Artykuły w czasopismach: „Political interdependencies”

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Reber, Bernard. "Critique, participation et démocratie". Eco-ethica 8 (2019): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ecoethica20206227.

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The problem of interdependence is crucial for understanding the climate, with its interactions between land, water, and atmosphere, as well as with human activities, past and future. The concept of interdependence expresses two types of relationship, that of causality and that of responsibility. For the problems of climate governance as understood as a statistical average in the Conferences of the parties (COP), causal dependence is impossible to reconstruct precisely, notably because of the complexity of these phenomena. However, dependence does not only concern the domain of being, falling within the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the human descriptive predictive. It also concerns the ought-to-be and therefore the normative sciences (ethics, political theory, law, and normative economy). Here interdependence is much more problematic since it is opposed to freedom. This article discusses the various interdependencies and political solutions that are offered to take care of this needs, architectures for discussing climate change politically: systems (N. Luhmann) and deliberation (J. Habermas). It then proposes another solution, that of moral and political consideration.

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Di Salvatore, Jessica, i Andrea Ruggeri. "Spatial analysis for political scientists". Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 51, nr 2 (11.05.2021): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2021.7.

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AbstractHow does space matter in our analyses? How can we evaluate diffusion of phenomena or interdependence among units? How biased can our analysis be if we do not consider spatial relationships? All the above questions are critical theoretical and empirical issues for political scientists belonging to several subfields from Electoral Studies to Comparative Politics, and also for International Relations. In this special issue on methods, our paper introduces political scientists to conceptualizing interdependence between units and how to empirically model these interdependencies using spatial regression. First, the paper presents the building blocks of any feature of spatial data (points, polygons, and raster) and the task of georeferencing. Second, the paper discusses what a spatial matrix (W) is, its varieties and the assumptions we make when choosing one. Third, the paper introduces how to investigate spatial clustering through visualizations (e.g. maps) as well as statistical tests (e.g. Moran's index). Fourth and finally, the paper explains how to model spatial relationships that are of substantive interest to some of our research questions. We conclude by inviting researchers to carefully consider space in their analysis and to reflect on the need, or the lack thereof, to use spatial models.

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Bârsan, Ghiţă, Anca Dinicu, Vasile Năstăsescu i Romana Oancea. "Estimating the Degree of Region’s Vulnerability in Case of Natural Disasters". International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, nr 3 (1.06.2016): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0086.

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Abstract Estimating the degree of vulnerability of a region implies both the identification of the dependencies as well as of the interdependencies. The dependencies refer to a set of physical, social, economic, environmental and political-military conditions and processes and the interdependencies have in view physical, cyber, geographical and logical aspects that may indirectly affect the daily rhythm of the population, the economy or even the national security. The present paper aims at estimating the degree of vulnerability by constructing a model that would determine the index of vulnerability associated to a given area, an index that is directly dependent on demographic, economic, governmental factors, on the interdependence with other sectors and also on the history of the events that occurred in the area in the recent years.

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Feakin, Tobias. "Old Interests, New Interdependencies". RUSI Journal 152, nr 6 (grudzień 2007): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840701863075.

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Ernst, Stefanie, i Thomas Salumets. "Norbert Elias and Human Interdependencies". Contemporary Sociology 32, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089892.

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Saputra, Allan Dharma. "The Rise and fall of the Australian Agricultural Visa: An Analysis of Labor Migration Policies in the Context of Regional Geopolitics". Journal of Social Science 5, nr 4 (8.07.2024): 962–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jss.v5i4.875.

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This article examines how domestic political dynamics and regional geopolitical considerations influenced the rise and fall of Australia's short-lived Agricultural Visa (AAV) program aimed at recruiting workers from ASEAN countries. Employing a qualitative case study approach and drawing on neoliberal economic theory, securitization theory, and complex interdependence theory, the analysis reveals key tensions. The AAV's genesis reflected neoliberal narratives of filling labor shortages, but its demise exemplified concerns over worker exploitation and adverse impacts on local labor standards. The visa also became entangled in Australia's strategic rivalry with China in the Pacific, with labor migration becoming a securitized issue. Crucially, the case exposes challenges of policy coherence, as actions in the security domain strained Australia's ASEAN relationships. The findings underscore the need for holistic approaches balancing economic needs, worker rights, regional diplomacy, and evolving security dynamics when crafting labor migration policies amidst complex global interdependencies. The AAV's failure serves as a cautionary tale about piecemeal, politically expedient migration strategies disconnected from on-the-ground realities.

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Pinto, Jorge. "Green Republicanism as a non-neutral and convivial politics". Ethics, Politics & Society 3 (4.11.2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.3.1.116.

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Green republicanism can be described as a subset of republican political theory that aims to promote human flourishing by ensuring a non-dominating and ecologically sustainable republic. It expands the republican idea of social interdependence with the natural world, and therefore requires promoting and protecting the autonomy within those interdependencies. As such, green republicanism will focus on moving away from the current situation of ecological unsustainability while protecting freedom as non-domination. In this article, I offer a green republican justification for non-neutrality while remaining non-perfectionist. Furthermore, I argue that participation and deliberation is essential in defining the concrete politics that should guide green republicanism. To do so I examine the idea of conviviality and argue that green republicanism is the political theory best placed to ensure the objective of conviviality: it allows individuals to confront their views and to cooperate, acknowledging the finitude of the planet’s natural resources.

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Hedlund, Johanna, Örjan Bodin i Daniel Nohrstedt. "Assessing Policy Issue Interdependencies in Environmental Governance". International Journal of the Commons 15, nr 1 (1.04.2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijc.1060.

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Rogers-Dillon, Robin, i Lynne Haney. "Minimizing Vulnerability: Selective Interdependencies After Welfare Reform". Qualitative Sociology 28, nr 3 (sierpień 2005): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11133-005-6369-6.

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Ilkowski, Filip. "Ekonomiczne i polityczne współzależności i sprzeczności koncentracji władzy w kapitalizmie (w kręgu interpretacji myśli Marksa)". Studia Politologiczne 2020, nr 55 (21.03.2020): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2020.55.2.

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The article presents various manifestations of concentration of power characteristic of tendencies existing within the capitalist system. The interdependencies and contradictions of related processes are presented in the directly economic and political dimensions. In relation to the problem, the adequacy of understanding the developmental tendencies of capitalism in Marx’s approach and some of the later thinkers rooted in various ideological traditions referring to Marxism is examined.

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Monstadt, Jochen. "Conceptualizing the Political Ecology of Urban Infrastructures: Insights from Technology and Urban Studies". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, nr 8 (sierpień 2009): 1924–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4145.

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The debate on urban sustainability has now been on the research agenda for a number of years. One element that has, however, been undertheorized and empirically understudied is the crucial importance of networked urban infrastructures for the ecological sustainability of cities. These infrastructures mediate resource flows and vitally shape environmental practices and sociotechnical innovation in cities. It is thus argued that we need adequate conceptual approaches which reflect the complex interdependencies between cities, networked infrastructures, and urban ecologies and which broaden our understanding of the ways we can develop, govern, and renew our infrastructures in cities in a sustainable way. Scrutinizing the relevant debates both in technology studies and in urban studies, the author reveals that none of the theoretical approaches discussed seems entirely suitable for conceptualizing these interdependencies and the requirements for the sustainable redesign of urban infrastructures. The author shows, however, how urban and technology studies might inspire, complement, and benefit each other in conceptualizing the urban political ecology of networked infrastructures. Combining elements of the different analytical approaches, it is argued, could create new opportunities for the empirical study of infrastructures.

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Bandelow, Nils C., Johanna Hornung, Fritz Sager i Ilana Schröder. "Multilevel interdependencies and policy capacity in Europe". European Policy Analysis 10, nr 1 (luty 2024): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/epa2.1202.

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Parthasarathi, Vibodh, i Adrian Athique. "Market matters: interdependencies in the Indian media economy". Media, Culture & Society 42, nr 3 (18.08.2019): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719853495.

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In the complex operations of the Indian media economy, the phrase ‘media markets’ requires careful consideration as an analytical concept. As a noun, ‘media markets’ is typically used to refer to a spread of media businesses and/or consumer sectors. Closer examination reveals that there tend to be multiple markets operating simultaneously within any media business (for products, capital, labour, audience, etc.). This implies an ‘economy of markets’, transacting both across media formats and with markets situated outside of the media production process. Both ‘media exchanges’ and ‘mediated exchanges’ shape the dynamics of the inter-locking markets that constitute the Indian media economy. Thus, at the categorical level, we ask several questions: What are the boundaries of media markets? Who are the key actors? How are these transactional relationships valued? With these questions in mind, this article seeks to identify points of distinction in form and geography along with critical relationships between overlapping markets and underlying interests. We propose a topology of Indian media markets, organised via three levels, with treatment of each taking into consideration the synergistic character of media markets and how interdependency shapes functional norms, rules of exchange, and the embedding of media transactions.

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Andreoni, Antonio, i Ha-Joon Chang. "The political economy of industrial policy: Structural interdependencies, policy alignment and conflict management". Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 48 (marzec 2019): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2018.10.007.

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Yanovskiy, Konstantin, i Sergey Shulgin. "Institutions, democracy and growth in the very long run". Acta Oeconomica 63, nr 4 (1.12.2013): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.63.2013.4.5.

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We tested the hypothesis of the political basis for economic rights and constructed our own variables of political regimes’ classification for the years 1820–2000. We found significant positive interdependencies between democracy indicators and economic growth. The protection of private property rights requires, first and foremost, due guarantees for personal immunity. Discretionary arrests and property seizures undermine any formal guarantees of private property, low taxation benefits, etc. Personal immunity should be defended even for “unpleasant” persons or for the possible political opponents of the country’s ruler.

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Martins, José Garrucho, Carlos Miguel Ferreira i Sandro Serpa. "Interdependencies between COVID-19, Mental Illness and Living Uneasiness". Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, nr 1 (17.01.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0001.

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The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a profound change in the daily practices and symbolic representations of individuals, with strong social, economic and political implications, which no one is immune to. This article seeks to understand how a pandemic, specifically COVID-19, can generate or potentiate different forms of mental illness and living uneasiness. Thus, the aim is to know the varied manifestations of psychological suffering, from mild psychiatric disorders to the most intrusive ones, not forgetting the forms of widespread suffering which the pandemic causes and which are not reduced to the categories defined by the process of psychiatry. The relationships between mental illness, living uneasiness and COVID-19 are complex and multidimensional. Received: 13 October 2020 / Accepted: 12 December 2020/ Published: 17 January 2021

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Atabaki, T. "Constitutionalism in Iran and Its Asian Interdependencies". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 28, nr 1 (1.01.2008): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-2007-061.

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Dijkstra, Jacob, i Marcel A. L. M. van Assen. "The Comparison of Four Types of Everyday Interdependencies". Rationality and Society 20, nr 1 (luty 2008): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463107085435.

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Mandell, Myrna P. "Managing Interdependencies through Program Structures: A Revised Paradigm". American Review of Public Administration 24, nr 1 (marzec 1994): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027507409402400106.

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Chellaswamy, Karthigai Prakasam, Natchimuthu N. i Muhammadriyaj Faniband. "Chinese and Indian Stock Markets: Linkages and Interdependencies". Research in World Economy 12, nr 2 (11.01.2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v12n2p228.

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This paper examines the stock market linkages and interdependencies between China and India. We use the quantile regression approach as an alternative to Ordinary Least Squares estimation due to its flexibleness and robustness. Our results of the entire time period reveal the influence of Chinese CPI and ER on Nifty returns is not the same across the different quantiles. However, Chinese IR has no impact on Nifty returns. Further, Indian CPI has a negligible effect on SSE returns. In contrast, IR and ER do not affect SSE returns. This study also observes that the dependence structure between CPI and SSE returns indicates a negligible change post-recession period. However, the dependence structure between IR, ER, and SSE returns has not changed after the recession. Further, a significantly small change is found in the dependence structure between Chinese macroeconomic variables and Nifty returns post-recession.

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Thurner, Paul W., Christian S. Schmid, Skyler J. Cranmer i Göran Kauermann. "Network Interdependencies and the Evolution of the International Arms Trade". Journal of Conflict Resolution 63, nr 7 (29.10.2018): 1736–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002718801965.

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Since few states are able to produce all of their own military hardware, a majority of countries’ military systems rely on weapon imports. The structure of the international defense technology exchange network remains an important puzzle to understand, along with the factors that drive its evolution. Drawing on a political economy model of arms supply, we propose a new network-oriented explanation for the worldwide transactions of major conventional weapons in the period after World War II. Using temporal exponential random graph models, our dynamic approach illustrates how network dependencies and the relative weighting of economic versus security considerations vary over time. One of our major results is to demonstrate how security considerations started regaining importance over economic ones after 2001. Additionally, our model exhibits strong out-of-sample predictive performance, with network dependencies contributing to model improvement especially after the Cold War.

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Málnássy, András. "Turkey and Its Northwest Borderland Region: Interdependence Within Southeastern European Relations". Foreign Policy Review 14, nr 3 (2021): 85–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.47706/kkifpr.2021.3.85-111.

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This paper examines the relationship between Turkey and the countries in Southeastern Europe in terms of complex interdependencies. The study uses Buzan and Waever’s Regional Security Complex Theory as a theoretical framework, in which Southeastern Europe is viewed as a regional security sub-complex. Sectors of interdependence are reviewed and examined in relation to the region, including the military, political, economic, societal, and environmental segments. The study focuses on the economy in more depth and sees it as a sector the development of which can promote and increase not only social welfare but also the stability of the region. In this sector, EU Member States are considered key players with respect to the region, although Turkey may also step up its efforts in the post-Covid period. The EU and Turkey represent two different poles in Southeastern Europe, geographically and economically. Ankara has strong positions mainly in the Balkan countries that are more dependent on Turkey and have significant Muslim minorities.

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Kharlamova, Ganna. "Economic prospects in the context of growing regional interdependencies: the European Union and the eastern partnership". Ekonomika 94, nr 2 (1.01.2015): 47–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2015.2.8232.

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The paper deals with the European Union programme devoted to the eastern neighboring states. Through its European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), the EU works with its southern and eastern neighbours to achieve the closest possible political association and the greatest possible degree of economic integration. This goal builds on common interests and values — democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights, and social cohesion. The EU is concerned that, despite sufficient funding and support from the EU, the targeted states did not raise to the EU targets for the programme or at least to a relevant one. We assume that such fact happened mostly because, although having very diverse economic and reform pasts emerged from the post-soviet period, they were considered and approached as a single group. The main hypothesis: has the umbrella of the EU funds in terms of the EaP provided for the six targeted states to intensify the growth of regional interdependencies as well as political cooperation and progressive economic integration? The main goal of the paper is to assess, by means of the statistical and comparison approach, the development and the economic sustainability of six targeted states (Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) in the period before and after the programme launching – the degree of regional interdependence and economic integration. The research was conducted using the methods of empirical (regression) analysis, theoretical explanations, descriptive analysis, and the Granger causality test.

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Dinicu, Anca. "Sovereignty, a Swinging Concept Between International Law and Political Reality". Land Forces Academy Review 23, nr 3 (1.09.2018): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2018-0021.

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Abstract The State, as the fundamental unit of the international system, appeals to ultimate power and authority in order to control its own domestic affairs and claims equality as a legal basis regarding its relation with other legal political units. But the existence of the sovereign state in the current international context, where the multiple interdependencies generate divergence and cooperation in the same, is subject to permanent challenges. And the issue is not easy approachable in theory, nor in practice. Like other concepts, as security or democracy, the concept of sovereignty needs to be updated according to the new rules revealed by the process of globalization, rules that are defined not by the equal states, but by the powerful ones.

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Murawska, Anna. "Assessment of the relationship between regional variability in the level of education and population income: application of multivariate comparative analysis". Ekonomia i Prawo 22, nr 4 (31.12.2023): 729–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eip.2023.039.

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Motivation: The relationship between the level of education and population income lies at the heart of current scientific and political debates on the social and economic development of countries. The issue is an important one, as the gap between countries in this regard is large and has widened even further amid the current economic crisis that started in 2020 and is a result of, among others, the Covid-19 pandemic.Aim: The present article aimed to undertake a multivariate comparative analysis of population level of education (EL) and income (IL), construct synthetic measures of the phenomena under study, rank and classify the objects/countries studied, and investigate whether significant interdependencies exist between the level of education and income inequality. Additionally, an effort was made to determine the scale of changes and variability in the phenomena explored, both prior (before 2020) to and during the economic crisis (years 2020–2021).Results: The study confirmed the existence of a significant interdependence between populations’ education level (EL) and income level (IL) variability across EU regions. The marginalization of and disparity among several of the EU(27) countries has intensified even further during the current economic crisis. Significant correlations exist between countries with high population incomes and the percentages of individuals holding tertiary education qualifications as well as the adults pursuing further education. Concomitantly, as the percentage of young people not in education or employment falls, countries’ GDP and income levels increase, while income inequality and the risk of poverty decrease. The understanding of the aforementioned interdependencies is vital for the implementation of education policy as one of the biggest levers reducing educational disparities and thus income inequality in the population.

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Fischer, Manuel, i Nicolas W. Jager. "How Policy-Specific Factors Influence Horizontal Cooperation among Subnational Governments: Evidence from the Swiss Water Sector". Publius: The Journal of Federalism 50, nr 4 (2020): 645–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjaa002.

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Abstract Horizontal cooperation among political systems is crucial for addressing large-scale and boundary-crossing policy problems. This article introduces and analyzes policy-specific factors that help to explain horizontal cooperation among subnational-governments. It thereby builds on but specifies arguments from the literature on horizontal federalism that has usually been focusing on general institutional and societal factors to explain cooperation. These factors capture how a given policy problem unfolds (problem pressure), the ways in which subnational governments are exposed to and experience its consequences in similar or unequal ways (functional interdependencies and their symmetry), and how the issues are treated domestically (problem awareness). We illustrate the potential importance of these factors by analyzing treaties among Swiss substates in the water domain and relying on network analytic methods. We find that problem awareness and functional interdependencies and their (a)symmetries are important, whereas problem pressure has a mixed influence, depending on the issue area.

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Common, Michael S. "INDIRECT INTERDEPENDENCIES AS A FUNDAMENTAL SOURCE OF MARKET FAILURE". Scottish Journal of Political Economy 38, nr 2 (maj 1991): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1991.tb00306.x.

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Oueslati, Jihene Ghouli, Nadia Basty i Lamis Klouj. "Euro-Mediterranean Financial Markets Reaction to Political Elections". International Journal of Social and Administrative Sciences 6, nr 2 (3.09.2021): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.136.2021.62.70.85.

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This paper studies a sample of Euro-Mediterranean countries to test the link of political-financial interdependencies. We focus specifically on the impact of the occurrence of national elections on the reaction of financial markets. We used the GARCH (1,1) model and the concept of the volatility multiplier to test our hypotheses. The results established that political elections have a significant impact on stock market performance and volatility for Euro-Mediterranean countries. We detected anomalous behavior in stock market returns. Stock market returns on election day and in the days following the election are inversely higher as uncertainty about the election outcome decreases. Investor uncertainty, combined with the consequences of the multiparty system in Euro-Mediterranean countries, leads to negative abnormal returns around elections. In terms of volatility, we found that the greater degree of uncertainty about the situation and the market disruption affected by the media and social networks increase volatility before election day.

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Sternberg, Claudia S. "Political legitimacy between democracy and effectiveness: trade-offs, interdependencies, and discursive constructions by the EU institutions". European Political Science Review 7, nr 4 (19.12.2014): 615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000356.

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This paper addresses the relationship between political legitimacy arising from a link with the ‘will of the people’, and political legitimacy arising from beneficial consequences for them. Questioning the common assumption of an inherent trade-off between ‘input’ and ‘output legitimacy’, it suggests that the two necessarily go together, and that their relationship is continuously reconstructed through discursive contestation. These claims are first substantiated conceptually, in reference to the legitimacy literature in European Union (EU) Studies, which is situated in the broader fields of Political Theory and Comparative Politics. In a second step, the argument is developed on the grounds of empirical case material: an interpretive, non-quantitative reconstruction of the changing discourses on EU legitimacy by the European institutions from the 1950s to the early 2000s.

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Nieto, Adriana P., i Matthew S. Makley. "A brief history of interdependencies and water on the Colorado plateau". Orbis 65, nr 4 (2021): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2021.08.007.

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Sbragia, Alberta. "Capital Markets and Central–Local Politics in Britain". British Journal of Political Science 16, nr 3 (lipiec 1986): 311–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400004439.

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Local government borrowing is often referred to as a highly technical, not to say arcane, activity of local government. It should not be dismissed so easily. In reality, such borrowing illuminates broader relations between government and market by highlighting interdependencies which exist between central government, local government and financial markets.

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Juhl, Sebastian. "Measurement Uncertainty in Spatial Models: A Bayesian Dynamic Measurement Model". Political Analysis 27, nr 3 (9.11.2018): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2018.35.

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According to spatial models of political competition, parties strategically adjust their ideological positions to movements made by rival parties. Spatial econometric techniques have been proposed to empirically model such interdependencies and to closely convert theoretical expectations into statistical models. Yet, these models often ignore that the parties’ ideological positions are latent variables and, as such, accompanied by a quantifiable amount of uncertainty. As a result, the implausible assumption of perfectly measured covariates impedes a proper evaluation of theoretical propositions. In order to bridge this gap between theory and empirics, the present work combines a spatial econometric model and a Bayesian dynamic item response model. The proposed model accurately accounts for measurement uncertainty and simultaneously estimates the parties’ ideological positions and their spatial interdependencies. To verify the model’s utility, I apply it to recorded votes from the sixteen German state legislatures in the period from 1988 to 2016. While exhibiting a notable degree of ideological mobility, the results indicate only moderate spatial dependencies among parties of the same party family. More importantly, the analysis illustrates how measurement uncertainty can lead to substantively different results which stresses the importance of appropriately incorporating theoretical expectations into statistical models.

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Hemmerechts, Kenneth, Nohemi Jocabeth Echeverria Vicente i Dimokritos Kavadias. "The Order of Human Interdependencies: Simulating Elias’ One-level Multi-person Models". Sociological Research Online 22, nr 4 (16.11.2017): 105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780417732954.

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Sociologist Norbert Elias made it his lifework to describe and explain long-term processes. According to Elias, these processes cannot be studied voluntaristically by only focusing on human intentions or motivations. This is because they are the unplanned result of a whole spectrum of interactions of different people over time. According to Elias, these interactions between individuals interweave to produce a development that is relatively autonomous from the actions of individuals. To illustrate how the actions of individuals interweave and produce emergent dynamics, Elias constructed several theoretical models that are simplified versions of social processes. Importantly, the different models state precise propositions and consequences of specific types of interweaving that can be formally tested. This article simulates the Eliasian approach to social life. We reproduce the theoretical models of Elias with a method that is highly suited to investigate their emergent dynamics: agent-based modelling. Agent-based models are computer models that simulate agents (i.e. individuals or groups of individuals) and their interaction with other agents. More specifically, we test whether the theorized consequences of the Eliasian models exist when we implement their propositions in a computational framework.

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Ferraz Lorenzo, Manuel, i Cristian Machado-Trujillo. "Educational Transfer, Modernization and Development: The Transnational Approach in History of Education Studies". Foro de Educación 18, nr 2 (2.07.2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/fde.852.

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Research focused on the concept of the international or, rather, of international influences and interdependencies, has become a highly recurrent line of work that has been acquiring a notable presence in the field of the History of Education. The objective of this approach to historiographical work is justified as it attempts to explain with a better precision and accuracy what has happened within national borders, or even within more defined perimeters such as regional and local ones. The transfer of ideas and projects, the importation or imitation of pedagogical models, the transfer and influence of educational and school practices, the links and connections between different cultural scenarios and knowledge, the dependencies and interdependencies of international organizations, among other aspects, have led to new and more plausible analyses of educational processes and the political and social will that fostered them. The present work focuses on researching how these practices have evolved, and their networks of connection and exchange, in order to better understand educational and curricular policies in their historical development.

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Curry, Graham. "The making of modern soccer: a product of multiple interdependencies". Soccer & Society 20, nr 7-8 (20.10.2019): 1014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2019.1680500.

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Rossi, Luca, Nicola Righetti i Giada Marino. "(Nearly) Ten Years of Social Media and Political Elections in Italy: Questions, Platforms, and Methods". Social Media + Society 7, nr 4 (październik 2021): 205630512110634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211063460.

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In this article, we reconstruct the academic discourse surrounding social media and elections in an Italian context. We follow Neumayer and Rossi’s conceptualization of academic discourse concerning political protest and digital technology as constructed out of three components: (a) the social phenomena under investigation, (b) technological development, and (c) methods and techniques. In the context of social media and elections, these three components may be identified as (a) the research questions that researchers seek to answer, (b) the social media platforms and data used for the analysis, and (c) the methods adopted to analyze the data. While these three dimensions are deeply intertwined, we argue that, when analyzed independently, it is possible to better see both the longitudinal evolution of each dimension and their interdependencies.

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Harutyunyan, Gayane. "The impact of military expenditure on external debt in Armenia". JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 16, nr 2 (czerwiec 2023): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2023/16-2/9.

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The paper explores the impact of military expenditure on external debt in Armenia using time series for 1994-2020. The purpose of this study was to verify the initial hypothesis that the main factor in the rise of Armenia’s external debt is the increase in military spending directed at paying for the import of military products. The study was conducted using Johansen’s cointegration and Granger’s causality tests. The results of Johansen’s cointegration test showed that there are long-term interdependencies between military expenditure and external debt, as well as between trade balance and external debt; meanwhile the long-term interdependence between non-military expenditures and external debt was not found. The results of Granger’s causality test showed that the military expenditure caused an increase in external debt with a two-year time lag, and a similar causal relationship was also found between the current account balance and external debt. But more remarkable is the fact that the current account balance also caused a change in military expenditure, while the reverse causality has not been established.

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Ienna, Gerardo, i Giulia Rispoli. "The 1931 London Congress: The Rise of British Marxism and the Interdependencies of Society, Nature and Technology". HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 15, nr 1 (1.06.2021): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2021-0005.

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Abstract The Second International Conference of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine, held in London in 1931, exerted a profound influence on the historiography of science, giving rise to a new research field in the anglophone world at the intersection of social and political studies and the history of science and technology. In particular, Boris Hessen’s presentation on the Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s Principia successfully ushered in a new tradition in the historiography of science. This article introduces and discusses the London conference as a benchmark in the history of the social study of science within a Marxist and materialist tradition. In contemporary science and technology studies, political epistemology, and the study of society-nature interaction, it is no less relevant today than it was at the beginning of the fabulous 1930s. In reconstructing some important theses presented by the Soviet delegation in London, we aim to revive the conference’s legacy and the approach promoted on that occasion as a pretext to address current debates about society’s major transition toward a new agency and ways of existence in the Earth system. In particular, the London conference invited us to think of the growing metabolic rift between society, technology, and nature, and further reflects a historical moment of profound environmental and political crisis.

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Volkmer, Ingrid, Ansgard Heinrich i Lea Hellmueller. "Journalism in a globalized risk arena: Between networks, interdependencies and power relations". International Communication Gazette 85, nr 8 (grudzień 2023): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01427237231219093.

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Hamann, Steffi. "Not home-made: Historical and contemporary social policy dynamics in Cameroon". Global Social Policy 20, nr 3 (7.06.2020): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468018120923235.

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Social policy development trajectories in post-colonial sub-Saharan African states deviate from those in highly industrialized countries. Recent research endeavours established broad patterns of global interdependencies dating back to colonialism. This article contributes to these efforts by presenting a case study of the dynamics animating social policy development in Cameroon. It examines the progressive evolution of global determinants and their impacts on Cameroon’s welfare system over three periods: (1) decolonialization and post-colonial restructuring in the mid-20th century, (2) structural adjustment in response to the 1980s’ debt crisis and (3) the contemporary era of market liberalization driven by accelerated economic globalization. The research draws on a mixed-methods approach involving a document analysis and a survey administered in 400 rural households. Findings indicate that horizontal interdependencies were predominant in the establishment phase of Cameroon’s national social insurance scheme, but eventually gave way to vertical interdependencies in the 1980s. Recent efforts to advance economic liberalization represent a return to horizontal transnational forces, given the growing influence of multinational corporations on the country’s social security landscape. The study reinforces existing research insights in showing that, unlike social protection in the global north, social policy dynamics in Africa tend to actively contribute to the marginalization of underprivileged groups.

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Lofgren, Hans. "Towards a socio-political understanding of the pharmaceutical sector". Australian Health Review 28, nr 2 (2004): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040147.

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MUCH IS AT STAKE in scientific and technological, and economic and political, processes pertaining to the biosciences and pharmaceuticals. The value of the global drug industry is approaching US$500 billion while the health needs of the developing countries are of staggering proportion. From an Australian perspective, opportunities and constraints of medicinal drug policy are associated closely with rapid and possibly fundamental shifts occurring within the worldwide pharmaceutical industry, as well as global regulatory developments. Several articles in this special issue of Australian Health Review provide insight into these global dynamics. Other contributions explore policy themes of particular interest to an Australian readership. Writers on medicinal drug policy and regulation come from a variety of disciplines, including business and management, health and social policy studies, economics, sociology, and political science. The range and volume of the specialised literature on this sector reflects its social and economic significance and its unmatched complexity in terms of interdependencies between business, government, professions, and civil society actors. Most articles in this issue have an emphasis on politics and sociology ? this may compensate somewhat for the dominance usually exercised by economists in framing social science research and policy debate on pharmaceuticals.

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Maroulis, Spiro, i Uri Wilensky. "Social and Task Interdependencies in the Street-Level Implementation of Innovation". Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 25, nr 3 (7.03.2014): 721–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mut084.

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Glass, Michael R., i David J. Hayward. "Innovation and Interdependencies in the New Zealand Custom Boat‐building Industry". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25, nr 3 (wrzesień 2001): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00330.

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Fetzer, Anita. "“Our Chief Political Editor reads between the lines of the Chancellor’s Budget speech”". Internet Pragmatics 1, nr 1 (28.05.2018): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ip.00003.fet.

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Abstract This paper examines the multilayeredness of computer-mediated political discourse, focussing on the interdependencies between the contextual constraints and requirements of the medium on the one hand, and contextualisation, indexicality of communicative action and conversational implicature on the other. Particular attention is given to implicit and entextualised references to differences between what is said and what is meant in the communicative act of follow-up, to the importation of context and provision of background information, to their function with respect to the interactional organisation of (non)credibility and argumentative (non)coherence, and to the co-construction of discourse common ground. Within the context of computer-mediated political discourse, these references are used strategically to accommodate the contextual constraints and requirements of a multilayered reception format and their multilayered felicity conditions, and to support speaker-intended interpretation of multilayered discourse on the production side.

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Lenkiewicz, Tomasz. "Rola i znaczenie międzynarodowych rozwiązań prawnych wobec procesów globalizacji". Cywilizacja i Polityka 14, nr 14 (30.10.2016): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0241.

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Growing international interdependencies, weakening of internal and external sovereignty of the state and necessity of joint overcoming of problems and global threats reveals the necessity of creating new rules of global order, based not only on nation-states, but also on growing number of international organizations and institutions, regional groupings, communities and local organizations. The globalization of political life fosters rise of number of institutions, organizations and international groupings and development of international law. The cooperation between them should respect the rules of equality, freedom, democracy, partnership, solidarity, respect for cultural diversity and environmental protection.

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Wódka, Jakub. "Polityka Turcji w rejonie Morza Czarnego – relacje z Ukrainą a miękkie równoważenie Rosji". Sprawy Międzynarodowe 73, nr 4 (31.12.2020): 131–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2020.73.4.05.

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Against the backdrop of Turkish-Russian cooperative rivalry – an ambiguous relationship fraught with strategic competition on the one hand, and driven by cooperation in key areas (energy, defence) on the other, the article surveys the growing interdependencies between Turkey and Ukraine and seeks to answer the question whether closer bonds – political and military – between these two countries could be seen as a strategy of soft balancing against Russia. On a broader level, the article speculates on the complex nature of Turkey-Russia relations, which have become increasingly volatile, transactional, opportunistic and compartmentalized.

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Zaugg, Franziska, i Jason Chandrinos. "Civil Wars in the Shadow of World War II: The Cases of Chameria/Çameria and Kosovo". Journal of Modern European History 20, nr 4 (listopad 2022): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130226.

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This article assesses the occurrence of civil war in the Balkans during World War II and the Axis occupation. It draws on the wartime experiences in the border areas of Kosovo (‘Greater Albania’)/Serbia and Albania/Greece to illustrate the complex interrelation between ethnic tensions and political imperatives, on a local, national and transnational scale. It discusses the Italian and German occupation policy towards national minorities and armed groups as a key contributing factor to civil war and pinpoints the similarities, differences and interdependencies between the different civil war parties and agents of violence.

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Jongsthapongpanth, Annitra, i Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen. "US-Asia Interdependencies: A Study of Business and Knowledge Links". Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 12, nr 2 (3.04.2007): 215–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860701252546.

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Hjertaker, Ingrid, i Bent Sofus Tranøy. "The Dollar as a Mutual Problem: New Transatlantic Interdependence in Finance". Politics and Governance 10, nr 2 (18.05.2022): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v10i2.5028.

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When the 2007 global financial crisis hit financial markets, European leaders were quick to point the finger at US markets, excessive risk-taking, and insufficient regulation. However, it soon became apparent that European banks were more exposed than their Wall Street counterparts. With massive dollar liabilities, European banks were dependent on the US to act as a global lender of last resort. The crisis revealed a level of transatlantic interdependence that had been unknown to most observers and policymakers prior to the crisis. We argue that this represents a paradox, given that the project of the European Monetary Union was partly motivated by a desire to make Europe more independent from the US dollar. The euro was a response to the challenge of “it’s our dollar, but it’s your problem.” In this article, we examine how the European vulnerability to the US dollar that began post-Bretton Woods did not, in fact, disappear with the creation of a European currency. Instead, through financialization and deregulation, European financial markets developed new, complex interactions with US financial markets. This financialization of transatlantic banking flows created a new type of interdependence. As European banks were so heavily invested in US markets, this gave the US authorities a direct interest in bailing them out. While cross-border banking flows have decreased since the crisis, the interdependencies remain, and currency swaps were used once again to handle the economic fallout from Covid-19. In the area of financial and monetary policy, the transatlantic relationship remains strong and stable within a dollar hegemony.

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Vogeler, Colette S., Malte Möck, Nils C. Bandelow i Boris Schröder. "Livestock Farming at the Expense of Water Resources? The Water–Energy–Food Nexus in Regions with Intensive Livestock Farming". Water 11, nr 11 (7.11.2019): 2330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112330.

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Policymaking in the water–energy–food nexus is characterized by complex ecological, social, and economic interdependencies. Nexus research assumes these interactions to be overseen in the respective resource governance resulting in sectoral perspectives contributing to unsustainable outcomes. In Germany, the political priority given to the formation of an internationally competitive livestock sector by means of intensification, specialization and regional concentration has exerted sustained pressure on water and soil resources. The expansion of bioenergy plants promoted by the renewable energy act has exacerbated the situation. Despite the persistency of the ecological challenges, German policymakers only reacted when the European Commission referred Germany to the European Court of Justice. Current policy efforts to tackle the ecological problems are now provoking disruptions in the agrarian sector in regions with high nitrate concentrations in water resources. By combining the social-ecological systems framework with hypotheses derived from nexus research, we explore the interactions between food, water and energy systems and aim at understanding the unsustainable outcomes. We argue that the non-consideration of the complex interdependencies between the agricultural, the water and the energy system in policymaking and the divergence of policy goals constitute a major cause of unsustainable governance.

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