Rozprawy doktorskie: „Police misconduct”

1

Ho, Sai-him Benny. "An analysis of the policy on investigating complaints against the Hong Kong police". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20075480.

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2

Piraino, Peter Thomas. "Pre-employment Polygraphs and Ohio Law Enforcement Officers' Perceptions of Police Misconduct". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4246.

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Despite convincing evidence of the polygraph instrument's lack of scientific validity and reliability in assessing deceptiveness in individuals, public-sector organizations in the United States continue to use the polygraph examination as a pre-employment screening tool. In addition to its lack of acceptance in the scientific community, little is known about the effectiveness of polygraph examinations, given as part of pre-employment screening, in predicting future misconduct in law enforcement officers. Two theoretical frameworks, Baumgartner and Jones' punctuated equilibrium model of policy change and Alvesson and Spicer's theory of functional stupidity, provided the theoretical foundation for this study. The purpose of this correlational study was to investigate the relationship between use of the pre-employment polygraph and officers' perceptions of police misconduct, which is a suspected precursor to actual future misconduct. Survey data were acquired through a convenience sample of 190 Ohio police officers. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Findings revealed no statistically significant relationship between the pre-employment polygraph examination and officers' perceptions of police misconduct. The findings of this study begin to erode conventional thought that there are only positive aspects of the pre-employment polygraph. Law enforcement leaders and public policy makers such as police chiefs, county sheriffs, and local government administrators may benefit from this study. As a potential for positive social change, this study provides public policy makers with empirical data, as opposed to reliance on conventional wisdom and anecdotal evidence, for informed decision making about use of the pre-employment polygraph in public-sector hiring.

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3

Wintruba, Shannon V. "Community Policing and the Public's Perception of Police Misconduct". Thesis, Capella University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10978963.

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The influence of sociodemographic characteristics, level of contact with the police, perceptions of police effectiveness, willingness to partner with police and community engagement on a citizen's perceptions of police fairness, police professionalism, police legitimacy, and police satisfaction were investigated in this study. A quantitative, nonexperimental, correlational design was used for this research study. The sample (n = 152) consisted of adults within a large metropolitan city located in the Northeast section of the United States and was determined by using a multistage cluster sample. Data was collected over a three-month period using a 42-question Likert-type survey that was distributed via door-to-door canvassing. This took place across two police zones, each encompassing 13-15 socially-diverse neighborhoods of the Northeastern city. The data was analyzed using a multiple linear regression, which indicated a significant positive relationship between the public’s perception of police effectiveness and their perception of fairness, professionalism, legitimacy, and satisfaction. However, for police contact, there was a significant negative relationship between when an individual’s immediate family member had indirect police contact and an individual’s perception of professionalism and satisfaction.

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4

Robinson, Chloe Nichele. "Unsettling Settlements: Examining Police Misconduct Lawsuits in the City of Chicago". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31938.

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There is limited empirical research related to lawsuits involving the police due in part to limited accessibility to relevant data sources. This study aims to examine the relationship between citizen, situational, and lawsuit factors and police misconduct litigation in the city of Chicago. Data were collected from two separate databases: The Chicago Reporter and The Invisible Institute. The analyses in this study demonstrate that there is a relationship between lawsuit payout amounts, lawsuit misconduct type and various situational factors. Policy implications are discussed.

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5

Ede, Andrew, i andrew ede@premiers qld gov au. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police". Griffith University. School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2000. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030102.114721.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.

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6

Uber, Stephanie M. "Police Corruption and Misconduct from a Police Officer Perspective:from Identification to Discipline and Prevention". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1364823916.

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7

Ede, Andrew. "The Prevention of Police Corruption and Misconduct: A Criminological Analysis of Complaints Against Police". Thesis, Griffith University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365215.

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The reform measures recommended by the Commission of Inquiry into Possible Illegal Activities and Associated Police Misconduct (referred to as the "Fitzgerald Inquiry") radically transformed the face of policing in Queensland. The most significant of these recommendations was the establishment of an external oversight body, the Criminal Justice Commission (CJC), which has independence from executive government and holds the power to investigate not only police but any public servant or politician. Other recommendations included "Whistleblower" legislation, increasing sanctions for serious misconduct, lateral recruitment and promotion by merit rather than seniority. The first main research question tested in this thesis is whether these reform measures have produced improvements in the following areas: the efficiency and effectiveness of the processes for dealing with complaints against police; public confidence in those processes and the public standing of the Queensland Police Service (QPS) generally; standards of police behaviour; the incidence of corrupt conduct; and police attitudes towards reporting misconduct by their fellow officers. These Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms were strategies primarily derived from two schools of thought describing the nature and cause of police corruption: deterrence based theory (including "individual" or "rotten apple" theory) and cultural (also labeled "cultural" or "socialisation") based theory. To date most strategies used to combat police corruption have been underpinned by these theories. A third theory - situational based theory (sometimes titled "environmental" or "opportunity" theory) - which has had success in crime prevention, has been scarcely used in the area of police corruption. However, an extensive body of research has affirmed the effects of situational factors on police behaviour, suggesting the potential for the application of situational crime prevention initiatives in combatting police corruption. The second research question proposed in this thesis is whether situational based theory could also be beneficial in the prevention of police corruption. Data drawn upon to test the first research question were interviews and surveys with police officers, public attitude surveys and statistics from the processing of complaints against police. Although each source has limitations, collectively the data are sufficiently comprehensive - and robust - to defend conclusions about the general direction of the changes which have occurred. These data indicate that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have, at least to some degree, had their intended impact on the QPS. These reforms have contributed to an apparent improvement in public confidence in the complaints system and the QPS generally. Moreover, the available evidence suggests that the Fitzgerald Inquiry reforms have resulted in a weakening of the police code of silence. As far as the specific issue of corruption in the QPS is concerned, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from existing data sources. However, the weight of the available evidence is that such conduct is less pervasive and occurs at lower levels than was the case in the pre-Fitzgerald Inquiry QPS. It is very difficult to ascertain which reform components were the most effective and which were not helpful at all, as these reform measures were initiated simultaneously. For example, the negative elements of the police culture may have been eliminated or reduced but whether it was the cultural strategies or one of the deterrence based strategies influencing officer behaviour remains unknown. The second main research question the thesis poses is that the use of situational crime prevention techniques has potential for contributing to the prevention of police corruption. A situational analysis of complaints against police data, including the development of a typology for classifying types of police corruption and misconduct, was used as an example of how this may be accomplished in Queensland. The study provides some, albeit limited, support for the hypothesis that situational crime prevention methods are applicable to police corruption. Based upon three years of complaints data, enough homogenous cases were gathered to enable the analysis of four categories of police corruption - Opportunistic Thefts, Driving under the Influence, Assault (while off-duty), and Theft from Employer. Given that this study only used three years of complaints data held by the CJC and more than nine years of data exist, productive situational analyses of many other categories of corruption is probable. This study also illustrated that complaints against police data are being under utilised by the QPS and the CJC. For future research in the situational analysis of complaints data, I recommend improving the gathering of data from complaints files for storage in electronic form to enable situational prevention analysis to be conducted more readily. A geographical example was used to illustrate further how complaints against police data could be more extensively utilised as a prevention tool. This analysis was conducted at an organisation unit level determined primarily by geographical factors. The complaint patterns of units of similar "task environments", as measured by unit size and type of duties performed, were compared in an attempt to identify those units experiencing the presence or absence of "bad apples" or a "negative culture". This study led to the conclusion that a divisional analysis of complaints data can provide information valuable in combatting police corruption. When task environment was held constant, it was possible to identify units experiencing the effects of possible "bad apples" and/or "negative cultures". Once these particular units were identified, intervention strategies to address the units' particular problem could be constructed. Future research in this area would involve ongoing divisional data analysis followed-up by individual assessment of officers identified as "bad apples", or a "compare-and-contrast" procedure to distinguish features requiring correction in units identified as having a "negative culture". The research findings presented in this thesis are that progress has occurred in a number of areas in addressing the problems identified by the Fitzgerald Inquiry, but that there is undoubtedly scope for more to be achieved. Despite the very significant increase in the resources and powers available to investigators post-Fitzgerald, it is still difficult to prove that a police officer engaged in misconduct, or that other officers were aware of this fact and had failed to take action, because of the constraints imposed by evidentiary and legal requirements. Thus, while it is vital to maintain an effective and credible independent complaints investigation system and ensure that there is a proper internal discipline process in place, the scope for increasing the "deterrent power" of the present system is limited. Putting more resources into complaints investigations might make a difference at the margins, but is unlikely to lead to a significant increase in the probability of a complaint being substantiated and a sanction imposed. Investing more resources in investigations has an additional cost in that such resources are then lost to other efforts to combat corruption that may provide more fruitful results in the long term. The value of an occasional substantiation is placed above the ability to engage in a large amount of prevention work. Inevitably then, three clear messages are apparent. First, continued effort must be made to modify the organisational climate of the QPS in terms of commitment to integrity. Recommended strategies to accomplish this end are to continue the recruitment of more educated, female and older officers to reduce police-citizen conflict and the negative elements of the police culture, and also to develop a comprehensive, integrated approach to ethics education for QPS officers at all ranks and positions. Second, other forms of deterrence against misconduct are needed such as the use of covert strategies like integrity testing which could be conducted in conjunction with the CJC. Third, a greater emphasis needs to be placed on developing and implementing preventive strategies. This thesis has shown that valuable prevention strategies can be gained from situational and divisional analysis of complaints data, and a range of proactive management options based upon situational crime prevention theory are recommended. These strategies have application in any police service.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
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8

Lofca, Izzet. "A Case Study on Police Misconduct in the United States of America and an Applicable Model for the Turkish National Police". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3234/.

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This study explores the underlying causes and deterrent control mechanisms of police misconduct in the United States. Outcomes of causes and control mechanisms constitute the basis for an applicable model for the Turkish National Police (TNP). Why is some police behavior deviate? What are the main determinants of police misconduct? Is police misconduct a result of sociological behavior and subcultural development within police organizations or a psychological behavior as an outcome of officers' personal traits? What are the control mechanisms for police misconduct? What are their strengths and weaknesses? Do they deter or not? Is there a control mechanism that deters better than others? What is the best deterrence model for the TNP?

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9

Davids, Cindy Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Police misconduct, regulation, and accountability : conflict of interest complaints against Victoria Police officers 1988???1998". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20515.

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Conflict of interest allegations became a prominent part of the political and public sector in the 1980s and 1990s in Australia and elsewhere. The arena of policing was not immune, and in Victoria, the Ombudsman drew particular attention to the problem and expressed concern about the rise in public complaints relating to alleged conflicts of interest on the part of police officers. Against this background, permission was granted by Victoria Police for a major study of conflict of interest complaints against police officers within their jurisdiction. Access was granted to all public complaint case files where conflict of interest was the focus of the allegations, from the period 1988???1998. A total of 377 usable complaints files were examined, involving 539 police officers. Through extensive examination and analysis of these complaint case files, a comprehensive map of the particular kinds of interest involved, the nature of the conflicts with official police duties, and the particular contexts within which conflicts of interest emerged, was developed. Analysis of the case files identified 25 different types of problems related to conflict of interest. These were spread across the private and public realms of police officers??? involvements. Previous studies of conflict of interest have focused largely on the opportunities for misconduct arising in the public realm of police work and police duty, largely neglecting attention to the private realm of the relationships and involvements of a police officer that give rise to conflicts of interest. In this study, the specific private interests that gave rise to problems were able to be identified in 35 percent of all cases. Three broad problem areas were identified: (i) outside employment, private business interests, political, social, and sporting interests and involvements; (ii) family-based involvements, especially those involving family law problems; and (iii) problematic personal relationships, including relationships with criminals, informers, and persons of ill repute. These conflicts of interest were related to a range of breaches of official police duty, including the misuse of police authority for personal or family benefit, the use of police position to facilitate personal relationships, and inappropriate disclosure of confidential police information. When the conflict of interest identified related specifically to a police officer???s official or public role as a member of the police force, the main types of misconduct identified included three broad areas: (i) the use and abuse of police powers and authority; (ii) the use and abuse of police resources, including information; and (iii) the receipt of gratuities and breaches of the law. These problems were shown to play out in a range of ways, encompassing such behaviours as misuse of the police identity, inappropriate accessing of police information, involvement in investigations where the police officer concerned has a personal interest in the matter, failing to take appropriate police action against friends, family, or associates, the exercise of improper influence in civil matters, and engagement in harassment and discrimination. This study offers some important conceptual developments in relation to the notion of conflict of interest, focusing on the importance of the distinction between a conflict of interest and an associated breach of duty. The study noted that it is often erroneously assumed by police that if there is no breach of duty evidenced, then there is no problem of conflict of interest. The study also offers an important insight into the oversight and accountability processes involved in Victoria Police, emphasising the importance and effectiveness of the oversight role of the office of the Victorian Ombudsman. Evidence also suggests that the internal review processes within Victoria Police are by-and-large stringent, and that senior police management are genuinely interested in making police officers more accountable for their actions. However, it is concluded that both front-line operational police officer and police management often have a limited understanding of conflict of interest, and problems attendant to conflicts of interest. The study???s insights into the problem of conflict of interest are significant insofar as this problem is related to police misconduct???ranging from minor to serious???of various kinds. Attention to the problem of conflict of interest may be an important element in preventing ???upstream??? police misconduct and corruption.

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10

Armstead, Demetric Rayshawn. "Attitudes of Black Americans, Towards Police Misconduct in an Urban Area". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6511.

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Little is known about Black Americans' experience with and attitudes toward the police. For Black Americans and the police to improve their relationship, police need to understand the factors that influence Black Americans' perceptions. Asante's concept of Afrocentric theory assisted with exploring the attitudes of Black Americans about police misconduct in a Southeastern United States urban area. The purpose of the qualitative ethnographic study was to understand the attitudes of Black Americans towards the police and the factors that influence those perceptions. This study precisely addresses three main questions: (1) how has media coverage impacted Black Americans' perceptions of officer behavior in the urban area; (2) how has the community environment impacted Black American perceptions of officer behavior in the urban area; and (3) how have officers' informal and formal behaviors impacted Black Americans' perception of police conduct in the urban area. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit 30 Black Americans for the semi-structured interviews who discussed their thoughts and opinions about factors that are associated with the Black American community. The data were coded resulting in 12 themes. Results from this study indicated that the majority of Black Americans had overall negative views about the police. The findings suggest that social change can only happen when the police and Black Americans work together to understand each other and address issues that come with a lack of understanding. Promoting good relationships through media, the community environment, and improving police encounters with the Black American community is critical to enhancing community relations.

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11

Bledsoe, Dennis D. "The role of culture in police behavior literature, 1953-2006". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6039.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 15, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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12

Kucukuysal, Bahadir. "Determinants of Turkish Police Officers' Perception of Integrity: Impact of Organizational Culture". Doctoral diss., Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002242.

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13

Mrozla, Thomas John. "Is Justice Delayed Justice Denied? : Examining the Timeliness of Completing Police Misconduct Investigations". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27930.

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This study aims to examine how patrol officer and complaint characteristics influence the timeliness of completing police misconduct investigations. Further, it analyzes how the timeliness of the investigation influences the disposition and discipline of complaint investigations while controlling for relevant police officer and complaint characteristics. Data were collected from a Midwestern municipal police agency for all complaints filed against patrol officers from 2006-2015. The analyses in this study demonstrate that the nature of the complaint and number of police officers present influences the length of the investigation. This study also finds that police officer and complaint characteristics are relevant predictors of the disposition and discipline outcomes of complaint investigations. Policy implications are discussed.

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14

Wentzlof, Chloe Ann. "A Comparision of Classification Models for Predicting Criminal Case Disposition of Police Crime in the United States". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1554993250668438.

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15

McCommon, April James. "Law Enforcement Officer Performance, Education, and Risk for Suicide". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/521.

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Police suicide has been a largely under-researched topic with a small number of quantitative studies- that limit the exploration of potential causals models in the literature. This restricts current scholarly explanations behind officer suicide, furtheradding barriers to adequate prevention and detection. This study was focused on possible explanations behind police suicide, using Zhang's strain theory of suicide and Joiner's interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide to explain the variables used in the model. Using a moderation model, the research question asked to what extent an officer's education level affects the relationship between levels of police officer misconduct and risk for suicide. This study used archival data collected in a national study on law enforcement officers, partially funded by the National Institute of Justice and published in 1997(N=412). Logistic regression was used to analyze significance of the model, ultimately being unable to detect significance between the variables, neither individually on an officer's risk for suicide (officer misconduct= p>.05; officer education= p>.05) nor combined as an interaction to an officer's risk for suicide (p>.05). Recommendations for future research include utilizing a research design that better controls officer risk for suicide by equally weighing suicidal and nonsuicidal groups of officers. This will allow for a researcher to more validly compare the influence of the variables by viewing the effect on both groups (suicidal vs. non-suicidal). Implications for social change include contributing to the under-researched literature base of police suicide, increasing awareness of police suicide through scholarly publication and presentations, and advocating for better educated officers.

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16

Ho, Sai-him Benny, i 何世謙. "An analysis of the policy on investigating complaints against the HongKong police". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965532.

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17

Dang, Nhi T. "Know your rights and police misconduct| A case study of organizers' perceptions of community-based work". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586500.

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The research was an exploratory qualitative study of community organizing around the issue of police misconduct with an emphasis on Know Your Rights workshops. The study focused on community organizers' perceptions of: 1) organizing goals; 2) program effectiveness; and 3) identification of successes and challenges. This study was based upon open-ended interviews with six key informants who were organizers of "Know Your Rights" or related community-based strategies addressing police misconduct.

Because police brutality affected populations from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and marginalized racial and ethnic communities, research into community response to police brutality was relevant to social work practice. Insight from this study may help social workers understand macro practice in the area of community education and organizing around issues of police misconduct. Goals ranged from the more immediate benefits of education about rights to the broader goal of building empowered, organized communities against police and state violence.

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18

Onder, Seref G. "A distinctive organizational control practice: Geographic personnel rotation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54547.

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Organizational control is a fundamental process which ensures organizations achieve their goals. The importance and difficulty increase when the organization is a law enforcement agency. Control within an organization can be implemented in several different ways. Regular rotations and transfers of personnel is one of the control mechanisms employed by organizations to direct, motivate and encourage employees to adhere to organizational standards and objectives. The Turkish National Police (TNP) rotates and transfers police officers geographically while providing security services throughout the country. Geographic personnel rotation (GPR) is a human resource management policy of the TNP which bans home city deployment and obligates officers to transfer regularly for various deployment periods and in differing regions. The research examines geographic personnel rotation policy as an organizational control mechanism. To help better understand GPR's impact on control, the study examined data collected from interviews with human resource managers and police chiefs who implement the policy, from participant observation, and from documents and archival records. GPR is a distinct control mechanism the TNP employs to maximize personnel performance and minimize police deviance. More significantly, GPR allows the TNP to reward and punish employees depending on their performance, as well as detect and reduce deviation from organizational norms. GPR also affects the formation of police identity, which may increase or decrease commitment to the organization based on the perceived fairness of the practice.
Ph. D.

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19

Obasi, Jonah E. "Police Officers' Perceptions of Body-Worn Camera Technology". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4544.

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In the past several years, police-community relations have received enormous scrutiny based on several high-profile incidents involving the use of deadly force. Politicians, civil societies, and victims' families have called for law enforcement agencies to equip local officers with body-worn cameras to increase transparency and accountability. The purpose of the study was to investigate how law enforcement officers in a Sheriff's office in the Southern United States perceived ease of use and usefulness of body-worn camera technology and to identify if gender and years of service related to police officers' acceptance of body-worn cameras as a component of their regular uniform. The theoretical foundation for this study was based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis in 1989. Paper survey using TAM instrument was used to collect data from officers at the training center. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine which independent variables predicted the frequency of use of body-worn cameras. Analysis of data collected from 88 officers found that their perceptions of the ease of use of body-worn cameras were moderately and positively correlated with their perceptions of the cameras' usefulness and their attitudes toward the camera. The relationship between usefulness and years of service was negative, indicating that as officers' length of service increased, their perceptions of body-worn cameras usefulness decreased. However, officers' attitudes toward using body-worn cameras were a predictor of their reported frequency of use. Findings from the study could contribute to positive social change by providing policymakers with new tools to craft training policies to enhance police-community relations.

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20

Hymon, Drema Ann. "Use of Force Citizen Complaints, Use of Force Violations, and Early Intervention". ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7875.

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Abstract Mounting public protests, increasing expensive payouts, and shootings of unarmed victims by police is a call to reexamine options to problem solving, service recovery, and preventing police misconduct as it pertains to the use of force. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the correlation between early intervention system data (a) use of force, citizens' complaints (race and gender), and use of force violations (race, gender, and years of service for officers). The disruptive theoretical framework provided an innovative lens to examine police misconduct of a large midwestern large law enforcement agency. This secondary data study did not find significant relationships between stated variables using chi-square analyses. Although consistent with other studies, males were found likely victims of excessive use of force (X2 = 114.093, p =.000) using multiple regression. By expanding the characteristics of basic variables based on a (use of force) continuum model, the data can be treated as a disruptor with potential to reach maintenance or high productivity and sustainability. The fields of healthcare and education have made strides using this model, and this model may also add to the existing knowledge to create greater transparency, service recovery, and policy modification needed to reduce the use of force police misconduct. As society changes with varying political mandates, public opinions and technological communications, it is apparent that law enforcement must also continually improve efforts to enhance accountability and transparency relating to the use of force

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Hoard, DeAris Vontae. "The Impact of the Use of Wearable Video Systems in Law Enforcement". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7299.

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Wearable video systems (WVSs) are one of the most popular and fastest growing technologies used by law enforcement today. While published WVS literature predominantly focuses on stakeholder perceptions, community interactions, assaults against officers, and use of force, there has diminutive exploration of the impact of WVSs as it related to aspects of police misconduct, especially in the Cruiser Police Department (pseudonym; CPD). The purpose of this mixed methods study was to explore and describe how the use of the use of WVSs by the CPD impact police misconduct, by tracking the changes in complaint type and disposition of a 5-year period, and to examine how CPD officers perceive the impact of the use of WVSs. Deterrence theory and phenomenology provided structure for this research study. The quantitative portion of this study consisted of an interrupted time series analysis of 419 documented complaints against CPD officers between June 2013 and June 2018. The qualitative portion consisted of 67 anonymous, online surveys completed by current CPD officers with WVS experience that were thematically analyzed. Quantitative findings included a 13% overall increase in the number of complaints, a 15% drop in citizen complaints, a 28% increase in chief-initiated complaints, and a 41% increase in sustained complaints. Qualitative findings provided insight into CPD officers' acceptance and value of WVS, along with their strong concern for WVSs implementation creating more discipline of officers. Implications for positive social change include an awareness of unintended consequences of current policies and practices and empirical awareness of trends associated with WVS, specifically regarding discipline, officer acceptance, and police-community interaction.

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22

Goins, Jacqueline Lorraine. "Sexual boundary violations between peace officer agencies and offenders". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2074.

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Peace officers across this country have allowed a hostile environment to be created with offenders who are in their custody. An overview of the issues to be addressed in this study will begin with sexual boundary violations among peace officers and offenders, such as physical intimacy and emotional commitment that meets the sexual needs of the peace officer.

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Donner, Christopher Matthew. "Examining the link between self-control and misconduct in a multi-agency sample of police supervisors: A test of two theories". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4470.

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As police personnel carry out their mandates of enforcing the law, maintaining order, and serving the public, they are entrusted to "practice what they preach." They are expected to abide by the rules, laws, and ethical principles that apply to them as they hold private citizens to account for violations of laws. When the police do not live up to this standard by committing police misconduct, it can tarnish not just the individual officer, but the department and jurisdiction as well. Police misconduct is a concern for society as police misbehavior can result in negative outcomes, such as distrust by the citizenry, poor police-community relations, and litigation. Therefore, it is important for academics and police administrators to gain a better understanding of why police personnel engage in occupational deviance. A sizable literature has identified several individual, organizational, and community-level correlates of police misconduct, but there is a general dearth of knowledge concerning criminological explanations for police misconduct. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential relationship between self-control and police misconduct utilizing two versions of self-control theory. The primary objectives of the dissertation were to: (1) investigate whether self-control predicts police misconduct; and, if so, (2) identify which version of self-control theory best explains police misconduct. The original version of self-control theory (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990) hypothesizes that crime and deviant behavior are the result of low self-control, which is characterized by impulsivity, a preference for simple tasks, a proclivity for risk-seeking activities, self-centeredness, and a quick temper. More than a decade later, Hirschi (2004) revised the theory in an effort to address several shortcomings of the original theoretical model. In this revision, he moved the focus away from the personality trait of self-control to a rational choice, decision-making conceptualization, which he argued is more consistent with the original intent of the theory. From this new perspective, self-control refers to an internal set of inhibitors that influence the choices people make. Data were collected through online surveys of 101 police supervisors within three U.S. police agencies. The respondents are part of a larger research project, known as the National Police Research Platform, which is funded by the National Institute of Justice. The data were analyzed using a series of correlational and multiple regression strategies. Based on theory and prior research, it was hypothesized that measures of both theoretical versions would significantly predict police misconduct and that, in a full regression model, both versions would yield significant (and independent) effects. As predicted by the hypotheses, the results demonstrated that low self-control (as a measure of Gottfredson and Hirschi's theoretical version) and revised self-control (as a measure of Hirschi's revised theoretical version) were both significantly related to past police misconduct and the likelihood of future police misconduct. Furthermore, both measures produced independent effects in full regression models. Lastly, as evinced by standardized regression coefficients, the results suggested that revised self-control is the superior theoretical version within the context of police deviance. The finding that self-control is related to police misconduct has important policy implications for police administrators. Specifically, it is recommended that administrators 1) bolster their personnel selection and hiring through the use of more judicious background investigations and increased use of psychological testing; 2) increase the use of integrity-testing strategies, such as early warning systems, to detect problematic employees; and 3) utilize quality police training programs with emphases on ethics, consequences of misbehavior, and mechanisms to strengthen employees' levels of self-control. Study strengths and limitations, as well as directions for future research, are presented.

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Mboyi, Sabelo Advocate. "An investigation into the use of whistle-blowing as a means to curb unethical behaviour of police officers in the Nelson Mandela Bay". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/760.

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The use of whistle-blowing as means to curb unethical behaviour of police officers in the Nelson Mandela Bay is investigated in this study. In order to investigate this, various instruments were used, these are interviews and questionnaires. However the objectives of the study were: - To examine the implementation of whistle-blowing in the SAPS. - To develop strategies and measures that can be used to encourage whistle-blowing in the SAPS. Broadly speaking, these objectives have been achieved by providing empirical evidence which shows that: - Unethical behaviour by police officers is the most ethical challenge facing police officers in the Nelson Mandela Bay Area. This is based on the findings which eminate from the interviews. - Whistle-blowing is used by police officers as an early warning system that alerts the superiors about misconduct before it is too late as it defects and deters wrongdoing. However, the study suggests various strategies and measures to assist the implementation of whistle-blowing. These strategies include: - Development of hotlines. - Assurance of confidentiality and anonymity of disclosures. - Response plan development. - Training development. - Regarding whistle-blowing as an ongoing communication. This study also indicates that misconduct by police officers in the Nelson Mandela Bay area is not high. While whistle-blowing is considered as a key tool in promoting individual responsibility and accountability among police officers. In conclusion, recommendations are provided which could assist the SAPS and individual police officers to improve ethical conduct, and for improved measures and mechanisms to deal with unethical behaviour of police officers and recommendations for improved implementation of whistle-blowing process.

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Gelin, Carl. "Polisens Tystnadskod - Översikt kring yrkeskulturella normer och sanktioner och dess följder inom den svenska polisorganisationen". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25398.

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Denna uppsats kommer övergripande beskriva fenomenet tystnadskod inom specifikt den svenska polisen. För att kunna göra detta måste bakomliggande faktorer så som det kollegiala kollektivets betydelse inom polisen först beskrivas liksom vissa organisationsinterna motsättningar som gett upphov till tystnadskoden. Uppsatsen kommer även med hjälp av utkast från bland annat nyhetsmedier belysa hur denna tystnadskod yttrat sig i praktiken och vilka följder detta fått. Tystnadskoden är ett fenomen som har skapats ur det kollegiala kollektivet och fyller till viss del funktion som social kontroll inom kollektivet. Men också rättsligt. Det är sällsynt att åtal väcks mot poliser liksom lika sällsynt att poliser får några disciplinära påföljder när överträdelser begåtts. Svensk polisforskning är eftersatt internationell motsvarighet varför den svenska litteraturen är relativt knapphändig inom området med ett fåtal undantag. Få forskare som belyst tystnadskoden har belyst vilka indirekta följder den kan få utanför det kollegiala kollektivet liksom utanför polisorganisationen vilket måste tas hänsyn till när man studerar fenomenet tystnadskod.

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Lima, Elvoclebio de Araújo. "Justiça e disciplina : análise das práticas de controle institucional na Polícia Militar do estado de Sergipe (2001-2009)". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6327.

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This study entitled "Justice and Discipline: Analysis of Institutional Control Practices in the Military Police of the State of Sergipe (2001-2009)" aims to examine the practices of institutional control and consequent restatements in disciplinary power in the period between 2001 to 2009, whereas these restatements reflect the search for elements reaffirmation of the effective exercise of power practiced within the hierarchical relationships-disciplinary. The reaffirmation of the domain of military authority, at any given time, assumed the aspect of a discourse oriented legal grounds to punish the act. The emergence of "new" procedures of accountability and culpability of the offender characterized the concern of military authority regarding maintenance of disciplinary content of hierarchical relationships. Using the documentary research, based on publications made in bulletin Overall, the analysis focused practices of empowerment appealed also to speak of the subject, trying, through discourse agents, make an overview of the concepts and representations concerning discipline and justice. In the scenario presented by institutional PMSE during the period in question, the transgression appears as one of the categories of the phenomenon of misconduct, thoughtful, often from two angles: the relations disciplinary transgression in this case was taken as a result of disobedience, the penalty being applied in the form of educational intervention, the background takes misconduct in higher degree, considering it as a serious deviation from the behavior, distanced professional ethics and responsible for military cause problems, eg, the police violence. During selected view which tried to design transgression existing in the institution and how it justifies the notion of "disciplining" and criminal liability and administrative officer practiced by the military authority. Amid the data relating to punishments and disciplinary procedures and judicial perceive problems as the transparency of procedures, preventing often the external observation of practice and investigation of allegations of criminal offenses. There was also a more effective coercive apparatus for the application of disciplinary punishments related to the discipline of the troops, however, this efficacy contrasts with the results of established procedures for verification of complaints of abuse of power committed by military police. One of the factors affecting the poor visibility of the route taken by the procedure is precisely the institutional design given by the militarism that treats the misconduct as something that concerns the military world, undermining a broader understanding of the effects of violence and transgression committed by police.
O presente estudo intitulado Justiça e Disciplina: Análise das Práticas de Controle Institucional na Polícia Militar do Estado de Sergipe (2001-2009) tem por objetivo analisar as práticas de controle institucional e as conseqüentes reformulações no poder disciplinar ocorridas no período entre 2001 a 2009, considerando que estas reformulações refletem a busca por elementos de reafirmação do exercício efetivo de poder praticado no interior das relações hierárquico-disciplinares. A reafirmação do domínio da autoridade militar, num dado momento, assumiu a faceta de um discurso orientado para a fundamentação legal do ato de punir. A emergência de novos procedimentos de responsabilização e de culpabilização do transgressor caracterizou a preocupação da autoridade militar quanto à manutenção do conteúdo disciplinar das relações hierárquicas. Utilizando da pesquisa documental, baseada nas publicações feitas em boletim geral, a análise direcionada às práticas de exercício de poder recorreu, também, à fala dos sujeitos, tentando, por meio do discurso dos agentes, fazer um apanhado das representações e das concepções relativas à disciplina e à justiça. No cenário institucional apresentado pela PMSE, no período em questão, a transgressão aparece como uma das categorias do fenômeno de desvio de conduta, pensada, freqüentemente, a partir de dois ângulos: o das relações disciplinares, nesse caso a transgressão era tida como resultado da desobediência, sendo a penalização aplicada sob a modalidade de intervenção pedagógica; o segundo plano toma o desvio de conduta em grau mais elevado, considerando-o como grave desvio do comportamento, distanciado da ética profissional militar e responsável por originar problemas como, por exemplo, o da violência policial. No período selecionado tentamos visualizar qual a concepção de transgressão existente na instituição e como esta fundamenta a noção de disciplinarização e de responsabilização criminal e administrativa do policial praticada pela autoridade militar. Em meio aos dados relativos às punições e processos disciplinares e judiciais percebemos problemas quanto à transparência dos procedimentos, inviabilizando, muitas vezes, a observação externa das práticas de apuração das transgressões e denúncias de crime. Verificou-se, também, uma maior eficácia do aparelho coercitivo disciplinar quanto à aplicação de punições relacionadas à disciplina da tropa, entretanto, essa eficácia contrasta com os resultados de procedimentos instaurados para verificação das denúncias de abuso de poder cometidos por policiais militares. Um dos fatores condicionantes da pouca visibilidade do percurso feito pelo procedimento é, justamente, o desenho institucional conferido pelo militarismo que trata o desvio de conduta como algo que diz respeito ao universo militar, prejudicando uma compreensão mais ampla dos efeitos da violência e da transgressão cometidas por policiais.

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Krimbill, Elisabeth M. "Collateral damage| The impact of educator sexual misconduct on a school community". Thesis, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248487.

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This phenomenological study examines the impact of educator sexual misconduct on the secondary school community as seen through the lens of the principal. This study offers a greater understanding for school leaders who may face this challenging situation and provide insight into the impact educator sexual misconduct has on the school community. Through the open-ended interview protocol, participants reflected on their experiences of the events surrounding the accusation, investigation, loss of certification, and possible conviction and sentencing of a teacher on their staff who engaged in a sexual relationship with a student.

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Lucas, Joseph William. "The Deterrent Effect of Disciplinary Segregation on Prison Inmate Misconduct". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1648.

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Although a widely used practice, it was previously unknown whether disciplinary segregation is actually effective at modifying prison behavior. This quantitative, retrospective observational study tested deterrence theory and explored the effectiveness of disciplinary segregation in deterring subsequent prison inmate misconduct among those subjected to it (N = 228). It compared a cohort of male inmates incarcerated by the Oregon Department of Corrections who had spent time in disciplinary segregation in 2011 and/or 2012 with a comparison cohort who had not spent any time in disciplinary segregation. Three models were tested, each with the outcome variable operationalized in a different way: overall total rule violations in 2013-2014, total major rule violations in 2013-2014, and total minor rule violations in 2013-2014. Multiple regression analysis was used to control for the influence of age, time spent on current sentence, risk score, prior major and minor rule violations, and time spent in disciplinary segregation. These analyses revealed that for each model, disciplinary segregation was not a significant predictor of subsequent prison inmate misconduct. The findings suggest that deterrence theory does not explain the relation between the experience of disciplinary segregation and subsequent prison misconduct among those subjected to it. The findings further suggest that disciplinary segregation neither decreases nor increases subsequent prison misconduct. These results indicate that disciplinary segregation should undergo a critical evaluation by prison administrators, which could lead to the practice of disciplinary segregation being exercised in a more judicious and informed manner, thus limiting its potentially negative effects and contributing to positive social change.

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29

Zubick, Jennifer L. "Academic misconduct at the University of Windsor, an examination of prevalence, policy, and practice". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30996.pdf.

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Wolf, Ronald E. "Clerical sexual misconduct analysis of selected rights of clergy in light of some diocesan policy statements /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Walongole, Yusufu Mohamedi. "A study of teacher misconduct as a problem in the transition to school democracy in South Africa by Yusufu Mohamedi Walongole". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8772.

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Bibliography: leaves 124-131.
The study investigated the nature and causes of teacher misconduct in three poorly performing township schools in the Western Cape. It is argued that cases of misconduct arise, because of the fact that democratic values are not strongly developed in the society at large, nor in the schools and the teachers that work in them. The problem of misconduct is therefore, an extremely difficult to resolve within a short period of time. In other words, teacher misconduct is a feature of undemocratic school. Since schools always reﬂect the society, then unless such a time when the whole society is transformed into a democratic society, that is when we would expect to see a real democratic school in South Africa. Issues emerged in the course of this study, that seems to be barriers to the establishment of a true democratic school are: Issues pertaining to traditional and culture, violence and resistance, money, history of the country and illiteracy. Therefore, we would expect to see a true democratic school, when the whole society is democratised, For example, when there will be a sense of accountability, when people understand the importance of education, economic growth, criminal justice etc. Hence any intervention that aim to improve schools in the African townships should take into consideration this problem.

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32

Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes October 5, 2015". University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581963.

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33

Forrester, Kim, i n/a. "The Impact of Structural (Legislation and Policy), Professional and Process Factors on the Outcomes of Disciplinary Tribunals and Committees in Cases of Sexual Misconduct and Incompetent or Unsafe Practice". Griffith University. School of Nursing, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040615.144659.

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This study was conducted in the context of the regulation of professional nursing and midwifery practice in the Australian health care system. In this environment, professional regulatory authorities established by State and Territory legislation in all jurisdictions, regulate and control the work of health professionals. In Queensland, registered nurses, enrolled nurses and midwives are regulated by the Queensland Nursing Council, the statutory body created by the Nursing Act 1992 (Qld). Part of the regulatory role of this and other authorities is to discipline professionals whose conduct or behaviour falls short of appropriate and acceptable standards of practice. All regulated health professionals, including nurses and midwives, are potentially subject to professional disciplinary action if a complaint is lodged in relation to their conduct. This being an important issue in the management and delivery of health care, and an increased trend among health care consumers, the dearth of existing research into the disciplinary process is a major concern. This exploratory study examined the disciplinary role of the Queensland Nursing Council in adhering to its legislative mandate to ensure safe and competent nursing practice. The study focused on the extent to which structural (legislation and policy), professional, and process factors impacted on the outcomes of disciplinary Tribunals and Committees in cases of incompetent or unsafe practice and sexual misconduct. The study was situated within the interpretive paradigm using a case study approach. Specifically, it investigated cases of sexual misconduct by nurses and unsafe or incompetent practice by midwives. The study was guided by Donabedian's conceptual framework of structure-process-outcome. This framework was seen to be most suited to the aims of the study and provided a template for in-depth analysis of the data emerging from the two cases. The findings of this study provided insight into the factors underpinning the decisions of the disciplinary bodies in making determinations and formulating outcomes. There was found to be a lack of consistency and predictability in both the legislative frameworks and the interpretation of terms and concepts used to identify conduct warranting a disciplinary response from regulatory authorities. Although the processes of disciplinary proceedings are prescribed by both legislation and policy, their practical application was characterised by considerable challenges, which resulted in varying outcomes. The thesis reports this information so that it can be used as an initial basis to build a body of knowledge from practical experience with disciplinary proceedings that will inform future processes. Subsequent case studies in other contexts and systems will increase the level of knowledge available to nurses, other health care providers, health care institutions and regulatory authorities. The initial base of evidence suggests implications for practice, education and further research which are outlined in the final chapter of the thesis.

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34

Forrester, Kim. "The Impact of Structural (Legislation and Policy), Professional and Process Factors on the Outcomes of Disciplinary Tribunals and Committees in Cases of Sexual Misconduct and Incompetent or Unsafe Practice". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366609.

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This study was conducted in the context of the regulation of professional nursing and midwifery practice in the Australian health care system. In this environment, professional regulatory authorities established by State and Territory legislation in all jurisdictions, regulate and control the work of health professionals. In Queensland, registered nurses, enrolled nurses and midwives are regulated by the Queensland Nursing Council, the statutory body created by the Nursing Act 1992 (Qld). Part of the regulatory role of this and other authorities is to discipline professionals whose conduct or behaviour falls short of appropriate and acceptable standards of practice. All regulated health professionals, including nurses and midwives, are potentially subject to professional disciplinary action if a complaint is lodged in relation to their conduct. This being an important issue in the management and delivery of health care, and an increased trend among health care consumers, the dearth of existing research into the disciplinary process is a major concern. This exploratory study examined the disciplinary role of the Queensland Nursing Council in adhering to its legislative mandate to ensure safe and competent nursing practice. The study focused on the extent to which structural (legislation and policy), professional, and process factors impacted on the outcomes of disciplinary Tribunals and Committees in cases of incompetent or unsafe practice and sexual misconduct. The study was situated within the interpretive paradigm using a case study approach. Specifically, it investigated cases of sexual misconduct by nurses and unsafe or incompetent practice by midwives. The study was guided by Donabedian's conceptual framework of structure-process-outcome. This framework was seen to be most suited to the aims of the study and provided a template for in-depth analysis of the data emerging from the two cases. The findings of this study provided insight into the factors underpinning the decisions of the disciplinary bodies in making determinations and formulating outcomes. There was found to be a lack of consistency and predictability in both the legislative frameworks and the interpretation of terms and concepts used to identify conduct warranting a disciplinary response from regulatory authorities. Although the processes of disciplinary proceedings are prescribed by both legislation and policy, their practical application was characterised by considerable challenges, which resulted in varying outcomes. The thesis reports this information so that it can be used as an initial basis to build a body of knowledge from practical experience with disciplinary proceedings that will inform future processes. Subsequent case studies in other contexts and systems will increase the level of knowledge available to nurses, other health care providers, health care institutions and regulatory authorities. The initial base of evidence suggests implications for practice, education and further research which are outlined in the final chapter of the thesis.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing
Full Text

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35

Crow, Stephen M. (Stephen Martin). "Dominant Decision Cues in Labor Arbitration; Standards Used in Alcohol and Drug Cases". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331930/.

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During the past twenty years, extensive research has been conducted concerning the judgmental processes of labor arbitrators. Previous research, sometimes referred to as policy capturing, attempted to identify the criteria or standards used by arbitrators to support their decisions. Much of the research was qualitative. Due to the categorical nature of the dependent variables, log-linear models such as logit regression have been used to examine decisional relationships in more recent studies. The decision cues used by arbitrators in 249 published alcohol- and drug-related arbitration cases were examined. The justifications for arbitrators' decisions were fitted into Carroll Daugherty's "seven tests" of just cause. The dominant cues were proof of misconduct, the appropriateness of the penalty, and the business necessity of management's action. Foreknowledge of the rule by the grievant and the consequences of a violation, equal treatment of the grievant, and an appropriate investigation by management were also important decision cues. In general, grievants in alcohol and drug arbitration cases fared as well as grievants in any other disciplinary arbitrations. However, when the cases were analyzed based on the legal status of the drug, illicit drug users were at a considerable disadvantage.

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Kirkland, Kim D. "Academic Honesty: Is What Students Believe Different From What They Do?" Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1245345453.

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Barry, Daniel Patrick. "Handling police misconduct in an ethical way /". 1999. http://www.neiassociates.org/barrythesis.pdf.

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"Bad Lady Cops: Explaining Sex Differences in Police Officer Misconduct". Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29659.

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abstract: Police misconduct is a relatively rare event, though typically, it is a male dominated event. As such, research on police misconduct has largely ignored women. Generally, research examines differences in misconduct by using sex as a control variable, or has focused on small samples of female officers using qualitative methods. Neither of these methods is able to explore or explain the possibility that factors related to officers' decisions to commit misconduct may differentially impact males and females. As a consequence, we are left with a shallow understanding of when and why women commit misconduct. This research fills this gap by a large sample (N=3,085) of matched police officers in the New York City Police Department, half of which committed career-ending misconduct between 1975 and 1996. Additionally, unlike previous research, this data includes a large sample (N=435) of females. Research has determined that some factors, such as having children or employment problems, are risk factors for misconduct regardless of sex; likewise, other factors, such as age and higher education, create protection against misconduct. Using logistic regression and split-sample z-score comparisons, analyses will focus on examining how the predictors differentially explain the likelihood of police misconduct for men and women. As expected, some predictors of misconduct that are salient for women, such as getting divorced, are not statistically significant for men; likewise, some variables that are significant for both men and women have a larger effect size for one sex, such as citizen complaints, which are of more predictive value for women than for men. These findings yield important theoretical, empirical, and policy implications. Notably, there is evidence that a gendered theory of police misconduct may be necessary. Additionally, conceptualizations within mainstream criminological theories may need to be rethought; for example, divorce was found to be a protective factor for women in this study, rather than a risk factor as both strain and life-course criminology would indicate. The findings also demonstrate the need for gender-specific models when studying police misconduct. Finally, the results of this study yield important policy implications, such as the utility of gender-specific hiring considerations and early-intervention "red flags."
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Criminology and Criminal Justice 2015

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Cubitt, Timothy I. "The risk assessment inventory : assessing the future misconduct of operational police officers". Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:59616.

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Misconduct among police has been an evocative phenomenon among media sources around the world. In the recent past there has been a relative increase in academic inquiry regarding police misconduct, but it remains a subject featuring little empirical research. In Australia, there has been noteworthy consideration of the police misconduct environment, typically only limited by the reluctance of law enforcement agencies to share data, or any specifics relating to the misconduct of their workforce. The extensive public exposure of information relating to police misconduct in Australia was leveraged through parliamentary inquiries in Queensland (the Fitzgerald Inquiry) and New South Wales (the Wood Royal Commission, Tink Review and Operation Prospect). Despite these inquiries, the misconduct environment of law enforcement agencies in Australia remains relatively unexplored, with little exposure to analytical research methodologies. This thesis represents an opportunity consider serious police misconduct, among a large policing agency, the NSW Police Force (NSWPF). Findings from these analyses were noteworthy for the knowledge area of police misconduct in Australia. It appears that a nexus of factors have a role in the likelihood of serious misconduct among officers. The finding that secondary employment, and time spent at rank were associated with serious misconduct was particularly important. While, there was evidence that a departure from procedural justice within the complaint process, had negatively impacted the prospects of remediating officer behaviour. A large proportion of officers also identified trauma exposure and stress as key contributors to their misconduct. Results of these analyses were utilised in extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour, with noteworthy success. A range of practice and research recommendations may be drawn from this thesis. These findings provide a pathway to more effective misconduct prevention strategies for agencies, in particular the important roles of psychosocial, financial and workplace support in preventing serious misconduct. Additionally, these findings supported the importance of procedural justice in the investigation and remediation of misconduct. Finally, the link between trauma exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder and serious misconduct requires further research, however this does not preclude immediate development and implementation of best practice support mechanisms for officers at risk.

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Akpunonu-Ogu, Sophy Ndidiamaka. "Corruption in the police force in Nigeria an Afro-centric ethical critique". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10686.

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This dissertation discusses corruption within the Nigeria Police Force as a moral decay facing the institution. It provides an overview of the historical background and establishment of the Nigeria Police Force as an institution charged with the responsibility of protecting life and property, and maintaining peace and order in the country. The dissertation identifies various forms of police misconduct, such as bribery and extortion, mass arrests and detention, illegal bail charges and corruption within the leadership of the police. This deviant behavior has undermined the integrity of the force, with the result that public perception of the police force is negative and national security and development is undermined. Despite numerous anti-corruption strategies that have been devised to curb police misconduct, it remains difficult to reduce corruption within the force. This dissertation argues that implementing documented strategies in the workplace requires a deeper moral consciousness of their civic duties on the part of the police. This would promote the common good and increase the effectiveness of community policing. To support this view, the dissertation critically analyses the inadequacies in the anti-corruption strategies from an ethical perspective, and reveals the contending ethical implications facing the strategies. In search for solution to curb police corruption, the dissertation proposes incorporating in policing certain virtues embedded in the Afrocentric ethic of Omoluabi, such as good character, respect, diligence and communalism. This approach could provide insights to complement the existing anti-corruption mechanisms that aim to reduce police misconduct. In conclusion, the dissertation argues that embracing values in traditional African culture could contribute to the ongoing search for ways to combat police corruption. Therefore, there is a need to look into admirable values gleaned from an African indigenous understanding of morality, in order to address the ethical issues facing the police force in Nigeria.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2014.

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An-Ko-Ching i 安可敬. "Constructing a devil under the uniform? Newspaper coverage of misconduct and crime committed by military and police". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60471156076415191877.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
101
Military and police are distinctive professions as both of them are responsible for a country’s security. The military protects the homeland, whereas policemen maintain law and order. Their uniforms are a symbol of “discipline” and “authority” per se, thus, higher moral standards might be applied to them and their occupations by the public. Violation of law and order by military and police arguably attract more media attention and public resentment and criticism. This study focuses on how newspapers cover misconduct and crimes committed by military and policemen. The main purpose is to use content analysis of three major newspapers in Taiwan (frequency, headlines, content, causes of incidents and responsibility attributions), as well as to compare any differences between military and police news reports. Samples were selected from e-news databases of Apple Daily News, United Daily News and Liberty Times, covering three months of 2012 by keywords relevant to military and police misconduct and crime. A total of 189 news stories were coded (Corpus N= 189)by their category, page number, headlines, wording, description of victims and offenders’ rank, gender and family background, motives, branch of services, responsibility and any further recommendations to improve the systems. The analysis indicated that in spite of the similarity of military and police professions, two differences were identified in the analysis. One is that the United Daily News and Liberty Times tended to report more instances of police misconduct and crime than the Apple Daily News, the former two particularly in favor of covering police corruption and against integrity stories. The Apple Daily News, on the other hand, tended to report more on military misconduct and crime, particularly interested in sexual scandals and offenses. Second, in comparison to the rankings, misconduct and crime committed by upper-intermediate ranked police officers were reported more than upper-intermediate military officers. With regard to causes of incidents, attribution of responsibilities, word count of news, recommendations, there was no significant difference between military and police revealed in the newspaper coverage. Keywords: military, police, media coverage, misconduct and crime

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Govindsamy, Leanne. "Money matters:an anthropological perspective on corruption and consumption in the police". Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/29559.

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A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2019
This research paper explores corruption within the South African Police Services, with a focus on non-commissioned police officers working at the Honeydew Police Station. Utilising ethnographic research in observing the spaces in which the police officers worked and conducting interviews with various participants, I was guided towards a specific approach to understanding corruption in the police, one which places class and consumption at the centre of my research. This paper therefore delves into whether class and consumption influences the choices of police officers and any involvement in unlawful activities. By adopting a particular ethnological perspective in the study of corruption, this research paper interrogates often-overlooked aspects of police officers daily lives and experiences which I think are vital in being able to understand corruption in the police.
NG (2020)

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LIN, CHIA-HSIANG, i 林佳翔. "The impact on military misconduct management after the freezing of martial sentencing law-Military police as an example". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fsmudj.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
105
When misconducts occur in the military, due to humane reasons, administrative penalties are rarely imposed. Nowadays, channels for filing complaints in the military are widely available, smartphones are also allowed, members of the military can easily post their personal lives and feelings online, additionally they can also post unverified rumors online as they please. News regarding the military have always been popular among civilians and the media, personnel management is extremely challenging because military officers are constantly at risk of being sued. This thesis focues on discussing the impact of misconduct management in the military after the freezing of the Martial Sentencing Law, and uses military police as an example to differentiate common misconducts and factors of handling the crises before and after the freezing of the Martial Sentencing Law. This thesis also discusses the required resources for preventing misconducts of personnel in the military, the writer also analyzes the experiences of interviewees, concludes factors of handling different misconducts and gives suggestions for preventing future misconducts and improving troop management. The semi-structural interview method is used for the research in this thesis, the samples collected consist of three incumbent company commanders and three command sergeant majors, all of which have at least served five years in the military with leading experiences and have all graduated from regular courses. The conducted interviews are based on their troop management experiences, their handling of subordinated misconducts, the reasons behind these choices and their suggestions for superiors that face similar challenges, all interviewees in the thesis have given their opinions through these conversations, and they state their work experiences according to the given subjects. This research concludes that the most common misconducts are behaviors that have breached sections 1, 2, 5, 8, 12 and 14 of article 15 of the Armed-Forces Penalty Law. Most of the offenders only have high school degrees, college graduates on the other hand, seldom violate these laws. The factors behind the given penalties of the misconducts are usually based on the offender’s personal military management experiences, or the severity of the situations. Moreover, the work performances of the perpetrator, the number of times they’ve misbehaved, their motivations behind the misconducts and their attitudes after the misconduct are all taken into considerations when deciding the penalties, furthermore, the impact the penalties will have on the responsible troop, the predicted backlash that the unit will face…etc. are also taken into consideration. However, the conducted interviews indicated that the freezing of the Martial Sentencing Law does not play an important role on this matter. Through analysis of the interviewees’ work experiences, we can conclude that, in order to prevent misconducts or lower the chances of them occurring, the military often dispatches cadres to go on inspections or spot checks. And in order to monitor those who often misbehave effectively, the military also dispatches monitors, and propagandizes cases and examples from the past. All personnel in the military are also informed of the penalties they can possibly face once they misbehave. The author lastly suggests that, in order to improve the efficiency of troop management, the military must recruit personnel more thoroughly, enhance the importance of the personnel assessment system, review the filed complaints more impartially and reexamine the given penalties through an unbiased third party.

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Raines, Julie Burbach. "Ethics, integrity and police misconduct analyzing ethical awareness, standards and action of law enforcement officers in the United States /". 2006. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07072006-190711/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Grobler, Elizabeth. "A criminological examination of police criminality". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1530.

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The primary objective of this research was to study and explain police criminality from a criminological point of view. Police criminality was addressed from a scientific perspective and this was achieved by using scientific measures and procedures including theoretical explanations and recognised research methodology. The secondary objectives included the undertaking of a comprehensive literature study on police criminality in addition to conducting interviews with specialists in order to gain expert information from knowledgeable sources in the field of police criminality. Interviews conducted with police offenders addressed police criminality from the viewpoint of the individual offender. The findings of the empirical study reflect significant individual and organisational factors. The individual factors highlighted characteristics such as power, greed, aggression, feelings of invincibility, gullibility, propensity to criminality and psychological factors including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, which contributed to crimes committed by police members. Perhaps the most significant organisational contributors highlighted by this study related to managerial shortcomings. It is evident that police organisations with high levels of untrained, inexperienced and incompetent managers experience high levels of internal criminality. Poor supervision and the lack of corruption controls create an enabling environment for the perpetuation of police deviance. Additional organisational factors that encourage criminality include negative aspects of police culture such as the code of silence, where police members are more apt to protecting corrupt colleagues than reporting them. The lack of discipline gives rise to insubordination and familiarity, which encourages impunity. In the South African Police Service at present, the policy of Affirmative Action is causing widespread dissatisfaction and the lowering of morale amongst certain members. Inadequate recruitment and training do not prepare members adequately for their job and it literally allow the "worm into the apple." The researcher's contribution to this study is an interventionist model, which contains essential recommendations primarily for the benefit of the South African Police Service. These include the expeditious implementation of a comprehensive anti-corruption strategy and the creation of an independent investigation unit. Management shortcomings must be rectified and professionalism encouraged. Recruits need to be thoroughly vetted and ethics and integrity must be included in police training.
Criminology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)

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Rajin, Ronnie Gonasagaran Dayananda. "A model for the prevention of corruption and corruption-related offences at Gauteng police stations". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22940.

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The research entailed an exploration of the reasons behind corruption and related offences in selected Gauteng police stations of the South African Police Service (SAPS). Corruption refers to the illegal and unlawful activities performed by police officials when they enrich themselves by taking money and other valuable property from offenders, victims and other people they come into contact with. The participants in this study were purposefully chosen and comprised of two groups. The first group included ex-police officials convicted and sentenced for committing corruption and related offences. The second group were active police officials suspected to have committed corruption and related crimes and some in this group were dismissed by disciplinary tribunals. The research was done at four of the police stations in Gauteng Province. There were 18 participants interviewed and nine were chosen from these police stations, with the remaining nine from two correctional facilities in Gauteng. The participants were asked an open-ended question which aimed at exploring convicted police officials’ reasons for having committed corruption. The interviews were recorded with the participants’ permission. The recorded data were transcribed verbatim and analysed. The five main themes that emerged are the high incidence of corruption involving all levels of police, multiple environmental factors which contribute to corruption, forms of corruption, dynamics resulting from corruption and anti-corruption mechanisms to prevent corruption. The themes were described using “in vivo” quotes from the transcribed data. To learn other trends about corruption, the nature and extent of corruption in the political, economic and the governmental sphere were discussed. In the summary of the research recommendations and conclusions were provided. A model has been identified which consists of preventative and reactive mechanisms, including selection, recruitment, the code of conduct, supportive leadership, supervision, mentoring and coaching, targeted inspections and auditing. Life style audits, disciplinary measures, dismissals and prosecution in these corruption case hearings also form part of the proposed model.
Corrections Management
D.Litt. et Phil. (Criminal Justice)

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Lagacé, Maude. "La déontologie policière au Québec : les facteurs associés aux jugements de culpabilité et aux sanctions imposées aux policiers". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18686.

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La présente étude s’intéresse aux facteurs associés aux différents types de décisions rendus par le Comité à la déontologie policière du Québec. Pour ce faire, 267 jugements rendus entre 2009 et 2013 sont analysés. La régression logistique est utilisée pour déterminer les facteurs associés (1) à la décision de culpabilité (2) à la décision sur sanction et (3) à la sévérité de la sanction (sanction de courte durée ou de longue durée). Les facteurs utilisés dans les modèles sont des facteurs légaux (nature, gravité de l’inconduite et plaidoyer de culpabilité) ainsi que des facteurs extra-légaux -tels que les caractéristiques des policiers et des plaignants, le contexte de l’intervention ainsi qu’un facteur lié au processus décisionnel du comité (la durée des procédures)- disponibles dans les jugements. Les résultats montrent que le verdict est majoritairement influencé par la qualité de la preuve et que la sévérité de la sanction dépend principalement des facteurs légaux. Toutefois, certains facteurs extra-légaux influencent le verdict, dont le grade du policier. Parmi les facteurs extra-légaux qui influencent la décision sur sanction, il y a le grade, le sexe et le service de police du policier. Malgré tout, le Comité à la déontologie policière prend des décisions relativement cohérentes et les décisions prises sont justifiables légalement sauf pour quelques caractéristiques du policier et pour la durée des procédures. Ces derniers montrent la nécessité de faire davantage d’études sur le sujet.
Even though disciplinary systems are criticized for their lack of coherence and fairness, there is currently no study specifically focusing on the predictive factors related to the outcome of the officers’ sentencing process. The present research aims to investigate the factors associated with the different types of decisions rendered by the Deontology Committee of Quebec. A total of 267 hearings were analyzed between the year 2009 and 2013. Logistic regression models are used to predict the outcomes of the sentencing on three levels: (1) the determination of guilt, (2) the decision on the sanction, and (3) the severity of the sanction (short- or long-term sanction). The factors used in the models are legal factors - specific to the nature and the severity of the misconduct - and extralegal factors - related to the complainant’s and officer’s characteristics, the situation and the length of procedures - available in the judgments handed down by the Committee. The analyses in this paper show that the different outcomes are mostly due to the legally relevant factors. On the other hand, some extralegal factors like the officers’ rank have an influence on the determination of guilt. And, some officers’ characteristics like the officers’ rank, sex, police department and the length of procedures tend to influence the outcomes of the sentencing. Thus, the findings show that decisions rendered by the Committee are mostly taken in accordance with its mandate and are legally justifiable. The latter results show that more research is needed concerning the impact of extralegal factors on the outcomes.

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Tulu, Alemayehu Shiferaw. "Evaluating the application of human rights principles in crime investigation in Ethiopia : a case study of the Addis Ababba city police". Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4046.

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In any society the police are organized with the responsibility of keeping peace and order, ensuring the rule of law, justice, prevention of crime as well as protection of human rights. Regardless of the circumstances in which the police find them, they should act towards every human being with a sense of duty and care for human rights; it is the responsibility of the police to conduct the process of arrest, search and seizure according to the law with no neglect of duties. The police are expected to comply with the arrest, search and seizure procedures designed to ensure the protection of human rights. Nevertheless, usually, the task of investigation is vulnerable to human right violation. This is particularly true in the case of the developing countries where the process of democratization is so infant that most of them not only lack the required level of awareness/understanding pertaining to the human right principles but also the necessary institutional mechanisms that contribute to the proper application of human right principles are missing. The report of the Ethiopian Federal Police Inspection Service conducted in the year 2003 indicated that there were some suspects arrested without court warrant and with the existence of reasonable doubt for their guiltiness. Moreover, findings of a research conducted in the same year on certain Addis Ababa sub-city police stations also clearly indicate this fact. The objective of the this research is to evaluate the extent to which crime investigator, who are duty bearers in the Addis Ababa city police, adhere to the human right principles pertaining to the rights of suspected, accused and arrested person that are recognized in pertinent international instruments and enshrined in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) constitution and other related laws of the country while fulfilling their duties and responsibilities throughout the crime investigation process. Specifically the study is also aimed at exploring the form and type of commonly violated human right, if any and the determinant factors behind the respective types of human right violation by crime investigation belong to the Addis Ababa police .Methodologically the study followed and is mainly relied on the qualitative empirical approach to social science research.
Police Practice
M. Tech. (Policing (Investigation))

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Mitchell, Chanaz Anzolette. "The nature of services provided to adult female survivors of abuse at the Lenasia police station". Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1173.

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The research addresses secondary victimization of women reporting abuse at the Lenasia Police Station and reasons why it occurs. In addition, the research also determines if the expectations of the survivors of abuse about the police when reporting abuse are in line with what the Domestic Violence Act stipulates as their duties. To determine this, a sample of survivors reporting abuse was used. A qualitative and quantitative approach to the research was used. Two questionnaires were used for the sample of survivors and for service provides, with an opinion survey with knowledgeable people and a focus group discussion with police. It was found that some women were experiencing victimization by the police and that the survivors' expectations of the police were as stipulated in the Domestic Violence Act. Services provided by service providers were outlined and obstacles preventing police to provide a good service were identified. Recommendations were made.
Social work
MA(SS) (SOCIAL WORK)

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Kidd, Talesa S. "The Role of Ethical Frames and Values on Teacher Interaction with Academic Policies". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7979.

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The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, fundamentally changed the focus of education in the United States from that of providing an opportunity for all to learn to mandating that all do learn. Central to this Act are the measures of school accountability established through assessment of learning policies. The development of these policies initiate with federal, state, and local governance bodies, but implementation takes place by individual teachers. Therefore, the failure of individual teachers to implement assessment policies with fidelity creates a fissure at the core of institutional credibility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between teachers’ values and ethical frames and behavior with respect to academic misconduct. Findings offer clues as to how academic dishonesty might be reduced. There exists a large body of research that has probed academic dishonesty, values and ethical frames; however, there appears to be a void in research that distinctly connects the three. Utilizing a survey instrument, data were collected from elementary teachers (N=155) in one suburban school district. The collected data were then analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tests to inform six research questions. In some incidents, the small sample size produced violations of the assumptions of nonparametric statistical tests, thus hindering deeper analysis of selected data. However, the results in general appeared to support the hypothesis that elementary teachers appeared to engage in academic misconduct. The findings also appeared to suggest misconduct was influenced by social adaptation theory (R2N = .32); organizational socialization (Wald (1) =5.79, p < .05), values (Wald (1) =5.16, p < .05), and ethical frames (Wald (4) =25.22, p < .001). Thus, this study concluded that factors such as collaboration and professional development can possibly be utilized to reduce policy violations.

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