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1
Pang, Yiu-nam Terry. "An analysis of the legetimization of police powers in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21037693.
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Pang, Yiu-nam Terry, i 彭耀南. "An analysis of the legetimization of police powers in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965982.
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Alderson, Karl Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Powers and responsibilities: reforming NSW criminal investigation law". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19056.
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The thesis is a historical study from a socio-legal perspective of debates about, and developments in, criminal investigation law in NSW since 1945. In that period, the NSW parliament has enacted extensive criminal investigation powers and safeguards. This can be seen as the result of the increasing political sensitivity of 'law and order'. Politicians have sought to exercise (and demonstrate) greater control over the criminal justice system. Legislation has been employed to provide a framework for police actions, and to define a role for others, including judges, magistrates and the Ombudsman. Political focus on law and order has also reversed the incentive structure for the police hierarchy. In the 1950s, there were strong incentives not to push for extra powers, lest policing practices and effectiveness receive unwanted scrutiny. In the 1970s, police were dragged into debate about their powers, in the face of the 'authorise and regulated' model suggested by numerous inquiries. More recently, police organisations have often initiated calls for new powers, in part to explain past failings. Another important factor driving debate and reform in recent decades has been the proliferation of oversight agencies, and academic insights that have debunked the 'rotten apple' paradigm. The Federal Government and Parliament have also been increasingly active in what would once have been considered purely State/Territory realms of criminal justice law and politics. These major influences have been coupled with a host of others, including the impact of a series of Royal Commission and law reform reports, the ongoing war on drugs, and the campaign against police verbals in the 1970s and 1980s. The examination of the forces that have influenced debate and reform yields other insights. For example, the complexity of the phenomenon of 'non-reform' is apparent from an examination of debates about policing in the 1950s. Prevailing trends in law and order politics (eg, that populist politics supports additional powers) can be seen to be anchored in the contemporary political context rather than being timeless truths. The multiple roles of law, in governing relationships between state agencies and actors, not just between police and suspects, are also highlighted.
4
Caruana, Mireille M. "Privacy and ICTs in a changing world: differing European approaches to uses of personal data in the criminal justice sector". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679959.
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There is an inherent and inevitable tension between police powers and human rights. Adequate police powers are necessary to allow the police to fulfil their tasks; but exercise of such powers will necessarily interfere with the right of respect for private life and must therefore be proportionate to the aim to be achieved. The fundamental argument underlying this thesis is that privacy is valuable, either in its own right, or as a necessary prerequisite for sustaining more fundamental rights. Yet privacy also has costs: the greater the individual 'sphere of privacy', the narrower the scope for obta ining and utilising personal data for societal ends e.g. in this context the suppression or punishment of criminality. It is necessary, therefore, at an early stage in the thesis to undertake a contextual overview of expressions of the concept and value of privacy in Western liberal democracies. Establishing why privacy and privacy rights may be worthy of defence, both for individuals as well as for society as a whole, provides a framework for determining what must necessarily fall within the scope of privacy for that value to be realised . This thesis advocates an approach based on the identification and application of a general underlying principle of privacy and the shaping of the future evolution of the law in line with such a principle. New police information systems or new forms of personal data processing for police purposes do not emerge into an informational vacuum; on the contrary, they merge with and draw upon existing systems of data collection and processing, which are themselves evolving, e.g. computer records of people's bank transactions, their telephone calls, their activity on the Internet, their medical conditions, their education and employment histories etc. The thesis thus provides an overview of the pan-European police information systems already deployed, or planned to be deployed, with the aim of creating for the reader a cognitive map of a complex interaction of systems within which personal data is already collected, stored, shared and/or exchanged on a daily basis, exploring along the way the data protection regimes within those structures. The central themes of the thesis rest upon analysis of the influence of the CoE Recommendation R(87)15 on Regulating the Use of Personal Data in the Police Sector which provides a sector-specific application of the data protection principles established in the CoE Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data. To provide the reader with context for interpreting the empirical research findings, the thesis traces the history of the drafting of Recommendation R(87}15, based on research amongst materials drawn from the CoE's archives in Strasbourg. The findings of the empirical research - resulting from analysis of responses to a questionnaire deployed to Data Protection Authorities or Ministries of Justice in all member States of the CoE, exploring the implementation or otherwise of R(87}15 in each State - provide, for the first time, in a snap-shot, a census of where European legislation stands as regards processing of personal data for police purposes, as the European Union progresses beyond the first pillar/third pillar dichotomy in the post-Lisbon Treaty era. To further inform this analysis, the questionnaire findings were supplemented by in-depth semistructured interviews with domain experts from national data protection authorities, or law enforcement authorities, in select States. ii Based on the forgoing analysis, the thesis outlines aspects of the current legal regime that should be updated or improved, primarily in the context of the reform of the EU data protection framework, with a special focus on data processing in the police and criminal justice sector. This analysis identifies the extent to which the principles of Recommendation R(87)15 have been adopted, adapted, strengthened, weakened or abandoned in the current EU reform proposals. The provisions of Recommendation R(87)15, especially those which reinforce the principles of necessity, proportionality and purpose-specification/limitation are "an inalterable necessary minimum," 1 even for police and security forces. Yet it is argued that this "necessary minimum" is too minimal, and that changed circumstances make it advisable to further strengthen and expand the provisions of Recommendation R(87)15. The thesis concludes that the central question to be asked when restrictions on a fundamental right are concerned is: "How much limitation of a fundamental right is permissible in a democratic constitutional state in which fundamental rights are a constitutive element?" As such it is a modest contribution to the big questions facing our societies regarding the kind of society we want to build, and the kind of policies we need to put in place to reach our goals.
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Palmer, Darren, i n/a. "State Police in a State of Change: Remaking the Entrepreneurial Officer". Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051129.152016.
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We are currently at a point in time in Australia where questions concerning how to govern police have never been more pressing or more fluid. Systemic corruption has been identified in several states; a range of new accountability mechanisms have been established internal and external to police and in Victoria police corruption has been linked with a violent 'gangland war'. This thesis locates these contemporary developments within a broader analysis of the historical circumstances shaping the changing techniques for governing state police. More specifically, this thesis engages in a detailed comparative study of the changing techniques of governing police in Queensland and Victoria. The theoretical tools to conduct this analysis are drawn from 'governmentality studies'. This refers to a broad grouping of theoretical scholarship concerned with the changing ideas - or 'political rationalities' - on how to govern some thing or some activity, and the underlying reasoning, justifications and ambitions contained within the practical tools or 'techniques' used to govern. Central to the thesis is an argument that a new politics of policing has emerged recently, one that extends the dyad of the old accountability - 'police powers' and 'external accountability' - to a pluralisation of accountability processes and structures. The thesis argues that governmentality studies offer new insights into ways of analysing the techniques for governing state police, increasingly shaped by the managerialisation of governing and embodying efforts to make police innovative, risk-taking problems-solvers. This is what I refer to as an open-ended normative project for re-making the entrepreneurial officer. However, a detailed examination of the development of governmental techniques for 'making up' the entrepreneurial officer indicates that such a governmental project is not implemented unproblematically. Nonetheless, the thesis concludes that the attempts to remake the entrepreneurial officer through the managerialisation of governing presents distinct possibilities for a new 'politics of policing' that fosters deliberative, reflective police practice within a new framework of police accountabilities.
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Palmer, Darren. "State Police in a State of Change: Remaking the Entrepreneurial Officer". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367640.
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We are currently at a point in time in Australia where questions concerning how to govern police have never been more pressing or more fluid. Systemic corruption has been identified in several states; a range of new accountability mechanisms have been established internal and external to police and in Victoria police corruption has been linked with a violent 'gangland war'. This thesis locates these contemporary developments within a broader analysis of the historical circumstances shaping the changing techniques for governing state police. More specifically, this thesis engages in a detailed comparative study of the changing techniques of governing police in Queensland and Victoria. The theoretical tools to conduct this analysis are drawn from 'governmentality studies'. This refers to a broad grouping of theoretical scholarship concerned with the changing ideas - or 'political rationalities' - on how to govern some thing or some activity, and the underlying reasoning, justifications and ambitions contained within the practical tools or 'techniques' used to govern. Central to the thesis is an argument that a new politics of policing has emerged recently, one that extends the dyad of the old accountability - 'police powers' and 'external accountability' - to a pluralisation of accountability processes and structures. The thesis argues that governmentality studies offer new insights into ways of analysing the techniques for governing state police, increasingly shaped by the managerialisation of governing and embodying efforts to make police innovative, risk-taking problems-solvers. This is what I refer to as an open-ended normative project for re-making the entrepreneurial officer. However, a detailed examination of the development of governmental techniques for 'making up' the entrepreneurial officer indicates that such a governmental project is not implemented unproblematically. Nonetheless, the thesis concludes that the attempts to remake the entrepreneurial officer through the managerialisation of governing presents distinct possibilities for a new 'politics of policing' that fosters deliberative, reflective police practice within a new framework of police accountabilities.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Arts, Media and Culture
Full Text
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Perrier, Maëlle. "Le recours au contrat en matière de police administrative". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30112.
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Le contrat et la police sont deux notions a priori incompatibles. Le contrat est un accord de volontés faisant naître des obligations juridiques. La police administrative est une prérogative de puissance publique et une des missions de souveraineté les plus fondamentales de l’État. Dès 1932, le juge administratif pose un principe général d’interdiction de délégation contractuelle des missions de police administrative. Puis, en 2011, le juge constitutionnel érige au niveau constitutionnel un principe d’interdiction de déléguer les compétences de police administrative générale inhérentes à l’exercice de la force publique. Parallèlement, l’utilisation du contrat comme mode de gestion de la police administrative se développe. Ainsi, l’interdiction de contracter en matière de police connaît-elle aujourd’hui une profonde remise en question. La perspective de l’admission du procédé contractuel bouleverse le schéma classique et implique donc une modernisation des concepts juridiquesContract and police may be incompatible. The contract is an accord of volition which creates legal commitment. Policy is one of the most important public authorities. From 1932, the administrative judge asserted a general principle of prohibition of using contract to delegate policy missions. In 2011, the constitutional judge asserted a principle which bans delegation of policy missions. At the same time, there is a development of contract as a new method of management. So, the principle of prohibition is underquestioned. The classical schedule is upset and a modernization of legal concepts is necessary
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Alshahrani, Mohammed A. "Police powers, legal rights and pre-trial procedures in Saudi Arabia : a comparison with England and Wales". Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5606.
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The exercise of police powers is subject to rules and guidelines, and the event of police powers has occasioned considerable controversy since the inception of the 'new police'. On the one hand, the police clearly need powers to stop people on the street if they are suspected of a crime, to enter people's houses if they suspect that they are hiding stolen goods or firearms and to arrest people they suspect of a crime. They need to be able to interview suspects in the police station and may have to hold suspects in cells. On the other hand, individual citizens need to be able to carry on with their everyday lives without risking being stopped on the streets, having their homes ransacked by the police and being arrested and taken to the police station. Suspects must be protected from torture, brutality and the extraction of false confessions. Special protection may be afforded to vulnerable groups such as the young and mentally ill. Legislation on police powers, therefore, must balance conflicting needs. Saudi Arabia the Stop, Arrest, Detention and Custody Regulation (SADC) was set up in 1983. The regulation provided powers relating to stop and search, arrest, detention. interviewing, and the investigation of crimes It seeks to protect suspects from the abuse of such powers by granting to suspects certain rights and protections. In practice, however, the balance between the use of the powers and suspects' rights is different. The police appear to exceed their powers as they provided and the safeguards are ignored. Therefore, the question is, how do the pre-trial procedures work in practice? No research has been done to examine the pre-trial process in practice in Saudi Arabia. Data collection for the study as carried out using three methods: questionnaire, observation and documentary data from police files. In this research variations have been found between the official regulation and actual police practice.
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McKay, Megan J. "The reasons and the reality: A critical analysis of the purposes of the Queensland police move-on powers". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/17299/1/17299.pdf.
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This thesis was completed in partial fulfilment of the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree program at Queensland University of Technology.
This thesis explores the purposes and practice of the Queensland police move-on powers, a topic which, to date, has been largely unexplored in social research.
Move-on powers are powers that are used to direct persons to leave a specified place, typically a public space, on the basis of their behaviour and/or presence. While such
powers exist in multiple jurisdictions in Australia and overseas, the Queensland police move-on powers are the primary focus of this research.
A triangulated method of gathering information was applied in this research. A quantitative content analysis was utilised to identify the espoused and underlying
purposes of the Queensland police move-on powers as provided by the Queensland State Government. Qualitative semi-structured interviewing was utilised to explore how frontline witnesses to the Queensland police move-on powers describe the purposes and practice of these powers, as well as establish a platform for how the Queensland police
move-on powers and their practice could be further investigated.
Existing academic research and anecdotal reports have indicated that the Queensland police move-on powers are being practiced for purposes other than those stated
explicitly by the Queensland State Government as to how the powers would be used. The findings of this thesis indicate that the Queensland police move-on powers are being
disproportionately applied to marginalised demographic groups, specifically young people, homeless people, Indigenous people and people with a mental illness.
Furthermore, the powers are being used to move on persons for behaviours – namely chroming and experiencing an episode of mental illness in public – that were not
presented by the Government as purposes of the powers. The incongruence between the purposes and practice of these powers is explained using espoused theory versus theory in-
use and front-line bureaucracy theory (Argyris & Schon, 1974; Lipsky, 1980). As this thesis explores the move-on powers from sociological, public space management and
policy implementation perspectives, its findings have potential implications for policy development and policing.
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Ouellet, Michel. "Élaboration d'un modèle pour orienter la gestion d'un processus de regroupement des services municipaux de police en région urbaine /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
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King, M. J. "The growth of police powers in the Federal Republic of Germany : An analysis of the relations of the state, legitimation and coercion". Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378404.
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Lannoy, Eugénie. "Ontologie du rapport du maire avec l'immeuble privé abandonné". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20015.
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En droit, l’abandon de l’immeuble présente deux facettes toutes les deux attachées à l’exercice de la propriété. Un premier niveau consiste, pour le propriétaire d’un bien, à pouvoir en disposer et, dans ce cadre, décider valablement de renoncer unilatéralement à sa propriété. Le sort du bien abandonné est alors fixé par le législateur qui prévoit, à défaut de dispositions spéciales, leur attribution à la Commune sur le fondement de l’article 713 du Code civil. L’exercice du droit de propriété peut aussi consister pour son titulaire, libre d’user ou non de son bien, à s’en désintéresser, à ne pas l’entretenir et le réparer. Ce deuxième aspect de l’abandon de l’immeuble est alors entendu dans le sens usuel du terme.Comme la renonciation au droit de propriété, la renonciation à son usage n’a de bornes que le respect des droits d’autrui et de la collectivité. Le maintien de l’ordre public constitue une limite traditionnelle à l’exercice des attributs du droit de propriété immobilière. Or, un immeuble qui n’est pas entretenu finit, au fil du temps, par se délabrer, tomber en décrépitude et menacer de s’effondrer, risquant alors de porter atteinte à la sécurité des passants et de ses occupants. Ce constat fait et en érigeant la notion d’ordre public comme axiome de la recherche, il est alors possible de définir l’immeuble privé abandonné en droit administratif.Cet essai de définition entraîne inévitablement une deuxième question : celle du rapport existant entre l’immeuble délaissé et le maire, autorité de police municipale obligée d’intervenir en cas de trouble public suffisamment grave dans sa commune. C’est le manque de temps, l’imminence du péril, alliée à la proximité du maire avec le désordre, qui fonde un rapport naturel d’autorité entre eux ainsi que le caractère irréductible de la compétence du maire face à l’immeuble privé abandonnéIn law, the abandonment of the building has two facets both attached to the exercise of the property. A first level is for the owner of a good to be able to dispose of it and, in this context, decides validly to renounce unilaterally his property. The fate of the abandoned property is then fixed by the legislator, which, in the absence of special provisions, provides for their allocation to the Commune on the basis of Article 713 of the Civil Code. The exercise of the right of ownership may also consist of the owner, free to use or not to his property, to lose interest, not to maintain and repair it. This second aspect of the abandonment of the building is then understood in the usual sense of the term.Like the renunciation of the right of property, the renunciation of its use is limited only by the respect of the rights of others and of the community. The maintenance of public order constitutes a traditional limit to the exercise of the attributes of the right to real property. In the course of time, a building that is not being maintained eventually decays, falls into disrepair and threatens to collapse, threatening to undermine the safety of passers-by and its occupants. This finding, and by establishing the notion of public order as an axiom of research, makes it possible to define the abandoned private building in administrative law.This definitional test inevitably involves a second question: the relationship between the abandoned building and the mayor, a municipal police authority obliged to intervene in the event of a sufficiently serious public disturbance in its commune. It is the lack of time, the imminence of the danger, combined with the mayor's proximity to the disorder, which establishes a natural relationship of authority between them and the irreducible character of the mayor's competence in front of the private building abandoned
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Oprea, Elena-Alina. "Droit de l'Union européenne et lois de police". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020028.
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L’interaction du droit de l’Union européenne avec le droit international privé se manifeste avec une acuité particulière en matière de lois de police, continuant et renouvelant les discussions suscitées par celles-ci. La promotion des intérêts de l’Union européenne par ce mécanisme de DIP peut être facilement observée. Il reste que des questions peuvent surgir quant à l’aménagement, dans les systèmes juridiques nationaux, de l’articulation des lois de police de source nationale et européenne. Le transfert de certaines compétences des Etats membres vers l’Union, le rapprochement des législations des Etats membres ou le poids plus important accordé aux raisonnements et aux intérêts européens au moment de la qualification mettent en lumière une catégorie « lois de police » avec des contours nouveaux. La mise en oeuvre des lois de police porte, elle aussi, l’empreinte de l’influence du droit de l’Union européenne. L’intégration des données liées à la réalisation du marché intérieur entraîne une perturbation significative du mécanisme traditionnel des lois de police, accompagnée d’une diminution de l’efficacité de ces normes dans les relations entre les Etats membres. L’objectif de création, au sein de l’Union, d’un espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice s’est matérialisé par la mise en place de corps de règles européennes de DIP dans diverses matières. La méthode des lois de police en ressort transformée, suite tant à la prise de position directe du législateur européen sur les conditions de son intervention, qu’en raison des évolutions enregistrées par d’autres méthodes concurrentes de droit international privéThe interaction between the European Union law and the private international law is particularly acute in the field of internationally mandatory rules, maintaining and renewing the debate which always accompanied this kind of norms. If the internationally mandatory rules occupy a special place in the European legislation, being an extremely effective tool of European policy, some difficulties arise as to the articulation, in the Member States’ legal systems, of the both national and European different sources of lois de police. The transfer of powers from Member States to the European Union, the harmonization of national legislations and the greater weight given to European reasoning and interests at the time of qualification highlight a new dimension of the internationally mandatory rules concept. Also the implementation of internationally mandatory rules is highly influenced by the European Union Law. The Member States’ obligations concerning the completing of the internal market and the removal of restrictions to changes involve a significant disturbance to this traditional PIL mechanism; a decrease in the effectiveness of internationally mandatory rules in relations between Member States may be observed. The purpose of establishing an area of freedom, security and justice within the European Union was materialized in the establishment of European private international law rules in various fields; the internationally mandatory rules method is transformed as a result of the European legislator direct intervention on his definition and regime, but also as a result of the evolution that affects other concurring private international law methods
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Петрушанко, В. Ю. "Місце правоохоронних органів в механізмі захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/23126.
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Петрушанко, В. Ю. Місце правоохоронних органів в механізмі захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина : випускна кваліфікаційна робота : 262 "Правоохоронна діяльність" / В. Ю. Петрушанко ; керівник роботи О. А. Марущак ; НУ "Чернігівська політехніка", кафедра правоохоронної діяльності та загальноправових дисциплін. – Чернігів, 2021. – 74 с.На сьогодні питання прав і свобод людини є найважливішою проблемою внутрішньої та зовнішньої політики усіх держав світової спільноти. Не є винятком і Україна, де постійно виникають проблеми забезпечення та реалізації прав і свобод людини, незважаючи на те, що Україна обрала демократичний шлях свого розвитку. Нині захист прав і свобод людини розглядається як одна з базових ознак сучасної демократії, забезпечення реальності прав і свобод людини та громадянина виступає своєрідним індикатором сталості й зрілості такої держави. А тому, будь-яке обмеження прав і свобод громадян повинно бути безапеляційно обґрунтованим і при цьому таке обмеження не повинно порушувати прав і свобод будь-яких інших осіб. На жаль, Україна є одним із лідерів щодо звернень проти неї зі скаргами про порушення прав людини до Європейського Суду з прав людини, а тому сьогодні діяльність правоохоронних органів держави є дійсно важливою для забезпечення та реалізації прав і свобод громадян. В розділі 1 роботи визначено поняття та ознаки прав і свобод людини і громадянина та механізм гарантування і захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина в Україні; Розділ 2 роботи досліджено аналізу правового статусу Національної поліції України як суб’єкта захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина, прокуратури в системі органів в механізмі захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина та визначенню місця Уповноваженого Верховної Ради України в механізмі захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина. В Розділі 3 роботи досліджено проблемні питання функціонування правоохоронних органів в механізмі захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина та шляхи їх удосконалення та особливості захисту прав і свобод людини і громадянина Європейським Судом з прав людини Основні результати проведеного дослідження викладені у 1 науковій праці.
Today, the issue of human rights and freedoms is today the most important problem of domestic and foreign policy of all countries of the world community. Ukraine is no exception, where problems of ensuring and realizing human rights and freedoms constantly arise, despite the fact that Ukraine has chosen the democratic path of its development. Today, the protection of human rights and freedoms is seen as one of the basic features of modern democracy, ensuring the reality of human and civil rights and freedoms is a kind of indicator of sustainability and maturity of such a state. Therefore, any restriction of the rights and freedoms of citizens must be unquestionably justified and such a restriction must not violate the rights and freedoms of any other persons. Unfortunately, Ukraine is one of the leaders in filing complaints against it with human rights violations before the European Court of Human Rights, and therefore today the activities of state law enforcement agencies are really important for ensuring and exercising the rights and freedoms of citizens. Section 1 of the work defines the concepts and features of human and civil rights and freedoms and the mechanism of guaranteeing and protecting human and civil rights and freedoms in Ukraine; Section 2 examines the analysis of the legal status of the National Police of Ukraine as a subject of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, the prosecutor's office in the system of bodies in the mechanism of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms and the place of the Verkhovna Rada Commissioner in the protection of human rights and freedoms. citizen. Section 3 of the work examines the problematic issues of the functioning of law enforcement agencies in the mechanism of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms and ways to improve them and features of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms by the European Court of Human Rights.
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Рєзнік, Олег Миколайович, Олег Николаевич Резник i Oleh Mykolaiovych Rieznik. "Повноваження, функції та права податкової міліції". Thesis, Міжрегіональна фінансово-юридична академія, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34476.
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Lima, Yara Oyram Ramos. "Trabalho em saúde: o poder de policia na visão do profissional de vigilância sanitária". Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10893.
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A Constituição Federal proclama a saúde um direito de todos e dever do Estado. As ações e serviços de saúde são de relevância pública, cabendo ao poder estatal dispor, mediante lei, sobre a sua regulamentação, fiscalização e controle. A vigilância sanitária, componente do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), é responsável pelo controle de riscos e agravos relacionados a produtos e serviços de interesse da saúde. Para tanto, os profissionais da área, como agentes do Estado, são investidos do poder de autoridade para limitar a atuação privada e pública em função dos interesses da coletividade. Investigar a atuação do profissional de vigilância sanitária no exercício do poder de polícia é relevante no contexto atual de reformulação das práticas e reorganização do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Este estudo tem o propósito de contribuir com subsídios para formulação de políticas voltadas a esses profissionais e teve por objetivo analisar a visão do profissional de vigilância sanitária sobre o poder de polícia, assim como identificar sua instrumentalização, dificuldades e fatores facilitadores no exercício deste poder. Trata-se de um estudo de caso desenvolvido nas instituições de vigilância sanitária da esfera federal, estadual e municipal, circunscritas ao município de Salvador. Utilizou-se das estratégias metodológicas de observação direta e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Encontrou-se dificuldades do profissional de vigilância sanitária para definir e compreender a abrangência do poder de polícia para além do âmbito de suas práticas rotineiras. A instrumentalização para o exercício deste poder ainda não é priorizada nos processos de capacitação; e tampouco existe supervisão. Foram referidas dificuldades de distintas ordens e alguns fatores facilitadores do exercício do poder de polícia relacionados ao serviço, agente e meio-social. Este estudo identificou um profissional em transição de uma concepção restrita e autoritária de poder de polícia para um profissional de saúde que detém poder para proteger a saúde da população.
Salvador
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Ribeiro, Ricardo Leite. "Direito econômico da tributação: uma análise da extrafiscalidade no sistema tributário brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-14042014-151916/.
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O propósito deste trabalho é analisar a regulação jurídica brasileira da intervenção do Estado, por meio da tributação, sobre a economia. Esta tarefa se desenvolve em três momentos teórico, dogmático e histórico/institucional que se estendem ao longo dos três capítulos do trabalho, respectivamente. O primeiro momento lida com a dimensão doutrinária jurídica de análise, interpretação, metodologia e abordagem deste fenômeno. Buscamos recuperar historicamente a trajetória da doutrina do direito tributário brasileiro em contraposição à doutrina do direito econômico brasileiro, recuperando o conceito de extrafiscalidade como ponto limite da doutrina tributária e ponto de partida para uma análise sistemática da intervenção estatal pela tributação. O segundo momento é a tentativa de traçar uma abordagem pertinente para essa análise da extrafiscalidade tributária pelo direito econômico, problematizando-a à luz do ordenamento brasileiro, sobretudo, em nível constitucional. Para tanto, assumimos as categorias de Eros Roberto Grau, sobre a intervenção estatal na economia, e as de Richard A. Musgrave, sobre as finalidades da política fiscal, para aprofundarmos a classificação do fenômeno quanto à sua forma (indução), suas técnicas (oneratórias/ desoneratórias), suas finalidades (extrafiscalidade alocativa/ extrafiscalidade distributiva/ extrafiscalidade estabilizadora) e seu regime de competências. O terceiro momento remonta um panorama da evolução histórica do sistema tributário nacional, seus principais diplomas normativos, encadeado em uma narrativa que envolve os atores, interesses, ideias e modelos institucionais e jurídicos adotados pelo Brasil, principalmente em torno do federalismo fiscal. Por fim, concluímos haver uma tendência à separação progressiva do regime jurídico da fiscalidade e da extrafiscalidade, por conta da própria trajetória econômica, política, histórica, normativa e institucional do sistema tributário brasileiro. Fato diante do qual resta ao conhecimento jurídico, como saber tecnológico que é, reconhecer, compreender, se aprofundar e performar.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legal regulation of the Brazilian state intervention through taxation on the economy. This task is unfolded in three parts - theoretical, dogmatic and historical/ institutional - that are developed in the three chapters of the work, respectively. The first deals with the doctrinal legal dimension of analysis, interpretation, methodology and approach of this phenomenon. We seek to recover the historical trajectory of the Brazilian tax law doctrine in contrast with the Brazilian economic law doctrine, recovering the concept of taxation based on police powers as a threshold point of the tax law doctrine and a starting point for a systematic analysis of state intervention through taxation. The second part is an attempt to draw a pertinent approach to the analysis of the taxation based on police powers by the economic law doctrine, questioning it under the lens of the Brazilian legal system, especially at the constitutional level. Therefore, we assume Eros Roberto Graus categories about the state intervention in the economy, and Richard A. Musgraves categories about the aims of fiscal policy, to further classify the phenomenon by its shape (induction), its techniques (overtax/ exonerate), its purposes (allocative/ distributive/ stabilizer) and its regime of competence. The third part is an overview of the historical evolution of the Brazilian tax system, its main laws and regulatory instruments, through a narrative that involves actors, interests, ideas, and institutional and legal models adopted by Brazil, particularly around fiscal federalism. Finally, we conclude that there is a tendency to a progressive separation between the legal regime of taxation based on revenues and of the legal regime of taxation based on police powers because of the economic, political, historical, normative and institutional trajectory of the Brazilian tax system. As a consequence of that, we believe that legal thought should, as technological knowhow, recognize this fact, understand it, deepen it and perform it.
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Bailey, William J. "Countering-insurgency : a comparative analysis of campaigns in Malaya (1948-1960), Kenya (1952-1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980)". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/579.
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History has lessons for the present; could this be the case for modern counterinsurgency operations in countries resembling Iraq and Afghanistan? This research set out to study three historical counter-insurgencies campaigns in, Malaya (1947-1960), Kenya (1952- 1960) and Rhodesia (1964-1980), with a view to establishing whether or not the Colonial authorities had a substantial advantage over modern forces when combating insurgencies. If this was the case, are these advantages transferable to aid forces involved in modern counterinsurgencies?
The research questions focussed on how important the role of the Colonial Forces was to the eventual outcome, examining the principal factors that contributed to their effectiveness? Included in this examination were aspects of strategy, together with an appreciation of the concept of ‘hearts and minds’, tactics and the evolution of counterinsurgency doctrine.
A qualitative research design was adopted, using a case study methodology based upon comparative analysis of the data collected. Case studies were constructed for the three conflicts, based around the narratives obtained from a series of semi-structured interviews, with surviving members of the security forces; predominately police and Special Branch. The primary data was coded, using a thematic framework developed from the Literature Review. These themes were then synthesised, analysed and interpreted in response to the research questions related to the perceived problem. Lastly, the findings were compared and contrasted to provide theoretical recommendations and conclusions.
The study indicated the significant role played by the Colonial Police Forces, especially Special Branch, which appears to have been instrumental in dominating initiatives against the rebels. Supporting the police, were Colonial army units together with locally recruited indigenous militias in a combined approach to prosecuting an effective counterinsurgency campaign. In addition, this was reinforced by the Colonial Government’s ability to apply draconian legislation in support of the strategic plan, to reinforce the rule of law by the police, coupled with its ability to garner popular support through civil projects, such as schools, clinics and housing. Evolving counter-insurgency doctrine advocated the need to cut off the insurgents from their supplies, by separating them from the general population. Separation was achieved by the forced movement of the population into ‘Protected Villages’ backed up by food control, harsh collective punishments, detention and curfews. Further key beneficial factors for the Colonial Forces included their knowledge of religious customs, culture and language, which enhanced their ability to gather vital intelligence direct from the population; rather than second hand.
Analysing the concept of ‘hearts and minds’ since 1947, indicated it was evolving as a strategy and was not operationally as well accepted as it is today. Although often considered a benevolent approach to gaining the support of the population, the research also demonstrated the antithesis of this approach occurred by the insurgents applying power over ‘minds’ of the population though intimidation, terrorism, and physiological control. This psychological control was achieved through sorcery, spirit mediums and the taking of oaths.
Ultimately, political solutions not military ones ended the insurgencies. The theoretical recommendations indicated that greater attention needs to be expended in training counter-insurgency forces to empathise with the local population when conducting overseas operations; especially improved knowledge of religious customs, culture and language. The outcome would enhance their capabilities through better population support resulting in superior intelligence.
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Melo, José Correa de. "Modos de governar e administrar : os conselhos políticos e administrativos de D. Pedro II a partir da seção de fazenda do conselho de estado (1842-1889)". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185065.
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O presente trabalho realizou uma análise e classificação das consultas da Seção de Fazenda do Conselho de Estado, que funcionou no Brasil Império no período de 1842 a 1889, a partir dos modelos administrativos e de governo que influenciaram o funcionamento e organização da administração e do Conselho de Estado. Buscou-se no modelo corporativo do Antigo Regime português as primeiras fontes e raízes para o modelo polissinodal e de governo por conselhos. Posteriormente novos paradigmas e idéias político-administrativas entraram em linha de conta no modelo português, como foi o caso, no século XVIII, dos paradigmas relacionados ao chamado Estado de Polícia. Essas fases da formação do Estado Moderno e paradigmas de governo e administração influenciaram o modelo político adotado no Brasil independente e constitucional e vieram a conformar a atuação do Conselho de Estado no Segundo Reinado. A partir da análise da produção da Seção de Fazenda do Conselho de Estado é possível mapear continuidades e rupturas com modelos anteriores e a adoção de novos paradigmas de governo e administração e explicar o funcionamento do Conselho de Estado sob D. Pedro II.The present work carried out an analysis and classification of the consultations of the Finance Section of the Council of State, which operated in Empire of Brazil from 1842 to 1889, from the administrative and governmental models that influenced the functioning and organization of the administration and the Council of State. The first sources and roots for the polissynodal model and for government by councils were sought in the corporate model of the Old Portuguese Regime. Subsequently new paradigms and political-administrative ideas came into account in the Portuguese model, as was the case, in the eighteenth century, of paradigms related to the so-called Police State. These phases of the formation of the Modern State and paradigms of government and administration influenced the political model adopted in independent and constitutional Brazil and came to conform the performance of the Council of State in the Second Reign. From the analysis of the production of the Finance Section of the Council of State it is possible to map out continuities and ruptures with previous models and the adoption of new paradigms of government and administration and to explain the functioning of the Council of State under D. Pedro II.
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Leung, Po-tak. "Reasonable suspicion : a police perspective /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13857812.
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Lima, Julio L. "Power, trust, police unions, and police managers| A quantitative research study". Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3732850.
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A Likert Scale Attitudinal Survey was distributed to sworn, non-supervisor, police officers at six police departments in the state of California in a department roll-call setting to measure the counterbalance of power, trust, and influence between police managers and police union leaders. The relationship between a police management and police union leadership is critical component in the internal dynamics of the police organization. The results from this study provide evidence that although on average rank and file police officers tend to trust and attribute more power within police organizations to police unions rather than to police managers, an analysis of the survey responses by inferential statistics showed that these differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, an analysis of the survey results measuring the relationship between the specific leadership bases of power and trust revealed a statistically significant relationship between the perception of trust by rank and file officers and the use of specific bases of power by police managers and police union leaders. In conclusion, the implications for studies of leadership, power, and policing are discussed.
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Sandes, Wilquerson Felizardo. "Dimensões da ação policial em uma troca de tiros : um estudo psicossociológico da decisão pelo uso da força letal". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250843.
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Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles SandovalTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Seis dimensões influenciam na decisão pelo uso da força letal, com utilização de arma de fogo em situações de perigo, na complexidade de uma ação policial: 1) perfil do policial; 2) ambiente do confronto; 3) tomada de decisão; 4) reações emocionais; 5) lição aprendida antes e depois do evento; 6) valores e expectativas dos policiais quanto à visão interna e externa sobre enfrentamento armado. Quando uma ação é desencadeada, todas as dimensões citadas influenciam de alguma forma no resultado geral. É o que esta pesquisa se propõe analisar, com o objetivo de contribuir com apontamentos e subsídios psicossociológicos para o currículo relacionado ao uso da força e armas de fogo, no campo da educação policial. A metodologia combina explicação por mecanismos via técnicas etnometodológicas com utilização dos seguintes recursos: pesquisa bibliográfica, observação participante, entrevistas e grupos focais com policiais, iconografia com desenhos de confrontos elaborados por policiais que decidiram pelo uso da força letal Na introdução do trabalho, incluímos a problematização, os dilemas relacionados ao uso da força e a metodologia da pesquisa. O desenvolvimento foi estruturado em seis dimensões analíticas sobre a decisão pelo confronto armado, incluindo eventos que, em muitos episódios, resultaram no derramamento de sangue entre policiais e seus oponentes eventuais. Nas conclusões, apontamos as diversas impressões e reflexões sobre o assunto. Outras dimensões de análise podem existir, porém as seis que elencamos foram as que surgiram ao longo do desafio de quatro anos de pesquisa em educação com ênfase nas ciências sociais.
Abstract: In police action, six dimensions influence the decision to use lethal force, with a firearm in dangerous situations: 1) behavior of the police officer; 2) environment of confrontation; 3) decision making; 4) reactions emotional; 5) the learning before and after; 6) beliefs and expectations of police officers. When an action is triggered, all these dimensions in some way, can influence the overall result. That's what this thesis analyze search, with the aim of contributing to analysis psychosociological for curriculum related to the use of force and firearms, in the field of education. The methodology combines the following features: literature review, participant observation, interviews and focus groups, iconography with drawings prepared by police officers about use of lethal force. In the introduction to the work, include the problem, dilemmas related to the use of force, and research methodology. The development was divided into six analytical dimensions of the decision by the armed confrontation. The conclusions point out the various impressions and thoughts on the subject. Further analysis dimensions may exist, but the six that were those that emerged during the challenge four years of research in education with an emphasis in social sciences.
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais na Educação
Doutor em Educação
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Nika, Pamela. "ECB monetary policy and supervisory powers : competing objectives and policy conflicts". Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/80256/.
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The intertwined relationship between the objectives of banking supervision and monetary policy remained for a long-time part of a rather theoretical debate. It took a major GFC for the policymakers to realise that there were gaps in the existing regulatory and supervisory framework, which subsequently opened the way for the central banks’ involvement in both micro- and macro-prudential supervision at international and EU level. Prior to the 2007-2009 financial crisis, the optimal model of central banking governance and institutional framework at both international and EU level, focused on monetary policy objectives. Part of the same orthodoxy was the prominence given to central bank independence and to institutional arrangements focused primarily on inflation targeting. The European Central Bank (ECB), being a creature of its time, was designed as a purely monetarystability-oriented central bank and was also granted a high level of independence. However, housing monetary policy and banking supervision under the ECB’s roof, has radically changed its role and the balance between existing and new powers within the EU banking framework. To this end, this thesis critically examines the centralisation of banking supervision in the EU, by exploring the nexus between monetary policy and banking supervision, and the compatibility of their combination within the existing legislative framework. Having examined the historical context of the debate, recent developments and underlying policy concerns in the pre- and post- Great Financial Crisis (GFC) era, this thesis concludes that the conferral of supervisory tasks on ECB has created a complex system of cooperation between national and supranational level, and between existing and newly established tasks and objectives. This has resulted in stretching the role of ECB beyond its original mandate as set by EU primary law, exceeding the wording of Article 127(6), TFEU. Therefore, drawing on the particular synergies involved, this thesis suggests that the only avenue in transforming the ECB into a truly supranational supervisor with full discretion, is the amendment of the Treaty and the empowered of the ECB with direct supervisory powers.
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Fimyar, Olena Herasymivna. "Educational policy-making in post-communist Ukraine : policies, rationalities, subjectivities, power : a Foucauldian perspective". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609364.
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To, Yuet-ha Julia. "Changing "cop culture" : attitude to discretionary power by patrol officers /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20621966.
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Finkle, Clea T. "State, power, and police in colonial North India /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10697.
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Leung, Po-tak, i 梁寶德. "Reasonable suspicion: a police perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977741.
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Morris, Robert Matthew. "The Metropolitan police and government, 1860-1920". Thesis, n.p, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Westmarland, Louise. "Gender and policing sex, power and police culture /". Cullompton : Willan, 2001. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10306157.
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Zenab, Iskandarani. "Power in the meeting between youth and police". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24440.
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Makt kan utspela sig på många olika sätt, i varje sammanhang inom varje rum finns någon form av makt. I min studie har jag valt att undersöka makten i mötet mellan ungdomar och polis, utifrån ungdomars berättelser. Ungdomar är vår framtid, det är våra framtida ledare och politiker, det är de som kommer att ta över världen efter oss, därför är det viktigt att vi tar hand om våra ungdomar och att vi skapar en ljus framtid för dem. För att våra ungdomar ska bli välartade måste vi undersöka förhållanden som påverkar dem och deras utveckling av jaget. Därför har jag valt att undersöka makten i mötet mellan dem och polisen då jag anser att mötet påverkar dem och deras framtid. Poliser ingår i vårt rättsväsende, vi ger dem makt och legitimitet för att de ska skydda oss och bekämpa brottsligheten. Alla som har blivit utsatta för någon form av brott upplever det starka behovet av en disciplin som ska bevaka vår rätt och få oss att känna trygghet när vi går ut, trygghet när vi är i våra hem, tryggheten att kunna leva och vara fria. Men hur blir det när vi, den stora majoriteten ger så mycket makt till enstaka individer som ska bevaka vår rätt. Poliser är också mänskliga varelser som kan falla för frestelser och mänskliga reaktioner. Och hur blir det när vi ger poliser makt att hjälpa och skydda våra ungdomar och de istället använder sin makt för att trycka ner och kränka dem. Ja, makt är ett strakt ord som kan ge upphov till många olika konsekvenser.ABSTRACTPower can be played out in many different ways. In my study I have chosen to investigate the power of the encounter between youth and police, from stories told by youth. In order to help our young people to become functional human beings, we must examine the relations which can affect them and their development of self and therefor I have chosen to explore the power in the meeting between them and the police because I believe that the meeting affects them and their future. Police officers are part of our judicial system we give them power and legitimacy not only to fight crime but also to protect us. Anyone who has been subjected to some form of crime feel a strong need for a discipline that will guard our rights. But what about when we, the great majority give so much power to certain individuals in order to guard our right. What if the individuals that we have given the right to protect us instead missuses this power in order to suppress and abuse? Yes, power is an abstract word that can provide many different consequences. I will try to explore the power in the meeting between young people and the police in this essay by trying to find the answers to these questions.- How does the meeting between youth and police look like?- Which aspects of power are there?- How do young people experience the power of the police?- How is the power played out in the meeting between youths and police?- What are the consequences of the power in the meeting?I have chosen to use phenomenology as theory and focus my remarks on Schutz's work, instead off Husserl's phenomenological philosophy. The method I have used is qualitative research through a deep group interview with five youths and one depth individual interview. The result of my study has shown that police use violence, not only necessary violence that is permissible to use by the law, but also excessive violence, violence that is unjustified. Some police officers use their power to offend and assault young people. After listening to young people's stories about the police, which confirmed the earlier research that has been done, is my conclusion that the power in the encounter between youth and police is abused by the police and that young people find this very negative.
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Mah, Ngar-yin Daphne, i 馬雅燕. "Local states, policy capacity and the sustainability transition: a study of policies for wind energydevelopment in Xinjiang, Shanghai and Guangdong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47300097.
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As China has moved towards sustainable development, policies for wind energy have undergone
rapid changes over the past two decades in this country. However, although wind energy is
capable of making a significant contribution to more sustainable energy systems, it has yet to
reach its full potential. There remain significant gaps in knowledge about how and why public
policies may effectively facilitate the achievement of sustainability in general and with regard to
specific sector-based initiatives.
The objective of this study is to bridge this knowledge gap by studying governance for
sustainable development with particular reference to wind energy policies in China. This study
focuses on the role of Chinese provinces in facilitating the sustainability transition. It proposes a
conceptual framework that adopts a policy capacity approach to understanding the sustainability
transition process. Policy capacity is defined in this study as the ability to identify, assimilate and
utilize resources both inside and outside the formal state apparatus to facilitate the policy-making
process. The conceptual framework, which comprises three building blocks – context, process
and outcomes – suggests that the interactions between provinces and other stakeholders are the
factors that facilitate or constrain policy capacity.
A comparative study of the evolution of wind energy policies in three provinces, Xinjiang,
Shanghai and Guangdong is presented. The aim of the analysis is to provide a better
understanding of the mechanisms that explain whether – and how – provinces represent a key
actor in the policy capacity building process.
The key findings are first, that while the Chinese provinces may differ in their governing modes,
a common feature was that they were in a unique position to strengthen policy capacity through
their interactions with the wider society both within and outside the state. Second, the
conceptualization of the conducive and inhibitive mechanisms of policy capacity building
suggests that there were important conducive conditions for policy capacity building found in the
provinces in the form of resources (such as local leadership and trust), structures (such as social
ties and bridging structures) and dynamics (such as market dynamics and double-loop learning).
However, the provinces’ potential to enhance policy capacity was not fully utilized because of the
presence of a set of inhibitive conditions that constrained the efforts. Third, through the
conceptualization of the embeddedness of the policy capacity building process, this study reveals
that contextual factors, at both the local and national levels, were the key to explaining why
provinces differed in their response to the sustainability transition.
This study concludes by suggesting that the sustainability transition needs to envision a new
governance approach that places more attention on the role of Chinese provinces, to release and
activate the enormous capacity in provinces that could in turn strengthen the central government’s
own policy capacity for the sustainability transition.published_or_final_version
Kadoorie Institute
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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To, Yuet-ha Julia, i 杜月霞. "Changing "cop culture": attitude to discretionary power by patrol officers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978708.
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Cole, Bankole Akinyemi. "Police power and accountability in the Nigerian criminal process". Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235569.
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Lieu, Jenny. "Influences of policy learning, transfer, and post transfer learning in the development of China's wind power policies". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/46453/.
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China's renewable energy (RE) sector is developing rapidly, driven by growing energy needs, increased awareness of climate change, and heightened concerns for environmental degradation caused by the country's industrialisation process over the past decades. The Chinese government has been dedicated to the development of its RE industry and has engaged extensively in drawing lessons from abroad and applying these lessons to its own experiences in the post transfer learning process to develop policies that have contributed to the development of the largest wind power sector in the world. This thesis provides a perspective of how China, a ‘socialist market economy', has applied primarily market mechanisms from liberalised market systems found in Western Europe and the United States to develop its domestic wind power sector. Having similar economic, political and cultural value systems is not necessarily a prerequisite to policy learning; rather policy objective compatibility is a more important criterion when drawing and transferring lessons. The objective of this thesis is to analyse how the policy learning from abroad, policy transfer and the post transfer process has influenced the development of wind power policies in China through the application of a framework to analyse the policies. The framework was specifically developed for this thesis and was largely based on policy learning and policy transfer concepts as well as general learning literature. Using the wind power policies in China as a case study, this thesis identifies elements of policy learning from abroad and examines how transferred policies have been applied in first level policies that are top-level coordinating policies (e.g. mid- to long-term strategies and frameworks) as well as second level policies, with specific objectives focusing on diffusion and adoption (e.g. renewable energy policy instruments). Overall, studying policy learning from abroad, policy transfer and the post transfer process contributes to understanding how learning across political boarders contributes to the domestic policy formation and implementation process.
35
Lamoureux, Marcel. "Policy learning theory derived from Russian power sector liberalisation policy experience". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726804.
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Lamb, C. "Training policy and the state : Power and politics in policy management". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371961.
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Jonsson, Daniela, i Josephine Larsson. "The management of governmental policies for a gender-equal society of power distribution. : The case of the Swedish Police Authority". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48699.
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The Swedish police authority is an extended arm of the Swedish government. The government implements governmental policies for its authorities, aiming at sustaining and improving the safety and wellbeing of society. In Sweden, one of the main policy safeguards is gender equality, which has been the focus of this study. It builds upon a well-established regulatory system for the representation of women in leading positions and argues for the benefits associated with tackling certain equality challenges. Up until now, most of the scholarly contributions on organization management, in relation to governmental policy, have dealt with leadership power and its efficiency, rather than equality. This study showed that the contemporary application of governmental policy has an impact on organizational culture. Through policy, gender equality could be increased as it encompasses potential benefits associated with leadership and power distribution. The study showed that this is also the case for the police authorities in Sweden in which applying gender policies has implications for managers' decisions when these are used to make the organizational leadership structures more equal. The application of policies to allow gender equality has also implications for employees regarding their work performances when advancing up in hierarchies.
38
Hagström, Linus. "Enigmatic power ? : relational power analysis and statecraft in Japan's China policy /". Stockholm : Stockholm university, Dept of Political science, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40088408x.
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Zagalski, Cezar. "The courts and public policy : towards more effective judicial policy-making". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61126.
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The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has significantly changed the functions of the Canadian courts. Ever since its entrenchment in 1982, the third branch of government has enjoyed a powerful status in the Canadian polity. Countless Charter decisions, affecting the lives of all Canadians, have been rendered. The courts have been asked to rule on cruise missile testing, abortion, aboriginal rights, minority language rights and a whole range of other issues of a political, economic or social nature. Our political system, whose traditional foundations lay in the principle of parliamentary supremacy, has become one of constitutional supremacy. The new and powerful status of the nonelected judiciary has raised serious questions not only regarding the legitimacy of judicial review under the Charter but also the institutional capacity of the courts to face the Charter challenge. The author examines the nature of the judiciary's policy-making function under the Charter in order to determine the extent to which the courts are equipped to fulfil their task. The thesis suggests that in order to face the Charter challenge effectively, the courts can no longer operate within the framework of the traditional adversary process. Instead, the courts must constantly look to the prevailing values in our society as well as examine thoroughly social and scientific phenomena before rendering an "informed" policy decision. This can only be achieved through a coherent framework of Charter analysis and effective ways in handling extrinsic materials. The focus of the present paper is on section 1 of the Charter which, due to its open-ended language, most clearly invites courts to make policy-type decision.
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Coetzee, Andre Francois. "Barack Obama : a new precedent in foreign policy?" Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6819.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis aims to measure President Barack Obama’s level of presidential agency in foreign policy, in order to determine whether he will be able to achieve his ambitious goal of renewing US leadership in foreign affairs. To do so, this thesis will make use of a two-level analysis: The primary level of analysis will focus on the office of the president, and the constitutionally determined formal powers it confers on the president. It will also study the constraints placed on the president by the powers conferred on other branches of government, as well as the institutional and societal context in which the president must function. The second level of analysis will focus on the president as an individual, and the role that a number of personality traits and informal powers play in presidential agency. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that while all presidents are exposed to roughly the same set of institutional constraints, an individual president’s level of agency depends on their utilisation of a number of informal powers. In order to measure this hypothesis, a five-point framework will be developed by abstracting from the existing literature on informal powers. This framework will consist of five criteria believed to be a prerequisite for a high degree of presidential agency: (1) a favourable disposition to foreign affairs; (2) the ability to provide strong leadership in policy formulation; (3) a command over Pennsylvania Avenue politics; (4) the utilisation of the role of public opinion maker; (5) and the utilisation of the role of global statesmen. While Obama will be shown to do well against the framework, his lack of tangible accomplishments will be shown to stem from the magnitude of the challenges he faces; the larger foreign policy context in which he came to office; and the deep-seated distrust of the motives underlying US foreign policy in certain regions. Furthermore, the time constraints he faces, and the impact of the election cycle, will be identified as a limit to the pace of implementation and the extent of the changes he is able to make.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis is om President Barack Obama se vlak van presidensiële agentskap in buitelandse beleid te meet om te bepaal of hy sy ambisieuse doelwit om die VSA se leierskap in buitelandse sake te hernu, sal bereik. ’n Tweevlakkige analise sal vir hierdie doel aangewend word. Die analise sal op ’n primêre vlak fokus op die president as ampsdraer, en die formele magte wat deur die grondwet aan hom toegeken word. Dit sal ook die beperkinge wat op die president geplaas word as gevolg van die magte wat aan die ander takke van die regering toegeken word, bestudeer. Verder sal die institusionele en maatskaplike konteks waarin die president moet fuksioneer in ag geneem word. Die tweede vlak van analise sal op die president as individu fokus, en die rol wat sekere informele magte en persoonlikheidseienskappe in presidensiële agentskap speel. Die sentrale hipotese van hierdie tesis, is dat alhoewel alle presidente deur dieselfde institusionele beperkinge geaffekteer word, ’n spesifieke president se vlak van agentskap afhang van sy gebruik van informele magte. Hierdie hipotese sal gemeet woord deur ’n vyfpuntraamwerk te ontwikkel wat gebruik maak van die bestaande literatuur op presidensiële agentskap. Dié raamwerk bestaan uit vyf kriteria wat benodig word om ’n hoë vlak van agentskap te handhaaf: (1) ’n positiewe gesindheid teenoor buitelandse sake; (2) die vermoë om sterk leierskap in die beleidsformuleringsproses uit te oefen; (3) meesterskap oor Pennsyvanie Avenue politiek; (4) die gebruik van die rol van openbare ’n opinie maker; (5) en die gebruik van die rol van ’n globale staatsman. Die tesis sal wys dat alhoewel Obama suksesvol is wanneer hy teen die raamwerk gemeet word, sy tekort aan prestasies toegeskryf kan word aan die omvang van die probleme wat hy moet oplos; die groter buitelandse konteks waarin hy verkies is; en die wantroue in die VSA se onderliggende motiewe in sekere streke. Verder sal die tydsbeperkinge op sy presidentskap en die impak van die verkiesingsiklus geïdentifiseer word as ’n bepreking op die spoed waarteen hy veranderinge kan implementeer.
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Kwan, Kim-fai Adrian. "Cop culture : police socialization in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649798.
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Backlund, Kenneth. "Nuclear power policy as a differential game". Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73546.
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This paper examines nuclear energy output in a differential game framework involving two countries. The countries differ regarding nuclear technology with one being relatively safe and the other less safe. Simulation of a numerical model gives the following results, (i) A cooperative agreement will imply less use of nuclear energy compared with both a noncooperative Nash equilibrium and an uncontrolled market solution, (ii) The country with relatively safe nuclear energy technology benefits most from a cooperative solution, (iii) Starting from an uncontrolled market economy, an agreement between the countries to introduce taxation of nuclear energy will be beneficial for both countries. However, by starting from the noncooperative Nash equilibrium, an agreement to slightly increase the nuclear energy taxes will be most beneficial for the country with less safe nuclear energy technology.digitalisering@umu
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Parmar, Inderjeet S. "Think tanks and power in foreign policy". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:14682.
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Doyle, Christopher. "Private labels, buyer power and competition policy". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2989/.
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Private labels - products controlled by retailers instead of suppliers - are an increasingly important market segment for firms worldwide. They, and the closely related concept of buyer power, have become a topic of major interest and concern for competition authorities around the world. Firstly we explain the growth of private labels as retailers taking over the role of quality certification from suppliers. Consumers, wary about product quality, seek reassurance in a brand they can trust, and this role of certifying quality is moving downstream from manufacturers to distributors. We explain this by modelling the negotiations that takes place within the production chain, and demonstrate that by establishing a private label a retailer improves his sourcing options and hence his bargaining position, and increases his profits. Next we examine how the presence of private labels in a market affects non-price competition between firms, in particular incentives to invest, an area which the literature has neglected in favour of a simple focus on prices. We demonstrate that, while under certain conditions the conventional wisdom the private labels can reduce suppliers' investment incentives can be correct, the outcome is more complex than traditionally thought. Private labels can also potentially spur suppliers to increase investment, which ultimately benefits consumers. Thirdly we examine the implications of private labels for an argument of great significance in competition policy: the countervailing buyer power merger defence. We discuss several major cases where this idea - that buyer power downstream can prevent wholesale prices rising following an upstream merger - has been crucial in determining the outcome. We present a formal model of this argument - to our knowledge the first and demonstrate some limitations to the validity of this defence, but also highlight circumstances where it may be unexpectedly applicable.
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Hulagu, Demirbilek Funda. "Restoring Class Power Over The Police: The Role Of The International In Neoliberal Police Reform In Turkey". Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613859/index.pdf.
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This thesis provides a critical analysis of the post-Soviet police transformation that has been on the agenda for about two decades in all over the world. To elaborate and rethink this analysis within a concrete historical process, the transformation of the police in Turkey is focused on. However, as the number of political science-based studies on the police are very limited, and as the dominant academic studies on neoliberal police reform have been determined by policy makers themselves, that state of affairs has necessitated a prior theoretical research to be made on the question of &ldquowhat the police is&rdquo
. For, it is proved to be impossible to produce critical knowledge on police transformation without developing a theoretical framework on the nature of the modern police and the tensions embedded in it. Hence, before analyzing the neoliberal period, the thesis attempts to develop a class-based theoretical framework on the formation of the modern police in the 19th century, and concludes that the modern police apparatus has been shaped by a specific political division of labour between the state power and the class power. The form of the police is defined according to by which of these powers it is determined more, a process which has been constituted since the 19th century by a transnational collective agency that includes various fractions of the ruling classes as well as police chiefs and police intellectuals. It is the historical materialist method that provides the theoretical toolset to make sense of the transformation taking place in the police. Having analyzed the neoliberal police reform by the help of this theoretical toolset, the thesis maintains that in the neoliberal era the police apparatuses have been reintroduced to the political sphere as &ldquo
anti-statist non-state&rdquo
actors, and started making transformative interventions in the modern political field. The police restructured as a non-state actor has been dissolving the modern political field through various strategies. The thesis specifies these strategies on the basis of the police transformation process in Turkey. The police apparatus in Turkey has been constructing itself even as a &ldquo
civil society&rdquo
organization, and redefining the processes of legitimation, and mass participation of people in politics &ndash
which are necessary aspects modern political field- through its new police ideology. The main argument of the thesis is that this process as a whole is one that restores the class power of the capitalists over the police.
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Gordon, Raymond Daniel. "The constitution of power in the New South Wales Police Service /". Electronic version, 2003. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20040825.173438/index.html.
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Shannon, I. C. N. "Convenient constructs : how chief police officers in England and Wales understand the right of police to exercise power". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3027487/.
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Chief police officers are an elite group whose beliefs and actions may contribute to reproducing, developing or transforming police legitimacy. This research answers the question, 'how do chief police officers in England and Wales understand the right of police to exercise power?' The chief officers who participated in this research all invoked duties to protect the public (particularly the most vulnerable), policing by consent and explanations based in law and associated checks and balances. However, the significant and original academic contribution that this thesis makes is the finding that these legitimating constructs are confused, conflicted and, above all, convenient. Confusion was evident in vague accounts of vulnerability and hazy notions of consensual policing. When discussing law, operational independence was described as 'grey', which may have implications for the ability or will of chief officers to resist the imposition of priorities that infringe on civil liberties. Conflict was found between a rhetoric of consent and the practice of coercion. Narratives of vulnerability and policing by consent also clashed, as hunting threats to the vulnerable may not compensate for failures to tackle issues that are more immediate for many people. Participants' claims that law and associated checks and balances are important in ensuring police power is used properly sat uncomfortably with their distaste for the process of scrutiny. These tensions and conflicts contributed to participants' perceptions that they were pressured and that their positions were precarious. Narratives of complexity and change can be convenient in helping chief officers assert a privileged position when making decisions about the use of power. The vagueness of vulnerability and hazy conceptualisations of consent may also be convenient legitimating narratives, which cloak coercion and control. A leitmotif was a convenient construction of a broadly consensual 'now' contrasted with a more coercive 'then', which could camouflage contemporary concerns about police legitimacy. Together these stories conveniently help chief officers, and potentially politicians, to set priorities for the use of police power that are difficult for citizens to challenge, particularly when 'folk devil[s]' (Wells, 2016: 278) and policing myths (Emsley, 2014) are called on in attempts to legitimate such agendas.
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Bochel, Catherine. "Power, participation and representation : exploring the policy process". Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2016. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/23081/.
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Jackson, Dale L. "Politics and power : petroleum policy in British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28242.
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This thesis examines the determinants of petroleum policy in British Columbia. The vast financial stakes in the petroleum sector, and the upheaval the sector has undergone in the past twenty years, ensure the participation of the most powerful actors in attempting to influence policy in their favor. The thesis examines two specific case studies: (1) the long running dispute over ownership and jurisdiction of Canada's western offshore region, and (2) the radical shifts in natural gas pricing in British Columbia.
Four theoretical explanations of policy formation are utilized: party and ideology, Marxism, state autonomy, and internationalism. Party and ideology involves the belief that the political party in power is able to affect the policy process, and that parties have policy preferences based on ideological differences between the parties' members or electoral supporters. The Marxist analysis of capitalist society sees the owners of the means of production as the dominant class, and thus government policy is designed to favor this class. State autonomy focuses on the ability of state actors and/or institutions to affect the policy process in ways that entrench and expand the interests of government actors. Finally, internationalism holds that forces and conditions outside of the polity being studied influence, and may even dominate, domestic policy formation. It is concluded that all four variables play some role in determining policy, but that two of these are paramount. Both the statist impulses generated by the unique variant of federalism found in Canada, and the ability of the petroleum industry to influence the provincial and federal governments, are indispensable in understanding petroleum policy in British Columbia. There is a balance of power between these three sets of actors, each able to put its stamp on policy, but none able to dominate completely.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Miliate, Brandon Joseph. "Small power : Mongolia's democratization and foreign policy objectives". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43714.
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Small states are in a unique position, where they cannot hope to meet their foreign policy and security objectives through hard power. Rather, small states must balance against large neighbors via more subtle and nuanced ways. Through a critique of soft power, the author presents a new analytical framework for understanding small power and new criteria for defining “smallness” in today’s international system. Small power attempts to explain small state foreign policy decision-making and the role that “attractiveness” plays in their relations with larger states. One potential source of small power- democratic governance- is explored through a detailed look at the Mongolian model of democratization as a foreign policy tool in its “third neighbor policy”. Successful democratic transitions in small states can attract more security-related, economic, and institutional support from leading democratic countries than their small size might initially suggest.