittyvän aryylihiilivetyreseptorin (AHR) välityksellä. Huolimatta pitkään kestäneestä tutkimuksesta POP-yhdisteiden sikiönkehityksen aikaisen altistuksen vaikutukset ja etenkin niiden mekanismit ovat edelleen huonosti tunnettuja, samoin kuin AHR:n osuus POP-yhdisteiden luutoksisuudessa ja luuston kehityksessä ylipäätään. Tässä työssä tutkittiin luuston rakenteellisia ja mekaanisia ominaisuuksia niin perinteisillä kuin uusimmilla biolääketieteen tekniikan menetelmillä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on saada uutta tietoa POP-altistuksen ja AHR-aktiivisuuden vaikutuksista luuston kehitykseen ja luukudoksen ikääntymisprosesseihin, mikä edesauttaa kyseisten yhdisteiden riskinarviointia. Tutkimuksissa altistettiin kantavia rottaemoja 2,3,7,8-tetraklooridibenzo-p-dioksiinille (TCDD), pohjoiselle saasteseokselle ja kaupalliselle Arokloori 1254 PCB-seokselle. Sikiönkehityksen aikana altistuneiden jälkeläisten luuston poikkileikkausen morfologia ja biomekaaniset ominaisuudet mitattiin ja tulokset mallinnettiin vertailuannoksen määrittämiseksi. Lisäksi TCDD-altistettujen rottien luustomatriisin ominaisuuksia selvitettiin nanoindentaatiomenetelmällä. Samaa menetelmää käytettiin myös aikuisiässä TCDD:lle altistettujen villityypin hiirten ja AHR-poistogeenisiten hiirten tutkimiseen. Näiden hiirten luuston hienorakennetta mitattiin myös korkean resoluution mikro-tietokonetomografialla ja niiden luusolujen aktiivisuutta tutkittiin seerumin biomarkkerien ja luun muodostumiseen osallistuvien geenien ekspressiotasojen avulla. Sikiönkehityksen aikainen altistuminen pohjoiselle saasteseokselle ja Arokloori 1254:lle hidasti luiden pituuskasvua. Lisäksi luiden poikkileikkauspinta-alat olivat pienentyneet ja mekaaniset ominaisuudet heikentyneet. Toisaalta hohkaluun määrä oli lisääntynyt altistumisen seurauksena. Myös sikiönkehityksen aikainen altistuminen TCDD:lle hidasti luukudoksen kypsymistä ja johti aikuisiällä luukudoksen ennenaikaiseen vanhenemiseen. AHR:llä oli päärooli ainakin aikuisiän vaikutusten ilmenemiselle ja reseptorilla vaikutti olevan rooli luuston kehityksessä ylipäätään. Seerumin biomarkkereiden ja geeniekspression muutosten perusteella nämä vaikutukset johtuvat todennäköisesti luuston uusiutumisen häiriöistä. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että POP-yhdisteet heikentävät luustoa, mutta tämän ilmiön diagnosoiminen on hankalaa, koska huonolaatuisen kuoriluun sisällä hohkaluun määrä on lisääntynyt
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Karlsson, Kristin. "Pathways of pollutants in stormwater systems /". Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2006/05/LTU-LIC-0605-SE.pdf.

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McCrae, I. S. "The dispersion of traffic-related pollutants". Thesis, Middlesex University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280622.

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Książki na temat "Pollutants"

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(Canada), National Pollutant Release Inventory. NPRI pollutants in Canada: National Pollutant Release Inventory 2001. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, 2003.

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Vasanthy, M., V. Sivasankar i T. G. Sunitha, red. Organic Pollutants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72441-2.

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Calvo-Flores, Francisco G., Joaquín Isac-Garcéa i José A. Dobado, red. Emerging Pollutants. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527691203.

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Agency, Illinois Environmental Protection. Criteria pollutants. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, 1998.

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Kumari, Kanchan. Persistent Organic Pollutants. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003046806.

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Harrad, Stuart, red. Persistent Organic Pollutants. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470684122.

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Kallenborn, Roland, i Heinrich Hühnerfuss. Chiral Environmental Pollutants. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06243-2.

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Vovelle, Christian, red. Pollutants from Combustion. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4249-6.

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Brewer, Thomas, red. Transportation Air Pollutants. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59691-0.

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Harrad, Stuart, red. Persistent Organic Pollutants. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1571-5.

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Części książek na temat "Pollutants"

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Davenport, John. "Pollutants". W Environmental Stress and Behavioural Adaptation, 87–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6073-5_6.

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Matei, Andreea Valceanu, Alina Farcas, Cristina Florian, Monica Florescu i Gheorghe Coman. "Pollutants Biotransformation". W Environmental Security Assessment and Management of Obsolete Pesticides in Southeast Europe, 111–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6461-3_9.

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Sukenik, Assaf, Shmuel Carmeli, Ora Hadas, Edit Leibovici, Nehama Malinsky-Rushansky, Rita Parparov, Rivka Pinkas, Yehudith Viner-Mozzini i David Wynne. "Water Pollutants". W Lake Kinneret, 577–606. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8944-8_33.

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Alloway, B. J., i D. C. Ayres. "Inorganic pollutants". W Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution, 109–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2148-4_5.

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Alloway, B. J., i D. C. Ayres. "Organic pollutants". W Chemical Principles of Environmental Pollution, 196–259. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2148-4_6.

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Stiborova, Marie. "Environmental Pollutants". W Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics, 637–70. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630905.ch23.

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Fox, Malcolm A. "Marine Pollutants". W Glossary for the Worldwide Transportation of Dangerous Goods and Hazardous Materials, 141–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11890-0_45.

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Harrison, R. M. "Secondary pollutants". W Handbook of Air Pollution Analysis, 343–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4083-3_7.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Toxic Pollutants". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 757. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11987.

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Schwarzbauer, Jan, i Branimir Jovančićević. "Organic Pollutants". W Fundamentals in Organic Geochemistry, 55–156. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68938-8_2.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Pollutants"

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Nemati Mehr, Seyyed Mahdi, i Hossein Afshin. "Numerical Simulation of NOx Pollutant Formation in a Natural Gas Fired Power Generation Boiler, by Using Burner’s Parameters". W ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85277.

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The major source of energy is fossil fuels, known as hydrocarbon containing C and H as the main elements. The heat generated from combustion of these fuels is used in power generation cycles to generate electricity. Main products of a hydrocarbon combustion reaction are water and carbon dioxide, but due to some reasons such as excessive temperature and inappropriate air-fuel mixing, always some pollutants are formed. One of the major concerns of recent years are NOx pollutants, which is mostly generated in the high temperature combustions. According to the geographical and economic issues, most countries are using coal as fuel and many researches have been conducted about pollutant formation and temperature distribution in coal fired boilers (H. Y. Park, et al,. J. R. Fan, et al, and many others), but in Middle Eastern countries, the dominant fuel for the power generation cycles is natural gas. In this paper, pollutant formation and temperature distribution is numerically studied in a power generation boiler using natural gas as fuel. NOx formation mechanisms are introduced and discussed about the main source of NOx pollutants in this boiler. The natural gas burners are appropriate for non-premixed flame, so the goal of this study is to achieve the desired temperature distribution and minimize NOx pollutants through the variation of inlet angle of fuel and air in the burner. A case study is presented for boiler with 156MW power, equipped with natural gas burners. Numerical simulation is applied for the mentioned system and optimization consideration on pollutant is discussed.
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Du, T. Z., Chun-Ho Liu i Y. B. Zhao. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Reactive Pollutant Dispersion Over Street Canyons of Different Aspect Ratios". W ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21252.

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In urban areas, pollutants are emitted from vehicles then disperse from the ground level to the downstream urban canopy layer (UCL) under the effect of the prevailing wind. For a hypothetical urban area in the form of idealized street canyons, the building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratio (AR) changes the ground roughness which in turn leads to different turbulent airflow features. Turbulence is considered an important factor for the removal of reactive pollutants by means of dispersion/dilution and chemical reactions. Three values of aspect ratio, covering most flow scenarios of urban street canyons, are employed in this study. The pollutant dispersion and reaction are calculated using large-eddy simulation (LES) with chemical reactions. Turbulence timescale and reaction timescale at every single point of the UCL domain are calculated to examine the pollutant removal. The characteristic mechanism of reactive pollutant dispersion over street canyons will be reported in the conference.
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Franek, Ondřej, Alexander Kravcov i Čeněk Jarský. "NEW EXPERIMENTAL METHOD FOR POLLUTANTS ELIMINATION IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENT BY USING PLANTS". W GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/25.

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The present paper deals with pollutants in the building’s indoor environment and possibilities of their elimination, carbon dioxide (CAS 124-38-9), further from volatile organic compounds were investigated trichlorethylene (CAS 79-01-6), toluene (CAS 108-88-3) and benzene (CAS 71-43-2). A new experimental method for effectively reducing the concentration of pollutants in the indoor environment of buildings is presented, which is based on the placement of plants into the research area and has the potential to bring operating costs savings in the field of building ventilation. The issue is closely related to the increasing requirements for the healthiness of the indoor environment of building. Quality of the indoor environment is also assessed according to the quality of indoor air. Increased concentrations of pollutants in the indoor environment can have a negative impact on the human health for the building’s users. In the paper, the modelling of indoor ventilation is shown, where one model case examines the theoretical quantity requirement of ventilated indoor air without plants and the other model case examines the requirement for the amount of ventilated air in plant environment. For both models cases the same final value of pollutant concentrations was required. After the computational modelling, the results were compared to determine the percentage difference of the supply air demand. Based on the computational model, it was shown that selected plants can favourably influence the pollutant concentration in the indoor environment. The model environment for research was determined as an office area, initial concentrations of pollutants were determined before the arrival of persons, also was determined the constant production of pollutants during working hours, and reduction of pollutants by plants This is a completely new perspective on the issues of building ventilation and improving the quality of the indoor environment, and according to the achieved calculation, the costs of building operations on a global scale can be significantly reduced.
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Chis, Timur, Stefan Petrache i Olga Sapunaru. "THE USE OF OIL-CAKE (SUNFLOWER) IN THE DEPOLLUTION OF PETROLEUM INFESTED WATER". W GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/28.

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"Oil pollution of surface and groundwater is an undesirable phenomenon but it is possible to happen. The pollutant can appear as a result of leaks from the transport pipelines, the damage of the oil extraction and processing installations, and the distribution states of the petroleum products. In the vast majority of interventions to combat pollution, polymeric sorbents are used which are spread over the pollutant and then washed with warm water. This technology does not completely clean the pollutants, and the polymeric sorbents are difficult to remove. Oil-cake (sunflower) is a grated residue after oil extraction and contains the amino acid lysine and high content of fiber and methionine. At a quantity of 100 kg of sunflower seeds, a processor obtains a quantity of 35 kg of residual mass consisting of a sunflower meal. This product can be used as a sorbent for petroleum products, being then used to produce green energy. The physical properties of two sorbent substances (sunflower oil and peat) are presented. Also, their adsorption capacities for four pollutants specific to the oil industry (gasoline, diesel, paraffin oil and sulfur oil) are analyzed, as well as the adsorption kinetics. The adsorption equations of the pollutants are also described."
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Sandu, Alina Mirela. "PERSISTENT�ORGANIC�POLLUTANTS�IN�ROMANIA". W SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s20.v5082.

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Catanante, Gaelle, Atul Sharma, Akhtar Hayat i Jean Louis Marty. "APTASENSORS FOR EMERGING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS". W International Symposium "The Environment and the Industry". National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/simi.2016.0001.

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Chmielewski, A. G. "Electron beam gaseous pollutants treatment". W International Conference on Plasma Science (papers in summary form only received). IEEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1995.533498.

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Martı́nez, Trinidad. "Metallic pollutants in Mexico Valley". W The CAARI 2000: Sixteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1395361.

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Campanella, Luigi, Raffaella Cresti, Maria P. Sammartino i M. G. Visco. "Microwave-assisted photodegradation of pollutants". W Photonics East (ISAM, VVDC, IEMB), redaktorzy Tuan Vo-Dinh i Robert L. Spellicy. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.338988.

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Dara, Krishan, Chinmaya Shukla, Venya Singh, Amisha Roy, Debanjan Paul, Devansh Krishna Ojha i Aparna Mohanty. "Precise Detection of Air Pollutants". W 2023 International Conference on Next Generation Electronics (NEleX). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nelex59773.2023.10421732.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Pollutants"

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Wentworth, Jonathan. Persistent Chemical Pollutants. Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, lipiec 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.58248/pn579.

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A legacy of persistent pollutants is widely distributed in the environment, increasing the potential for exposure of wildlife and humans. This POSTnote sets out the challenge this posed for regulators, current regulatory approaches and some of the emerging issues.
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Rittman, Bruce. Biotic Transformations of Organic Contaminants. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ousn4116.

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Biodegradation—the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms—is an important groundwater process that occurs naturally and is especially important for the in situ cleanup of contaminated groundwater. Pollutant biodegradation follows well-established principles that are summarized in this book. The first principle is that the microorganisms must grow and sustain themselves by oxidizing an electron-donor substrate (food) and transferring the electrons to an electron-acceptor substrate (respiration). This electron flow generates energy that the microorganisms use to fuel biomass synthesis. Most pollutants are either an electron acceptor or an electron donor, which means that their biotransformation can grow and sustain the microorganisms. Accordingly, it is critical to understand whether a pollutant is an electron donor or electron acceptor. This book systematically describes the biodegradation mechanisms for common organic pollutants in groundwater: The author identifies if the pollutant behaves as an electron donor or acceptor, and points out when special activation reactions are necessary to initiate biodegradation and put the pollutant into a chemical form that allows it to be an energy-yielding electron donor or acceptor. Special attention is given to organics derived from petroleum and those that have chlorine, fluorine, and nitro substituents.
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Boutrup, Susanne, Mannio Jaakko, Maria Dam i Tina Mønster. Joint Nordic screening of emerging pollutants. Nordic Council of Ministers, listopad 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/anp2014-735.

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Killinger, Dennis K., Norman Menyuk i Aram Mooradian. Laser Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Pollutants. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada183014.

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Davison, Brian H., i John W. Barton. Biofiltration of Volatile Pollutants: Solubility Effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834467.

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Davison, Brian H., i John W. Barton. Biofiltration of Volatile Pollutants: Solubility Effects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834468.

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Guttman, Charles M., i Kenneth L. Jewett. Protection of archival record from pollutants:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4719.

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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Guttman, Charles M., i William R. Blair. Protection of archival records from pollutants IV:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5876.

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Sherman, Max H., i Nance E. Matson. Reducing indoor residential exposures to outdoor pollutants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816774.

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