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Almutairi, Talal. "Police-community relationship in Kuwait : public relations perspective". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18469.
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This thesis explores the current police-community relationships in Kuwait where no previous research on this particular topic is known. Therefore, the overall goal of this thesis is to both describe the current relationship between the Kuwaiti police and the community and, based on the results, provide suitable recommendations to help forge and maintain positive relations. In order to accurately illustrate the current relationship, this thesis utilises three major theoretical concepts: the co-creational approach (relational approach and community theory), systems theory, and social exchange theory. Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action (TCA) was also discussed to shed light on the power dynamic of the police-community relationship. Although these theories differ in their approach, they present the public relations approach through a shared focal point – relationships, which is the primary focus of this research. In a qualitative approach, twenty-two participants were interviewed and their answers coded and transcribed. Particular attention was paid to the sampling of interview participants through the use of the qualitative sampling techniques of quota and purposive sampling. In the analysis of data, three themes, Faith, Communitarianism, and Optimism represent an important and special context for the public relations theorist. They contribute to our understanding of public relations in the context of Kuwaiti police-community relations. Furthermore, the relational elements of trust, satisfaction, control mutuality and commitment are integrated with the three aforementioned themes. This analytical framework strengthened the analysis by adding a comparative and universal perspective. The main findings of this research are the key attributes affecting the police- community relationship in Kuwait, such as trust, satisfaction, commitment, control, mutuality, and the worldviews through which the participants regard the police: Faith, Communitarianism, and Optimism. Furthermore, the implication of this thesis goes beyond that of the police-community relationship in that country. It also provides a thorough discussion regarding 1) public relations theory and practice, and 2) a thematic analysis of the Kuwaiti police. This thesis adds to public relations theories as it extends the body of knowledge of public relations to a specific context of police public relations in Kuwait. This will help to round-out existing police PR data, especially by adding a Middle Eastern and Arabic perspective to otherwise Western theories (e.g. relational, community, systems and social exchange). Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates how environmental factors (Kuwaiti history, culture and economics) influence organisation-public relations. This thesis explores an essential area for Kuwaiti police that has not been explored before. Through the investigation of interview data, this thesis provides a snapshot of the current police-community relationship, highlighting important issues that are obstacles to a better police-community relationship. The most salient two are (1) police force behaviour, and (2) the organization's communication style. It is recommended that Kuwaiti police should adapt the community policing approach. This thesis proposes that adapting the community policing approach will help to improve behaviour and communication styles by addressing root issues. This adjustment will require the police organisation to adjust its goals and mission so as to become aligned with that of the community's goals and mission.
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Headley, Andrea Marie. "Understanding the Organizational Factors that Impact Police-Community Relations". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3816.
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There has been a significant amount of attention refocused on problems surrounding police and communities of color. The most consistent remedy identified has been reforming police departments, which is an organizational-level solution. However, only minimal strides have been made in empirical research to understand the organizational correlates associated with police-community relations. Thus, this research investigated the impact that police departments’ organizational and managerial characteristics have on police-community relations.
The key contributions of this research to the literature are three-fold. First, a composite indicator of police-community relations was developed by compiling a large nationwide dataset of local police-departments. This multidimensional indicator includes citizen complaints, police use of force, assaults against police officers, and civilian deaths by police. Second, the role that specific organizational characteristics—community-oriented policing, passive representation, professionalism, and control mechanisms—have on police-community relations was estimated using ordinary least squares regression analyses from over 250 police departments. The findings portrayed that only specific (and very few) organizational and managerial characteristics of police departments impact police-community relations. Specifically, police departments that had formal partnerships with the community, dedicated beat patrol officers, and minority representation were found to have lower levels of use of force. Police departments with higher numbers of officers dedicated to problem-solving activities in the community had lower levels of citizen complaints; in contrast, departments that were more formalized had higher levels of citizen complaints.
Lastly, to understand the causal mechanisms undergirding organizational factors and police-community relations, an in-depth case study was conducted in Hartford, Connecticut. The case study included (a) 88 interviews with police officers, public officials, and community leaders, (b) 67.7 hours of participant observations, and (c) a review of secondary sources. A thematic content analysis of the data underscored the importance of police departments cultivating soft skills, investing in human resources, and being intentional about engaging the community. Specifically, police departments can influence police-community relations by impacting the level and quality of service provision and/or officer attitudes and behavior. Taken as a whole, this study adds to the knowledge base of organizational behavior, public management, and policing studies while also providing implications for policy and practice.
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St, Jean Peter K. B. "An exploratory study of community/police relations in a Caribbean village". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24240.pdf.
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Wooden, Kenneth Ronald. "Have Community Policing Initiatives Changed Police Perceptions of Accountability in Macquarie Fields and have they Led to Better Police-Community Relations?" Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366001.
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In February 2005, riots involving local youth against police erupted in Macquarie Fields following the deaths of two local young men who were in a stolen vehicle being pursued by police. The riots at the time were dismissed by the serving Government, the Opposition, NSWP police management and sections of the media, as merely a handful of young thugs behaving poorly. However, subsequent media coverage, political debate recorded in Hansard, academic literature and the findings of the Standing Committee on Social Issues (2006) revealed discontent amongst some residents concerning the behavior, attitudes and inconsistent actions of Macquarie Fields police. This study, through interviews conducted with government and non-government service providers servicing the Macquarie Fields community and interviews/observations conducted with Macquarie Fields police participants, examined perceptions held by Macquarie Fields police concerning their accountability and partnership with the community. It sought to discover whether police-community programs implemented following the 2005 riots impacted upon police perceptions of accountability to the community and led to improved relations between police and community.
Findings indicated that despite the attempts of Government and police management to improve relations between Macquarie Fields police and community, the relationship remained problematic. Police participants were found to hold variable notions of accountability and partnership towards the community. This combined negatively with the primary crime reduction strategy of ‘stopping searching and moving on’ local youth socializing in public places, which was reported by community service respondents as being conducted by younger inexperienced police in an adversarial manner.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Criminology and Criminal Justice
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
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Lo, Yue-ching Eugenia, i 羅宇正. "Self image and public image of the police in China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44622326.
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Kwan, Kim-fai Adrian. "Cop culture : police socialization in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649798.
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Sanden, Michael Brian. "Juvenile Perceptions of the Police and Police Services". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29328.
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This study examined the impact of four categories of variables (demographics,
neighborhood context variables, contact with the police, and vicarious influence variables)
on juvenile perceptions of the police and police services. Data analyzed in this study were
collected as part of a larger research evaluation that examined the impact of law
enforcement efforts in relation to violent crime. Students from one middle school were
surveyed. Statistical analysis consisted of a series of One-Way ANOVA tests and several
ordinary least squares regression (OLS) models. The study found significant results for
both dependent variables within all four categories of independent variables. Policy
implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
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Kincade, Lolita PhD CFLE PPS. "Perceptions of a Police-Community Divide in Central Alabama". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/secfr-conf/2019/schedule/1.
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Strained relations between law enforcement and the American Black community has long been an issue of grave concern. A greater public light on the deaths of unarmed Blacks has heightened tensions, and increased fear among Black families that they are susceptible to experiencing separation and loss of relatives as a result of police violence. The present study explores existing fear among Black Americans as a socially learned behavior. A qualitative phenomenological approach with a sample of 20 parents representing Black families in Central Alabama was used to examine fear of police violence and separation, as well as perceptions regarding the potential for improved relations. Three overarching themes emerged to explain participant experiences including: Familial Solicitude, Police-Community Collaboration, and Religious Guidance and Adjudication. This research has important implications for policy and practice, and is a strong effort to support Black families and law enforcement agencies in bridging the people-police divide.
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Murphy, Lyndon John. "An analysis of innovation programmes in Wales along a 'hard-soft' policy continuum : a case study approach". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2011. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/an-analysis-of-innovation-programmes-in-wales-along-a-hard--soft-policy-continuum(3294d1c4-e285-439c-bd6f-30526f44add3).html.
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The thesis context is a Welsh innovation policy continuum. The research is primarily located in three innovation programmes representative of innovation policy in Wales. The representative programmes are: the Technium network; Innovation Network Partnership; and Communities First project. The Technium network is considered to be at the hard/tangible end of the policy continuum whilst Communities First is at the softer, more intangible pole of the continuum. The aim of this thesis is to ascertain the influence social capital may have upon levels of innovation across the innovation policy continuum. To achieve the aim, the existence and extent of forms of innovation, forms of social capital, and cooperation and collaboration are considered through a positivist and interpretivist analysis. The resultant data has been further exposed to a correlation analysis, undertaken to ascertain whether or not the presence and form of social capital has an association with forms of innovation. The three programmes each have a pan-Wales presence. The programmes all originate from Welsh Assembly Government innovation policy initiatives between 2001 and 2003. For each programme a case study has been produced. The case studies have been constructed using data from survey, interviews and participant observation. The survey was completed via an on-line questionnaire by representative individuals and groups from each innovation policy continuum programme. Further data was collected by interviews held with individuals representative of roles typically undertaken at each programme. Participant observation undertaken at each programme also informed the creation of the case studies. Literature in this field of study is typically limited to a comparatively narrow investigation of traditionally measured innovation. For social capital and cooperation and collaboration, research usually has a macro scale cynosure. This study has an innovation programme locale in Wales which may be considered unique in terms of innovation and social capital research. ii The findings reveal the existence of forms of innovation, social capital, and cooperation and collaboration at each case study. However, there are differences in terms of the extent of such phenomenon along the innovation policy continuum. For instance, there appears to be an increased likelihood of traditionally measured innovation at the Technium network. Social innovation is more likely to be present at the Communities First project. Similarly, forms of social capital are more likely to be found at Communities First partnerships than at other programmes along the continuum. The correlation analysis applied to the case study survey data discloses a number of, mainly positive statistically significant associations between explanatory social capital, and cooperation and collaboration variables and dependent innovation variables. Propositions resultant of the findings, are likely to be of use to policymakers. For instance, forms of social capital appear to be positively related to traditionally measured, hidden and social innovation. Policymakers considering the design of programmes to boost levels of innovation may be advised to include means of increasing levels of social capital, cooperation and collaboration in their policy and programme proposals and evaluation criteria.
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Flanagan, Brian Francis. "An investigation into the relationship between police effectiveness and citizen satisfaction /". View abstract, 2001. http://library.ccsu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/showit.php3?id=1646.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2001.Thesis advisor: Stephen Cox. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Criminal Justice." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Pilkey, Sunchlar M. R. "The politics of internal security : relations between civilians, the military, and police /". Search "ADA381839" in "Accession number" field, 2000. http://stinet.dtic.mil/str/tr4%5Ffields.html.
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Reis, Roger C. "Community policing is it working? /". Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2959. Typescript. [Abstract] precedes thesis as 1 preliminary leaf. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-69).
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Noe, Allison. "Homelessness and Police Contact". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28502.
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Research regarding the homeless and their interactions with law enforcement is sparse. The current study examines the perceptions homeless men and women have of police officers in the Fargo-Moorhead area. Data for this study was collected via fifty-one semi-structured interviews with guests at three homeless shelters in the Fargo-Moorhead area. Roughly half of those interviewed have a positive opinion of police officers. The results demonstrate that the perceptions of police officers held by those interviewed is based largely on the amount of respect that they receive. If individuals feel they are respected by police officers, their perception is generally more positive. The results also show several of problems expressed by respondents in regards to how they view the homeless are treated by police. A number of policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Hulstrom-Garces, Erika. "Crisis public relations : how law enforcement agencies responded to the sniper attacks of 2002". Scholarly Commons, 2003. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/584.
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Headlines of the sniper attacks were relentless for almost an entire month. During 22 days in October 2002, the snipers' killing spree injured three and killed ten people. The media converged on the story at a non-stop pace, and the public understandably was entitled to be alarmed. High-profile cases such as the sniper attacks draw a large amount of attention and, therefore, can become cases through which professionals and scholars alike can learn. The sniper incident is one such case that provides exceptional research possibilities.
The style and unique dialogue used in news conferences grabbed the attention of the media, the public, and the criminal community. How did law enforcement use public relations to help in its case? What crisis plan did Montgomery County, Maryland, the lead investigating department, implement? The goal of this research was to examine the crisis management plan of law enforcement when tragic situations such as the sniper attacks occur, and further to investigate agenda-setting within law enforcement's media services departments. This research was conducted as a case study, using interviews with public information officers of law enforcement agencies and numerous media reports including newspapers, news magazines, and television news.
Results from this case study revealed that communicating accurate information to both the media and the community in a crisis was a top priority. Additionally, it was shared that the public information officer's role is to be ready and on the scene of crises in order to disseminate precise information. In the sniper attack incident, law enforcement controlled the flow of information and, therefore, set the agenda for the media. Moreover, the Chief of Police, when he realized the enormity of the case, took on the role of spokesperson, because he did not want the PIO to bear the burden of responsibility.
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Hardin, Donal Alfred. "Public-Police Relations: Officers' Interpretations of Citizen Contacts". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1850.
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Perceptual differences in how citizens and police view police-initiated contacts can result in individual and communal tension, mistrust, and social strife, which complicate the relationships needed in order to thrive and promote safe environments. To examine how police officers interpret these contacts, this case study sought to explore the nature of citizen-police relations from the perspective of police officers in a city in the northwest part of the United States. Social contract and procedural justice theories were used to examine the circumstances that officers cited for taking enforcement actions, including operational definitions of police fairness and legitimacy from the Queensland Community Engagement Trial. Data were collected from interviews with 10 officers during police ride-alongs and from departmental data related to officer performance. These data were inductively coded and then analyzed using a naturalistic inquiry approach. Findings suggest that police officers were amenable to creating formal, quasi-contractual agreements between police and citizens based on a shared understanding of how police exercised power and discretion to guide the citizen-police interaction. Participants perceived that, under certain circumstances, explaining police discretion to citizens may decrease the level of community tension police officers experience. These findings support the theoretical constructs of procedural justice and have implications for social contract theory. This type of arrangement encourages positive social change by strengthening the ties with community members, which in turn promotes officer and public safety.
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Thorne-Hamilton, Amber. "THE CINCINNATI COLLABORATIVE AGREEMENT PROCESS: DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1489766617975588.
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Frawley, J. W., University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences i School of Applied Social and Human Sciences. "Country all round : the significance of a community's history for work and workplace education". THESIS_CSHS_ASH_Frawley_J.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/528.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the significance of a Tiwi community's history in order to better understand the work of Aboriginal Community Police Officers (ACPO).The situation under study is a workplace on Bathurst Island in the Northern Territory. The literature on workplace education offers the proposition that an understanding of the socio-cultural and historical context of workplaces is fundamental to thinking about workplace education.It is hypothesised that ACPOs have a dual consciousness of their profession and their workplace, and this consciousness has been informed and shaped by their common history.It is argued that this history is characterised by syncretism. The process of acculturation is researched, where police officers draw on experiences with, and knowledge of, both Tiwi and murrintawi societies.An historical account of the Tiwi society is given.A literary device of vignettes is used, followed by a descriptive-analytical interpretation in which historical events and various social-cultural aspects are described, analysed and interpretedDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Baker, Daniel Brice. "Cultivating Community-Focused Norms in Law Enforcement: Servant Leadership, Accountability Systems, and Officer Attitudes". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1598002684985815.
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Lofca, Izzet O'Connor Brian C. "Respect for human rights and the rise of democratic policing in Turkey adoption and diffusion of the European Union acquis in the Turkish National Police /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3945.
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Westmarland, Louise. "Gender and policing sex, power and police culture /". Cullompton : Willan, 2001. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10306157.
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Boyd, John H. "Leadership in community oriented policing". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1123.
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Els, Deon. "An analysis of community-police partnerships: a case study of the Thornhill policing area". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8617.
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In this case study, an effective community-police partnership in the Thornhill area is described and explored as a function of the successful application of conflict management approaches. The partnership was implemented in a quest to solve the problem of increasing suicides at the Van Stadens Bridge. Indications are that partnership between government agencies and the community have generally failed in democratic South Africa with respect to the education, health and policing sectors. Partnerships between the community and policing system are challenging because the South African Police Service (SAPS) is continuously plagued by incidents of police brutality, police killings and leadership crises.In order to understand the context of the Thornhill community-police partnership and establish if the operation of the partnership is successful, a wide-ranging conflict management approach is taken to evaluate the partnership. The literature review includes the history of conflict in SA, SAPS and Community Policing, leadership in conflict management, theories of social conflict, and suicidology.
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KADLECK, COLLEEN. "POLICE UNIONS: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin997187643.
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De, Man Caroline. "Interactions entre policiers et population dans l'espace public: des ajustements du cadre de l'expérience policière aux routines d'interactions ordinaires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209118.
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Notre thèse porte sur les interactions entre policiers et population et plus particulièrement sur l’expérience policière des pratiques interactionnelles par lesquelles les policiers et la population coordonnent leurs activités dans l’espace public, aussi dans une dimension fortuite et éventuellement non problématique.Inscrite dans une perspective inductive et compréhensive, notre analyse se fonde sur un matériau récolté en recourant aux techniques d’observation in situ et d’entretiens informels. Les policiers qui font l’objet de cette étude appartiennent à deux groupes a priori différents dans la police locale en région bruxelloise :d’une part, les policiers patrouilleurs dont le référentiel professionnel s’inscrit dans le modèle de police traditionnel, et d’autre part, les inspecteurs de quartier dont le référentiel doit s’inspirer du modèle de police de proximité. Ce processus de recherche articulé autour d’une immersion de type ethnographique en milieu policier repose également sur la dimension réflexive de l’engagement du chercheur, ce dont nous rendons aussi compte dans notre travail.
Notre analyse des routines d’interactions des policiers et de la population s’appuie sur la sociologie de Goffman (1973, 1974, 1991). Sa théorisation des cadres sociaux nous a soutenu dans l’élaborons des outils « cadre policier » et « cadre ordinaire » pour référer aux routines d’interactions que nous distinguons. L’analyse de ces interactions s’inscrit dans la diachronie des rencontres observées. Plus concrètement, entre la première séquence de coprésence et la dernière dédiée à la séparation des participants, l’analyse porte successivement sur l’entrée en contact, les formes de la rencontre, les changements de lieux et l’imprévisibilité qui caractérisent ces interactions. Les modalités de la mise en œuvre des routines policières d’interactions révèlent alors les caractéristiques du cadre policier.
Celui-ci se manifeste à travers différents ajustements au contact du cadre ordinaire. Les attentes et les pratiques des policiers en interaction s’adaptent aux attentes et aux pratiques de la population et ce dans une relative flexibilité. Le cadre policier emboîte, tolère ou simule le cadre ordinaire. Il peut aussi faiblir devant lui ou s’imposer à lui à moins qu’in fine le cadre policier ne résiste. Toutefois cette flexibilité connaît des limites et des conditions défavorables, voire extrêmes quand les policiers sont dans l’impossibilité de mettre en œuvre le cadre policier qui dès lors ce rompt. La violence des pratiques policières est une manifestation de la rupture du cadre policier. Par ailleurs, la flexibilité du cadre policier est restreinte dans les lieux policiers tels que la voiture de patrouille et le commissariat où les procédures formelles limitent l’autonomie des policiers. En contraste, l’espace public se présente comme le lieu qui réunit les conditions soutenant la plus grande variété d’ajustements du cadre policier au cadre ordinaire, jusqu’à rendre possible des rencontres « heureuses » et spontanées.
Au terme de cette analyse, nos résultats participent de façon innovante aux discussions en sociologie policière. Car, au-delà des traditionnelles divergences entre les métiers de policier patrouilleur et de quartier, nous soulignons leurs similitudes quand leurs routines d’interactions tendent à intégrer celles de la population tout en poursuivant les objectifs institutionnels. La reconnaissance de l’engagement de la population se présente alors comme un déterminant de l’activité policière qui est davantage de nature à la soutenir qu’à la restreindre.
Doctorat en Criminologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Mohler, Megan Elizabeth. "Policing in an Era of Sousveillance: the Influence of Video Footage on Perceptions of Legitimacy". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3678.
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The current climate surrounding the police in the United States could be described as strenuous. This is large in part due to certain shifts in technology and news disbursement; citizens now have the ability to record and share police-citizen encounters. Certain controversial events have been captured and undoubtedly have contributed to a growing mistrust towards the police, evident by the development of movements for police reform. Within the field of criminology, perception of police legitimacy has been a long studied concept. Research has shown that when the police are viewed as legitimate, the public is more likely to cooperate and comply. Thus, the possible decrease in the public's legitimacy perceptions of the police is deeply concerning.
In this study, a randomized experiment was employed to measure the influence of video footage of police-citizen interactions on individual's legitimacy perceptions. Participants were randomly selected to watch videos that showed the police acting in ways that were either positive, negative, or neutral. Legitimacy perceptions were measured before and after exposure to the videos. Analysis of the pre-test and post-test scores showed the videos did influence perceptions: negative videos had the largest influence and significantly decreased perceptions, whereas, positive and neutral videos both significantly increased legitimacy perceptions. The results of this study holds implications for both the police and the public.
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Kennedy, Michael Hartley. "Progressing towards conservatism a gramscian challenge to the conceptualisation of class, agency, corruption and reform in 'progressive' analyses of policing /". View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/27746.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004."A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" "November 2004" Bibliography: p. 260-356.
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Pala, Erkan. "Community policing and young people : a critical insight into young people's perceptions in Leicester". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21108.
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The repercussions associated with young people's exclusion from policing can be detrimental. The police will lack a basic understanding of young people s problems, needs and expectations. In these situations, young people will be less inclined to report crimes and their own victimisation to the police, provide intelligence, and participate in the criminal justice system. This study is intended to provide a critical appraisal of young people s perceptions of Police and Community Support Officers (PCSOs) and community policing in Leicester, in an effort to delineate the implications of their exclusion from local policing and crime related issues. Community policing is a well-known policing philosophy, particularly for repairing police public relations through engagement and problem solving. The findings demonstrate that despite the fundamental benefits associated with community policing, conventional methods of engagement and problem solving have failed to reach out to young people who are, nevertheless, particularly enthusiastic about collaborating with the police. However, whilst the vast majority of young people are positive about getting involved in policing, there are important variations within young people in their perceptions and attitudes towards the police. Young ethnic minorities in general, blacks in particular, were passive and reluctant to collaborate with the police due to their experiences of stop and search and other repercussion associated with the law enforcement style of policing. A lot of these problems can be subsided by diverting police resources to community policing, but there are going to be strong financial, organisational and cultural challenges.
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Belvedere, Kimberly Joy. "Why do they resist? Exploring dynamics of police-citizen violence during arrest encounters". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2177.
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This study seeks to identify a relationship between Rational Choice/Classical thought and resisting arrest among criminal offenders. It seeks also to fill the gap that currently exists with regard to the effects of situational dynamics and police-citizen violence.
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Gumbhir, Vikas Kumar. "Racial profiling in Eugene, Oregon : a case study in race, community, and law enforcement /". view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181102.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-324). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Derfoufi, Zin. "The impact of elected Police and Crime Commissioners in England and Wales on police-black and ethic minority community relations, with specific reference to stop and search". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/94291/.
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Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) are hailed as one of the greatest constitutional reforms of the police in modern times and were elected in 2012 in a blaze of controversy. Whilst some claim these powerful actors can ensure policing is more responsive to local priorities, others claim that PCCs will undermine democratic police accountability by encouraging populism and inequalities, and become too close to their chief constables to ensure that they are more robustly held to account. This thesis investigates whether PCCs have improved local police accountability through a mixed-methods study of how police-initiated stops are governed in three PCC areas, using interviews, observations, and statistical and documentary analysis. As such, it is one of the first empirical studies to explore this new model of police governance, certainly in relation to the operation of police powers. Research suggests that police-initiated stops are a flash-point in relations with ethnic minority communities, are disproportionately used against them, and has reduced perceptions of police legitimacy. Despite this, their use has grown exponentially and, as this thesis argues, is exemplary of a democratic deficit in local police accountability whereby police officers have become more responsive to national government in exercising their powers rather than local priorities. Unexpectedly, stop and search became heavily politicised during the fieldwork, resulting in improved governance and dramatic reductions in their use. The findings suggest that this was due to national developments, thus indicating that although police powers are amenable to external influence, their governance remains highly centralised. However, chief officers remain powerful in determining whether any reforms are implemented locally. Despite potential controversies, PCCs have been able to influence various operational practices but appear too hesitant to risk this for 'minority issues' like police-initiated stops, thus undermining their own capacity to enhance local democratic police accountability.
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Hulstrom-Garces, Erika. "Crisis public relations : how law enforcement agencies responded to the sniper attacks of 2002 : a thesis". Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/584.
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Headlines of the sniper attacks were relentless for almost an entire month. During 22 days in October 2002, the snipers' killing spree injured three and killed ten people. The media converged on the story at a non-stop pace, and the public understandably was entitled to be alarmed. High-profile cases such as the sniper attacks draw a large amount of attention and, therefore, can become cases through which professionals and scholars alike can learn. The sniper incident is one such case that provides exceptional research possibilities.
The style and unique dialogue used in news conferences grabbed the attention of the media, the public, and the criminal community. How did law enforcement use public relations to help in its case? What crisis plan did Montgomery County, Maryland, the lead investigating department, implement? The goal of this research was to examine the crisis management plan of law enforcement when tragic situations such as the sniper attacks occur, and further to investigate agenda-setting within law enforcement's media services departments. This research was conducted as a case study, using interviews with public information officers of law enforcement agencies and numerous media reports including newspapers, news magazines, and television news.
Results from this case study revealed that communicating accurate information to both the media and the community in a crisis was a top priority. Additionally, it was shared that the public information officer's role is to be ready and on the scene of crises in order to disseminate precise information. In the sniper attack incident, law enforcement controlled the flow of information and, therefore, set the agenda for the media. Moreover, the Chief of Police, when he realized the enormity of the case, took on the role of spokesperson, because he did not want the PIO to bear the burden of responsibility.
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Znamenak, Kyle. "Warriors, Guardians or Both: A Grounded Theory Approach of Exploring the Development of Patrol Officers in Urban Community Relations". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1606826238819559.
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Miles, Wayne Everett. "The move to community oriented policing and problem solving: The community as partners for progress". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1530.
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Kwan, Kim-fai Adrian, i 關劍輝. "Cop culture: police socialization in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978071.
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Kenck-Crispin, Douglas Jon. "Charles A. Moose: Race, Community Policing, and Portland's First African American Police Chief". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3412.
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In 1993, Charles Moose became Portland, Oregon's first black police chief. A nationally recognized student of the developing theories of community policing, Chief Moose's promotion was also hoped to help strengthen the diversity of the Portland Police Bureau. Ultimately, Portlanders were unable to look past Moose's public outbursts and demeanor and recognize his accomplishments. As a city, they missed an opportunity.
This thesis uses transcripts of speeches and policy papers to present some political history to the reader, but also letters to the mayor's office, letters to the editor and the like to consider the social history of 1990's Portland. Some specific touchpoints of Moose's administration are considered, including when he and his wife Sandy moved to the King Neighborhood, the Daniel Binns birthday party and the resulting march on Moose's home, his outburst at the City Council, and other examples of his legendary anger. Moose's role in gentrification, and the policies he created for the Portland Police Bureau to lead that charge will not be ignored. All the while, the context of Oregon's racist heritage is forefront in this paper.
By 1999, Charles Moose had left the bureau and accepted a job in Maryland. He was selected for many of the accomplishments that the Portland public had criticized him for. Ultimately, this study will show that Portland missed an opportunity to discuss how they wanted to be policed, and what philosophies they wanted their enforcers to personify.
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Frawley, J. W. "Country all round : the significance of a community's history for work and workplace education". Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/528.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the significance of a Tiwi community's history in order to better understand the work of Aboriginal Community Police Officers (ACPO).The situation under study is a workplace on Bathurst Island in the Northern Territory. The literature on workplace education offers the proposition that an understanding of the socio-cultural and historical context of workplaces is fundamental to thinking about workplace education.It is hypothesised that ACPOs have a dual consciousness of their profession and their workplace, and this consciousness has been informed and shaped by their common history.It is argued that this history is characterised by syncretism. The process of acculturation is researched, where police officers draw on experiences with, and knowledge of, both Tiwi and murrintawi societies.An historical account of the Tiwi society is given.A literary device of vignettes is used, followed by a descriptive-analytical interpretation in which historical events and various social-cultural aspects are described, analysed and interpreted
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McGovern, Alyce M. "Policing media : controlling representations of the New South Wales Police Force". Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/43816.
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In recent decades the way in which the police communicate with the media, and in turn the public, has become increasingly important. Media relations offices, and police media units, have become a prominent feature of police departments both in Australia and internationally, as a formal means by which police can manage their interface with the media. This thesis, consequently, aims to uncover the role of Police Media Units within policing departments in Australia, specifically examining the New South Wales Police Media Unit (NSW PMU), focusing on two broad research questions. Firstly, the thesis aims to explore how, and under what conditions, the NSW PMU came into formation. The second question pertains to what role the NSW PMU plays in mediating the police-media relationship and the processes creating public perceptions of policing. Within these two overarching questions, there are a number of other questions the thesis asks around the shifts in function and practices of the NSW PMU, the role of the NSW PMU in the police-media relationship and how the PMU may have altered these relations, and the broader social and political context overall. Taking a critical constructivist approach, the thesis presents a critical qualitative enquiry of police media relations and the growth of PMUs in NSW through the use of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and a documentary analysis of the background of the NSW PMU. The research indicates that police-media relationships are complex, multidimensional and symbiotic; and even more so since the introduction of PMUs within policing agencies. Furthermore, these PMUs have changed the scope of these relationships, as well as the ways in which information is dealt with in the police-media interface. PMUs are thus not only representative of a “culture of control‟ (Garland 2001) that exists within policing organisations, but they are also indicative of a broader system of governance operating throughout the public sector. This culture manifests in a number of ways. The thesis explores this in relation to the police-media relationship and the place of PMUs within this relationship, looking at both the micro and macro level of theorising.
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Kavgaci, Halil Ibrahim. "The development of police/community relations initiatives in England and Wales post Scarman and their relevance to policing policy in Turkey". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35276.
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The primary concern of this thesis is to examine changes in policing practice with reference to police/public relations in England and Wales in the light of evidence of a deterioration of the relationships between the police and the public. The secondary aim is to examine the implications for policing policy in Turkey of the lessons learned from the experience of such experiments and changes in the development of policing policy in England and Wales. The thesis argues that a community-based model of policing is the ideal for policing of modern liberal democratic societies; and community policing practices are transferable to countries striving to develop modern democratic systems such as Turkey. The thesis assesses the prognosis for the achievement of this ideal in both countries. It emphasises that community policing has become the new orthodoxy for the police in England and Wales, as well as in other countries around the world. Although the movement's philosophies and practices are spreading rapidly, much of the debate is carried out at a rhetorical level and little is known about the range of ongoing activities, the components of these experimental initiatives, the problems and challenges encountered, and the level of success in achieving objectives. There are fundamental differences in the historical development and political position of the police forces in these two countries. However, police services are under pressure from diverse interests and constituencies to change their styles of policing in order to secure legitimate law enforcement in the light of rapid social change. The reasons for this pressure for change will be examined in both countries. Firstly, the British experience will be analysed notably with reference to the historical antecedents which secured a broad legitimacy for a consensual style of policing which it may be argued is in existence despite serious outbreaks of urban disorder. However, the thesis shows that the gulf between the police and some sections of the community is widening, resulting in a substantial proportion (notably of the black population) lacking confidence and trust in the police. Interest has also focused on the apparent failure of some police forces to control crime. Secondly, the history of the current Turkish police tradition is analysed and rationales for change explained with fluctuations in police/public legitimacy traced and accounted for. Pressure for change to enhance police legitimacy and public relations is identified and the possibility of lessons being learned from the British experience assessed, notably with reference to initiatives to present the police as a service to communities. The thesis concludes that, both for England and Wales and Turkey, the success of community policing initiatives is heavily dependent on the commitment and participation of both sides, the police and the community in both countries.
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McGovern, Alyce M. "Policing media controlling representations of the New South Wales Police Force /". View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/43816.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Social Sciences, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosphy. Includes bibliographies.
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Alston, Aurelia Terese. "The Force of Manhood: the Consequences of Masculinity Threat on Police Officer Use of Force". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3532.
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Positive community-police relations, which are based on mutual trust, are key to equitable and just policing. Use of force that is perceived as unfair and biased can quickly undermine relations between the police and the public. In an attempt to understand what psychological factors contribute to police use of force decisions and potentially racially biased use of force application, this study proposed masculinity threat as an important psychological factor that influences police behavior. Masculinity threat occurs when a man's status as a man is threatened, and threats to masculinity are often associated with increased aggression and dominance as a way of restoring the threatened status. Policing is a male-dominated field, and because most victims of officer use of force are men, the current research examines how threats to male police officers' masculinity, including verbal and physical manifestations of threat, contribute to officer force against civilians. Past research has explored how high levels of trait masculinity threat (as measured by the Male Gender Role Stress scale; Goff, Martin, & Gamson-Smiedt, 2012) in police officers is associated with higher levels of force against racial minority suspects, however, no such research has examined state level masculinity threat (e.g., in the moment threats) as they occur in real world police-suspect interactions. Focusing on understanding the associations between use of force and state level masculinity threat, it was predicted that officers who have their masculinity explicitly and publicly threatened by male suspects will use more force against suspects compared to interactions where no such masculinity threat has occurred. It was also predicted that minority suspects who threaten officers' masculinity will receive more force than White suspects. To test these hypotheses, reporting officers' (RO) narratives of use of force interactions (excluding lethal force) from a large police department on the West Coast were coded and analyzed. Contrary to the hypotheses, results suggest that masculinity threat within an officer-suspect interaction may relate to lower levels of average officer force and higher number of sequences (e.g., back and forth exchanges) between suspect and officer. While results are in the opposite direction of the hypotheses, they provide new information regarding the association between personal threats to officer manhood and their subsequent actions. Specifically, results suggest that masculinity threat has a more complicated relationship with force than previously predicted and future research would do well to investigate a potential interaction effect of trait level and state level masculinity on police use of force decisions. Several other areas of further research are outlined, such as the need to examine other suspect-level and officer-level variables such as age and tenure. Overall, the results of this study suggest the need for continued clarifying research.
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Snoodgrass, Anthony Michael. "Overcoming communications barriers in local government: Establishing networks through the public management forum". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/618.
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Pessoa, Cavalcanti Roxana. "'Over, under and through the walls' : the dynamics of public security, police-community relations and the limits of managerialism in crime control in Recife, Brazil". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/over-under-and-through-the-walls(559204ed-50fb-448c-9372-d17c86f8bf16).html.
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This dissertation contributes to Brazilian public security studies from the perspective of critical criminology. It examines public experiences of insecurity and the social impacts of security programmes that aim to address violence in one Brazilian city: Recife. Between 1982 and 2007, Recife had one of the highest homicide rates in Brazil. Between 2008 and 2012, homicide rates declined in Recife in tandem with the implementation of a public security intervention entitled Pacto pela Vida or Pact for Life (PPV). However, few studies have examined this programme, the relations between urban marginalised communities and the public security system in Recife, or how the daily experiences of the urban poor in Recife are affected by violence and public security provision. This dissertation addresses this gap in the literature drawing on ethnographic methods to examine existing interactions between residents of lowincome communities and institutions of the public security system, especially the police and the prison. The research is based on data gathered through interviews, observations, focus groups and secondary sources, such as official data about levels of incarceration and homicide. It poses questions about the social effects of existing security policies, arguing that the emulation of mainstream criminological theories of crime control from the Global North produces large-scale perverse effects in the context of countries of the Global South. The findings are based on interviews with the police and data gathered in two low-income communities, one of which is located around a large prison. The data show that managerial police reforms and security programmes have not addressed long-standing issues of sexism, racism, classism and brutalising training in the police force. Moreover, through the increasing use of policing and hyper-incarceration as methods of crime control, security programmes have failed to inhibit diverse forms of violent and organised crime and exacerbated existing inequalities affecting the most marginalised populations.
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Cavalcanti, Roxana Pessoa. "'Over, under and through the walls' : the dynamics of public security, police-community relations and the limits of managerialism in crime control in Recife, Brazil". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/18353/.
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This dissertation contributes to Brazilian public security studies from the perspective of critical criminology. It examines public experiences of insecurity and the social impacts of security programmes that aim to address violence in one Brazilian city: Recife. Between 1982 and 2007, Recife had one of the highest homicide rates in Brazil. Between 2008 and 2012, homicide rates declined in Recife in tandem with the implementation of a public security intervention entitled Pacto pela Vida or Pact for Life (PPV). However, few studies have examined this programme, the relations between urban marginalised communities and the public security system in Recife, or how the daily experiences of the urban poor in Recife are affected by violence and public security provision. This dissertation addresses this gap in the literature drawing on ethnographic methods to examine existing interactions between residents of low-income communities and institutions of the public security system, especially the police and the prison. The research is based on data gathered through interviews, observations, focus groups and secondary sources, such as official data about levels of incarceration and homicide. It poses questions about the social effects of existing security policies, arguing that the emulation of mainstream criminological theories of crime control from the Global North produces large-scale perverse effects in the context of countries of the Global South. The findings are based on interviews with the police and data gathered in two low-income communities, one of which is located around a large prison. The data show that managerial police reforms and security programmes have not addressed long-standing issues of sexism, racism, classism and brutalising training in the police force. Moreover, through the increasing use of policing and hyper-incarceration as methods of crime control, security programmes have failed to inhibit diverse forms of violent and organised crime and exacerbated existing inequalities affecting the most marginalised populations.
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Frawley, J. W. "Country all round : the significance of a community's history for work and workplace education /". View thesis View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030416.131433/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2001."A thesis submitted in the School of Applied Social and Health Sciences at the University of Western Sydney (Nepean) for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, February 2001" Bibliography : leaves 327-343.
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Retief, Rita Theresa. "Police officers' experiences of policing domestic violence in the Western Cape Province". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85678.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Domestic violence is one of the most prevalent forms of violence that police officials encounter on a daily basis. The effects of domestic violence are far-reaching and long-lasting. Globally, the police function as “gatekeepers” in terms of domestic violence victims’ access to the criminal justice system. Intervening in domestic violence has become a controversial process, as domestic violence is a very complex issue, which has been compounded by misunderstandings, stereotyping and myths. Since 1998, police officials in the South African Police Service (SAPS) are expected to promote redress and prevent crimes against women and children through multifaceted approaches, including the building of trust between police officials and citizens. Research reports indicate that victims of domestic violence are hesitant to approach SAPS for assistance, for various reasons. Police officers’ personal experiences of policing domestic violence are however largely unexplored. Consequently, the goal of this research was to gain insight into the experiences and perceptions of frontline police officials, who have to provide maximum protection to victims of domestic abuse in terms of the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, a combination approach was followed, in which the qualitative research approach dominated and the quantitative approach was applied to a lesser degree. An exploratory study guided by a literature review and a phenomenological approach was conducted at seven (7) police stations in the Western Cape Province. Twenty-eight (28) frontline police officials’ subjective experiences and perceptions of their policing of domestic violence were determined through in-depth interviews based on a questionnaire. Data were analysed by means of thematic analysis, and presented as narratives focusing on four major themes relating to the phenomenon under investigation. The conclusions drawn from the study indicated that the pervasive police culture, lack of insight by some police officials, and their continuous adherence to an outdated concept of domestic violence contribute to the weakening implementation of current domestic violence legislation, leaving police officials frustrated, hopeless and powerless to effect real change. The overall finding of the study is that, in practice, little has changed because of inconsistencies in the actions of the police and society as a whole in rejecting and condemning the brutalisation and intimidation of women and children. What is most unfortunate, however, is that SAPS has yet to accord the same weight to domestic violence in practice as it does to other violent crimes. In order for law enforcement to be effective, law reforms need to be accompanied by fundamental changes in attitudes, values and behaviours on the part of SAPS and all relevant role players, including the communities SAPS serves. The study concludes with recommendations on how to improve police officials’ ability to provide maximum protection to victims of domestic violence, as well as to provide programme developers and policy makers in SAPS with information on which to base policy decisions regarding training interventions and national instructions aimed at the policing of domestic violence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huishoudelike geweld is een van die algemeenste vorme van geweld wat polisiebeamptes daagliks teëkom. Die gevolge van huishoudelike geweld is verreikend en langdurig. Wêreldwyd dien die polisie as “hekwagters” wat slagoffers van huishoudelike geweld se toegang tot die strafregstelsel betref. Ingryping in huishoudelike geweld is deesdae ’n omstrede proses, want huishoudelike geweld is ’n uiters komplekse saak wat deur misverstande, stereotipering en mites vererger word. Sedert 1998 word daar van polisiebeamptes in die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens (SAPD) verwag om deur middel van meervlakkige benaderings, onder meer die opbou van vertroue tussen polisiebeamptes en burgers, herstel te bevorder en misdaad teen vroue en kinders te voorkom. Navorsingsverslae toon dat die slagoffers van huishoudelike geweld om verskeie redes huiwerig is om die SAPD om hulp te nader. Tog is navorsing oor polisiebeamptes se persoonlike ervarings van die polisiëring van huishoudelike geweld baie skaars. Hierdie navorsing was dus daarop toegespits om insig te bekom in die ervarings en opvattings van frontlinie-polisiebeamptes, wat ingevolge die Wet op Huishoudelike Geweld 116 van 1998 maksimum beskerming aan slagoffers van huishoudelike geweld moet bied. Om die doel en oogmerke van die studie te bereik, is ’n kombinasie benadering gevolg waarin die kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering hoofsaaklik, en die kwantitatiewe benadering in ’n mindere mate, toegepas is. ’n Ondersoekende studie is aan die hand van ’n literatuuroorsig en ’n fenomenologiese benadering by sewe (7) polisiestasies in die provinsie Wes-Kaap onderneem. Agten- twintig (28) frontlinie-polisiebeamptes se subjektiewe ervarings van, en opvattings oor, hul polisiëring van huishoudelike geweld is deur middel van diepte-onderhoude op grond van ’n vraelys bepaal. Data is met behulp van tematiese analise ontleed en word aangebied as narratiewe wat oor vier hooftemas met betrekking tot die studieonderwerp handel. Die gevolgtrekkings van die studie doen aan die hand dat die heersende polisiekultuur, sommige polisiebeamptes se gebrek aan insig, en hul voortgesette navolging van ’n verouderde konsep van huishoudelike geweld tot die al hoe swakker toepassing van huidige wetgewing oor huishoudelike geweld lei. Dít laat polisiebeamptes gefrustreerd, moedeloos en magteloos om werklike verandering teweeg te bring. Die algehele bevinding van die studie is dat weinig in die praktyk verander het weens teenstrydigheid in die optrede van die polisie en die samelewing in die geheel om geweld en intimidasie teenoor vroue en kinders te verwerp en te veroordeel. Straks méér betreurenswaardig is dat die SAPD nog nie in die praktyk dieselfde gewig aan huishoudelike geweld as aan ander geweldsmisdade heg nie. Wetstoepassing sal slegs doeltreffend wees indien regshervorming gepaardgaan met grondliggende veranderinge in houdings, waardes en gedrag deur die SAPD en alle tersaaklike rolspelers, met inbegrip van die gemeenskappe wat deur die SAPD bedien word. Die studie sluit af met aanbevelings oor hoe polisiebeamptes beter in staat gestel kan word om maksimum beskerming aan die slagoffers van huishoudelike geweld te bied, en oor die bemagtiging van programontwikkelaars en beleidskrywers in die SAPD met inligting as grondslag vir beleidsbesluite oor opleidingsintervensies en nasionale instruksies rakende die polisiëring van huishoudelike geweld.
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Brereton, Catherine Margaret. "Mapping Grahamstown's security governance network : prospects and problems for democratic policing". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006323.
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The security of its citizens is often regarded as the democratic state's primary raison d'etre. However, with increasing crime and perceptions of insecurity among citizens, along with actual and perceived state policing inadequacies, citizens around the world have sought to make alternative arrangements for their security. The explosion of private alternatives to state policing has resulted in the need for the replacement of former static definitions of policing by more fluid understandings of what policing entails. Policing is no longer an activity undertaken exclusively by the 'state police.' Policing needs to be understood within a framework which recognises the existence of a variety of state, commercial, community groups and individuals which exist within loose and sometimes informal, sometimes formal, networks to provide for the security of citizens. Preceding the country's transition to democracy in 1994 'state' policing in South Africa was aimed at monitoring and suppressing the black population and as a result it conducted itself in a largely militaristic way. When the government of national unity assumed power in 1994 it was indisputable that the South African Police had to undergo major reform if it was to play an effective, co-operative and accountable role in a democratic South Africa. While state policing has unquestionably undergone enormous changes since the advent of democracy in 1994, so too has non-state policing. It is widely accepted that the dividing line between state and non-state policing in South Africa is increasingly blurred. Policing, by its very nature, holds the potential to threaten democracy. Consequently it is important that policing is democratically controlled. According to the Law Commission of Canada four values and principles - justice, equality, accountability, and efficiency - should support policing in a democracy. This thesis is a case study of policing in Grahamstown, a small city in South Africa's Eastern Cape province. It will be shown that the policing problem that currently plagues Grahamstown, and by extension South Africa, is not simply the result of a shortage of providers but rather a problem of co-coordinating and monitoring security governance to ensure that the city does not further develop into a society where the wealthy have greater access to security than the poor.
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Lofca, Izzet. "Respect for human rights and the rise of democratic policing in Turkey: Adoption and diffusion of the European Union acquis in the Turkish National Police". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3945/.
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This study is an exploration of the European Union acquis adoption in the Turkish National Police. The research employed the Diffusion of Innovations, Democratic Policing, and historical background check theoretical frameworks to study the decision-making of the TNP regarding reforms after 2003 as a qualitative case study which triangulated the methodology with less-dominant survey and several other analyzing methods. The data were collected from several sources including semi-structured interviews, archival records, documentary evidences and the European Commission Regular Reports on Turkey. The research interest was about the decision mechanisms of the TNP towards reforms and the rise of democratic policing in Turkey. During the study, internationally recognized human rights standards were given attention. As the data suggested, the police forces are shaped according to their ruling governments and societies. It is impossible to find a totally democratic police in a violent society and a totally violent police in a democratic society. The study findings suggested that reforming police agencies should not be a significant problem for determined governments. Human rights violations should not be directly related with the police in any country. The data suggested that democratic policing applications find common application when the democracy gets powerful and police brutality increases when authoritarian governments stays in power. Democratic policing on the other hand is an excellent tool to improve notion of democracy and to provide legitimacy to governments. However, democratic policing is not a tool to bring the democracy, but a support mechanism for it.
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Barbosa, Alisson Gonçalves. "O povo, os juízes e a polícia : histórias de abuso de poder policial na Bahia 1900-1920". Pós-Graduação em História, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5644.
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This study aims to analyze actions of conduct by law enforcement authorities against segments of the Bahian population between the years 1900 and 1920, besides highlighting the different forms of reaction against these same practices that society considered abusive. For this it was necessary to understand the universe of police activity, observing their daily actions to combat crime, and show under what conditions was done police work and what it meant to be a cop, both economically, and socially in the period investigated. The soldiers crowded the ranks of the corporation had a popular origin, which meant that the agents can order carregassem habits and customs that often clashed with the ideals of modernity and civility rendered by the ruling classes of the time.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar ações de conduta por parte das autoridades policiais contra seguimentos da população baiana, entre os anos de 1900 e 1920, além de evidenciar as diferentes formas de reação contra essas mesmas práticas que a sociedade considerava abusivas. Para isso, foi necessário compreender o universo da atividade policial, observando suas ações cotidianas de combate à criminalidade, bem como mostrar sobre quais condições era feito o trabalho policial e o que significava ser policial, tanto do ponto de vista econômico, quanto social no período investigado. Os soldados lotados nas fileiras da corporação possuíam uma origem popular, a qual fazia com que os agentes da ordem carregassem consigo hábitos e costumes que, muitas vezes, se chocavam com os ideais de modernidade e civilidade proferidos pelas classes dominantes da época.
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Jansen, Van Vuuren Henk Riaan. "The influence of procedural, distributive and interactional justice on organisational citizenship behaviour among employees at the SAPS academy, Paarl". Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/455.
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M. Tech. (Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of TechnologyKeywords: organisational justice, procedural justice, distributive justice, interactional justice, organisational citizenship behaviour. The purpose of this study is to investigate employees’ perceptions of organisational justice and their effects on organisational citizenship behaviour. This study advocates that the way employees perceive organisational justice affects their organisational citizenship behaviour in their current organisation. The fact that employees play a central role in the realisation of an organisation’s goals makes it critical for any organisation to have employees who are willing to go beyond what is required of them. In this study, a quantitative research paradigm and an exploratory research method were used to investigate a sample size of 226 employees working at the SAPS Academy, Paarl. In order to minimise the study bias, systematic sampling was used to ensure that the sample accurately reflected the larger population (N=457). Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and the results of the correlation analysis revealed that all three dimensions of organisational justice are significantly and positively related to organisational citizenship behaviour. Organisational justice also showed a strong predictive relationship with organisational citizenship behaviour. Based on the findings of the empirical survey, it was revealed that if organisational justice practices are implemented appropriately, employees holding key positions may be likely to display more organisational citizenship behaviours. Therefore, it was recommended that, to address negative perceptions of organisational justice, a strategy should be formulated to ensure that employees are treated fairly in terms of the dimensions of organisational justice. It was also recommended that when developing and implementing such a strategy, barriers should be addressed that could: influence the availability of accurate and complete information for decision making; and influence the dissemination of information pertaining to job decisions. It is further recommended that rewards programmes be reviewed to ensure that employees will experience fairness when comparing their own payoffs with those of fellow employees and perceive just distributive justice practices. vii The study concludes by recommending that a “Code of good practice – communication policy” be developed that would enable the displaying of social sensitivity and dignified, respectful and acceptable behaviour by employees in a managerial position towards their subordinates. The findings and recommendations of this study are important to employers as they provide crucial information regarding the types of activities organisations could engage in for employees to consider them as acceptable organisational justice practices. Such involvement in acceptable organisational justice activities can improve employees’ organisational citizenship behaviour and reinforce effective and efficient service delivery in their current organisation. The implications for future research indicate that a comparative study testing the differences between different groups based on certain biographical traits, such as gender, marital status, age, educational level, income and length of service in the South African Police Service, is advisable as it would assist in determining how such biographical traits might influence the various dimensions of organisational justice. Furthermore, the study could also be expanded to include a broader national sample within the Division: Human Resource Development and other divisions within the South African Police Service.
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Baloyi, Nyiketani Jackson. "An evaluation of the impact of community participation and multi-organisational partnerships on the implementation of sector policing in the rural areas of the Limpopo Province". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80340.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sector Policing is understood to be a relatively new community-based policing approach that finds its initial mandate in the National Instruction 3 of 2009, of the South African Police Service (SAPS). This said National Instruction states that community participation and partnership policing can be promoted through Sector Policing. The mandate for the implementation of the principle of Sector Policing also flows from section 205 (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The significant part of this study is that it provoked an interest in Sector Policing, both within the SAPS and the community; and it attracted a large number of participants. The IAP2 Public Participation Model regarding community participation as discussed by Theron, Ceaser and Davids (2007:8), adapted from the International Association for Public Participation (2007) can play an important role in the implementation of Sector Policing. Sector Policing has been found to fail where there is no community participation or multi-organisational partnerships. The study focused on the Limpopo Province in order to encourage the effective implementation of Sector Policing in rural areas. The study targeted twelve (12) stations out of ninety five (95) police stations found in all the five (5) districts of the Limpopo Province in order to cover a wider policing spectrum, and ensure a representative sample. The study has found that Sector Policing could be better implemented if the project management approach can be adopted in order to carry out work in terms of timeframes, and ensure monitoring as demonstrated in Chapter 5 (Figure 5.2). The study recommended the introduction of implementation teams to oversee the implementation of Sector Policing at provincial, cluster and station levels. A quarterly multi-organisational forum has been proposed to ensure sustainable community participation. Community participation in policing is entrenched in sections 18 to 23 of the South African Police Service Act, 1995 (Act 68 of 1995), the White Paper on Safety and Security (1998) and the National Crime Prevention Strategy (1996). The most recent community participation model, especially category C (levels 7-9), which is positioned to empower the community as “the influencer, director, controller and owner” of both decision-making processes is also recommended as a vehicle for effective community participation in Sector Policing (Gwala Participation Model). Monitoring, evaluation and feedback have been identified as effective tools to ensure the effective implementation of Sector Policing, which is currently lacking.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sektorpolisiëring blyk ‘n relatief nuwe gemeenskapsgebaseerde polisiebenadering te wees wat sy aanvanklike mandaat in Nasionale Instruksie 3 van 2009 van die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens (SAPD) vind. Die vermelde nasionale instruksie stel dit duidelik dat gemeenskapsdeelname en vennootskapspolisiëring deur Sektorpolisiëring bevorder kan word. Die mandaat vir die implementering van die beginsel van Sektorpolisiëring spruit ook uit onderafdeling 205 (3) van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika (1996). Die beduidende deel van hierdie studie is dat dit belangstelling in Sektorpolisiëring ontlok het, beide binne die SAPD en die gemeenskap, en dit het ook ‘n groot aantal deelnemers gelok. Die IAP2 openbare deelnamemodel met betrekking tot gemeenskapsdeelname, soos bespreek deur Theron, Ceaser en Davids (2007:8), wat van die Internasionale Vereniging rakende Openbare Deelname (2006) aangepas is, kan ‘n belangrike rol vertolk in die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring. Daar is bevind dat Sektorpolisiëring ‘n mislukking blyk te wees wanneer gemeenskapsdeelname of multi-organisatoriese vennootskappe afwesig is. Die studie is gerig op die Limpopo Provinsie ten einde die doeltreffende implementering van Sektorpolisiëring in plattelandse gebiede aan te moedig. Die studie het gesentreer op twaalf (12) polisiestasies uit die vyf en negentig (95) wat in die vyf (5) distrikte van die Limpopo Provinsie bestaan ten einde ‘n breër polisiëringspektrum te dek en om ‘n verteenwoordigende monster te verseker. Die studie het bevind dat Sektorpolisiëring beter geïmplementeer sou kon word indien die projekbestuurbenadering toegepas word, so dat werk in terme van tydsraamwerke uitgevoer kan word, en monitering te kan verseker soos in Hoofstuk 5 (Figuur 5.2) gedemonstreer is. Die studie het die aanbeveling gedoen dat implementeringspanne ingestel word om toesig te hou oor die implementering van Sektorpolisiëring op provinsiale, groep- en stasievlak. ‘n Kwartaallikse multi-organisatoriese forum is voorgestel om volhoubare gemeenskapsdeelname te verseker. Gemeenskapsdeelname in polisiëring is verskans in onderafdelings 18 tot 23 van die Suid Afrikaanse Polisiedienswet, 1995 (Wet 68 van 1995), die Witskrif oor Veiligheid en Sekuriteit (1998) en die Nasionale Misdaadvoorkomingstrategie (1996). Die mees onlangse gemeenskapsdeelnamemodel, veral kategorie C (vlakke 7-9 ) wat geposisioneer is om die gemeenskap te bemagtig as “die beinvloeder, direkteur, beheerder en eienaar” van besluitnemingsprosesse, word ook as ‘n middel vir doeltreffende deelname aan Sektorpolisiering aanbeveel (Gwala deelnamemodel). Monitering, evaluering en terugvoer is geidentifiseer as doeltreffende wyses om die effektiewe implementering van Sektorpolisiering te verseker, en dat dit juis die` is wat op die’ oomblik ontbreek.