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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Political prisoners' writings, Iraqi"
1
Al-Hassan, Hawraa. "The Form of Remembrance: Prison Writing and the Memory of the Ba‘th in Dreaming of Baghdad and I‘jaam". International Journal of Middle East Studies 55, nr 2 (maj 2023): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743823000867.
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In his 2019 critical study, Husayn Sarmak Hassan complained that not enough attention has been given to the production of Iraqi prison writing even after the toppling of Saddam Hussein's regime and its censorship apparatus. He notes, for example, that during the 2017 Cairo book fair, he found thirty (presumably new) prison novels, none of which were written by Iraqis. The relative scarcity of prison novels from Iraq is most certainly not due to lack of content; since the collapse of the old regime, there has been a proliferation of personal accounts, both oral and written, detailing the horrors of Saddam's Ba'th and the extent of the human toll of its wars and oppression. The ensuing documentation projects that emerged out of this mass catharsis aimed to amplify voices that had hitherto been marginalized and silenced, including the experiences of political prisoners. Hassan's study on prison writing, published by the Iraqi Ministry of Culture, can be seen in this light: as part of a national effort to process the literary and psychological aspects of the Ba‘th's legacy. However, the author's interest in prison writing also stems from his professional background as a medical doctor and psychiatrist directly involved in the study and treatment of PTSD in military veterans of the Iran–Iraq War. His personal interest in the experiences of Iraqi political prisoners is also made clear by certain paratextual elements in his study; in the acknowledgements, for example, Hassan dedicates his text to a friend who spent twenty years in incarceration as a political prisoner, and to his brother, who he found unrecognizable due to starvation and torture on a visit to a Najaf prison in 1994.
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Dunworth, Treasa. "The Legal Adviser in International Organizations: Technician or Guardian?" Alberta Law Review 46, nr 4 (1.08.2009): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr208.
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The participation of lawyers as legal advisers to international organizations is reviewed from a historical and political perspective, looking primarily at the United Nations and the League of Nations. An inquiry is made into the “accountability debate” of international organizations and the role that legal advisers play in this regard. The issue of whether lawyers act as technicians or guardians in the international arena is reviewed historically both through academic publications, and through the writings of lawyers who have acted as international legal advisers. The 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent treatment of prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib are analyzed with respect to the advice given to states by their international legal advisers.
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Rasul, Rasul Mohammed. "The situation of Kurdish political prisoners in Iraq from the period of Haras Qawmi 8-2-1963 to 18-11-1963". Twejer 4, nr 2 (grudzień 2021): 509–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2142.11.
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Abstract The situation of Kurdish prisoners in Iraqi prisoners from 8-2-1963 to 18-11-1963 In the contemporary history of Iraq, the first period of Baa’th party’s era which very significant in the history of the country. After the coup of 8th February 1963, which Iraqi National Guard (Baa’si) obtained power. As a result, Abdul Karem Qasm the first President of the Iraqi Republic (1958-1963), many Iraqi people Kurds were not exempted and who were captured from different cities and rural areas in the whole Iraq, and they were taken to prisons like Arabs or other ethnic and religion groups and Kurdish soldiers (Peshmarga’s) captives from fronts particularly, from 09-06-1963 to 18-11-1963. Those prisoners were accused of being members of Iraqi Communist Party or Kurdistan Democratic Party which were considered as the opposition party of the government. Otherwise, they probably almost did not commit any crime against law and civilians. Therefore, it could be named them political prisoner in the mentioned period. While the Kurdish political prisoners were in Iraqi prisons. Particularly, after 9th Jun, 1963 till 18th November, they were brutally tortured by members of Iraqi militia “National Gourds”, who belonged to Baath’s party. Their brutal actions against Kurdish prisoners such as hitting, boxing, burning, withdrawing nails, and so on. These crimes are unforgettable in the contemporary history of Iraqi Kurdistan.
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Hameed, Salih M. "Representation of Iraqi prisoners' abuse in Judith Thompson's palace of the end: a politico-cultural perspective". International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 6, nr 4 (16.05.2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v6n4.909.
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The paper is a study in the representation of the systematic abuse inflicted by the American Female Soldier (being an image of American militarism) upon the Iraqi prisoners in the Abu Ghraib jail. The American misconducts exercised are based on political and cultural grounds: it is dramatically evident that the American Female Soldier has prejudicially transformed the stage into a battleground, whereon, post colonially, the Iraqi prisoners are viciously addressed by demeaning terms.
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Saleh, Dr Ali Hakim. "Ali Al-Wardi: A Cultured Position". Thi Qar Arts Journal 1, nr 45 (31.03.2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v1i45.545.
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This article concerns with the Iraqi prominent sociologist Ali Al-Wardi (1913-1995), as an intellectual occupied a unique position in Iraqi culture in the second half of the twentieth century. In order to comprehend this position, the article describes the Iraqi political and cultural conditions in which al-Wardi's writings emerged and the circumstances of the emergence of sociology as a scientific branch in the Iraqi academy. The article focuses on the role that Al-Wardi attributed to knowledge as a major component and a guide for public policy, and then it evaluates and criticizes his theses and their realistic and scientific efficiency to play this role.
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Seniukhin, Aleksei Andreevich. "The images of Siberia in English and American travelogues of the turn of the XIX – XX centuries". Исторический журнал: научные исследования, nr 6 (czerwiec 2020): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.6.34114.
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The subject of this research is the images of Siberia conveyed in the travelogues of English and American travelers who visited the Russian Empire at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. Using the method of imaginal geography, the author attempts to reconstructs the initial representations of foreigners on the region, and their transformation during the visit. Interest towards Siberia among the travelers aroused due to the writings of G. Kennan, who translated image of the land, where political prisoners were exiled to. The authors of travelogues did not hide their desire to see the depicted horrors, although their trip to the region has transformed these perceptions. The conclusion is made on versatility of the image of Siberia in the writings of English and American travelers. The initial representations on the land of exiled were rather clarified; the focus of attention shifted from the political prisoners to the criminogenic situation of the region. However, most travelogues tried to show a “different Siberia”, creating a new image of the resourceful Russian colony, which has yet to fulfill its economic potential and overcome cultural and economic discrepancy with the European “core”. Such shift of tone, from the land of exiled to the land of opportunities positively affected opinion of the society on the Russian authorities.
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Hanoosh. "In Search of the Iraqi Other: Iraqi Fiction in Diaspora and the Discursive Reenactment of Ethno-Religious Identities". Humanities 8, nr 4 (6.10.2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8040157.
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In Iraqi fiction, the prerogative to narrate the experience of marginal identities, particularly ethno-religious ones, appeared only in the post-occupation era. Traditionally, secular Iraqi discourse struggled to openly address “sectarianism” due to the prevalent notion that sectarian identities are mutually exclusive and oppositional to national identity. It is distinctly in post-2003 Iraq—more precisely, since the sectarian violence of 2006–2007 began to cut across class, civil society, and urban identities—that works which consciously refuse to depict normative Iraqi identities with their mainstream formulations became noticeable. We witness this development first in the Western diaspora, where Iraqi novels exhibit a fascination with the ethno-religious culture of the Iraqi margins or subalterns and impart a message of pluralistic secularism. This paper investigates the origins of the taboo that proscribed articulations of ethno-religious subjectivities in 20th-century Iraqi fiction, and then culls examples of recent diasporic Iraqi novels in which these subjectivities are encoded and amplified in distinct ways. In the diasporic novel, I argue, modern Iraqi intellectuals attain the conceptual and political distance necessary for contending retrospectively with their formative socialization experiences in Iraq. Through a new medium of marginalization—the diasporic experience of the authors themselves—they are equipped with a newfound desire to unmask subcultures in Iraq and to write more effectively about marginal aspects of Iraqi identity inside and outside the country. These new diasporic writings showcase processes of ethnic and religious socialization in the Iraqi public sphere. The result is the deconstruction of mainstream Iraqi identity narratives and the instrumentalization of marginal identities in a nonviolent struggle against sectarian violence.
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al-Zurfi, Fouad Jabir Kadhem. "Sectarianism in Iraq – a critique by Ali Al-Wardi". Contemporary Arab Affairs 7, nr 4 (1.10.2014): 510–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2014.955960.
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The Arab world today is encountering a destructive resurgence of sectarianism, which, up to a few years ago, had been confined to books and rhetorical debates. In the first half of the 20th century, Iraqi sociologist Ali Al-Wardi pioneered the critique of sectarianism in the Arab world. Unlike others, he approached the issue from a specific and unique perspective. His observations of Iraqi history were made from a sociological standpoint that aimed at revealing the impact of sectarianism on Iraqi politics. Al-Wardi's writings were carried out to two phases: the first extends from the early 1950s to the early 1960s; and the second covers the period between the publication of his two books, Study on the Nature of Iraqi Society (the year of publication is unknown) and Social Briefs from the Modern History of Iraq (1971). The first phase focused on Islam's heritage and a number of social phenomena; the second focused exclusively on the study of Iraqi society. A number of factors influenced Al-Wardi's personality and thinking, a fact especially evident in the kind of methodology he used, which was new when addressing the sectarian issue. Based on Al-Wardi's research, this paper traces the historical factors and process that affected the historical development of the divisions separating two main sects of Islam – Shi'a and Sunni – resulting in a duel between them, which led to the configuration of Iraqi society along sectarian lines. It elaborates on the methodology used by Al-Wardi in his studies of Iraqi society, as well as his attitude with regard to sectarianism in modern Iraq. It also explores the intellectual and political influences that helped shape his thinking in this domain and its legacy on sociological thought in the Arab world.
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Almesaabi, Salama Ali Husein. "Ᾱthār Wa Tadā’iyyāt Al-Ghazw Al-‘Iraqi li Dawlat Al-Kuwait 1990 wa Daur Al-Munadhdhamāt Al-Dawliyyah fi Mu’ālajatiha". Insaniyat: Journal of Islam and Humanities 2, nr 2 (31.05.2018): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.7607.
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The invasion of Kuwait in 1990 resulted in many disastrous effects and negative repercussions on the people and State. It reflected on the Iraqi regime and its people as those effects have been extended to all Arab States and the world at large, where those effects and repercussions have taken on many aspects of political, economic and social. The invasion not only had been effected Kuwait but also broadly in the gulf region. This study aims: firstly to study and analyse the political, economic and social implications as the consequences of the Iraqi invasion over Kuwait; secondly, to elucidate and analyse the effects of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on Arab relations; thirdly, to explore on the role of international organizations in addressing the effects of the invasion. The result shows that the invasion has brought to a disastrous schism in the unity of the Arab states and put them left behind in the international stage, and the opening of the area to the Western military presence in the Gulf. The economic loss suffered by the Arab Group reached approximately $1 trillion. The social and psychological effects on society and the individual in Kuwait required long years to be addressed. The international organizations have played a prominent role particularly on recording the file of the prisoners and missing persons, and the compensation is also given to them.DOI: 10.15408/insaniyat.v2i2.7607
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Susato, Ryu. "An “Ingenious Moralist”: Bernard Mandeville as a Precursor of Bentham". Utilitas 32, nr 3 (31.01.2020): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820819000530.
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AbstractThis article argues that Bernard Mandeville's ideas were more likely to have influenced Jeremy Bentham's writings than previously believed. The conventional interpretation of Mandeville as a forerunner of the Hayekian “theory of spontaneous order” has obscured Mandeville and Bentham's shared emphasis on legal and interventionist solutions for the issues of prostitution and prisoners. This influence is evinced by focusing on some of Mandeville's minor works, which anticipated some of Bentham's arguments. It is unlikely that Bentham directly knew of Mandeville's minor works, but his reformist and interventionist bent was consistent and discernible in the Fable, which Jeremy Bentham read in his youth.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Political prisoners' writings, Iraqi"
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Reeb, Gerda. "Imprisoned writing : testimonies of political incarceration /". view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9978597.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-225). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Young, Sandra Michele. "Negotiating truth, freedom and self : the prison narratives of some South African women". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18833.
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The autobiographical prison writings of four South African women - Ruth First, Caesarina Kana Makhoere, Emma Mashinini and Maggie Resha - form the focus of this study. South African autobiography is burdened with the task of producing history in the light of the silences enforced by apartheid security legislation and the dominance of representations of white histories. Autobiography with its promise of 'truth' provides the structure within which to establish a credible subject position. In chapter one I discuss the use of authenticating devices, such as documentary-like prose, and the inclusion in numerous texts of the stories of others. Asserting oneself as a (publicly acknowledged) subject in writing is particularly difficult for women who historically have been denied access to authority: while Maggie Resha's explicit task is to highlight the role women have played in the struggle, her narrative must also be broadly representative, her authority communal. As I discuss in chapter two, prison writing breaks the legal and psychological silences imposed by a hostile penal system. In a context of political repression the notion of the truth becomes complicated, because while it is important to be believed, it is also important, as with Ruth First, not to betray her comrades and values. The writer must therefore negotiate with the (imagined) audience if her signature is to be accepted and her subjectivity affirmed. The struggle to represent oneself in the inimical environment of prison and the redemptive value in doing so are considered in chapter three. The institution of imprisonment as a means of silencing political dissidence targets the body, according to Michel Foucault's theories of discipline and control explored in chapter four. Using the work of Lois McNay and Elizabeth Grosz I argue in chapter five that it is necessary also to pay attention to the specificities of female bodies which are positioned and controlled in particular ways. I argue, too, using N. Chabani Manganyi, that while anatomical differences provide the rationale for racism and sexism, the body is also an instrument for resisting negative cultural significations. For instance, Caesarina Kana Makhoere represents her body as a weapon in her political battle, inside and outside prison. The prison cell itself is formative of subjectivity as it returns an image of criminality and powerlessness to the prisoner. Following the work of human geographers in chapter six I argue that space and subjectivity are mutually constitutive, as shown by the way spatial metaphors operate in prison texts. The subject can redesign hostile space in order to represent herself. As these texts show, relations of viewing are crucial to self-identification: surveillance disempowers the prisoner and produces her as a victim, but prisoners have recourse to alternative ways of (visually) interacting in order to position the dominators as objects of their gaze, through speaking and then also through writing. Elaine Scarry's insights into torture are extended in chapter seven to encompass psychological torture and sexual harassment: inflicting bodily humiliation, as well as pain, on the body, brings it sharply into focus, making speech impossible. By writing testimony and by generating other scenes of dialogue through which subjectivity can be constructed (through being looked at and looking, through having the message of self affirmed in the other's hearing) it is possible to contain, in some way, the horror of detention and to assert a measure of control in authoring oneself. For Mashinini this healing dialogue must take place within an emotionally and ideologically sympathetic context. v For those historical subjects who have found themselves without a legally valued identity and a platform from which to articulate the challenge of their experience, writing a personal narrative may offer an invaluable chance to assert a truth, to reclaim a self and a credibility and in that way to create a kind of freedom. Bibliography: pages 173-182.
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Gould, Rebecca. "The Political Aesthetic of the Medieval Persian Prison Poem, 1100-1200". Thesis, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7916/D85M6BF1.
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The Political Aesthetic of the Medieval Persian Prison Poem, 1100-1200 traces the dissemination of the medieval Persian prison poem (habsiyyat) from South Asia to the Caucasus in the context of the contemporaneous developments in literary and political theory that shaped this genre. Varying attitudes towards figuration in Persian literary criticism are examined in terms of an aesthetics of incarceration that, I argue, extended the political boundaries of medieval Persian literary culture. Drawing on the pioneering works of Zafari (1985) and Akimushkina (2006), I elucidate the prison poem's strategies for making the medieval experience of incarceration available to literary representation. In documenting the dialectic between the sultan's material power and the poet's discursive sovereignty, I show how medieval Persian prison poetry critically engaged with medieval punitive practices. Ultimately, this dissertation traces the relation between the increased use of incarceration as a mode of punishment by regional sultanates and the discursive elevation of poetry that is Persian literature's greatest contribution to world literature. Concomitantly with investigating the twelfth-century aesthetics of incarceration, this dissertation documents how twelfth-century Persian poetry was transformed by idioms of literary knowledge articulated through a Persianized Arabo-Islamic rhetoric. Exegeses of specific prison poems by Mas'ud Sa'd Salman of Lahore (d. 1121), Khaqani Shirwani (d. 1199), and of other prison poets from these regions, are offered alongside documentary explorations into the status of non-Muslim minorities in Saljuq domains, the transformation of a predominantly panegyric genre into an instrument of political critique, and demonstrate the political importance of the habsiyyat to the historiography of incarceration as well as of Persian literature. By examining the literary archive of incarceration from Lahore in South Asia to Shirwan in the Caucasus, this study aims to expand the scope of investigations into the aesthetics of power as registered by literary form, to extend the temporal dimensions of the historiography of incarceration, and to contribute to classical Persian literary theory's conceptualization of genre. Chapter one offers a synoptic and global history of incarceration in the medieval world. Chapter two considers what the prison poem as a genre has to offer global literary theory. Chapter three studies the complex modulation of the qasida form through the prison poem's emphasis on the poet's lyric subjectivity. Chapter four traces the appropriation of the motifs of prophecy by Persian prison poets who aspired for a sovereignty that exceeding the boundaries of material power. Chapter five offers detailed exegeses of the two most significant texts in the medieval Persian archive of incarceration: Khaqani's Christian qasida and his qasida on the ruins of Mada'in. Chapter six documents the devolution of authority onto prison poetry and the reconstitution of material power through discursive sovereignty. Collectively, these chapters show that, just as medieval Persian prison poets protested the terms of their social contracts and thus suffered imprisonment, so did the prison poem genre contest the distribution of sovereignty in the medieval world by transferring prophecy, and prophecy's concomitant authority, to the poet.
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Aarons, Michelle Sandra. "Prison experience in the work of some South African writers from Lessing to Cronin". Thesis, 2014.
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Booth-Yudelman, Gillian Carol, i Gillian Carol Booth Yudelman. "South African political prison-literature between 1948 and 1990 : the prisoner as writer and political commentator". Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15480.
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This thesis examines works written about imprisonment by
four South African political prison writers who were incarcerated
for political reasons. My Introduction focuses on current
research and literature available on the subject of political
prison-writing and it justifies the study to be undertaken.
Chapter One examines the National Party's policy pertaining to
the holding of political prisoners and discusses the work of
Michel Foucault on the subject of imprisonment as well as the
connection he makes between knowledge and power. This chapter
also considers the factors that motivate a prisoner to write.
Bearing in mind Foucault's findings, Chapters Two to Five
undertake detailed studies of La Guma's The Stone Country, Dennis
Brutus's Letters to Martha, Hugh Lewin's Bandiet and Breyten
Breytenbach's The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist,
respectively. Particular emphasis is placed on the reaction of
these writers against a repressive government. In addition,
Chapters Two to Five reflect on the way in which imprisonment
affected them from a psychological point of view, and on the
manner in which they were, paradoxically, empowered by their
prison experience. Chapters Four and Five also consider capital
punishment and Lewin and Breytenbach's response to living in a
hanging jail. I contemplate briefly the works of Frantz Fanon in
the conclusion in order to elaborate on the reasons for the
failure of the system of apartheid and the policy of political
imprisonment and to reinforce my argument.English Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (English)
Książki na temat "Political prisoners' writings, Iraqi"
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Lorenzo, Aïda. Hores de vetlla: Testimonis de 35 represaliats pel franquisme. Girona: CCG Edicions, 2005.
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Kim, Dae Jung. Prison writings. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
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Hà, Nguyên. Giữa nanh vuốt kẻ thù. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản Chính trị quốc gia, 1999.
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1969-, Whalen Lachlan, red. Contemporary Irish Republican prison writing: Writing and resistence. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
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Kurniawan, Budi. Mereka yang menulis dari balik penjara. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani, 2009.
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Gutiérrez, José Aldomar. Condenado a muerte ; El maletín de Abdés: Artículos desde prisión, 1939-1941. Valencia: Centro Francisco Tomás y Valiente UNED Alzira-Valencia, 2006.
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Guerrero, Antonio. Desde mi altura =: From my altitude. Havana, Cuba: Editorial José Martí, 2001.
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1914-, Amīn Muṣṭafá, i Maḥallāwī Ḥifnī, red. Ḥikāyatī maʻa al-sijn. al-Qāhirah: al-Dār al-Miṣrīyah al-Lubnānīyah, 1993.
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Ṣughayyar, Rashād Aḥmad. al- Qarār: Alfān wa-ithnā ʻashar yawman fī sujūn al-iḥtilāl. ʻAmmān: Dār al-Jalīl, 1986.
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Bannā, Yāsir. Mudhakkirāt al-asrá: Aṣwāt Filasṭīnīyah min al-muʻtaqalāt al-Isrāʼīlīyah. Bayrūt: al-Dār al-ʻArabīyah lil-ʻUlūm Nāshirūn, 2014.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Political prisoners' writings, Iraqi"
1
Hunter, Walt. "Coda". W Forms of a World, 119–28. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823282227.003.0006.
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The coda explores one of the tensions or problems for poets writing explicitly about globalization in English—namely, that the spread of English itself has been inseparable from the violence of the global and has abetted its propagation. In Look (2016), Solmaz Sharif writes about the Iran-Iraq War, the twenty-first century US invasion and occupation of Iraq, and the detainment of prisoners in Guatanamo Bay. She employs a particular kind of “global English,” one that is forged in US wars and military occupations in the Middle East. The coda concludes by reflecting on the ways that contemporary poetry has been engaged in remaking a politics of globalization and how poetry changes our sense of what ethical and political actions and subjectivities are possible under global capitalist regimes.
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Al-Hassan, Hawraa. "The National Gets Personal: Autobiographical Writings by Iraqi Women". W Women, Writing and the Iraqi Ba'thist State, 151–200. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474441759.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the political memoirs of three Iraqi women and argues that the life writing genre is in itself resistive as it challenges the homogeneity trumpeted by Ba‘thist literary propaganda. Moreover, the chapter explores how the autobiographical subgenres adopted by the authors, such as diary entries, letters and poetry can resist authoritarianism by shaping our perceptions through the use of form and paratext. It looks in particular, at the formation of bonds beyond state imperatives and the relationship between personal and collective identities. Whereas Iraqi and Arab nationalism were propagated by the state as the most important means of communal self-identification, the writers in this chapter consider alternative means of bonding as they situate themselves as global citizens in their places of exile.
3
Petkovska, Sanja. "The perception of prisons in the writings of women political prisoners". W Prison Environment: A Female Perspective, 49–64. Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/prisonlife.d4.7_2.
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Sharma, Shailza. "Layered Realities". W Carceral Liberalism, 52–69. University of Illinois Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252045189.003.0003.
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Considering the traditions of writing as palpable forms of resistance adopted by political prisoners in India against state power, this chapter analyses prison writings to construct their accounts of the (political) self, the gendered nature of prisons, and the violence/control associated with prison life. In my inquiry, not only do I consider prisons as a terrain of violence and control, but also as sites of “political confrontations” (Bargu, 2014). These political confrontations take place within the contours of operation of anti-terror laws in India, and its nexus with state violence. By rethinking the carceral through the medium of interpretation of prisoners’ writings within its specific contexts, this chapter has tried to tease out instances of prisoners’ resistance and condemnation of the control of their private lives and ideologies.
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Dubler, Joshua, i Vincent W. Lloyd. "Prison Religion and Prison Justice". W Break Every Yoke, 153–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190949150.003.0005.
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Using trial records, court decisions, and ethnographic fieldwork, this chapter tracks how the disruptive religious practices of the prisoners’ rights era, including prison strikes, became the accommodating religious practices of America’s prisons today. In other words, it tells the story of the rise and fall of the collectivist prisoners’ religion of the 1960s and the subsequent ascendency of the depoliticized, accommodationist religious forms better suited to the controlled conditions of mass incarceration. Touching on a range of incarcerated people’s writings and rituals, including Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X and his conversion to Islam, the Church of the New Song, and the black naturalist sect MOVE, the chapter explores how highlighting the politicizing force of prison and reclaiming the political-theological voices of prisoners might allow us to see new possibilities for justice beyond the prison. With an eye toward what has been repressed, the chapter concludes with the abolitionist promise of the new surge in prisoners’ political organizing.
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Leggot, Sarah. "De Ventas a Ravensbrück". W Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-302-1/002.
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This article discusses the testimonial writings of the Catalan-Galician political activist Mercedes Núñez Targa who was imprisoned in Spain, France and Germany at the end of the Spanish Civil War. In her works, Cárcel de Ventas (1967) and Destinada al crematorio (1980), Núñez Targa details the horrific conditions that Republican prisoners endured and documents the widespread practice of gendered violence inflicted on women in Francoist camps and prisons. This analysis focuses particularly on her description of her experiences in Ventas women’s prison in Madrid. Núñez Targa deploys the testimonial genre to recount both her own experiences and those of her fellow prisoners, highlighting the particularly cruel treatment directed at pregnant women and mothers as part of the regime’s efforts to prevent the transgenerational transmission of left-wing ideologies.
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Litvin, Margaret. "Hamlet in the Daily Discourse of Arab Identity". W Hamlet's Arab Journey. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691137803.003.0002.
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This chapter explores Hamlet's meaning in today's Arabic political vocabulary. Hamlet has been invoked in reference to nearly every major and minor political crisis touching the Arab world in the past decade. Analyzing his function in recent polemical writings such as newspaper columns, speeches, and sermons, this chapter shows how Arab writers read “to be or not to be” not as a meditation on the individual's place in the world but as an argument about collective political identity. Other themes from Hamlet—words/deeds, sleep/waking, madness/wholeness—help reinforce the urgency of the crisis. However, these cries of outrage and alarm are not the only approach to the issue of historical agency. As a counterpoint the chapter offers an instance of Hamlet rewriting by the important Palestinian–Iraqi writer Jabra Ibrahim Jabra.
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Cooke, Miriam. "Jewish Arabs in the Israeli Asylum: A Literary Reflection1". W Studying Modern Arabic Literature. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748696628.003.0010.
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This chapter examines the lives and writings of a few Mizrahi Jews who succeeded in Israel despite the challenges they faced there. Focusing on the first wave of immigration and its aftermath through novels, poetry, autobiographies and films, this chapter uses the asylum metaphor to describe Israel. Initially, Israel was an asylum for European Jews (Ashkenazis) until they turned the asylum into their state. From that point on, they created asylums for various constituencies, including Jewish Arabs. The chapter also considers the process of acculturation in the asylum of Israeli transit camps, which has figured prominently in Mizrahi literature; how ‘foreigners’ in Israel achieved nationalisation through religion and not-religion; and the exodus of thousands of Iraqi Jews to Israel; the role of language in Jewish Arabs' self-fashioning in Israel; and the political awakening of Jewish Arab intellectuals.
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Fuchs, Simon Wolfgang. "Theology, Sectarianism, and the Limits of Reform". W In a Pure Muslim Land, 53–94. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649795.003.0003.
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This chapter investigates the first decades after the founding of Pakistan in 1947. Shi‘i immigrants from North India became pitted against a local Punjabi trend of reformist Shi‘i teaching that maintained close ties with the leading seminaries in Iraq. Young scholars accused the immigrants of being wolves in ‘ulama clothes who held dangerous “extremist” views. The traditionalists defended a transcendent vision of God that implied a radically contrasting conception of religious authority. This chapter pays attention to local and transnational dimensions of these theological debates because both sides attempted to marshal positions held by Iranian and Iraqi scholars in support of their particular views. Ayatollah Khomeini’s writings play a particularly important role in this regard. The chapter also argues that both reformist agendas and their traditionalist refutations were driven by the hope of reaching a rapprochement with the Sunnis. While reformist ‘ulama suggested discontinuing “offensive” Shi‘i rituals and rethinking the events of Karbala as a political struggle, traditionalist scholars propagated a Sufi-Shi‘i synthesis and universal access to the Hidden Imam.