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1
Lima, Julio L. "Power, trust, police unions, and police managers| A quantitative research study". Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3732850.
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A Likert Scale Attitudinal Survey was distributed to sworn, non-supervisor, police officers at six police departments in the state of California in a department roll-call setting to measure the counterbalance of power, trust, and influence between police managers and police union leaders. The relationship between a police management and police union leadership is critical component in the internal dynamics of the police organization. The results from this study provide evidence that although on average rank and file police officers tend to trust and attribute more power within police organizations to police unions rather than to police managers, an analysis of the survey responses by inferential statistics showed that these differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, an analysis of the survey results measuring the relationship between the specific leadership bases of power and trust revealed a statistically significant relationship between the perception of trust by rank and file officers and the use of specific bases of power by police managers and police union leaders. In conclusion, the implications for studies of leadership, power, and policing are discussed.
2
To, Yuet-ha Julia. "Changing "cop culture" : attitude to discretionary power by patrol officers /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20621966.
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Leung, Po-tak. "Reasonable suspicion : a police perspective /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13857812.
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Pang, Yiu-nam Terry. "An analysis of the legetimization of police powers in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21037693.
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Finkle, Clea T. "State, power, and police in colonial North India /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10697.
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6
Leung, Po-tak, i 梁寶德. "Reasonable suspicion: a police perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977741.
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Morris, Robert Matthew. "The Metropolitan police and government, 1860-1920". Thesis, n.p, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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8
Sandes, Wilquerson Felizardo. "Dimensões da ação policial em uma troca de tiros : um estudo psicossociológico da decisão pelo uso da força letal". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250843.
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Orientador: Salvador Antonio Mireles SandovalTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandes_WilquersonFelizardo_D.pdf: 4722535 bytes, checksum: 36d8f5d3fd5b0ebf3b00c0ff0ce4d681 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Seis dimensões influenciam na decisão pelo uso da força letal, com utilização de arma de fogo em situações de perigo, na complexidade de uma ação policial: 1) perfil do policial; 2) ambiente do confronto; 3) tomada de decisão; 4) reações emocionais; 5) lição aprendida antes e depois do evento; 6) valores e expectativas dos policiais quanto à visão interna e externa sobre enfrentamento armado. Quando uma ação é desencadeada, todas as dimensões citadas influenciam de alguma forma no resultado geral. É o que esta pesquisa se propõe analisar, com o objetivo de contribuir com apontamentos e subsídios psicossociológicos para o currículo relacionado ao uso da força e armas de fogo, no campo da educação policial. A metodologia combina explicação por mecanismos via técnicas etnometodológicas com utilização dos seguintes recursos: pesquisa bibliográfica, observação participante, entrevistas e grupos focais com policiais, iconografia com desenhos de confrontos elaborados por policiais que decidiram pelo uso da força letal Na introdução do trabalho, incluímos a problematização, os dilemas relacionados ao uso da força e a metodologia da pesquisa. O desenvolvimento foi estruturado em seis dimensões analíticas sobre a decisão pelo confronto armado, incluindo eventos que, em muitos episódios, resultaram no derramamento de sangue entre policiais e seus oponentes eventuais. Nas conclusões, apontamos as diversas impressões e reflexões sobre o assunto. Outras dimensões de análise podem existir, porém as seis que elencamos foram as que surgiram ao longo do desafio de quatro anos de pesquisa em educação com ênfase nas ciências sociais.
Abstract: In police action, six dimensions influence the decision to use lethal force, with a firearm in dangerous situations: 1) behavior of the police officer; 2) environment of confrontation; 3) decision making; 4) reactions emotional; 5) the learning before and after; 6) beliefs and expectations of police officers. When an action is triggered, all these dimensions in some way, can influence the overall result. That's what this thesis analyze search, with the aim of contributing to analysis psychosociological for curriculum related to the use of force and firearms, in the field of education. The methodology combines the following features: literature review, participant observation, interviews and focus groups, iconography with drawings prepared by police officers about use of lethal force. In the introduction to the work, include the problem, dilemmas related to the use of force, and research methodology. The development was divided into six analytical dimensions of the decision by the armed confrontation. The conclusions point out the various impressions and thoughts on the subject. Further analysis dimensions may exist, but the six that were those that emerged during the challenge four years of research in education with an emphasis in social sciences.
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais na Educação
Doutor em Educação
9
Westmarland, Louise. "Gender and policing sex, power and police culture /". Cullompton : Willan, 2001. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10306157.
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Zenab, Iskandarani. "Power in the meeting between youth and police". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24440.
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Makt kan utspela sig på många olika sätt, i varje sammanhang inom varje rum finns någon form av makt. I min studie har jag valt att undersöka makten i mötet mellan ungdomar och polis, utifrån ungdomars berättelser. Ungdomar är vår framtid, det är våra framtida ledare och politiker, det är de som kommer att ta över världen efter oss, därför är det viktigt att vi tar hand om våra ungdomar och att vi skapar en ljus framtid för dem. För att våra ungdomar ska bli välartade måste vi undersöka förhållanden som påverkar dem och deras utveckling av jaget. Därför har jag valt att undersöka makten i mötet mellan dem och polisen då jag anser att mötet påverkar dem och deras framtid. Poliser ingår i vårt rättsväsende, vi ger dem makt och legitimitet för att de ska skydda oss och bekämpa brottsligheten. Alla som har blivit utsatta för någon form av brott upplever det starka behovet av en disciplin som ska bevaka vår rätt och få oss att känna trygghet när vi går ut, trygghet när vi är i våra hem, tryggheten att kunna leva och vara fria. Men hur blir det när vi, den stora majoriteten ger så mycket makt till enstaka individer som ska bevaka vår rätt. Poliser är också mänskliga varelser som kan falla för frestelser och mänskliga reaktioner. Och hur blir det när vi ger poliser makt att hjälpa och skydda våra ungdomar och de istället använder sin makt för att trycka ner och kränka dem. Ja, makt är ett strakt ord som kan ge upphov till många olika konsekvenser.ABSTRACTPower can be played out in many different ways. In my study I have chosen to investigate the power of the encounter between youth and police, from stories told by youth. In order to help our young people to become functional human beings, we must examine the relations which can affect them and their development of self and therefor I have chosen to explore the power in the meeting between them and the police because I believe that the meeting affects them and their future. Police officers are part of our judicial system we give them power and legitimacy not only to fight crime but also to protect us. Anyone who has been subjected to some form of crime feel a strong need for a discipline that will guard our rights. But what about when we, the great majority give so much power to certain individuals in order to guard our right. What if the individuals that we have given the right to protect us instead missuses this power in order to suppress and abuse? Yes, power is an abstract word that can provide many different consequences. I will try to explore the power in the meeting between young people and the police in this essay by trying to find the answers to these questions.- How does the meeting between youth and police look like?- Which aspects of power are there?- How do young people experience the power of the police?- How is the power played out in the meeting between youths and police?- What are the consequences of the power in the meeting?I have chosen to use phenomenology as theory and focus my remarks on Schutz's work, instead off Husserl's phenomenological philosophy. The method I have used is qualitative research through a deep group interview with five youths and one depth individual interview. The result of my study has shown that police use violence, not only necessary violence that is permissible to use by the law, but also excessive violence, violence that is unjustified. Some police officers use their power to offend and assault young people. After listening to young people's stories about the police, which confirmed the earlier research that has been done, is my conclusion that the power in the encounter between youth and police is abused by the police and that young people find this very negative.
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Pang, Yiu-nam Terry, i 彭耀南. "An analysis of the legetimization of police powers in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965982.
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To, Yuet-ha Julia, i 杜月霞. "Changing "cop culture": attitude to discretionary power by patrol officers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978708.
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Cole, Bankole Akinyemi. "Police power and accountability in the Nigerian criminal process". Thesis, Keele University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235569.
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Gordon, Raymond Daniel. "The constitution of power in the New South Wales Police Service /". Electronic version, 2003. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20040825.173438/index.html.
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Kwan, Kim-fai Adrian. "Cop culture : police socialization in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649798.
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Hulagu, Demirbilek Funda. "Restoring Class Power Over The Police: The Role Of The International In Neoliberal Police Reform In Turkey". Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613859/index.pdf.
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This thesis provides a critical analysis of the post-Soviet police transformation that has been on the agenda for about two decades in all over the world. To elaborate and rethink this analysis within a concrete historical process, the transformation of the police in Turkey is focused on. However, as the number of political science-based studies on the police are very limited, and as the dominant academic studies on neoliberal police reform have been determined by policy makers themselves, that state of affairs has necessitated a prior theoretical research to be made on the question of &ldquowhat the police is&rdquo
. For, it is proved to be impossible to produce critical knowledge on police transformation without developing a theoretical framework on the nature of the modern police and the tensions embedded in it. Hence, before analyzing the neoliberal period, the thesis attempts to develop a class-based theoretical framework on the formation of the modern police in the 19th century, and concludes that the modern police apparatus has been shaped by a specific political division of labour between the state power and the class power. The form of the police is defined according to by which of these powers it is determined more, a process which has been constituted since the 19th century by a transnational collective agency that includes various fractions of the ruling classes as well as police chiefs and police intellectuals. It is the historical materialist method that provides the theoretical toolset to make sense of the transformation taking place in the police. Having analyzed the neoliberal police reform by the help of this theoretical toolset, the thesis maintains that in the neoliberal era the police apparatuses have been reintroduced to the political sphere as &ldquo
anti-statist non-state&rdquo
actors, and started making transformative interventions in the modern political field. The police restructured as a non-state actor has been dissolving the modern political field through various strategies. The thesis specifies these strategies on the basis of the police transformation process in Turkey. The police apparatus in Turkey has been constructing itself even as a &ldquo
civil society&rdquo
organization, and redefining the processes of legitimation, and mass participation of people in politics &ndash
which are necessary aspects modern political field- through its new police ideology. The main argument of the thesis is that this process as a whole is one that restores the class power of the capitalists over the police.
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Shannon, I. C. N. "Convenient constructs : how chief police officers in England and Wales understand the right of police to exercise power". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3027487/.
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Chief police officers are an elite group whose beliefs and actions may contribute to reproducing, developing or transforming police legitimacy. This research answers the question, 'how do chief police officers in England and Wales understand the right of police to exercise power?' The chief officers who participated in this research all invoked duties to protect the public (particularly the most vulnerable), policing by consent and explanations based in law and associated checks and balances. However, the significant and original academic contribution that this thesis makes is the finding that these legitimating constructs are confused, conflicted and, above all, convenient. Confusion was evident in vague accounts of vulnerability and hazy notions of consensual policing. When discussing law, operational independence was described as 'grey', which may have implications for the ability or will of chief officers to resist the imposition of priorities that infringe on civil liberties. Conflict was found between a rhetoric of consent and the practice of coercion. Narratives of vulnerability and policing by consent also clashed, as hunting threats to the vulnerable may not compensate for failures to tackle issues that are more immediate for many people. Participants' claims that law and associated checks and balances are important in ensuring police power is used properly sat uncomfortably with their distaste for the process of scrutiny. These tensions and conflicts contributed to participants' perceptions that they were pressured and that their positions were precarious. Narratives of complexity and change can be convenient in helping chief officers assert a privileged position when making decisions about the use of power. The vagueness of vulnerability and hazy conceptualisations of consent may also be convenient legitimating narratives, which cloak coercion and control. A leitmotif was a convenient construction of a broadly consensual 'now' contrasted with a more coercive 'then', which could camouflage contemporary concerns about police legitimacy. Together these stories conveniently help chief officers, and potentially politicians, to set priorities for the use of police power that are difficult for citizens to challenge, particularly when 'folk devil[s]' (Wells, 2016: 278) and policing myths (Emsley, 2014) are called on in attempts to legitimate such agendas.
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Schwartz, David. "Harnessing Power: Exploring Citizen's Use of Networked Technologies to Promote Police Accountability". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35338.
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In this examination of citizen surveillance, I engage with Foucaultian and Deleuzian
conceptualizations of surveillance, power, resistance, control, and desire, to explore the
motivation(s) of community members who film and disseminate footage of the police.
Methodologically, I conducted semi-structured interviews with community stakeholders
to study the latent thematic ideas embedded in their responses. These themes represent
the underlying motivational factors a citizen surveiller may have when filming the police.
In my analysis of these themes, I explore: citizen surveillers’ logic for resisting power;
citizen surveillers’ understandings of power; and, citizen surveillers’ reported approaches
to both passive and active forms of resistance. Subsequently, there appears to be an
underlying desire for power and a resistance to power when filming the police. However,
given the exploratory nature of this study, there is a need to continue investigating the
theoretical and under substantiated claims about citizen surveillance and its association
with race, gender and socio-economic status.
19
Keith, Beverley Anne. "Managing the blues : theories and practices of power in the police service". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36315/.
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The primary intention of this thesis is to explore theories and practices of power. To that end, the analysis first pays close and critical attention to a number of theories of power, and employs the empirical example of the police organization as a means through which to explore the strengths and weaknesses of these different theoretical perspectives. These themes are examined in a number of ways: firstly, by setting out and exploring different sociological and organizational theories of power; secondly, by considering a range of powerrelated practices (management practices, hierarchical practices, and gender related power practices) in light of theoretical approaches to power; and thirdly, by seeking to push forward theories of power in light of the (theoretically informed) empirical analysis. The empirical analysis is based on semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation of officers in one Constabulary. This thesis brings to the police literature a critical perspective on organizations that has been largely lacking to date. The analysis aims to extend the terms of debate about the theory and practice of power in some measure in light of its focus on how power operates in cultural practices, organizational practices, and notions of subjectivity and identity management. This thesis draws first on the power-related work of Max Weber, and associated critiques, for a greater understanding of the assumptions and limitations of bureaucracy, appropriate to a study of power in the quasi-militaristic bureaucratic police organization. The thesis also draws on the power-related approach of Michel Foucault, and related critiques. The analysis engages critically with the power/knowledge concept, and related questions of resistance and agency. Considerations of epistemological and ontological constraints inform the whole analysis, with regard to theories of power, methodology, and in explorations of power-related theory in light of empirical data. This thesis argues that power informs what is often described as the intransigence of police culture, and that power is reflected in, and as a consequence of, organizational structures, managerial practices, and officers' concerns with subjectivity. Accordingly, the underlying assumptions of this thesis are that: 1) in order to understand many seemingly intransigent practices within the police force it is necessary to explore the analytical significance of power as expressed in structure, discourse and practices, and; 2) that identities are negotiated in a complex environment in which success and status are informed and defined largely by a history of white, male practices. The research places questions of power inequalities at the centre of much of the analysis, in particular gender inequalities. The analysis also engages with current debates in organizational theory about power and resistance and seeks to extend the ways in which resistance is theorized and researched empirically. The analysis therefore considers officers' 'interactions with, and responses to' a range of organizational practices, in order to engage critically with the powerrelated implications of everyday practices in the police, and, to push forward the ways in which workplace resistance (and compliance) are theorized. This thesis shows some of the ways in which assessment practices in the police organization exacerbate and shape concerns with subjectivity as often expressed in attempts to protect aspects of identity, or in the privileging of some aspects of identity in this very public, and male dominated, workplace. A central contention of the present work: that many theories of power, including those associated with Weber and Foucault, do not adequately incorporate the influence and role of identity and subjectivity in the shaping of power practices.
20
Richert, William Henry. "Parolee and police officer perceptions of prison gang etiology, power, and control". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3008.
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Examines the attitudes and perceptions among parolees, and police officers on why inmates join prison gangs, how powerful they are, and their power and control in prison. Data was gathered from 250 surveys distributed to a group of parolees at an undisclosed southern California municipal police department jail, and 250 surveys distributed to police managers attending the FBI National Academy in Quantico, Virginia. Results of this study validated the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in attitudes and perceptions of parolees and police officers of why inmates join prison gangs and the power and control gang inmates have in prison.
21
Mabote, Noa Querino. "A problemática do uso excessivo ou indiscriminado da força na atuação policial em Moçambique". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158101.
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O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre o excesso de poder da força na atuação policial em Moçambique. Apresenta como plano de fundo a análise da atuação da polícia, no que concerne ao uso excessivo ou indiscriminado da força no exercício das suas funções, e a busca de soluções técnico-científicas para a redução desse problema. Assim, evitando a violação dos direitos humanos. A partir desta perspectiva, busca-se compreender a problemática do uso excessivo ou indiscriminado da força na atuação policial em Moçambique, vivida nos últimos anos pelo país, tendo em vista sugerir políticas a serem traçadas para minimizar, colmatar, e estancar o problema de tal forma que se extrapole este flagelo que atinge a sociedade moçambicana. Os ditames do art. 254 da Constituição da República de Moçambique datada de 1990, alterada em 2005, preconiza que a polícia deve assegurar o respeito pelo Estado de direito democrático e a observância estrita dos direitos e liberdades fundamentais dos cidadãos. Embora a Constituição e a lei proíbam tais práticas, a polícia, inadequadamente preparada, usou frequentemente força excessiva ou indiscriminada, além de cometer abusos físicos severos durante as apreensões, interrogatórios e detenções de suspeitos criminosos, inclusive em manifestações democráticas em todo o país. Em conformidade com o disposto no art. 358º do CPP/Mz que “proíbe a toda a autoridade ou agente de autoridade de maltratar ou fazer qualquer insulto, violência física ou psíquica. Neste sentido, as armas de fogo só devem ser utilizadas para defender as pessoas contra a ameaça iminente de morte ou ferimentos graves ou para impedir uma ameaça grave à vida e apenas quando meios menos extremos forem insuficientes. A força letal só deve ser utilizada quando for estritamente inevitável para proteger a vida. Em diversos casos de violações dos direitos humanos praticados pela polícia, não houve qualquer investigação e nem foram tomadas quaisquer medidas disciplinares contra os responsáveis e, de fato, nenhum agente da polícia foi processado. Pois, os autores deste crime continuam impunes e cometem outras violações. O ser humano é titular de um direito e é considerado como um membro da sociedade e goza de todos os direitos garantidos pela Constituição os quais não podem serem violados.The present work presents a study about the abuse of power of the police force action in Mozambique. The purpose of this study is to analyze the police's behavior regarding the excessive or indiscriminate use of force in the exercise of their functions and to seek technical-scientific solutions to reduce this problem, thus avoiding the violation of human rights. From this perspective, the aim is to understand the problem of the excessive or indiscriminate use of force in the police action in Mozambique, which in recent years the country has lived and, with a view to suggesting policies to be drawn up to minimize, stop, or prevent problem so that this scourge that undermines Mozambican society is extrapolated. In the dictates of art. 254 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mozambique of 1990, amended in 2005, advocates that the police must ensure respect for the democratic rule of law and strict observance of citizens' fundamental rights and freedoms. Although the Constitution and the law prohibit such practices, the police, inadequately trained, often uses excessive or indiscriminate force and severe physical abuse during the seizures, interrogations, arrests of criminal suspects even in democratic demonstrations throughout the country. In accordance with the provisions of art. 355 of the CPP / Mz, that "prohibits any authority or agent of the authority from mistreating or doing any insult or physical or psychic violence. In this sense, firearms should only be used to defend people against the imminent threat of death or serious injury or to prevent a serious threat to life and only when less extreme means are insufficient. Lethal force should only be used when it is strictly unavoidable to protect life. In several cases of human rights violations committed by the police, no investigation was carried out and no disciplinary action was taken against those responsible and, in fact, no police officers were prosecuted. For the perpetrators of this crime remain unpunished and commit other violations. The human being holds a right, and he/she is considered as a member of society and has all the rights guaranteed by the Constitution and cannot be violated.
22
Franco, Marcos Roberto. "O poder de polícia no contexto atual". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-06122012-152940/.
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O Estado contemporâneo exigiu dos mecanismos de Direito, em especial do Direito Administrativo, uma forte atualização voltada a atender de modo satisfatório as exigentes demandas sociais destes novos tempos. O trabalho que ora apresentamos tem como objetivo questionar e apontar a importância e o adequado papel do poder de polícia numa sociedade democrática, participativa e moderna. Para tanto, a pesquisa inicia-se trazendo à lembrança as principais características do instituto, desde sua história mais remota, passando pelas principais críticas que o tema enfrentou para então, à luz das ideias democráticas mais avançadas, verificar se esta função pública é adequada e apta para figurar entre os mecanismos de promoção de um convívio social justo e equilibrado.The contemporary State demanded of the mechanisms of Law, Administrative Law in particular, a strong update aimed to satisfactorily meet the stringent social demands of these new times. The work presented aims to question and highlight the importance and proper role of the police power in a democratic society, participatory and modern. To this end, the research starts bringing to mind the main features of the institute since its earliest history, through the main criticisms that the theme faced, to then, in the light of the most advanced democratic ideas, check whether this public function is appropriate and apt to be among the mechanisms that promote a fair and balanced social life.
23
Gasper, Rosalind. "Police and communities together? : an analysis of power and identities in public meetings". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/38604/.
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The involvement of citizens and communities in public service decision-making has been the focus of a great deal of policy initiatives and academic research over recent years. Much of this research, exploring the conduct, effectiveness, and problems of citizen engagement, has shown how the roles of the citizen-consumer and public service officials in co-governance are problematised and contested (Clarke et al 2007, Foot 2009). This has led to a call for empirical research to explore and better understand the local situated practice within implementations (Hughes 2007, Barnes 2009). My research addresses the gap in our knowledge of the bottom-up micro-level practice of co-governance by conducting ethnography of the lived experience of neighbourhood public meetings that were introduced as part of the Neighbourhood Policing programme within England and Wales. My methodology draws on critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 2005a) in understanding the importance of identities in collaboration and the way that power dynamics are enacted within collaborative interactions. By providing evidence of locality differences and of nuanced embodied and relational identities within collaboration it contributes empirical depth to our knowledge of the situated practice of professionals, residents and elected representatives within the context of power-sharing and vertical coproduction. This highlights the importance of procedural, distributive and outcome justice in police-community engagement (Bradford 2011). It also contributes to current policy and practice debates in a number of ways: by making the case for the empowerment of disadvantaged communities as predicated by radical communitarianism (Braithwaite 2000); by demonstrating the relevance and importance of collective identities within co-governance (Emejulu 2011); and by exploring the difficulties faced by the police and public service officials in dealing with both citizens and elected representatives within co-governance (Yang 2005, Sullivan 2009). Finally it highlights the importance of the relationship between horizontal and vertical partnerships and how access to key decision-makers is vital for community co-governance to achieve any form of justice.
24
Nelson, Sara Elizabeth. "Policing women : race, class, and power in the women's police stations of Brazil /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6502.
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Horton, Keith S. "A critical study of information system strategy formation in a public sector context". Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2000. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19834/.
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This thesis comprises a critical examination of Information System Strategy (ISS) formation in a public sector context, namely the Police Service in Scotland. Despite the apparent importance attached to ISS, and the proliferation of many methods to assist those engaged in ISS formation, the practice of ISS formation remains comparatively ill-understood. The concepts of strategy and power can be viewed as being closely linked. Using theory based accounts of power, we put forward a multi-dimensional conceptualisation of power as an aid to organisational analysis of ISS formation. Consequently, the focus of this work is not only a detailed investigation into ISS formation practice, but also one in which we evaluate the way in which a multi-dimensional conceptualisation of power affects our understanding of ISS formation practice. This research is based upon six longitudinal case studies of ISS formation in the Police Service. Data collection involved a number of methods: in-depth semi-structured interviews, informal conversation, participation, collection of documentation produced within the case study settings, and collation and analysis of documentary materials from secondary sources. The abstraction of several themes from a cross-case comparative analysis of issues has led to the development of a conceptual framework which underpins our contribution to knowledge: namely, a means of understanding ISS formation as micro-political activity, based upon an ongoing process of construction and reconstruction of social reality. This in turn can be considered as being based upon individual mental constructs, which in turn are influenced by the themes identified. Our framework has been developed as an epistemological device to aid thinking about ISS formation, rather than as a representation of what an ISS formation process is. Implicit in the framework is the contention that ISS formation reflects power relations; however, the practical difficulties in researching power issues should not be underestimated. Several areas for further research arising from this thesis are discussed.
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Davids, Cindy Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Police misconduct, regulation, and accountability : conflict of interest complaints against Victoria Police officers 1988???1998". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20515.
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Conflict of interest allegations became a prominent part of the political and public sector in the 1980s and 1990s in Australia and elsewhere. The arena of policing was not immune, and in Victoria, the Ombudsman drew particular attention to the problem and expressed concern about the rise in public complaints relating to alleged conflicts of interest on the part of police officers. Against this background, permission was granted by Victoria Police for a major study of conflict of interest complaints against police officers within their jurisdiction. Access was granted to all public complaint case files where conflict of interest was the focus of the allegations, from the period 1988???1998. A total of 377 usable complaints files were examined, involving 539 police officers. Through extensive examination and analysis of these complaint case files, a comprehensive map of the particular kinds of interest involved, the nature of the conflicts with official police duties, and the particular contexts within which conflicts of interest emerged, was developed. Analysis of the case files identified 25 different types of problems related to conflict of interest. These were spread across the private and public realms of police officers??? involvements. Previous studies of conflict of interest have focused largely on the opportunities for misconduct arising in the public realm of police work and police duty, largely neglecting attention to the private realm of the relationships and involvements of a police officer that give rise to conflicts of interest. In this study, the specific private interests that gave rise to problems were able to be identified in 35 percent of all cases. Three broad problem areas were identified: (i) outside employment, private business interests, political, social, and sporting interests and involvements; (ii) family-based involvements, especially those involving family law problems; and (iii) problematic personal relationships, including relationships with criminals, informers, and persons of ill repute. These conflicts of interest were related to a range of breaches of official police duty, including the misuse of police authority for personal or family benefit, the use of police position to facilitate personal relationships, and inappropriate disclosure of confidential police information. When the conflict of interest identified related specifically to a police officer???s official or public role as a member of the police force, the main types of misconduct identified included three broad areas: (i) the use and abuse of police powers and authority; (ii) the use and abuse of police resources, including information; and (iii) the receipt of gratuities and breaches of the law. These problems were shown to play out in a range of ways, encompassing such behaviours as misuse of the police identity, inappropriate accessing of police information, involvement in investigations where the police officer concerned has a personal interest in the matter, failing to take appropriate police action against friends, family, or associates, the exercise of improper influence in civil matters, and engagement in harassment and discrimination. This study offers some important conceptual developments in relation to the notion of conflict of interest, focusing on the importance of the distinction between a conflict of interest and an associated breach of duty. The study noted that it is often erroneously assumed by police that if there is no breach of duty evidenced, then there is no problem of conflict of interest. The study also offers an important insight into the oversight and accountability processes involved in Victoria Police, emphasising the importance and effectiveness of the oversight role of the office of the Victorian Ombudsman. Evidence also suggests that the internal review processes within Victoria Police are by-and-large stringent, and that senior police management are genuinely interested in making police officers more accountable for their actions. However, it is concluded that both front-line operational police officer and police management often have a limited understanding of conflict of interest, and problems attendant to conflicts of interest. The study???s insights into the problem of conflict of interest are significant insofar as this problem is related to police misconduct???ranging from minor to serious???of various kinds. Attention to the problem of conflict of interest may be an important element in preventing ???upstream??? police misconduct and corruption.
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Millen, Floyd. "Police authorities : citizenship and accountability". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8203.
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This thesis explores the role and effectiveness of police authorities in connecting policing and the citizen and in increasing the citizen's involvement in the delivery of their policing service. The thesis examines: police authorities in the context of citizenship and in relation to accountability; and whether the operational function of law enforcement, the original charge of Keeping the Kings Peace and policing by consent - can work homogenously within a system characterised by both active and passive citizenry. Individual chapters discuss whether police authorities have sufficient power, whether the home secretary and chief constable have too much power, and the propensity of police authorities to demand answers and call the police service to account. As history shows, it is possible to have a police service carrying out policing functions in the absence of a police authority performing a scrutiny function; but it would be impossible to have a police authority without a police service. Therefore, the thesis argues that the added value, the relevance and the effectiveness of police authorities needs to be unambiguous.
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Bares, Kyle Jordan. "The Power of Belief: Police Perceptions, Parole Officer Relationships, and Re-incarceration During Reentry". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1541006227806382.
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Richter, Karen E. (Karen Emilie) Carleton University Dissertation Anthropology. "Words of authority, words of control: speaking as a police officer". Ottawa, 1992.
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Morrison, Hamish. ""Quis costodiet ipsos custodes?" : the problems of policing in anglophone Africa during the transfer of power". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225703.
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The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the role of colonial police forces in anglophone Africa in the period between 1947 and 1964/5 when the transition from colonial dependencies to independent nation-states took place. The police are an important component of all modern states. It is argued in the thesis that the police formed one of the key foundation stones of the colonial state in Africa. The question of how to deal with colonial police forces in the post World War Two period severely tested policy makers both in Whitehall and in the individual territories. The related problems of the role of the military forces also arose. On the one hand, there was perceived to be a need sharply to increase the strength of the police, as well as to militarise them and radically to improve intelligence systems. This was as a result of what was seen as the growing threat of communism and because of civil disorders, usually inspired by nationalist sentiment, such as those in Accra in 1948. On the other hand, there was a desire to insulate the police from political interference with the advent of self-government in the various territories. As decolonisation proceeded, it was seen that the cherished 'Westminster Model' of government would fail if the police were not constitutionally safeguarded. It was thought that if urgent action was not taken, 'police states' would emerge throughout anglophone Africa after colonial rule was terminated. In the event successful policies were not readily forthcoming, and British administered territories did enter Independence without proper safeguards that might have regulated and controlled the position of the police. The legacy has been a devastating one for much of Africa.
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Anjos, Verônica Almeida dos. "O poder de polícia: um estudo sobre as percepções dos policiais militares do Estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre o poder de polícia". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2892.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma discussão sobre o poder de polícia materializado na prática policial cotidiana dos policiais da Polícia Militar do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para desenvolver o tema poder de polícia foi imprescindível abordar os elementos que o constituem, que são: a discricionariedade da atividade de polícia, os termos do mandato de polícia, as formas de controle da ação policial e os aspectos da autonomia e subordinação da força policial.This study intends to present a discussion about police power based on the daily police work developed by the police officers of the Military Police of the state of Rio de Janeiro. In order to accomplish this proposal it was fundamental to focus in its constitutional elements, which are: police discretion, the terms of the mandate of the police, control of police work and aspects of both autonomy and subordination of the police force.
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Brown, Alexandra Kelly. ""On the vanguard of civilization" : slavery, the police, and conflicts between public and private power in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, 1835-1888 /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Kwan, Kim-fai Adrian, i 關劍輝. "Cop culture: police socialization in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978071.
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Murray, Katherine Helen. "Proactive turn : stop and search in Scotland (a study in elite power)". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15942.
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This study examines the development of police stop and search in Scotland from the post-war period onwards. The aim is to explain the remarkable scale of stop and search, the attendant lack of political or academic engagement prior to the formation of the single service in in April 2013, and to draw out the implications, both for policing and the public. The thesis takes a top-down perspective which seeks to explain the policing direction in terms of elite outlooks and decision-making over time. It is argued that search rates in contemporary Scotland can be explained in terms of an incremental shift in the way that the tactic has been conceptualized by political and policing elites. Specifically, it is argued that the post-war construct of stop and search as a reactive mechanism premised on investigation, detection and the disruption of crime, has been displaced by a proactive model, premised on intensive, risk-based stop and search activity. It is argued that this shift has partly attenuated the link between stop searches and suspicious behaviour by introducing non-detection as a measure of successful deterrence, alongside the traditional aim of detection. In short, it is argued that stop and search has been remodelled as a tactic that can be legitimated irrespective of the outcome. The thesis will show how this shift has progressively weighted the balance between crime control and individual freedom in favour of the state, and weakened the rights of the individual, with minimal regard for procedural protection and human rights. The thesis employs a wide range of data sources and methodologies to investigate the core argument, which is developed from three interrelated positions. First, taking a historical perspective, the thesis examines elite sensibilities and decision-making in relation to stop and search from the early 1950s, through to the early 2000s. Next, the thesis adopts an empirical position to investigate the use of stop and search between 2005 and 2010, and shows how search activity on the street reflected dominant outlooks higher up the ranks. Finally, the thesis adopts a normative perspective in order to assess the ethical implications of stop and search practice in Scotland, and to develop a series of informed recommendations for policy and practice.
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Teixeira, Márcio Aleandro Correia. "A Policia do Maranhão no começo no novo milênio: transitando entre poder, violência e luta por direitos". Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1542.
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The research The Maranhão Police in new millenium: transiting around power, violence and law aimed to evaluate the Brazilian state of policing system due to the process of institutional change brought about by the new constitutional guidelines 1988. The analysis is based on a conception of social conflict institutionalized in search of understanding an integrated policing system, able to keep up with new demands on the state in the face of conflicting dynamics of the society. The theoretical model used for the construction of research supports the significant nature of power struggles and ideological struggles for legitimacy of competitive groups of a certain institutional system.
A pesquisa A Polícia do Maranhão no começo do Novo Milênio: transitando entre poder, violência e luta por direitos buscou avaliar o sistema de policiamento do Estado brasileiro em decorrência do processo de mudança institucional ocasionados pelas novas orientações constitucionais de 1988. A análise parte de uma concepção de conflito social institucionalizado em busca da compreensão de um sistema integrado de policiamento, capaz de acompanhar as novas exigências ao Estado em face das dinâmicas conflituosas do corpo social. O modelo teórico utilizado para a construção da pesquisa admite o caráter significativo dos conflitos de poder e das lutas ideológicas pela legitimidade dos grupos competitivos de determinado sistema institucional.
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Jonsson, Daniela, i Josephine Larsson. "The management of governmental policies for a gender-equal society of power distribution. : The case of the Swedish Police Authority". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48699.
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The Swedish police authority is an extended arm of the Swedish government. The government implements governmental policies for its authorities, aiming at sustaining and improving the safety and wellbeing of society. In Sweden, one of the main policy safeguards is gender equality, which has been the focus of this study. It builds upon a well-established regulatory system for the representation of women in leading positions and argues for the benefits associated with tackling certain equality challenges. Up until now, most of the scholarly contributions on organization management, in relation to governmental policy, have dealt with leadership power and its efficiency, rather than equality. This study showed that the contemporary application of governmental policy has an impact on organizational culture. Through policy, gender equality could be increased as it encompasses potential benefits associated with leadership and power distribution. The study showed that this is also the case for the police authorities in Sweden in which applying gender policies has implications for managers' decisions when these are used to make the organizational leadership structures more equal. The application of policies to allow gender equality has also implications for employees regarding their work performances when advancing up in hierarchies.
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Lima, Yara Oyram Ramos. "Trabalho em saúde: o poder de policia na visão do profissional de vigilância sanitária". Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10893.
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A Constituição Federal proclama a saúde um direito de todos e dever do Estado. As ações e serviços de saúde são de relevância pública, cabendo ao poder estatal dispor, mediante lei, sobre a sua regulamentação, fiscalização e controle. A vigilância sanitária, componente do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), é responsável pelo controle de riscos e agravos relacionados a produtos e serviços de interesse da saúde. Para tanto, os profissionais da área, como agentes do Estado, são investidos do poder de autoridade para limitar a atuação privada e pública em função dos interesses da coletividade. Investigar a atuação do profissional de vigilância sanitária no exercício do poder de polícia é relevante no contexto atual de reformulação das práticas e reorganização do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Este estudo tem o propósito de contribuir com subsídios para formulação de políticas voltadas a esses profissionais e teve por objetivo analisar a visão do profissional de vigilância sanitária sobre o poder de polícia, assim como identificar sua instrumentalização, dificuldades e fatores facilitadores no exercício deste poder. Trata-se de um estudo de caso desenvolvido nas instituições de vigilância sanitária da esfera federal, estadual e municipal, circunscritas ao município de Salvador. Utilizou-se das estratégias metodológicas de observação direta e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Encontrou-se dificuldades do profissional de vigilância sanitária para definir e compreender a abrangência do poder de polícia para além do âmbito de suas práticas rotineiras. A instrumentalização para o exercício deste poder ainda não é priorizada nos processos de capacitação; e tampouco existe supervisão. Foram referidas dificuldades de distintas ordens e alguns fatores facilitadores do exercício do poder de polícia relacionados ao serviço, agente e meio-social. Este estudo identificou um profissional em transição de uma concepção restrita e autoritária de poder de polícia para um profissional de saúde que detém poder para proteger a saúde da população.
Salvador
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Alderson, Karl Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Powers and responsibilities: reforming NSW criminal investigation law". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19056.
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The thesis is a historical study from a socio-legal perspective of debates about, and developments in, criminal investigation law in NSW since 1945. In that period, the NSW parliament has enacted extensive criminal investigation powers and safeguards. This can be seen as the result of the increasing political sensitivity of 'law and order'. Politicians have sought to exercise (and demonstrate) greater control over the criminal justice system. Legislation has been employed to provide a framework for police actions, and to define a role for others, including judges, magistrates and the Ombudsman. Political focus on law and order has also reversed the incentive structure for the police hierarchy. In the 1950s, there were strong incentives not to push for extra powers, lest policing practices and effectiveness receive unwanted scrutiny. In the 1970s, police were dragged into debate about their powers, in the face of the 'authorise and regulated' model suggested by numerous inquiries. More recently, police organisations have often initiated calls for new powers, in part to explain past failings. Another important factor driving debate and reform in recent decades has been the proliferation of oversight agencies, and academic insights that have debunked the 'rotten apple' paradigm. The Federal Government and Parliament have also been increasingly active in what would once have been considered purely State/Territory realms of criminal justice law and politics. These major influences have been coupled with a host of others, including the impact of a series of Royal Commission and law reform reports, the ongoing war on drugs, and the campaign against police verbals in the 1970s and 1980s. The examination of the forces that have influenced debate and reform yields other insights. For example, the complexity of the phenomenon of 'non-reform' is apparent from an examination of debates about policing in the 1950s. Prevailing trends in law and order politics (eg, that populist politics supports additional powers) can be seen to be anchored in the contemporary political context rather than being timeless truths. The multiple roles of law, in governing relationships between state agencies and actors, not just between police and suspects, are also highlighted.
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Ljungkvist, Johan. "The myth of social media : A qualitative study of deliberation and power in Facebook-pages of the Swedish Police". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28881.
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The purpose of this study is to discuss the use of social media by the Swedish Police for democratic purposes. The idea of citizen empowerment is closely related to the development of new communication technologies such as social media. Yet many studies indicate that governmental institutions rarely make use of the assumed potentials of social media. In this study, the democratic potential of social media is derived from Habermas normative concept of deliberative participation. Operational definitions emphasize discursive equality, interactive reciprocity and external impact. The analytical framework is combined with qualitative text analysis to highlight the conditions of interaction between representatives of the Police and citizens. In conclusion: the democratic potential of social media, from a Habermasian point of view, is to a significant extent neglected at the expense of its strategic advantages. In fact, the promise of interactive reciprocity obscures the passivisation and disempowerment of citizens. However, the study is limited to a specific sphere of influence and does not account for other forms of citizen participation made possible with social media or modern ICT.
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França, Fábio Gomes de. "Disciplinamento e humanização: a formação policial militar e os novos paradigmas educacionais de controle e vigilância". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7285.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This work intends to analyze the contradiction between new educational paradigms and disciplining on the military police trainning in Paraiba. Its hypothesis is that the humanizing discourse used during the socialization of new policial officers actually hide a control and surveillance process as a new power strategy. The relation between discipline and power is analyzed through an historical analysis of the implementation of human Rights courses on the police training center. In this way, aiming to create a new image for itself, Military Police in Paraiba developed a citizenship based discourse about its practices through a new curriculum and courses, mosaics and panels displaing its ideals around the headquarter. This research shows empirically how supposedly humanists new knowledges and discourses employed by military police is actually pait of a new control mechanisms used to develop social order. The research tries to clarity why and how Human Rights teaching actually develop forms of resistance among new officers and the belief that it is only an instrument to protect criminals. Our hypothesis is that the very teaching process of Human Rights on the training center, due to its military and disciplining roots, avoids an understanding of the its necessity.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a contradição que existe entre a utilização de novos paradigmas educacionais com propósitos humanizadores na formação dos alunos policiais militares, na Paraíba, e o disciplinamento próprio a essa instituição. Partiu-se da hipótese de que a proliferação de discursos (saberes) humanizadores na formação policial militar oculta um processo de controle e vigilância sobre os alunos policias militares que faz parte de novas estratégias de poder que se disfarçam por meio desses discursos. Estudou-se a relação estabelecida entre disciplina e poder e como se deu a entrada dos Direitos Humanos nos modelos de formação da PM paraibana a partir de uma contextualização histórica. Assim, com a pretensão de melhorar a formação de seus profissionais, a PM paraibana passou a propagar novos discursos pelo Centro de Formação por meio de currículos, Normas Educacionais, mosaicos, painéis e frases dispostos pelos ambientes arquitetônicos do quartel. Com base no suporte teórico escolhido e com a análise dos dados coletados concluiu-se que a utilização atual de novos saberes e discursos reconhecidos como humanizadores no ambiente disciplinador policial militar esconde relações de poder em que esses novos paradigmas educacionais servem de mecanismos mais sofisticados para legitimar práticas de controle e vigilância social. Decorre de tal fato que o conhecimento humanizador que não desperte de forma crítica os alunos policiais militares para a real importância do que sejam os Direitos Humanos na atividade policial militar enseje a prática de resistências por parte desses sujeitos através da crença de que os Direitos Humanos servem apenas para a proteção dos delinquentes e bandidos , por não existir tais direitos para os alunos no processo de formação policial militar.
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Axtmann, Roland. "Geopolitics and internal power structures : the state, police and public order in Austria and Ireland in the late 18th century". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1270/.
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In this thesis I contribute to the sociological discussion on the impact of geopolitical constellations on the class and cleavage structure of societies. The main concern is to analyse how the capacity of collective social actors to pursue their interests against other antagonistic collective actors can be impeded, or increased, by relations of violence between the state in which they operate and foreign states. This problem is developed in a first step by a review of the sociological literature on the formation of the modern state in Western Europe. A close scrutiny of the explanatory strengths and weaknesses of both the 'society-centred' and the 'state-centred' approaches leads to the conclusion that an adequate analysis of political structural change in Western Europe has to emphasize the dynamic interplay of political, cultural, economic and geopolitical structures of social action. In the two case studies on Austria and Ireland in the 18th century, I discuss the interaction between class, political, regional/colonial, and ideological power groupings and economic, ideological, political and geopolitical interests. I show how the conflict structures of both Austria and Ireland gained momentum due to geopolitical constellations. I analyse how the attempts of the Austrian and the Irish state to establish police forces under their own exclusive control and to maintain public order were related to geopolitics. In order to explain the power capacity of these two states I analyse the effect of geopolitics on the distribution of power within the respective society.
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Souza, Aulus Eduardo Teixeira de. "Políticas públicas e guardas municipais como instrumentos de proteção preventiva do ambiente urbano". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/4167.
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A pesquisa em apreço tem por finalidade verificar os aspectos jurídicos e sociais que desvelam o direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado no âmbito das cidades. Sua relevância e pertinência temática se desnuda a partir da explosão demográfica no meio urbano promovendo a ocupação territorial desordenada à revelia do ordenamento jurídico que ampara a questão. Nesse sentido, formula-se hipoteticamente a indagação acerca da possibilidade de utilização das guardas municipais para fiscalizar e proteger o ambiente urbano, bem como, prevenir a degradação ambiental ampla a partir do regular poder de polícia dos entes municipais, fiscalizando a implementação e o regular cumprimento das políticas setoriais urbanas conforme as diretrizes do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, procura-se responder à questão nuclear por meio do método analítico-dedutivo enfrentando os argumentos a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
Ante o exposto, apresenta-se no desenvolvimento dos blocos da estrutura capitular, informações relevantes para compreensão acerca da constituição e surgimento das cidades a partir das afirmações de Fustel de Coulanges, Lewis Munford e Henri Lefebvre, apreciando os conceitos, princípios e diretrizes da política nacional do meio ambiente com lastro na Constituição Federal de 1988 e analisando com relevância o Estatuto das Cidades e as dimensões da sustentabilidade a partir do pensamento de Ignacy Sachs. Ao fim e ao cabo a pesquisa se debruça sobre as principais políticas setoriais no âmbito das cidades, especialmente, as ligadas a mobilidade urbana, a função socioambiental da propriedade, saúde e saneamento básico e zoneamento ambiental, verificando as ações estatais de implementação e fiscalização da executoriedade dessas políticas por parte dos municípios e o manejo das guardas municipais como instrumento de fiscalização do cumprimento das regras estabelecidas nessas políticas setoriais, justificando assim, a preservação do meio ambiente urbano por meio das guardas municipais a partir das disposições da Lei n. 13.022/2014 (Estatuto Geral das Guardas Municipais).The purpose of this research is to verify the legal and social aspects that reveal the right to the environment balanced in the cities. Its relevance and thematic relevance is stripped of the demographic explosion in the urban environment promoting the disordered territorial occupation in the absence of the legal system that supports the issue. In this sense, the hypothesis is made about the possibility of using municipal guards to monitor and protect the urban environment, as well as prevent widespread environmental degradation from the regular police power of municipal entities, supervising the implementation and the regular compliance with urban sectorial policies in accordance with the guidelines of the Brazilian legal system. In order to do so, we try to answer the nuclear question by means of the analytic-deductive method facing the arguments from the bibliographical and documentary research. In the development of the blocks of the structure of the Chapter, information relevant to understanding the constitution and emergence of cities is presented, based on the statements of Fustel de Coulanges and Lewis Munford, appreciating the concepts, principles and guidelines of the national environment policy environment with ballast in the Federal Constitution of 1988 and analyzing with relevance the Statute of the Cities and the dimensions of the sustainability from the thought of Ignacy Sachs. After all, the research focuses on the main sectorial policies in the cities, especially those related to urban mobility, the socio-environmental function of property, health and basic sanitation and environmental zoning, verifying the state actions of implementation and inspection of the city. the enforcement of these policies by the municipalities and the management of municipal guards as an instrument for monitoring compliance with the rules established in these sectoral policies, thus justifying the preservation of the urban environment through municipal guards, based on the provisions of Law no. 13.022 / 2014 (General Statute of Municipal Guards).
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Pier, Angelli De Luca Maciel. "The Pacification of Favelas of Rio de Janeiro: A Neoliberal Twist to an Old-Fashioned Intervention". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32390.
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In 2008, a policy to address the territorialisation of the drug trade in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas was developed: the pacification of favelas. It involves two key elements, policing and local development, which are said to work in tandem to conquer the territory from drug dealers and integrate these areas to the city. Drawing from the literature on the governance of marginalized areas and neoliberal practices of security, this study explores how the pacification of favelas unfolds within a neoliberal context. The findings of this study are based on a thematic analysis of twenty-five in-depth interviews with key actors involved in the development and implementation of three core projects of the policy (the Pacifying Police Unit and two projects that coordinates social efforts, UPP Social and Peace Territories). Using the theoretical lenses of pacification proposed by Neocleous (2011) and Rigakos (2011), this research argues that the pacification of favelas can be considered a "project of pacification" (Rigakos, 2011). The analysis demonstrates that the dual strategy of the policy reinforces neoliberal practices to govern through fear, resulting in the militarization of favelas. Moreover, this study also finds that this policy serves capitalist interests when implemented within a neoliberal framework, even though its core elements resemble interventionist initiatives of colonial enterprises. My findings also reveal that some participants resist the implementation of initiatives based on a neoliberal framework. However, although their actions seek to emancipate and build an ethical community in favelas, based on long-term and fraternal bonds, the mainstream approach is still prevalent. As a result, favelas are progressively turned into aesthetic communities in which the interests of the market are the driving force.
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Bruyn, Júnior Herbert Cornelio Pieter de. "A pena de perdimento no Direito Aduaneiro brasileiro". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19641.
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This thesis intends to demonstrate the constitutionality of the forfeiture penalty in the Brazilian Customs Law through a syntactic, semantic and pragmatic analysis of the rule. It examines, therefore, the concept of sanctions, the foreign trade context, the meaning of this penalty in the current legislation and the way the administrative bodies and case law have applied these rules
Com o escopo de demonstrar a constitucionalidade da pena de perdimento no Direito Aduaneiro brasileiro, esta tese analisa a questão sobre os prismas sintático, semântico e pragmático da norma. Analisa-se, portanto, o conceito de sanção, o contexto do comércio exterior, o significado dessa pena na legislação vigente, bem como a maneira pela qual, tem-se dado, pela administração e jurisprudência, a aplicação dessas normas
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Alves, Canteiro Julie. ""No Justice, No Peace, No Racist Police" : A diachronic comparative study and analysis of the power relations revealed in French media discourses". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44302.
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On May 26th, 2020, the world was shocked after learning that George Floyd had died at the hands of the police while being wrongfully arrested. Protests took place worldwide, demanding justice for Floyd as well as the end of the systematic racism present institutionally in police forces. In Europe, people started raising their voices, denouncing that this phenomenon was no stranger to the Old Continent. Indeed, the last few years have witnessed the media coverage of multiple cases of police violence based on ethnic grounds. The media play a key role as the source of information for the population, they decide what is going to be on the headline, catching people’s eye. France has especially attracted attention with its racial profiling practices that go against the 2001 European Code of Police Ethics acting as recommended guidelines for the Member States. Therefore, this study aims to analyse media discourses depicting three specific cases of police violence: the Adama Traoré Case, the Theo Luhaka Case, and the Michel Zecler Case. Following the model of Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, the point of this thesis is to find whether the power relations regulating the world can be identified within these discourses. By analysing the articles and finding similarities in how they portray the events then an idea of the institutional and societal power relations in France.
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Castro, Oliva Jesus Francisco. "La sécurité au Mexique : échec d'une fonction régalienne de l'Etat". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD005/document.
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Après la déclaration de guerre du président mexicain de la période 2006-2012 contre le narcotrafic, l’Etat s’est vu confronté à une véritable crise de sécurité. L’Etat ne disposait pas des moyens techniques personnels et législatifs pour faire face au crime organisé, ce qui provoqua des affrontements violents sur tout le territoire national, affectant la population. Suite à l’échec des structures chargées de garantir la sécurité, le Mexique cherche à redéfinir sa politique en matière de sécurité intérieure. Le cadre des compétences des autorités des trois niveaux de la structure mexicaine et les lois actuelles en matière de sécurité complexifient la problématique. Pourquoi l’Etat mexicain a t’il été incapable de garantir la sécurité de sa population et de maîtriser son territoire dans certaines régions ? L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’analyser le cadre juridique opérationnel et institutionnel du Mexique et contribuer ainsi à la création d’un système de sécurité innovant, efficace et permanent ; en d’autres termes, un système de sécurité qui articule au mieux les différents niveaux de la structure législative et institutionnelle mexicaineAfter the Mexican President for the period 2006-2012 declared war against drug trafficking, the State faced a severe security crisis
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Barbosa, Alisson Gonçalves. "O povo, os juízes e a polícia : histórias de abuso de poder policial na Bahia 1900-1920". Pós-Graduação em História, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5644.
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This study aims to analyze actions of conduct by law enforcement authorities against segments of the Bahian population between the years 1900 and 1920, besides highlighting the different forms of reaction against these same practices that society considered abusive. For this it was necessary to understand the universe of police activity, observing their daily actions to combat crime, and show under what conditions was done police work and what it meant to be a cop, both economically, and socially in the period investigated. The soldiers crowded the ranks of the corporation had a popular origin, which meant that the agents can order carregassem habits and customs that often clashed with the ideals of modernity and civility rendered by the ruling classes of the time.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar ações de conduta por parte das autoridades policiais contra seguimentos da população baiana, entre os anos de 1900 e 1920, além de evidenciar as diferentes formas de reação contra essas mesmas práticas que a sociedade considerava abusivas. Para isso, foi necessário compreender o universo da atividade policial, observando suas ações cotidianas de combate à criminalidade, bem como mostrar sobre quais condições era feito o trabalho policial e o que significava ser policial, tanto do ponto de vista econômico, quanto social no período investigado. Os soldados lotados nas fileiras da corporação possuíam uma origem popular, a qual fazia com que os agentes da ordem carregassem consigo hábitos e costumes que, muitas vezes, se chocavam com os ideais de modernidade e civilidade proferidos pelas classes dominantes da época.
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Ondoro, Nicholas Otieno. "The Police Reform Process in Kenya, 2008-2014: A Case Study of Security Sector Reform in Societies Emerging From Crisis". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/12762.
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Security sector reform has in the recent past been a critical component of peace agreements in countries emerging from armed conflicts or political crisis. In Kenya, the Commission of Inquiry into the 2007/08 Post-Election Violence (CIPEV) established that Kenya’s security sector, particularly the police, bore the greatest responsibility for the violence. Subsequently, the police emerged as one of the major institutions for reforms. ‘How have security sector reforms, particularly police reforms, in Kenya developed since 2007 and how, and to what extent, have they been shaped by Kenya’s wider political transitions and SSR process during this period?’ The research aimed at investigating how the police reform process in Kenya has developed since 2007, and how the process has been shaped by Kenya’s wider political transitions and security sector reform processes in general. Using mixed methods research, we found that despite some progress, there is wider public perception that the reforms are yet to address reform priorities at the national level and still fall short of expectations of ordinary Kenyans. We argue that political power-sharing after the 2007 post-election violence facilitated police reform, while at the same time frustrated its implementation especially in instances where reform seemed to dis-empower political elites.
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Garratt, Lindsay B. "Power relationships and authentic organisational learning : daring to break the silence on meaningful dialogue in policing organisations". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/704.
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The 21st century presents great opportunities and threats for business: national and global markets are demanding high performance, innovation, creativity, and flexibility. Public sector organisations are continually asked to do more with less, with equal if not greater efficiency and creativity demands as the private sector. Organisational learning is a concept touted as an important and necessary strategy for organisations to keep pace with the rapid changing global environment that now plays host to opportunities as well as great economic and social volatility. However the reality for many is that they become proficient at the kind of organisational learning that reinforces the status quo (Morgan, 2006).
This thesis aims to make an original contribution to the organisational learning literature by exploring power relationships and the degree to which individual and/or groups have the capacity or power to question the existing order of things. More particularly, it examines how and why power relationships may facilitate or inhibit ‘authentic organisational learning’. In doing so, this research explores a conceptual model of power relationships drawing on a traditional organisational leadership framework originating with Burns (1978) – ‘transactional’ and ‘transformational’ – as well as incorporating a critical perspective, drawing on the work of Freire (1970) with the notion of a ‘revolutionary’ power relationship. These three power relationships are explored as they operate to varying degrees across the four dimensions of power drawn individually from Dahl through to Lukes and Foucault. Notions such as ‘meaningful dialogue’ and ‘liberated learning space’ are introduced as a means to explain the capacity or ‘power to’ question the existing order of things: including the traditional dominant attitudes, beliefs, values and norms in organisations.
Despite the perceived importance of organisational learning as a strategy for organisations in the 21st century, and the significant growth in the literature since the early 1990s, the notion of power continues to be all but silent in the organisational learning literature. Positioned in the recent emancipatory perspective of organisational learning, underpinned by Critical Theory, this thesis contributes to breaking this silence by exploring beyond the possible vested interests that we, as managers, may have to maintain the existing order of things in organisations. The emancipatory perspective encourages me to distinguish between organisational learning that is more ‘compliant’ to the learning agenda of managers – whether exploiting existing learning or exploring new learning both for corporate benefit – and more ‘authentic organisational learning’ driven by employees.
This original contribution has particular significance for policing organisations. The ability of individuals to question the existing order of things in such organisations is of interest due to a perceived inability to bring about meaningful cultural reform. This research argues that reform failures may be due to a managerial learning agenda being deployed, which may result in compliance rather than more ‘authentic’ learning. Hence, this thesis examines the conceptual model primarily in respect to two case studies of policing organisations: one Australian and the other in another part of the Oceania region.
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Gonçalves, Leonardo de Mello. "Limites da autoexecutoriedade do poder de polícia". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8980.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-13The goal of this work is to do an analysis of the administrative act self execution, verifying the hypothesis and the limits for its usage, in the context of redefining Administrative Law according to Democratic State of Law and fundamental rights. It is easy to notice that a referring point appears more intensively in police power actions which are the disciplinary administrative functions of citizens liberty and properties. Those functions rule their lives in their communities by imposing limits (what not to do) and enforcing duties (what to do) in a preventing or repressive way. It means that Administration itself can, on its own, execute police actions, without having to recur to juridical procedures. The application of self execution by Administration does not mean a violation of Judiciary inseparability principle that is showed in the 5th article 35th item of the 1988 Federal Constitution because the subject can appeal to impede it or even cancel the action. Moreover in case of overpowering or non accordance with the conditions to perform such action it can be suspended or canceled. The fact is that Administration executes administrative function and so it must satisfy public interests (of the community) and not interests or preferences of its own organization or state agents. Therefore self execution or any other related items are only instruments to be used to achieve public interests by observing the right opportunity and the right measure to do it. Concluding, in a Democratic State of Law, similar to that followed in Brazil, the Federal Constitution presents a normative system of duties attribution which leads the state work. And there are also limits for that work based on the list of rights and fundamental guarantees that represents citizens protection. Finding limits to state work and not allow that it can affect citizens rights and guarantees is a necessary action to show the state fair actuation and to impede the violation of fundamental rights that were hardly achieved
O objetivo do presente trabalho é a análise da autoexecutoriedade do ato administrativo, investigando as hipóteses e os limites para sua utilização, dentro de um contexto de redefinição do Direito Administrativo, à luz do Estado Democrático de Direito e dos direitos fundamentais. Fácil é perceber que referido atributo se apresenta com maior intensidade no exercício do poder de polícia, que é a parcela da função administrativa disciplinadora da liberdade e da propriedade dos indivíduos, adequando-as à vida em sociedade, mediante a imposição de limites (deveres de não fazer) e encargos (deveres de fazer), de modo preventivo ou repressivo. Isso significa que a própria Administração pode, por si mesma, executar a pretensão traduzida no ato de polícia, sem necessidade de buscar as vias judiciais para obtê-la. A utilização da autoexecutoriedade pela Administração não implica, de forma alguma, em violação ao princípio da inafastabilidade do Judiciário, fixado no art.5°, inciso XXXV, da Constituição Federal de 1988, pois o administrado pode a ele recorrer para, conforme o caso, impedi-la ou sustá-la, diante do abuso ou da inobservância das condições para a presença desse atributo. É que a Administração exerce função administrativa e, em consequência, está adstrita a satisfazer interesses públicos, ou seja, interesses de outrem (a coletividade) e não interesses ou conveniências de seu próprio organismo e, muito menos, o dos agentes estatais. Assim, a autoexecutoriedade ou quaisquer outras prerrogativas são apenas instrumentais utilizados se, quando e na medida indispensável para atingir os interesses públicos. Enfim, num Estado Democrático de Direito, como o brasileiro, a Constituição Federal apresenta um sistema normativo de atribuição de competências para a atuação estatal, existindo, também, limitações a essa atuação, justamente com o rol (não-exaustivo) dos direitos e garantias fundamentais que servem de proteção aos cidadãos. Encontrar os limites da atuação do Estado que esbarram naqueles direitos e garantias é tarefa necessária para encontrar a justa medida da atuação do Estado e afastar a violação de direitos fundamentais arduamente conquistados