Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Political risk

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Political risk”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 11 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Political risk"

Clark, Ephraim, i Radu Tunaru. "Emerging Markets: Investing with Political Risk". Multinational Finance Journal 5, nr 3 (1.09.2001): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17578/5-3-1.

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Huang, Angela, Dimitri Margaritis i David Mayes. "Emerging Markets: Investing with Political Risk". Multinational Finance Journal 5, nr 3 (1.09.2001): 175–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17578/5-3-2.

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Bordeianu, Sever. "Political risk services and political risk yearbook". Journal of Government Information 22, nr 2 (marzec 1995): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(95)90235-x.

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Hanne, Daniel. "“Political Risk”". Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 3, nr 2 (27.01.1998): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j109v03n02_03.

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Jung, Seeun, i Luc Tucker. "Political Preference and Risk Attitudes in the UK". Korean Journal of EU Studies 23, nr 1 (13.06.2018): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.38158/kjeus.23.1.2.

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A. Obalade, Adefemi, Babatunde Lawrence i Joseph Olorunfemi Akande. "Political risk and banking sector performance in Nigeria". Banks and Bank Systems 16, nr 3 (9.07.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(3).2021.01.

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Political risk is prevalent in Nigeria and tends to influence business outcomes and the stability of the banking system. As a result of this study, it was determined whether political risk matters to the performance of the banking sector in Nigeria. The effect of political risk on different banks’ performance measures, such as return on assets, return on invested capital, credit risk and stock price, were examined in a panel of 12 selected commercial banks for the period 2006–2018. Data was analyzed using a two-stage system of generalized method of moments. The results provided evidence that the effect of political risk on bank performance depends on the performance proxies. Specifically, political risk was found to be negatively related to banks’ returns on invested capital and positively related to deteriorating credit risk. Hence, it can be concluded that political risk induces poor banking system performance in Nigeria. The study provides a critical insight into the management of a country’s political systems in terms of their potential to create unfavorable conditions for banking systems to thrive.

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Erb, Claude B., Campbell R. Harvey i Tadas E. Viskanta. "Political Risk, Economic Risk, and Financial Risk". Financial Analysts Journal 52, nr 6 (listopad 1996): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/faj.v52.n6.2038.

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Theodorou, Jerry. "Political risk reconsidered". International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 6, nr 2 (czerwiec 1993): 147–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435209.

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Valderrama, Laura. "Political Risk Aversion". IMF Working Papers 09, nr 194 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451873412.001.

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Bekaert, Geert, Campbell R. Harvey, Christian T. Lundblad i Stephan Siegel. "Political risk spreads". Journal of International Business Studies 45, nr 4 (maj 2014): 471–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.4.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Political risk"

Brink, Charlotte H. "Measuring political risk as risks to foreign investment : a computer-assisted model for analysing and managing political risk". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52929.

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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the title suggests, the major challenge that this study faces is to set out and design a model for analysing and enabling the management of political risk as investment risk - a model that is both sensitive to and reflective of the comprehensive business and investment climate in a country, not only credit or country risk, or only pure political risk in its narrowest definition. In reading about past and more recent research in the field of political risk analysis, it becomes clear that many authors begin by noting the diversity and the discrepancies of the existing definitions of political risk, but evidence in political risk insurance shows that the major perceived political risks that investors insure their interests against seem to be confiscation, expropriation and nationalisation. In the light of this study's findings though, a case can be put forward for urging that the conceptualisation of political risk be extended to further include any or all of the micro political risk factors and their indicators that have been identified to ensure that political events do not impact negatively on a foreign company's profitability. Foreign investors put assets at risk to achieve their objectives and the assessment of these risks, including political risks, is the key to successful operations. Opportunities and risks are often two sides of the same coin and political risk comprises a large part of the environmental forces in terms of the management challenges a Multinational Company (MNC) faces in any investment climate. A firm's foreign investment strategy deals with the positioning of the organisation in an uncertain host country environment and investment climate. This study attempts to explain how a firm's political risk exposure, which refers to the sensitivity of a firm's projected profitability and operationability in a host country to changes in the investment climate, could be managed and reduced. It is hoped that political risk analysis and management can assist foreign operations in managing the risks that might have otherwise proven to be destructive to profitability and operationability. It is irresponsible to present a potential investor with a risk assessment that does not incorporate political risk factors and their indicators, let alone environmental, societal and socio-economic risk factor indicators. Ultimately any business climate, regardless of the country being studied, is underwritten by a political system, political climate, political culture and business culture of the system in which foreign business wishes to operate profitably. What is often labelled as unnecessary and irrelevant detail in risk analysis often results in a lack of using micro risk factors and their indicators and an underestimation of the importance of such micro risk indicators. Hopefully this study takes up the challenge of showing that political risk can be managed and political risk analysis can be made more precise - that it is possible to measure and manage political risk.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Soos die titel van hierdie studie voorstel is een van die grootste uitdagings die ontwerp van 'n model vir die analise van politieke risiko as beleggingsrisiko - 'n model wat ter selfde tyd sensitief is vir en weerspieëlend van 'n land se algemeen omvattende besigheids- en beleggingsklimaat, en nie slegs suiwer politieke risiko in die nouste sin van die woord nie. 'n Literatuurstudie van meer onlangse navorsing, asook navorsing wat in die verlede gedoen is oor politieke risiko en die analise daarvan, dui daarop dat baie outeurs melding maak van die diversiteit en teenstrydighede in die bestaande definisies van politieke risiko. Die teenwoordigheid van versekering teen politieke risiko wys egter daarop dat die primêre politieke risiko's waarteen beleggers hulle belange verseker meesal nasionalisering en onteiening is, asook die beslaglegging op beleggings. Teen die agtergrond van hierdie studie se bevindinge, kan daar egter 'n saak uitgemaak word vir die verbreeding van die konseptualisering van politieke risiko om enige of alle van die mikro-politieke risiko faktorindikatore wat in hierdie studie identifiseer word in te sluit, om sodoende te verseker dat die negatiewe gevolge wat politieke gebeure moontlik mag inhou vir 'n buitelandse maatskappy se belange, sover moontlik beperk word. Buitelandse beleggers stel bates bloot aan risiko's ten einde voorafgestelde doelwitte te bereik en die assessering van hierdie risiko's, insluitende politieke risiko's, is 'n groot bydraende' faktor tot die suksesvolle bedryf van buitelandse beleggings. Geleenthede en risiko's is dikwels twee kante van diesIefde muntstuk en politieke risiko maak 'n groot deel uit van die uitdagende beleggingsomgewing waarin die bestuur van 'n multinasionale korporasie (MNK) daagliks moet funksioneer. 'n Maatskappy se buitelandse beleggingstrategie handel met die posisionering van die organisasie in die onvoorspelbare beleggingsklimaat van 'n vreemde land. Hierdie studie poog ook om te verduidelik hoe die mate waarin 'n firma blootgestel word aan politieke risiko, met ander woorde die sensitiwiteit van 'n firma se voorgenome winsgewendheid en bedryf teenoor veranderinge in die beleggingsklimaat van 'n vreemde land, bestuur en verminder kan word. Daar word gehoop dat politieke risiko analise en die bestuur daarvan 'n bydra kan lewer tot buitelandse besighede se bestuur van hierdie risiko's, wat andersins 'n vemietgende impak kan hê op die winsgewendheid van buitelandse bedrywighede. Dit is onverantwoordelik om aan 'n buitelandse belegger 'n risiko analise voor te lê wat nie politieke risiko faktore en die daarmee gepaardgaande indikatore insluit nie. Die studie argumenteer verder dat faktorindikatore wat die fisiese omgewing, sosiale asook sosio-ekonomiese faktore aanspreek ook in 'n risiko analise ingesluit moet word. Oplaas is enige besigheidsklimaat, nieteenstaande die land wat bestudeer word, onderskryf deur 'n politieke stelsel, politieke klimaat, politieke kultuur en besigheidskultuur van die stelsel waarin die buitelandse besigheid winsgewende resultate as doelwit het. Wat dikwels beskou word as onnodige en irrelevante detail in risiko analise lei dikwels tot 'n gebrek aan die insluiting van mikro-risiko faktore en hulle indikatore weens 'n onderskatting van die noodsaaklikheid daarvan om juis sulke mikro-risiko faktorindikatore in 'n risiko analise in te bou. Hierdie studie aanvaar hopelik die uitdaging om te wys dat politieke risiko tog bestuur kan word en dat politieke risiko analise tog meer eksak gemaak kan word - dat dit wel moontlik is om politieke risiko te meet en bestuur.

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Nelson, Laura Kathleen. "Risky business: social media metrics and political risk analysis". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13626.

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Submitted by Laura Nelson (nelson.lkn@gmail.com) on 2015-04-13T21:22:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 L Nelson - MPGI Thesis 2015.pdf: 3337611 bytes, checksum: 0d2c94b96220464f0b91982c3a7f727d (MD5)
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Quantifying country risk – and in particular, political risk – poses great difficulties for business, institutions, and investors alike. As economic indicators are updated far less frequently than Facebook feeds, it can be challenging for political risk analysts to understand, and more importantly measure, what is taking place in real time on the ground. However, with the growing availability of big data from social media platforms such as Twitter, now is an opportune moment to examine the types of social media metrics that are available and the limitations to applying them to country risk analysis, particularly during episodes of political upheaval. This study, using the qualitative method of bibliographical research, identifies the current landscape of data available from Twitter, analyzes the current and potential methods of analysis, and discusses their possible application to the field of political risk analysis. After a thorough review of the field to date, and given the expected near- to medium-term technological advancements, this study concludes that despite obstacles like the cost of data storage, limitations of real-time analysis, and the potential for data manipulation, the potential benefits of the application of social media metrics to the field of political risk analysis, particularly for structured-qualitative and quantitative models, outweigh the challenges.
A quantificação do risco país – e do risco político em particular – levanta várias dificuldades às empresas, instituições, e investidores. Como os indicadores econômicos são atualizados com muito menos freqüência do que o Facebook, compreender, e mais precisamente, medir – o que está ocorrendo no terreno em tempo real pode constituir um desafio para os analistas de risco político. No entanto, com a crescente disponibilidade de 'big data' de ferramentas sociais como o Twitter, agora é o momento oportuno para examinar os tipos de métricas das ferramentas sociais que estão disponíveis e as limitações da sua aplicação para a análise de risco país, especialmente durante episódios de violência política. Utilizando o método qualitativo de pesquisa bibliográfica, este estudo identifica a paisagem atual de dados disponíveis a partir do Twitter, analisa os métodos atuais e potenciais de análise, e discute a sua possível aplicação no campo da análise de risco político. Depois de uma revisão completa do campo até hoje, e tendo em conta os avanços tecnológicos esperados a curto e médio prazo, este estudo conclui que, apesar de obstáculos como o custo de armazenamento de informação, as limitações da análise em tempo real, e o potencial para a manipulação de dados, os benefícios potenciais da aplicação de métricas de ferramentas sociais para o campo da análise de risco político, particularmente para os modelos qualitativos-estruturados e quantitativos, claramente superam os desafios.

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Kettis, Magdalena. "The Challenge of Political Risk : Exploring the political risk management of Swedsih multinational corporations". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-112.

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In an overarching aim to bridge the gap between political science and international business studies, this study explores how, against the backgrond of globalization, multinational coprorations understand and deal with the influence of many differet and sometimes very dynamic political environments, by focusing on the political risk management of a number of Swedish multinational corporations invoved in foreign investing. Based on interviewswith coproate executives in these corporations, this qualitative study found that Swedish invetsors use a "pragmatic" approach toeards political risk and the political envrionments in which they operate. The study also drwas attention to teh role of multinational corporations in teh formation of politica risk as teh result of corporate politiacl activity and the possibility that multinational corporations are moving towards a more pronounced political role.It is suggetsed that political risk needs to be considered not only in terms of the potential impact of the political environment on firms, but also in terms of teh impact of teh firm on the environment, as the political environment cannot be taken as a given, but is the outcome of a process that involves adaption to the environment as well as attempts to change that environment.

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Davidsson, Jukka. "Political Risk in Finland : Does the financial crisis in 1990’s consist of political risk?" Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8176.

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Thesis political risk in Finland will explain the real nature of the financial crisis in Finland in the beginning of 1990’s. Before 1990’s Finland used to be a closed and controlled market. The liberalisation of the financial market began in 1980’s. This process caused the depression in Finland. Partly there is truth behind this statement. The restructuration of Finnish economy and state policy needed more. The government formed collaboration with the legal system and major actors in Finland. Financial institutions and large corporations were provided a parachute. The mentioned companies got a different treatment in front of the law than small and medium size companies. Government together with financial institutions made a plan for solving the problems what the market faced. They signed secret agreements upon execution of the plan. Actually, the three actors made a plot for the rest of the people in Finland. This is a thesis of political risk in a developed country called Finland. Political risk is not only concentrated on undeveloped countries. The existence of political risk is increasing throughout the world. Therefore, it is important to point out the possibility of political risk in developed world.

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Lindeberg, Martin, i Staffan Mörndal. "Managing Political Risk : A contextual approach". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1029.

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Background: The world is turning into a global market place. At the same time as internationalisation and investments in emerging markets have increased, multinational enterprises are as a consequence exposed to more and more risks of various kinds. One of these risks is political risk. It implicates the risk of negative effects for a company due to political actions. Due to the increased activity in developing countries, the process of risk management has become more important the last years. The perception of the political environment is influenced by personal or organisational factors. Even though it is possible that the political risk is managed differently depending on contextual factors, there is, as far as we know, little research conducted with the purpose of investigating this relationship. We would therefore like to compare a number of companies and situations in order to distinguish a pattern concerning what elements influence their political risk management and in what way.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate why companies manage political risk in a certain way as well as to determine how contextual factors influence the political risk management.

Method: We have investigated and compared the political risk management in ABB, Saab, Scania and Skanska. This has been done through interviews with one political risk manager and one project manager in each company.

Result: The risk management is greatly influenced by various contextual factors, such as the risk attitude of the company and the characteristics of the project.

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Kamga, Wafo Guy Léopold. "Political risk and foreign direct investment". [S.l.] : Universität Konstanz , Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Statistik, 1998. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8500747.

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Kearns, Ian Paul. "Political risk analysis : a conceptual re-valuation". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360355.

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Al, Khattab Adel. "Political risk assessment in Jordanian international firms". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430297.

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Nwosu, Ikenna E. "Redefining 'political risk' in the 21st century". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408863.

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Hansen, Carsten. "Examining political risk in service offshoring strategies". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10181.

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This research investigates political risk in the context of service offshoring and the corresponding impact on risk management decisions. The first stage of the study uses the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT), to explore key post-contract political risks experiences within offshore outsourcing activities. Twelve key political risks affecting offshore outsourcing decisions are identified, and the moderating effect of offshoring activity types (BPO, ITO or KPO) on political risk exposure and impact perceptions is highlighted. The research also explores the conditioning effect of industry specific exposure to political risk and enhances the explanatory ability of the Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) constructs, offering a re-operationalization of the political risk component of external uncertainty. The second stage of the research introduces a series of hypotheses between offshoring flows and political risk profiles, and applies multiple regression to analyse political risk affecting offshore activities in low cost countries across contract-based offshoring engagements and FDI. The findings highlight that political risk is a genuine business concern for offshore contract-based outsourcing modalities, and identify concerns with Intellectual Property protection, Quality of Bureaucracy and Corruption as key considerations affecting location decisions in low-cost countries. The research further suggests a positive relationship between strong country level institutional and regulatory systems and high knowledge content in offshoring engagements. From a practical perspective, the research highlights the need for managerial tools to determine diversified firm and industry specific political risk impact on global service outsourcing engagements. The key practical contribution is the development of differentiated political risk typologies that can capture the nuances of external risks in offshoring, allowing for more accurate risk assessment of offshoring decisions.

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Książki na temat "Political risk"

Althaus, Catherine. Calculating political risk. London: Earthscan, 2008.

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Calculating political risk. Sydney, N.S.W: UNSW Press, 2008.

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Group, PRS. Political risk services. East Syracuse, NY: PRS Group, 2002.

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Calculating political risk. London: Earthscan, 2008.

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D, Coplin William, i O'Leary Michael K, red. Political risk yearbook. Syracuse: Political Risk Services, 1991.

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1943-, Moran Theodore H., red. Managing international political risk. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 1998.

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Alesina, Alberto. Economic risk and political risk in fiscal unions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Shoven, John B. Political risk versus market risk in social security. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Institute, International Risk Management, red. IRMI's political risk insurance guide. Dallas, Tex: International Risk Management Institute, 1999.

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Political risk management in sports. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press, 2002.

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Części książek na temat "Political risk"

Nwangwu, George. "Political Risk". W Public Private Partnerships in Nigeria, 131–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54242-7_7.

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Moosa, Imad A. "Country Risk and Political Risk". W Foreign Direct Investment, 131–60. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403907493_5.

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Kliem, Ralph L. "Political Risk Management:". W Political Risk Management for the Global Supply Chain, 47–58. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003036241-3.

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Stapenhurst, Frederick. "Political Risk Management: Risk vs Opportunity". W Political Risk Analysis around the North Atlantic, 113–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12399-5_8.

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Tölö, Miikka. "Political Risk: Literature Review". W Proceedings of the 2009 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 118–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10864-3_66.

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Ramady, Mohamed A. "Country Political Risk Contents". W Political, Economic and Financial Country Risk, 55–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02177-5_5.

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Kliem, Ralph L. "Maintain Political Risk Management". W Political Risk Management for the Global Supply Chain, 187–92. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003036241-13.

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Kliem, Ralph L. "Perform Political Risk Reporting". W Political Risk Management for the Global Supply Chain, 179–85. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003036241-12.

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Kliem, Ralph L. "Prepare Political Risk Responses". W Political Risk Management for the Global Supply Chain, 151–70. Boca Raton: Auerbach Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003036241-10.

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Andre, Jan, i Lee Ludvigsen. "Between Environmental and Political Risks". W Football and Risk, 29–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003303480-3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Political risk"

"Key Political Risk Issues: Between Socio-Political and Environmental Components". W The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium. AIJR Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/abstracts.93.71.

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Koç, Murat, i Hakkı Çiftçi. "World Investments, Global Terrorism and the New Perception of Politic Risk". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01108.

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Based on economic power struggle, the economic strength began to take the place of military power and economic security has been considered as important as military security in this new world order. Multinational companies and their feasibility studies constitute the agenda of politic risks before entering these markets. Political risk faced by firms can be defined as “the risk of a strategic, financial, or personnel loss for a firm because of such nonmarket factors as macroeconomic and social policies, or events related to political instability”. However, terrorism should be considered as a multiplier effect on some of the components mentioned above. Terrorism itself and these strict measures directly affect investments. In 2012, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) flows into the Middle East and North Africa have been adversely affected by political risk over the past couple of years. Investor perceptions of political risks in the region remain elevated across a range of risks. The Arab Spring countries have fared worse than other developing countries in the region. The risk perception of civil disturbance and political violence, but also breach of contract, is especially prominent in Arab Spring countries. In other words, global terrorism has created a negative multiplier effect in the region. In this context, Multiplier effect can be summarized as an effect on a target, situation or event which exceed its creating strength than expected. Considering this impact, MNC’s SWOT analysis and investment analysis must signify a redefinition in a wide range by the means of political risk perceptions.

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Downey, Marlan W. "Assessing Political Risk for Foreign Investments". W SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/30033-ms.

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Li, Bing. "Research on MNC's Political Risk Management". W 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5301089.

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Stauffer, T. R. "Political Risk and Overseas Oil Investment". W Symposium on Energy, Finance, and Taxation Policies. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/18514-ms.

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Vasconcelos, Ana Mafalda. "WHY POLITICAL RISK MATTERS FOR BANKING FLOWS?" W 40th International Academic Conference, Stockholm. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.040.066.

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Hallmark, Terry. "The New Political and Business Risk Dynamics". W Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/18936-ms.

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Nganga, Caroline, i Elizabeth Curo. "Assessing extreme values in political risk estimates". W 2008 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2008.4559730.

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Allwood, Jens, Massimo Chindamo i Elisabeth Ahlsen. "On Identifying Conflict Related Stances in Political Debates". W 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socialcom-passat.2012.90.

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Proehl, T. S. "Comparison Between Political and Economic Country Risk Factors". W SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25819-ms.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Political risk"

Bekaert, Geert, Campbell Harvey, Christian Lundblad i Stephan Siegel. Political Risk Spreads. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19786.

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Pastor, Lubos, i Pietro Veronesi. Political Uncertainty and Risk Premia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, wrzesień 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17464.

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Alesina, Alberto, i Roberto Perotti. Economic Risk and Political Risk in Fiscal Unions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4992.

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Shoven, John, i Sita Slavov. Political Risk Versus Market Risk in Social Security. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12135.

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Drautzburg, Thorsten, Jesús Fernández-Villaverde i Pablo Guerrón-Quintana. Political Distribution Risk and Aggregate Fluctuations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, sierpień 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23647.

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Diamond, Peter. Insulation of Pensions from Political Risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, październik 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4895.

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Hassan, Tarek, Stephan Hollander, Laurence van Lent i Ahmed Tahoun. Firm-Level Political Risk: Measurement and Effects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, listopad 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24029.

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Alesina, Alberto, i Guido Tabellini. External Debt, Capital Flight and Political Risk. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2610.

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Dave, Dhaval, Andrew Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, Drew McNichols, Connor Redpath i Joseph Sabia. Risk Aversion, Offsetting Community Effects, and COVID-19: Evidence from an Indoor Political Rally. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, lipiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27522.

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Dave, Dhaval, Drew McNichols i Joseph Sabia. Political Violence, Risk Aversion, and Non-Localized Disease Spread: Evidence from the U.S. Capitol Riot. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28410.

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