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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Political influences”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 stycznia 2023

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1

Kurihara, Yutaka. "How and What has Influenced Cryptocurrency Prices? Economic influences or political Influences". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, nr 8 (19.08.2022): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.98.12888.

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Cryptocurrency has been prevailing gradually with repeating fluctuation in value. Cryptocurrency is not classified as a legal currency but a private financial management system that self-managed and is not managed by central banks or governments. Cryptocurrency is different from any other currency used around the world. Unlike central bank- and government-issued currency, the value of cryptocurrency is able to be inflated as the volume of it has a finite limit. The usage of cryptocurrency enables us to send or receive any amount of currency to anyone at a very cheap cost compared to other monetary instruments. Since the introduction of cryptocurrency, it has received much attention. The trading volume of cryptocurrency has been increasing rapidly although the value has crashed occasionally. Some serious incidents have occurred, however, cryptocurrency may have overcome these situations. How and what has influenced cryptocurrency value has been discussed a lot from the view of economic aspects, however, a common consensus has not yet been reached. For this issue, there is a large difference from stocks or other financial assets or financial instruments. However, there is some possibility that political influences rather than economic influences may have impacts on the prices of cryptocurrency. This study employs U.S.-China trade disputes and examines the effects on prices of cryptocurrency. The results show that political issues along with economic issues, including some asset prices, have some influence on cryptocurrency.

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Fernandez, Kenneth E., i Matthew C. Dempsey. "The Local Political Context of Latino Partisanship". Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics 2, nr 2 (11.07.2017): 201–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rep.2017.5.

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AbstractThe question of how partisanship is influenced by exogenous factors has been vigorously debated, yet this debate is less frequently noted in the literature on Latino partisanship. This study analyzes the 2006 Latino National Survey with geographic identifiers to explore how the political context of a county influences Latino partisan self-identification. There are a variety of reasons why the political environment might influence Latinos’ partisan choice. First, a substantial proportion of the adult Latino population in the United States is foreign-born, potentially lessening the influence of parental partisan socialization. Second, increased migration to areas outside the Southwest has exposed Latinos to new and different social, political, and economic environments. Using subgroup analysis, interactive logit models, and regression discontinuity, we find that the local political context influences the party attachment of Latino immigrants in predictable ways. However, for Latinos born in the United States, our analysis does not provide evidence of a causal connection between partisan environment and an individual's partisan identification.

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Kelley, Patricia C. "Contextual Influences on Political Strategy". Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 1 (1990): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1990115.

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Clark, Adrian S. "RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES ON POLITICAL PARTICIPATION". Southeastern Political Review 26, nr 2 (12.11.2008): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1998.tb00483.x.

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Jang, Seong-Ho. "Type of Political Influences of UCC". Journal of the Korea Contents Association 10, nr 3 (28.03.2010): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2010.10.3.294.

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Clifford, Scott, Justin H. Kirkland i Elizabeth N. Simas. "How Dispositional Empathy Influences Political Ambition". Journal of Politics 81, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 1043–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/703381.

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Conway, Lucian Gideon, Linus Chan i Shailee R. Woodard. "Socio-ecological influences on political ideology". Current Opinion in Psychology 32 (kwiecień 2020): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.034.

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Gibbs, Lisa, Colin MacDougall i Karen Block. "Political reflexivity in post-bushfire research". Qualitative Research Journal 14, nr 3 (4.11.2014): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-12-2012-0028.

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Purpose – Post-disaster research presents particular challenges for the qualitative researcher due to the wider contextual demands of media attention, public debates and intense scrutiny of policy and service delivery. It highlights the importance of reflexive practice to identify and address any unintended influences on the research processes and outcomes. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper the authors present three case studies of post-bushfire research to demonstrate how the authors adopted a reflexive approach to address external pressures on the conduct and presentation of the research. Findings – There are various types of reflexivity identified in the literature to identify influences on the research participant and the research findings arising, for example, from the way the researcher shapes the research findings (personal reflexivity), and the influence of the research process (epistemological reflexivity). In this paper the authors argue for a different reflexivity: one that is political and has a direct influence on the researcher. Practical implications – Adoption of political reflexivity is an important tool in post-disaster research to ensure that external influences do not undermine the integrity of the research processes, findings and dissemination. Originality/value – The importance of reflexivity in research is well recognized as a means of addressing power and unintended influences on research participants and research processes. The authors introduce the notion of political reflexivity to this debate in recognition of the need to address the potential for research findings and reports to be compromised by political agendas.

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9

Sadiq, Muhammad, i Zaleha Othman. "Earnings manipulations in politically influenced firms". Corporate Ownership and Control 15, nr 1 (2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv15i1art6.

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This paper investigates the relationship between political influences and earnings manipulations because little has been known about the relationship between both variables using multiple proxies. The authors measure earnings manipulation using models developed by Bhattacharya et al. (2003) and McNichols (2002), for a large sample of 129 listed firms in Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2009–2013. This study finds that politically influenced firms are involved in accruals earnings management and lack transparency, implying lower earnings quality. Our findings are consistent with prior studies, which show the positive relationship between political influences and earnings manipulations. However, the authors add contribution by using three proxies of political influences. The findings are useful for regulators to monitor earnings manipulations activities among public listed companies. In addition, the findings add to the growing literature in the field of corporate governance.

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Hurtado, Aida, i Patricia Gurin. "Ethnic Identity and Bilingualism Attitudes". Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 9, nr 1 (marzec 1987): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073998638703090101.

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Attitudes toward bilingualism among a national sample of persons of Mexican descent are cast in a set of social psychological forces in which structural integration and childhood linguistic environment influence ethnic identity, which in turn influences bilingualism attitudes through its impact on political consciousness. Support is provided by evidence that ethnic identity, specifically a politically-framed conception of self as Chicana/Chicano and as part of la raza, fosters positive views of bilingualism both directly and indirectly through political consciousness. Ethnic identity also influences bilingualism attitudes through a different and contradictory path. Traditional self-conceptions as Mexican and Spanish-speaking directly encourage support of bilingualism but, at the same time, engage conservative political attitudes that discourage it.

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11

Lee, Sung Choon. "The Influences of Political Participation Awareness upon Citizens' Political Participation Action". Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 18, nr 1 (31.01.2017): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2017.18.1.395.

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Shaalan, Mohammed. "Political-Psychological Influences in Islamic Revivalist Movements". Political Psychology 7, nr 4 (grudzień 1986): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3791220.

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Mars, Perry. "Caribbean influences in African-American political struggles". Ethnic and Racial Studies 27, nr 4 (lipiec 2004): 565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01491987042000216717.

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ELLIOTT, EUEL, i PAUL WHITELEY. "Political Influences on Monetary Policy 1914-84". Governance 3, nr 4 (październik 1990): 367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.1990.tb00128.x.

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Cheng, Christine, i Margit Tavits. "Informal Influences in Selecting Female Political Candidates". Political Research Quarterly 64, nr 2 (17.11.2009): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912909349631.

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Archer, David W., Julie Dawson, Urs P. Kreuter, Mary Hendrickson i John M. Halloran. "Social and political influences on agricultural systems". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 23, nr 04 (30.06.2008): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217050700169x.

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AbstractAgricultural systems are situated within social and political environments that have tremendous influence on how they operate. If agricultural systems are to be sustainable, it is critical to understand how they are influenced by social and political factors. An expert panel approach was used to identify and rank the importance of social and political factors on agricultural systems in the US and to provide some insights into their impacts, interactions and mechanisms of influence. The panel identified a wide range of social and political factors that affect agricultural systems. The factors were divided into three categories: internal social factors, external social factors and political factors. Factors from each of the three categories were highly ranked, indicating that no single category dominated the others. Although there were contrasting views about the importance of some factors, there was strong consensus about many of them. Globalization and low margins that require increased scale and efficiency were identified as the two most important factors affecting agricultural systems. Several newly emerging factors were identified as well as factors needing further research. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is imperative to help guide scientific research so that beneficial discoveries are accepted and used, and to ensure that policy decisions enhance the future sustainability of agricultural production.

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17

Reilly, Wyn. "Political Influences on Management Training in Africa". Management Education and Development 20, nr 3 (październik 1989): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135050768902000306.

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Reilly, Wyn. "Political Influences on Management Training in Africa". Management Education and Development 20, nr 3 (październik 1989): 176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135050768902000316.

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Lu, Yi, Greg Shailer i Mark Wilson. "Corporate Political Donations: Influences from Directors’ Networks". Journal of Business Ethics 135, nr 3 (5.12.2014): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2458-3.

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Apple, Michael W. "Textbook publishing: The political and economic influences". Theory Into Practice 28, nr 4 (wrzesień 1989): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405848909543418.

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Broberg, J. Christian, Alexander McKelvie, Jeremy C. Short, David J. Ketchen i William P. Wan. "Political institutional structure influences on innovative activity". Journal of Business Research 66, nr 12 (grudzień 2013): 2574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.05.014.

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Sathita Dejthongpong. "The Influence of Political System, Political Regime, Party System on Political Participation of ASEAN Member States’ People". RUDN Journal of Political Science, nr 4 (15.12.2016): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2016-4-57-65.

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This article examines the influence of political system, political regime, party system on political participation of ASEAN member states. The ten ASEAN member states have unique political background. To understand how the political systems, political regimes and party systems influence the political participation, this article divides the ten ASEAN member states into 3 groups of political regime; democracy, authoritarianism, and communism. Although each ten ASEAN member states have different political regimes, they could unite as an association intended to form a framework for regional cooperation with the implementation of three main objectives: to promote economic development, social progress and cultural development in the region through collaboration; to strengthen peace and security in Southeast Asia; the development of cooperation and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields. The article applies the comparative analysis methodology by comparing political system, political regime, party system which have influences on political participation of ASEAN member states’ people.

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23

Arceneaux, Kevin, Martine Johnson i Hermine H. Maes. "The Genetic Basis of Political Sophistication". Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, nr 1 (luty 2012): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.15.1.34.

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Political sophistication is a concept that encompasses political reasoning, the coherence of people's issue attitudes, and their knowledge of political processes. To what extent is political sophistication affected by genes and environments? Do these distinct but related measures of sophistication share a common genetic structure? We analyze survey data collected from participants in the Minnesota Twin Registry to estimate influences of genes and environments on variables used to measure political sophistication. Additive genetic factors explain 48–76% of the variation in educational attainment, political interest, and political knowledge, while dominance genetics influence 28% of the variance of ideological consistency. Multivariate analyses show that, although these measures share common genetic and unique environmental factors to a modest extent, much of the variance is explained by specific genetic and unique environmental factors. Ideological consistency appears to be mostly distinct from the other measures, as it is strongly accounted for by unique environmental influences.

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24

Duncan, G. A. "Notes on the foundation of the Federal Theological Seminary of Southern Africa (Fedsem)". Verbum et Ecclesia 27, nr 3 (30.09.2006): 836–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v27i3.189.

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The Federal Theological Seminary of Southern Africa was established in a changing and fluid situation in 1960s South Africa both politically and ecclesiastically. Its foundation can be attributed to the influence of these national and church influences. Politically, the changing context in the educational world in particular and ecclesiastically, a growing tendency towards ecumenism both nationally and internationally contributed to the need for an independent institution which would train ministers for the mainline churches in a deteriorating political context. In addition, there was a strong view that the influence of the Holy Spirit was operative in the political context which ‘forced the church to be the church’.

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DALTON, RUSSELL J. "Political Parties and Political Representation". Comparative Political Studies 18, nr 3 (październik 1985): 267–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414085018003001.

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Political representation in most Western democracies occurs through and by political parties. Based on parallel surveys of voters and party elites in nine West European nations, this article examines how well parties perform their representation role. The opinions of voters and party elites are compared for 40 party dyads. In some cases there is close correspondence between these opinions (e.g., economic and security issues), but in other instances the evidence of voter-party agreement is substantially weaker (e.g., foreign policy). An examination of party characteristics and contextual factors suggests that the clarity of party positions, represented by a centralized party structure and noncentrist ideology, strongly influences the efficiency of the party linkage process.

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Perkins, Dwight. "Understanding political influences on Southeast Asia's development experience". Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy 1, nr 1 (5.07.2021): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/frep-03-2021-0021.

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PurposeThe per capita GDP of the countries of Southeast Asia (SEA) varies from less than $5,000 to over $97,000. This paper aims to analyze the political factors behind such variation, such as wars, extreme politics, political instability, and kleptocratic governments and leaders, and how they affect the development experience within the region.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the comparative political economy analysis approach to make a comparison among SEA countries using knowledge from well-known political–economic history and development data from World Development Indicators provided by World Bank.FindingsA long period of political stability creates a favorable environment for investment that, in return, stimulates sustained economic growth in SEA. The countries have all grown rapidly, but their experience of development varies. The four countries that avoided political extremes (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and Brunei) have the highest per capita incomes today. Those that have had long periods of war and political instability, but which have also had substantial periods of stability (Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines), come next. Cambodia and Laos have suffered long periods of war and are the least developed. Myanmar’s military rulers, through civil wars and kleptocratic mismanagement of the economy, have prevented growth much of the time.Originality/valueMost studies of Southeast Asian growth have analyzed the experience of single countries and missed the central role played by extreme politics, including wars, to explain why some countries have much higher per capita incomes than others. This paper is expected to fill this gap.

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Ahmad AL-RIFAI, Rabab. "POLITICAL AND SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON FASHION IN 1930S". International Journal of Design and Fashion Studies 2, nr 1 (1.06.2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijdfs.2019.180017.

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Anderson, Kevin. "Canadian Political History and Ideas: Intersections and Influences". History Compass 12, nr 5 (maj 2014): 444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12161.

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Price, Vincent, Lilach Nir i Joseph N. Cappella. "Normative and Informational Influences in Online Political Discussions". Communication Theory 16, nr 1 (luty 2006): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00005.x.

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Olson, M. "Agency rulemaking, political influences, regulation, and industry compliance". Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 15, nr 3 (1.10.1999): 573–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jleo/15.3.573.

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Leighley, Jan E. "Social Interaction and Contextual Influences On Political Participation". American Politics Quarterly 18, nr 4 (październik 1990): 459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x9001800404.

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Crone, Lisa, i John Tschirhart. "Separating economic from political influences on government decisions". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 35, nr 4 (maj 1998): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(98)00045-6.

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Fowler, Luke, i Joseph Breen. "Political Influences and Financial Incentives for Renewable Energy". Electricity Journal 27, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2013.12.006.

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Scheerens, Jaap, i Bert P. M. Creemers. "Political and organizational influences on middle school evaluations". International Journal of Educational Research 12, nr 5 (styczeń 1988): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(88)90028-6.

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Tranter, Bruce. "Social and political influences on environmentalism in Australia". Journal of Sociology 50, nr 3 (12.09.2012): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783312459102.

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Goodliffe, Jay, i Darren Hawkins. "Dependence Networks and the Diffusion of Domestic Political Institutions". Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, nr 4 (11.07.2016): 903–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715596772.

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How and to what extent do states influence the level of democracy and autocracy in other states? We argue that states exist internationally in dependence networks with each other and that those networks provide pathways for influence on a state’s domestic institutions. For any given state, a dependence network is a set of partner states with whom it regularly engages in exchanges of valued goods, where those exchanges would be costly to break. We find that an index of three such networks–trade, security and shared international organization membership–significantly influences the domestic political institutions in a given state. These changes are substantively large in the long run, similar in size to regional and global levels of democracy. State capabilities figure heavily in our network measures, thus emphasizing the role of power in the diffusion of domestic political institutions. We also find that network-influenced change works both ways: states can become more autocratic or more democratic.

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Blankenship, Kevin L., Kelly A. Kane i Carly R. Hewitt. "The Self-Validating Role of Political Ideology on Political Attitudes". Social Cognition 39, nr 4 (sierpień 2021): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2021.39.4.437.

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Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in the influence of ideology on the formation and maintenance of political attitudes. Much of this work has examined ideology as an individual difference that influences evaluations of political issues; these studies instead examined how one's ideology explicitly serves to polarize political opinions. Using the self-validation perspective as a theoretical backdrop, two studies examine the role of political ideology in validating thoughts about a political issue. In Study 1, considering one's political ideology after writing about one's attitude toward abortion increased thought confidence and attitude extremity related to abortion. Study 2 utilized a more subtle manipulation of ideology salience and found that political ideology validated thoughts about abortion, but not the issue of changing the legal drinking age (an issue less related to political ideology). These studies suggest that political ideology plays a role in attitude extremity and certainty toward ideology-relevant issues.

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우정무 i Jaechul Lee. "Influences of Political Culture on Democracy: Political System, Social Capital, Human Development Approach". Korea and World Politics 29, nr 2 (czerwiec 2013): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17331/kwp.2013.29.2.005.

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Taegun Yoo. "Influences of Political Orientations on Political Participation and Citizen Evaluations : A Case Study". 21st centry Political Science Review 20, nr 3 (grudzień 2010): 23–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17937/topsr.20.3.201012.23.

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Anderson, Kirk David. "Influences Preceding “Nunatsiavut” Self-Determination: Historical, Political and Educational Influences on the People of Northern Labrador (Canada)". Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 36, nr 1 (2007): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100004464.

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AbstractWhat were the influences on the Inuit of Northern Labrador preceding the creation of the self-governing territory of Nunatsiavut? What are the preterritorial influences of the Inuit on the territory’s five schools? To answer these questions and to share the success of one Indigenous people, the Nunatsiavut Inuit (the Inuit of Northern Labrador, Canada), this paper traces their survival, recovery, and development as they reclaim their right to self-determination (Smith, 1999). As part of this process, the paper reports such influences as: the bicultural and assimilationist forces (Moravian missionaries and the governments of Newfoundland), the rise and successful influence of the Labrador Inuit Association as a precursor to the Nunatsiavut Assembly, and the Inuit influence on schools in the region. This paper concludes with a discussion of the nature of northern isolation as a source of economic and cultural strength, which may have enabled the Nunatsiavut Inuit to resist complete assimilation, a factor in Nunatsiavut Inuit survival and increased potential for successful self-determination.

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Aalberg, Toril, i Anders Todal Jenssen. "Gender Stereotyping of Political Candidates". Nordicom Review 28, nr 1 (1.05.2007): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2017-0198.

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Abstract Electoral research has demonstrated how men and women sometimes have different political preferences. Men are typically thought to be more concerned about taxation, business policies, etc., while women care more about issues related to the welfare state. Thus, it seems obvious that stereotyping influences candidate evaluation with regard to issue competence. In this article, we investigate whether stereotyping also influences how the electorate views the communication skills of the candidates. We ask whether the gender of politicians affects the way citizens evaluate various aspects of the qualities of a political speech, and thus their support for political parties. The experiment used in this study is based on a pre- and post-stimuli questionnaire. Stimuli are videotapes of genuine political speeches (originally given by party leaders in October 2000) performed for the experiment by one female and one male actor. Our main finding is that the male “politician” was believed to be more knowledgeable, trustworthy and convincing than the female “politician” even though they presented the same speech verbatim. These differences in scores were the result of the male part of the audience consistently rating the female lower and the male higher than did the females in the audience. Among the female audience, the two politicians received almost identical scores on all traits. The candidate’s popularity and the popularity of the candidate’s party were also affected by the gender of the politician who performed the speech.

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Chavaz, Matthieu, i Andrew K. Rose. "Political Borders and Bank Lending in Post-Crisis America*". Review of Finance 23, nr 5 (3.08.2018): 935–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfy027.

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Abstract We study political influences on private banks receiving government funds. Using spatial discontinuities associated with congressional district borders, we show that recipient banks of the 2008 Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) program increased mortgage and small business lending by 23–60% more in census tracts located just inside their home-representative’s district than just outside; the effect also shows up in higher loan acceptance rates, and mortgages more likely to be impaired or in default. The effect is stronger when the representative voted for TARP, is politically powerful, connected to the financial industry, and when the bank is important in the district. These findings suggest that obtaining public funds subjects firms to political influences, which affects the quantity and quality of corporate investment because of political considerations.

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Idris, Adamu Adamu, Hussaini Bala i Naziru Suleiman. "Dividend policy and political uncertainty: Does firm maturity matters?" Jurnal Dinamika Akuntansi dan Bisnis 7, nr 2 (13.09.2020): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jdab.v7i2.16789.

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Previous evidence has shown that numerous factors influence dividend policy, but how political uncertainty influences a firm’s cash dividend policy remains blurry. This study examines the relationship between cash dividends and political uncertainty in Nigeria. More so, the study analyses the interaction effect of firm maturity on the association between the cash dividend and political uncertainty. The study employed an ordinary least squares dummy variable fixed effects with robust standard error on a data set of non-financial listed Nigerian firms. The results revealed that political uncertainty strongly influences a firm’s cash dividend, and a matured firm tends to pay greater dividends than a firm with more growth options. Thus, this finding suggests that matured larger firms pay more dividends during a period of uncertainty. Consequently, the study supported the agency theory and life cycle theory.

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Rauf, Tamkinat. "How College Makes Liberals (or Conservatives)". Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (styczeń 2021): 237802312098243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023120982435.

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The author examines the role of affiliation networks in shaping the political identities of students in college, using panel survey data from a case study of a predominantly liberal institution, tracking students’ political identities and affiliation memberships throughout the course of college. Although there was some self-selection into politically homophilous student organizations and majors, the extent of political sorting was relatively low, which resulted in considerable political heterogeneity in the affiliation networks. During the course of college, students’ political identities shifted in both liberal and conservative directions. Results from hierarchical multinomial logistic regressions suggest that identity transitions were driven by both the political composition of peer networks and influences outside the educational institution, such as family and prior socialization. This research underscores the importance of considering network stratification and individual contexts for understanding heterogeneous influences of seemingly uniform institutional settings.

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Wald, Kenneth D., Dennis E. Owen i Samuel S. Hill. "Churches as Political Communities". American Political Science Review 82, nr 2 (czerwiec 1988): 531–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1957399.

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Most studies of contextual influences on political attitudes and behavior have treated geographical areas as the operative social environment. As early research on social influence processes noted, the conditions that promote consensus among inhabitants of a common environment are likely to be present in formal organizations that encourage face-to-face interaction. Churches possess many of the characteristics that should maximize behavioral contagion and are thus fertile ground for the dissemination of common political outlooks. This expectation is tested by assessing the link between theological and political conservatism in 21 Protestant congregations. The theological climate in the churches is found to contribute strongly to the members' political conservatism over and above the personal commitment of respondents to traditional Christian values and a variety of social and attitudinal variables. As churches constitute the single most widespread form of voluntary organizational affiliation in the United States, their potential political impact appears to be considerable.

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Mazur, Mary G. "Intellectual Activism in China During the 1940s: Wu Han in the United Front and the Democratic League`". China Quarterly 133 (marzec 1993): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100001818x.

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The relationship of the intellectual in China to society and state has been a complex problem throughout this century. An individual's relationship to the state in China is influenced by separate – and often contradictory – sources from within their individual social context, and from traditional political culture. Not the least of these influences was the ancient moral responsibility of the literati to critically advise the emperor on the rule of the country. During the unrelenting crises of the 1940s, people had heightened political concern, and many became politically active. Even those formerly aloof from politics became involved for the first time.

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Collins, Todd, Kenneth A. Wink, James L. Guth i C. Don Livingston. "THE CHURCH AND CONGRESS: RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY VOTING IN THE U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES". POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL 7, nr 2 (1.12.2013): 345–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54561/prj0702345c.

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Recent literature in the religion and politics area has focused on the effect of various measures of religious affiliation on the political behavior of the mass public. Here we add to the evolving literature examining the influence of religious orientation on political elite behavior, focusing on the U.S. House of Representatives. Method. We use data on the religious affiliations of U.S. House members and National Journal scores of foreign policy voting to test the influence of religion on foreign policy ideology from 1998-2003. Our findings indicate that even after controlling for traditional political factors, religious identity influenced foreign policy voting in the House. African-American Protestants, Latter-day Saints (Mormons), and Evangelical Protestants present the most distinctive patterns. Conclusions. From this analysis we see further indications that religion influences legislative behavior in a way that, although intertwined with political partisanship, appears distinct from traditional political factors.

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JACOBS, LAWRENCE R., i BENJAMIN I. PAGE. "Who Influences U.S. Foreign Policy?" American Political Science Review 99, nr 1 (luty 2005): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305540505152x.

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Research in international relations has identified a variety of actors who appear to influence U.S. foreign policy, including experts and “epistemic communities,” organized interests (especially business and labor), and ordinary citizens or “public opinion.” This research, however, has often focused on a single factor at a time, rather than systematically testing the relative importance of alternative possible influences. Using extensive survey data gathered over three decades we conduct a comparative test, attempting to account for the expressed foreign policy preferences of policy makers by means of the preferences of the general public and those of several distinct sets of elites. The results of cross-sectional and time-lagged analyses suggest that U.S. foreign policy is most heavily and consistently influenced by internationally oriented business leaders, followed by experts (who, however, may themselves be influenced by business). Labor appears to have significant but smaller impacts. The general public seems to have considerably less effect, except under particular conditions. These results generally hold over several different analytical models (including two-observation time series) and different clusters of issues (economic, military, and diplomatic), with some variations across different institutional settings (the U.S. House, Senate, and executive branch).

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Duvivier, Emmanuel. "Influences". Souls 12, nr 3 (20.08.2010): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999949.2010.499790.

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Schuler, Douglas A. "Corporate Political Action: Rethinking the Economic and Organizational Influences". Business and Politics 1, nr 1 (kwiecień 1999): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bap.1999.1.1.83.

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Although the influence of economic factors has long dominated the analysis of corporate political action, the role of organizational factors is increasingly seen as important in explaining the phenomenon. Building upon a recent study (Martin 1995) that emphasizes the prominence of organizational factors in political decision-making, we revisit a previously used literature, reconceptualize the relationship between economic and organizational factors and corporate political action as one of mediation, and employ new data and methods to test this relationship. Our findings demonstrate emphatically the importance of organizational factors in understanding corporate political action.

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