Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Police accountabilities”
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Donnelly, Daniel, i Kenneth B. Scott. "Police Accountability in Scotland: [2] ‘New’ Accountabilities". Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 75, nr 1 (marzec 2002): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0207500106.
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This second article on police accountability focuses on aspects such as best value; performance management and targeting; HMCIC's role; Accounts Commission and Audit Scotland; common services and multi-tiered policing; community and social inclusion partnerships; and complaints against the police. The conclusion is drawn that these new accountabilities throw into question traditional views on the constitutional position and future management of policing in Scotland.
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Aryani, Vioni Fadhila, i M. Sofyan Pulungan. "Accountability of a Notary as a Land Deed Making Official for Misuse of Trust Related to Embezzlement of Certificates". Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 24, nr 2 (21.11.2021): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56087/aijih.v24i2.285.
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This study aims to describe and analyze the Notary Public’s accountability as an LDMO for the abuse of trust related to certificate embezzlement and legal remedies that can be taken by the appeared as the aggrieved party for this action. The type of research used in this research is normative juridical research. The type of data used in this research is secondary data through document studies or literature studies. The legal materials that have been collected are then processed and analyzed systematically using qualitative data analysis methods. The results showed that the Notary Public as LDMO has accountability for the abuse of authority given based on trust related to embezzlement of certificates in the management of land rights transfer registration. The accountabilities that can be charged are administrative, criminal, and moral accountabilities. In addition, legal remedies taken by parties who feel aggrieved are categorized through two channels, namely the non-litigation by reporting to the local Regional Supervisory Council of Notary Public and the litigation by reporting to the local police. Based on this conclusion, it is recommended that the Notary Public and the Notary Public as LDMO carry out their duties and positions by upholding and complying with the applicable code of ethics and laws and regulations. Then an amendment to Law No. 2 of 2014 and Government Regulation No. 24 of 2016. In this case, it is necessary to add provisions on criminal sanctions against the Notary Public’s actions that violate the Office Law and the code of ethics to have a deterrent effect. In addition, the Notary Public and LDMO will be more careful, responsible, and professional in carrying out their professions and offices.
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Buffam, Bonar. "Racial accountabilities: the legal legibility of racial state violence in the Special State’s Attorney Report on Police Torture in Chicago". Cultural Studies 32, nr 2 (20.07.2017): 326–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2017.1354043.
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Verger, Antoni, i Guri Skedsmo. "Enacting accountabilities in education: exploring new policy contexts and theoretical elaborations". Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability 33, nr 3 (sierpień 2021): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11092-021-09371-x.
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Lingard, Bob, Wayne Martino i Goli Rezai-Rashti. "Testing regimes, accountabilities and education policy: commensurate global and national developments". Journal of Education Policy 28, nr 5 (wrzesień 2013): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2013.820042.
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Fochsen, Grethe, Kirti Deshpande, Karin C. Ringsberg i Anna Thorson. "Conflicting accountabilities: Doctor's dilemma in TB control in rural India". Health Policy 89, nr 2 (luty 2009): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.05.013.
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Nilsson, Måns. "Learning, Frames, and Environmental Policy Integration: The Case of Swedish Energy Policy". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, nr 2 (kwiecień 2005): 207–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0405j.
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Environmental policy integration (EPI) has been advanced as a guiding policy principle in Europe to ensure that environmental concerns are considered across all areas of policymaking. EPI can be treated analytically as a process of policy learning. The author analyses EPI and other types of learning in Swedish energy policy from the late 1980s up to today. A systematic tracing of agendas, arguments, and policy change indicates that learning processes and partial EPI have occurred. Changing actor configurations and increasing resource dependencies have facilitated learning and EPI, driven in turn by the European deregulation processes, global policy agendas, and the development of the Nordic electricity market. However, learning and EPI has been slow, indirect, and partial—constrained by how policymaking is organised in central government. Further measures are needed to advance EPI in national sector policy, including the development of policy-level strategic assessments and stronger sector accountabilities.
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Currie, Amy, i William Kilbride. "FAIR Forever? Accountabilities and Responsibilities in the Preservation of Research Data". International Journal of Digital Curation 16, nr 1 (30.09.2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v16i1.768.
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Digital preservation is a fast-moving and growing community of practice of ubiquitous relevance, but in which capability is unevenly distributed. Within the open science and research data communities, digital preservation has a close alignment to the FAIR principles and is delivered through a complex specialist infrastructure comprising technology, staff and policy. However, capacity erodes quickly, establishing a need for ongoing examination and review to ensure that skills, technology, and policy remain fit for changing purpose. To address this challenge, the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) conducted the FAIR Forever study, commissioned by the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) Sustainability Working Group and funded by the EOSC Secretariat Project in 2020, to assess the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the preservation of research data across EOSC, and the feasibility of establishing shared approaches, workflows and services that would benefit EOSC stakeholders.
This paper draws from the FAIR Forever study to document and explore its key findings on the identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the preservation of FAIR data in EOSC, and to the preservation of research data more broadly. It begins with background of the study and an overview of the methodology employed, which involved a desk-based assessment of the emerging EOSC vision, interviews with representatives of EOSC stakeholders, and focus groups with digital preservation specialists and data managers in research organizations. It summarizes key findings on the need for clarity on digital preservation in the EOSC vision and for elucidation of roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities to mitigate risks of data loss, reputation, and sustainability. It then outlines the recommendations provided in the final report presented to the EOSC Sustainability Working Group.
To better ensure that research data can be FAIRer for longer, the recommendations of the study are presented with discussion on how they can be extended and applied to various research data stakeholders in and outside of EOSC, and suggest ways to bring together research data curation, management, and preservation communities to better ensure FAIRness now and in the long term.
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Nyland, Kari, i Inger Johanne Pettersen. "Hybrid controls and accountabilities in public sector management". International Journal of Public Sector Management 28, nr 2 (2.03.2015): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-07-2014-0085.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss why public sector reforms hybridize during implementation processes, consequences on accountability relations and practitioners’ and policymakers’ reactions to these changes. Design/methodology/approach – The paper considers experiences from three initiatives related to the governance reform in the Norwegian hospital sector. Data were collected via interviews and document studies, and all three cases were longitudinal studies. Findings – Unexpected consequences of reform initiatives and contextual changes are causing controls to hybridize and having profound effects on accountability relations. However, the gradually alignment of controls in a dynamic pattern of hybridization enables the balancing of conflicts in the chain of accountabilities. Hybrid controls are observed to emerge as stronger than the initial ideal control models. The longitudinal studies of control hybridization illuminate the sector’s survival in the long run, as they allow for adaptation to changes in contexts. Practical implications – This work augments leaders’ understanding of how governmental strategies may follow diverse paths and yield results that diverge from intentions. Narrow accountability bases inhibit the government from implementing political decisions through agencies. Conversely, agents must relate to direct control from authorities. The predictability of agents’ decision space is reduced, and the control process becomes more ambiguous. Originality/value – Through connecting what happens in agencies with accountabilities in the political level, it is possible to study the flexible nature of accountability relations and why controls hybridize. The paper underlines the need for longitudinal studies to describe complex patterns of reform initiatives.
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I'Anson, John, i Sandra Eady. "Partnership as Educational Policy Imperative: An Unquestioned Good?" Professions and Professionalism 7, nr 3 (15.11.2017): e1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/pp.1814.
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“Partnership” is often promoted as an unquestioned “good” for higher education institutions in relation to its various stakeholder organizations. This paper seeks to problematize this uncritical valorization through a critical interrogation of the concepts and socio-material practices associated with partnership. In the name of partnership, new forms of governance are inaugurated that have far-reaching effects. More specifically, this paper is concerned with a critical analysis of partnership in relation to a longitudinal study of the relational practices between a university and five local authorities within a Scottish educational context. In particular, we trace how a “signature event” transformed a partnership assemblage, from one characterized by a grammar of participation, to a formal partnership aligned with a set of principles that we characterize as a grammar of representation. We argue that this transition led to a new assemblage that enacted new accountabilities, performativities, and alignments under the sign of partnership.
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Milner, Alison L., Paola Mattei i Christian Ydesen. "Governing education in times of crisis: State interventions and school accountabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic". European Educational Research Journal 20, nr 4 (20.06.2021): 520–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14749041211022198.
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Strategic government interventions in public education have shifted and blurred the boundaries between state, market and civil society modes of governance. Within this matrix of interdependent relations, schools operate under increasingly hybrid accountability arrangements in which public accountability can both complement and compete with market and social regimes and their associated institutional logics, goals, values and mechanisms. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, national governments implemented a wide range of emergency measures which had consequences for the mixes and layers of school accountabilities. This article examines the principal policy changes in Denmark, England and Italy. Drawing on state theories and the concept of ‘hybrid accountability’, semi-structured interviews with national and local policymakers and school practitioners were analysed thematically. While cultural nuances exist between the cases, our findings reveal that state interventions reinforce a public–professional accountability hybrid and hierarchies of control and command within and outside networks. Concomitantly, state non-interventions and the distinct underlying institutional logics associated with national large-scale assessments suggest policy inertia with implications for professional accountability and institutionalised change. Future research might investigate whether educators’ experiences influence the direction of national and local accountability policy reforms in a post-pandemic era.
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Thanh Mai, Phạm. "LAW ENFORCEMENT ON CORRUPTION CASES IN VIETNAM". IJLLE (International Journal of Law and Legal Ethics) 1, nr 1 (21.04.2020): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47701/ijlle.v1i1.956.
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This research examines corruption offences in public investment in Vietnam. An important part of the research is to examine and evaluate effectiveness and accountabilities of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam, including the Government Inspectorate of Vietnam, the People’s Procuracy of Vietnam and the People’s Public Security Forces of Vietnam based on their functions, powers and responsibilities. The aim of this research was to examine corruption and criminal behaviour in public investment in Vietnam, to identify practical policies, models and strategies for the purpose of improving the capacities and effectiveness of anti-corruption in public investment in Vietnam. The overall objective of this research was to research the corruption offences in public investment in Vietnam; to evaluate the effectiveness and accountabilities of anticorruption in public investment in Vietnam, including the Government Inspectorate of Vietnam, the People’s Procuracy of Vietnam and the People’s Public Security Forces of Vietnam based on their functions, powers and responsibilities; and to analyse corruption offences in public investment in terms of organisational structures and criminal behaviour to identify practical recommendations to enhance the success in combating corruption in public investment in Vietnam. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this study. The research has implications for anti-corruption commission policy makers and researchers in Vietnam.
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Gowlett, Christina. "Queer(y)ing New Schooling Accountabilities ThroughMy School: Using Butlerian Tools to Think Differently About Policy Performativity". Educational Philosophy and Theory 47, nr 2 (13.05.2013): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2013.793926.
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Chiu, Patrick, Greta G. Cummings, Sally Thorne i Kara Schick-Makaroff. "Policy Advocacy and Nursing Organizations: A Scoping Review". Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 22, nr 4 (listopad 2021): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15271544211050611.
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Policy advocacy is a fundamental component of nursing's social mandate. While it has become a core function of nursing organizations across the globe, the discourse around advocacy has focused largely on the responsibilities and accountabilities of individual nurses, with little attention to the policy advocacy work undertaken by nursing organizations. To strengthen this critical function, an understanding of the extant literature is needed to identify areas that require further research. We conducted a scoping review to examine the nature, extent, and range of scholarly work focused on nursing organizations and policy advocacy. A systematic search of six databases produced 4,731 papers and 68 were included for analysis and synthesis. Findings suggest that the literature has been increasing over the years, is largely non-empirical, and covers a broad range of topics ranging from the role and purpose of nursing organizations in policy advocacy, the identity of nursing organizations, the development and process of policy advocacy initiatives, the policy advocacy products of nursing organizations, and the impact and evaluation of organizations’ policy advocacy work. Based on the review, we identify several research gaps and propose areas for further research to strengthen the influence and impact of this critical function undertaken by nursing organizations.
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Leatt, Peggy, i Sandra G. Leggatt. "Governing Integrated Health Delivery Systems: Meeting Accountability Requirements". Healthcare Management Forum 10, nr 4 (grudzień 1997): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60976-3.
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Many Canadian provincial governments are exploring methods to increase the integration of health services in an effort to improve the care provided, while maintaining or reducing the costs. Integrated health delivery systems are being implemented in the United States, Britain and other European countries. Such systems aim to provide a full continuum of care to a defined target population under a financing system of capitation. This article explores the issues associated with the governance accountabilities of an IDS. A review of potential governance models is completed, and the factors that influence the choice of a governance model for an integrated delivery system are presented. In 1987, Ewell identified governing boards as the weakest link in the integrated health care systems of the United States. It is suggested that early attention to governance in the development of IDS models in Canada may improve the effectiveness of these systems.
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Harms, Roxanne. "Workforce Deployment — A Critical Organizational Competency". Healthcare Management Forum 22, nr 3 (1.09.2009): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)60095-6.
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Staff scheduling has historically been embedded within hospital operations, often defined by each new manager of a unit or program, and notably absent from the organization's practice and standards infrastructure and accountabilities of the executive team. Silvestro and Silvestro contend that “there is a need to recognize that hospital performance relies critically on the competence and effectiveness of roster planning activities, and that these activities are therefore of strategic importance.”1 This article highlights the importance of including staff scheduling — or workforce deployment — in health care organizations' long-term strategic solutions to cope with the deepening workforce shortage (which is likely to hit harder than ever as the economy begins to recover). Viewing workforce deployment as a key organizational competency is a critical success factor for health care in the next decade, and the Workforce Deployment Maturity Model© is discussed as a framework to enable organizations to measure their current capabilities, identify priorities and set goals for increasing organizational competency using a methodical and deliberate approach.
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Marjanovic, Sonja, Marlene Altenhofer, Lucy Hocking, Joanna Chataway i Tom Ling. "Innovating for improved healthcare: Sociotechnical and innovation systems perspectives and lessons from the NHS". Science and Public Policy 47, nr 2 (4.02.2020): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa005.
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Abstract Healthcare systems with limited resources face rising demand pressures. Healthcare decision-makers increasingly recognise the potential of innovation to help respond to this challenge and to support high-quality care. However, comprehensive and actionable evidence on how to realise this potential is lacking. We adopt sociotechnical systems and innovation systems theoretical perspectives to examine conditions that can support and sustain innovating healthcare systems. We use primary data focussing on England (with 670 contributions over time) and triangulate findings against globally-relevant literature. We discuss the complexity of factors influencing an innovating healthcare system’s ability to support the development and uptake of innovations and share practical learning about changes in policy, culture, and behaviour that could support system improvement. Three themes are examined in detail: skills, capabilities, and leadership; motivations and accountabilities; and collaboration and coordination. We also contribute to advancing applications of sociotechnical systems thinking to major societal transformation challenges.
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Liu, Xuan, i Hai Xie. "Pillars and Principles of the Project Governance". Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (wrzesień 2014): 2593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2593.
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Project governance is the management framework within which project decisions are made. Project governance is a critical element of any project since while the accountabilities and responsibilities associated with an organization’s business as usual activities are laid down in their organizational governance arrangements, seldom does an equivalent framework exist to govern the development of its capital investments (projects). For instance, the organization chart provides a good indication of who in the organization is responsible for any particular operational activity the organization conducts. But unless an organization has specifically developed a project governance policy, no such chart is likely to exist for project development activity. Therefore, the role of project governance is to provide a decision making framework that is logical, robust and repeatable to govern an organization’s capital investments. In this way, an organization will have a structured approach to conducting both its business as usual activities and its business change, or project, activities.
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Balboa, Cristina M. "Accountability of Environmental Impact Bonds: The Future of Global Environmental Governance?" Global Environmental Politics 16, nr 2 (maj 2016): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00352.
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As the latest iteration of leveraging private resources to protect and sustain our natural resources, the environmental impact bond (EIB) reflects the growing trend in sustainable development that makes financing available to projects based on the verifiable results of an intervention. These new instruments in global environmental governance are not actually bonds but pay-for-success contracts, in which the risk of success is shouldered by the investor, and financial savings, pegged to the intervention outcome, are prioritized. This examination of EIBs through the lens of accountability aims to elicit debate on some areas of concern and consideration for the design and implementation of outcome-based financing for global environmental governance, including the prioritizing of private over public accountabilities and potential perverse incentives these instruments create. As both public and private accountability goals are evident in EIB, this governance tool runs the risk of exacerbating the paradox of increased accountability but decreased environmental gains.
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Hill, Dilys M. "Patricia Day and Rudolph Klein, Accountabilities: Five Public Services, Tavistock Publications, London, 1987. 250 pp. paper £9.95." Journal of Social Policy 17, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400016780.
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Crofts, Penny. "Brothels: outlaws or citizens?" International Journal of Law in Context 6, nr 2 (21.05.2010): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552310000054.
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AbstractHistorically, sex services premises in New South Wales, Australia were regarded and regulated as illegal and disorderly entities; they were policed as outlaws. The Disorderly Houses Amendment Act 1995 [NSW] bestowed legal status, providing an opportunity to regulate sex services premises as legal subjects. Despite these reforms, in many areas brothels continue to be regulated more restrictively than other businesses. I argue that this is because, for many, brothels continue to be perceived as outlaws. They are regarded as inherently unlawful, disorderly, and hence warranting and requiring exclusion from the community. I argue that this conception of brothels as outlaws is constructed and reinforced through regulation. In contrast, some local councils and Land and Environment Court decisions have taken up the opportunity to regard and regulate sex services premises as legal subjects or citizens. The conception of sex services premises as citizen imports an existing legal framework, with associated accountabilities, rights and responsibilities. This shift in conception results in people viewing sex services premises differently, experiencing them differently and regulating them differently.
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Warwick-Giles, Lynsey, Imelda McDermott, Kath Checkland i Valerie Moran. "Moving towards strategic commissioning: impact on clinical commissioning groups as membership organizations". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 25, nr 1 (16.04.2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819619842272.
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Objective This paper aims to explore the nature of clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in England as membership organizations. Utilizing the concept of meta-organization as a lens, we discuss the impact that this organizational form might have on CCGs’ ability to become ‘strategic commissioners’. Methods We used a longitudinal qualitative approach to explore the adoption and implementation of primary care co-commissioning. The study was undertaken between May 2015 and June 2017 and included interviews with senior policy makers, analysis of policy documents, two telephone surveys, and case studies in four CCGs nationally. Results CCGs operate as membership organizations with closed boundary and low stratification, whereby a consensus or majority needs to be reached by members when activities impact on membership or the CCG’s constitution. While CCGs should move towards a more strategic commissioning role that is focused on local priorities agreed by their members, they are faced with a complex system of accountabilities and responsibilities, which makes this difficult to achieve. Conclusions The nature of CCGs as membership-based meta-organizations has the potential to both help and hinder CCGs in becoming strategic commissioners. The complexities in accountability and governance that the membership approach introduces, and the potential difficulties that CCGs face with competing meta-organizations, raises questions about the future of CCGs as membership organizations.
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De Feyter, Sophie. "Impact of international donors’ new policy agenda on project collaboration between community-based women organizations and NGOs in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya". Afrika Focus 24, nr 1 (25.02.2011): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02401005.
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This article first describes the New Policy Agenda (NPA), a market-based ideology influencing donor agencies’ strategies for international development. The article then continues to discuss how community-based women organizations (CBWOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) evaluate their collaborations or ‘partnerships’ in practice in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya. We tested the research hypothesis that the NPA reduces the likelihood of achieving equitable partnerships because of its insistence on ‘contracting’ partners, i.e. creating a patron-client relationship. This was carried out through qualitative research consisting mainly of semi-structured interviews and participatory observation with NGOs and CBWO representatives working in Kibera. Research results show that the contract conditions for CBWOs to enter into a partnership may reduce the chances of the most vulnerable groups in society of obtaining assistance. This ‘contracting’ relationship may also cause a loss of CBWO members’ motivation. The NPA and its emphasis on saving time and money also has a negative impact not only on the external development actors’ knowledge about the development context, but also on the multiple accountabilities in a CB WO-NGO partnership, on the quick-fix nature of the solutions applied to remedy the Jack of accountability and on the practical implementation of ‘participatory development’ in Kibera.
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Snodgrass Rangel, Virginia, Carlos Monroy i Elizabeth Bell. "Science teachers’ data use practices: A descriptive analysis". education policy analysis archives 24 (8.08.2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.24.2348.
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There is a debate on students’ low science achievement in the United States, particularly among low income, African American students, and Latino students. An important part of the education community’s response to low achievement generally and in science specifically has been the implementation of high stakes accountability policies. Because of accountability’s emphasis on educator data use, much research has examined different facets of it throughout educational organizations, but research has not focused on the extent to which data use might be content-specific. The purpose of this paper, then, was to investigate the data use practices of science teachers. Drawing from a broader study of science teachers in grades 5-8 across six school districts, this study reports results from teacher surveys and interviews. The findings indicate that while there were examples of science-specific data use, most of the science teachers used data in ways consistent with previous content-agnostic research. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
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Okokpujie, Imhade P., Ishoma M. Odigilia, Kennedy Okokpujie, Roselyn E. Subair, Adebayo T. Ogundipe, Lagouge K. Tartibu i Omolayo M. Ikumapayi. "Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility on Business Evaluation of Mobile Communication Network MTN in Nigeria". International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, nr 7 (30.11.2022): 2199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170720.
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The sustainability of any telecommunication industry lies in the environment, workforce, human development, and community development. This research assessed the effect of corporate social responsibility on the business evaluation of MTN Nigeria, Abuja. The study employed a descriptive survey research design—the population of this study comprised entire staff members of MTN Nigeria Abuja. A sample of 100 members of staff was used in this study using the convenience sampling technique. The primary data was employed to gather information from MTN, Abuja staff. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis, using frequency and percentage. The hypothesis formulated for the study was analyzed using chi-square statistics at a 95% confidence level. The study found that the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities of MTN improved and significantly affected the business performance of MTN Nigeria. CSR tasks were recommended to be very organized and executed to have the most extreme effect. Additionally, corporate associations ought to strengthen deeds to educate the general culture on their essential responsibilities, different accountabilities to different associates, and functional/monetary limits.
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Boudin, Kathy, Judith Clark, Michelle Fine, Elizabeth Isaacs, Michelle Daniel Jones, Melissa Mahabir, Kate Mogulescu i in. "Movement-Based Participatory Inquiry: The Multi-Voiced Story of the Survivors Justice Project". Social Sciences 11, nr 3 (15.03.2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030129.
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We write as the Survivors Justice Project (SJP), a legal/organizing/social work/research collective born in the aftermath of the 2019 passage of the New York State Domestic Violence Survivors Justice Act (DVSJA), a law that allows judges to re-sentence survivors of domestic violence currently in prison and to grant shorter terms or program alternatives to survivors upon their initial sentencing. Our work braids litigation, social research, advocacy, organizing, popular education, professional development for the legal and social work communities, and support for women in prison going through the DVSJA process and those recently released. We are organized to theorize and co-produce new knowledges about the gendered and racialized violence of the carceral state and, more specifically, to support women currently serving time in New York State to access/understand the law, submit petitions, and hopefully be freed. In this article we review our collective work engaged through research and action, bridging higher education and movements for decarceration through racial/gender/economic justice, and venture into three aspects of our praxis: epistemic justice in our internal dynamics; accountabilities and deep commitments to women still incarcerated and those recently released, even and especially during COVID-19; and delicate solidarities, exploring external relations with policy makers, judges, defense attorneys, advocates, and prosecutors in New York State, other states, and internationally.
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Zandi, Gholamreza, i Muhammad Haseeb. "The Role of Trade Liberalization in Carbon Dioxide Emission: Evidence From Heterogeneous Panel Estimations". International Journal of Financial Research 10, nr 5 (10.06.2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v10n5p228.
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In the present globalized world, production forms are progressively divided across nations. Consequently, domestic consumption in one nation is progressively fulfilled by worldwide supply chains. This spectacle has pulled policy and widespread intellectual discussions on the assignment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emanations, especially carbon dioxide (CO2) emission; these are accountabilities connected to global trade since worldwide trade causes net carbon dioxide emission. The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of trade liberalization on carbon dioxide emission. We used the panel data of 105 developed and developing countries from 1990 to 2017. The results of FMOLS and DOLS confirm that all variables are connected in the long-run period. The results of long run coefficient confirm that that the trade liberalization has a positive effect on environmental degradation and cause to increase environmental degradation. Likewise, economic growth and energy consumption has also a positive and significant impact on environmental degradation. However, we find an evidence of negative and significant impact of renewable energy utilization on environmental degradation. Finally, the results of heterogeneous panel causality confirm that there is a uni-directional causal relationship between trade liberalization and environmental degradation where causality is running from trade liberalization to environmental degradation. However, we find a bi-directional causal relationship of environmental degradation with energy utilization and renewable energy utilization in all selected developed and developing countries.
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Goss, K. "Report Card - Murray-Darling Basin - 2001". Water Science and Technology 45, nr 11 (1.06.2002): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0388.
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Ongoing deterioration of the riverine environments of the Murray-Darling Basin led the Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council to introduce a Cap in 1995 to halt the growth in diversions of water for consumptive use. This initiative recognised the finite nature of water resources in the Basin and sought to introduce a balance between off-stream use of water and protection of the riverine environment. But the cap is only one step, albeit a fundamental one, in restoring the Basin's rivers - it is a “stake in the ground”. Parties to the Murray-Darling Basin Initiative recognise the need to reverse decades of creeping decline if the Basin's rivers and riverine environments are to return to a more ecologically sustainable condition. In the last 12 months, Council and Commission have taken far-reaching decisions designed to restore the Basin's Rivers. Many of these decisions, even 10 years ago, would have been unimaginable. The Report Card will explain the need for a number of recent decisions that will impact on the future of the Basin's rivers. For example, Council's decision to establish an Environmental Manager function in the Office of the Commission was made in the context of the recently agreed Integrated Catchment Management (ICM) Policy, and supporting Sustainable Rivers Audit. The role of targets and accountabilities under the ICM Policy will also be discussed. The Report Card will also present a snapshot of the state of the Basin's rivers and the actions being taken at a range of scales and locations in response to identified problems. Because some of the key initiatives are still in development, this Report Card will set the scene by describing where our attention is being focused and why.
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Lee, In Hoi, i Tae Seok Yang. "Analysis of Teachers’ Perception on the Future School for Future Society in Jeju Special-governing Province". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, nr 22 (30.11.2022): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.22.717.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze middle school teachers’ perception on the future schools for future society in Jeju Special-governing Province, and to explore the policy implications.
Methods To accomplish this goal, survey method was used and a survey was done from April 8th through 22nd. The participants were 695 school teachers who were selected by stratified sampling, and just 629 cases were utilized for statistic analysis. Descriptive analysis, frequency analysis and χ-square test were employed to analyze the data.
Results First, regardless of school type and teachers’ position, teachers perceived highly that the first priority variable to influence the schooling in future society was the fourth industrial revolution factors such as AI, big data, and etc. Second, the results indicated that classroom instruction method and technology infra-structure of future school were the major elements affected by the fourth industrial revolution. Third, the teachers perceived highly that the successful factors of the establishment and operation for future school was the financial and administrative supports from Ministry of Education as well as Provincial Education Offices.
Conclusions Future school should be designed by the vision that core factor of the school is education by overcoming the technology focused traps. The all elements of future school need to be supported by learner centered ideas. Also, future school should be driven forward based on public accountabilities of Ministry of Education and Provincial Education Offices.
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Erickson, Lindsey Lesher, Toben Nelson i J. Michael Oakes. "Hospital Policies Related to Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (październik 2020): s252—s253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.813.
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Background: MRSA continues to spread in hospitals, despite modest recent success. Gaps exist regarding how hospital policies impact MRSA transmission in hospitals. Characterization of the policy environment has been useful in approaching other public health issues including control of alcohol, firearms, tobacco, and traffic safety. Objective: Our goal was to describe measurable and modifiable policy components designed to prevent MRSA in hospital settings. Methods: We examined 4 types of hospital policies from 5 metropolitan hospitals in Minnesota: hand hygiene, multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) and isolation, healthcare personnel influenza vaccination, and whistleblower (corporate compliance). We developed a tool to systematically evaluate policies for each topic that included 19–23 instructional and implementation elements guided by regulatory and clinical practice guidelines: purpose, expectations, education and training, monitoring, enforcement, corrective actions, responsibilities, and corrective actions. Each policy element was evaluated for its presence (yes or no) and thoroughness (nonexistent = 0, cursory = 1, thorough = 2). Results: All hospitals had hand hygiene and MDRO and isolation policies; 3 of 5 had influenza and whistleblower policies. The policies varied in comprehensiveness and thoroughness across hospitals and topics. Most policies included purpose and policy statements with a statement of organizational rules (14 of 16 and 16 of 16, respectively) with mean thoroughness scores of 1.04 and 1.20, respectively. Most policies lacked consequences for noncompliance (6 of 16), accountability (6 of 16), and monitoring and enforcement of policy expectations (5 of 16). When included, the policy components scored low for thoroughness, and 50% of policies (8 of 16; range, 20% for hand hygiene and 100% for influenza vaccination) specified expectations for educating staff about the policy topic, with a mean thoroughness score of 0.75. Responsibilities for policy expectations were lacking: responsibilities for product needs and availability (3 of 13), training and education (1 of 16); and monitoring compliance with skills and techniques (4 of 16). Of the 4 policy types, influenza vaccination was the most complete. All influenza policies had 50% of categories completed versus hand hygiene (26%), MDRO (17%), and whistleblower (26%). The hand hygiene policies scored highest for thoroughness; 48% of policy elements scored >1.0 versus MDRO (22%), influenza (25%), and whistleblower (11%). Conclusions: We developed a systematic method to quantitatively evaluate hospital policies. Our review of hospital policies most commonly contained thorough instructional elements such as organizational requirements and protocols and procedures. Policies often lacked implementation elements such as expectations for monitoring, enforcement, responsibilities, accountabilities, and staff training and education. As we begin to characterize policy, endogenous in nature, as a potential exposure, it is important that we develop rigorous measurement. We have provided a first step in developing such an approach.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Changar, Mustafa, i Tarik Atan. "The Role of Transformational and Transactional Leadership Approaches on Environmental and Ethical Aspects of CSR". Sustainability 13, nr 3 (29.01.2021): 1411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031411.
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Corporations’ accountabilities to implement socially responsible actions towards stakeholders are essential as organizations keep participating in competitive industries. Recently, applying leadership approaches has been the emphasis of both scholars and practitioners, but the concern has not been comprehensively examined. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on environmental and ethical features of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), in financial services companies located in the United Kingdom (UK). The moderating factor of employees’ years of employment in their respective companies is also examined. Offering contributions through an empirical appraisal of leadership and CSR is aimed. 384 employees working in the financial services companies in the UK were given a structured questionnaire to test our model. The employees offered viewpoints on the leaders, their selves, and the company. Suggested hypotheses were tested through Structured Equation Modelling (SEM). The study concluded that both transformational and transactional leadership approaches had positive impacts on the environmental and ethical aspects of CSR. Additionally, the moderating variable only had an impact on the relationship between transformational leadership and ethical CSR. The study proposes that complementary implementation of transformational and transactional leadership approaches can lead to enhanced socially responsible actions in organizations.
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Siriwardhane, Pavithra, i Dennis Taylor. "Perceived accountability for local government infrastructure assets: the influence of stakeholders". Pacific Accounting Review 29, nr 4 (6.11.2017): 551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-11-2016-0110.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of stakeholder salience and the degree of emphasis placed on accountability dimensions for infrastructure assets (IFAs) as perceived by mayors and chief executive officers (CEOs) of local government authorities (LGAs). Comparisons are drawn between the salience accorded to two broad stakeholder groups at the public level and at the government level. Design/methodology/approach Perceptions of mayors and CEOs are examined through a mail questionnaire survey administered among LGAs in Australia. Findings Overall accountability for IFAs by the LGAs is influenced by the salience accorded to the demands and needs of public stakeholders (PSs) but not the salience accorded to government stakeholders (GS). It is evident that public and managerial accountabilities are impacted by PS salience, whereas political accountability is impacted by the salience of GS. Thus, it emphasises that the establishment and implementation of policies, processes and systems that render transparency and responsiveness to the public, as well as service quality and the disclosure of performance measures, are positively affected by the salience accorded to PS groups. Research limitations/implications The results of the study may be affected by the inherent weaknesses associated with mail surveys. Practical implications Accountability of LGAs for IFAs to GS needs enhancement, specifically stronger policy incentives. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature, providing evidence on how mayors and CEOs of LGAs perceive the salience of different stakeholders of IFAs and its impact on the perceived accountability.
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Bhandari, Dinanath, Binod Prasad Parajuli i Puja Shakya. "ENHANCING FORECAST-BASED DISASTER RESPONSE IN NEPAL". New Angle: Nepal journal of social science and public policy 7, nr 1 (30.05.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53037/na.v7i1.58.
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Implementation of humanitarian actions in advance of a disaster event is a new approach to enhance overall effectiveness of disaster responses. Early actions following forecasts and early warnings can significantly reduce disaster losses and the cost of disaster recovery. Evidence from pilot projects reveal potential to integrate forecast-based humanitarian actions into disaster preparedness planning. Building on advanced technologies, it has been possible to predict disaster risk of many meteorological and hydrological hazards like heavy rainfall, storm surges, flood, drought and cyclones. Nepal has developed communitycentered, end to end flood early warning systems, which have utilised different global and regional weather forecasting models. The models have the capability to provide weather and flood scenarios three days in advance. In this study, we carefully examine current practices and approaches to explore opportunities to use weather forecasts, flood alerts and warning to inform forecast-based humanitarian actions. Furthermore, we analysed existing policy provisions and legal mandates in Nepal to assess the availability of enabling environment needed for adopting forecast-based humanitarian actions. We also present our learning from piloting this approach to disaster preparedness planning in 19 selected districts of Nepal. Our findings suggest that adequate legal provisions and appropriate institutional mechanisms are essential to ensure effective implementation of forecastbased early actions. It is important and urgent to depart from traditional post-event relief approach to a risk-informed preventive decision-making. Technological limitations and operational gaps between agencies are major barriers to proactive actions. The challenges can be overcome through sufficient legal provisions, technical guidelines and protocols to clarify roles, responsibilities and accountabilities of the authorities.
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Cooley, Asya. "Comparative analysis of online accountability practices in three sectors: private, public and nonprofit". Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 33, nr 6 (16.06.2020): 1423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2019-3919.
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PurposeThis research paper comparatively reviews online accountability practices in public, private and nonprofit organizations, using the hospital industry as a case of analysis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a quantitative content analysis of 240 US hospital websites, sampled from the 2016 American Hospital Association (AHA) database. Online Accountability Practices (OAP) instrument was utilized, and it included five dimensions as follows: accessibility, engagement, performance, governance and mission.FindingsThere were statistically significant differences in online accountability practices among the three sectors. Nonprofit organizations were leading the way in their overall online accountability practices. They were more likely to score higher on engagement, performance and mission dimensions. We explain this finding through the prism of multiple accountabilities, guided by the stakeholder theory. Private organizations had the lowest scores on every online accountability dimension, except for accessibility. Consistent with previous literature, private organizations were more likely to make information accessible in the online sphere, but not necessarily meaningful or reliable for evaluating organizational performance. Public organizations had the strongest scores within the governance dimension, placing importance on disclosing organizational leadership and sharing information on their governance structures.Research limitations/implicationsThis project contributes to theory building on accountability in the online environment. It argues that the distinction between two forms of accountability (functional and holistic) is applicable in the online environment, while accessibility and performance dimensions of online accountability closely align with the functional (hierarchical) form of accountability, and a more holistic approach to accountability includes dimensions like engagement, governance and mission. In addition, this project is the first of its kind to apply the stakeholder theory to accountability practices in three sectors of the economy and how the stakeholder theory provides guidance as a basis of understanding the forms of accountability (functional and holistic) that are most likely aligned with organizations in three sectors of the economy.Practical implicationsThe results of this study point to a number of implications for hospital patients, families, hospital administration, healthcare professionals and policymakers. These implications can be broadly divided into two groups as follows: policy implications and management implications. Policy implications pertain to the national dialog and interorganizational deliberations of sector-wide policy to enrich accountability practices; while management implications are concerned with local, intraorganizational discussions among administrators and organizational leaders on formulating specific strategies and tactics.Originality/valueThis research paper contributes to empirical studies on organizational accountability in the online environment. It enriches our understanding of how organizations in different sectors present themselves to the public.
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Sheaff, Rod, Joyce Halliday, Mark Exworthy, Alex Gibson, Pauline W. Allen, Jonathan Clark, Sheena Asthana i Russell Mannion. "Repositioning the boundaries between public and private healthcare providers in the English NHS". Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, nr 7/8 (7.11.2019): 776–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-12-2018-0355.
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Purpose Neo-liberal “reform” has in many countries shifted services across the boundary between the public and private sector. This policy re-opens the question of what structural and managerial differences, if any, differences of ownership make to healthcare providers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the connections between ownership, organisational structure and managerial regime within an elaboration of Donabedian’s reasoning about organisational structures. Using new data from England, it considers: how do the internal managerial regimes of differently owned healthcare providers differ, or not? In what respects did any such differences arise from differences in ownership or for other reasons? Design/methodology/approach An observational systematic qualitative comparison of differently owned providers was the strongest feasible research design. The authors systematically compared a maximum variety (by ownership) sample of community health services; out-of-hours primary care; and hospital planned orthopaedics and ophthalmology providers (n=12 cases). The framework of comparison was the ownership theory mentioned above. Findings The connection between ownership (on the one hand) and organisation structures and managerial regimes (on the other) differed at different organisational levels. Top-level governance structures diverged by organisational ownership and objectives among the case-study organisations. All the case-study organisations irrespective of ownership had hierarchical, bureaucratic structures and managerial regimes for coordinating everyday service production, but to differing extents. In doctor-owned organisations, the doctors’, but not other occupations’, work was controlled and coordinated in a more-or-less democratic, self-governing ways. Research limitations/implications This study was empirically limited to just one sector in one country, although within that sector the case-study organisations were typical of their kinds. It focussed on formal structures, omitting to varying extents other technologies of power and the differences in care processes and patient experiences within differently owned organisations. Practical implications Type of ownership does appear, overall, to make a difference to at least some important aspects of an organisation’s governance structures and managerial regime. For the broader field of health organisational research, these findings highlight the importance of the owners’ agency in explaining organisational change. The findings also call into question the practice of copying managerial techniques (and “fads”) across the public–private boundary. Originality/value Ownership does make important differences to healthcare providers’ top-level governance structures and accountabilities and to work coordination activity, but with different patterns at different organisational levels. These findings have implications for understanding the legitimacy, governance and accountability of healthcare organisations, the distribution and use power within them, and system-wide policy interventions, for instance to improve care coordination and for the correspondingly required foci of healthcare organisational research.
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Leydon, Noella, i Wendy Dahl. "Improving the Nutritional Status of Elderly Residents of Long-Term Care Homes". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 13, nr 1_suppl (styczeń 2008): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2007.007017.
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Introduction High rates of malnutrition exist in long-term care residents in Canada. Residents may be admitted in a malnourished state or may become malnourished while in care. Nutritional decline of residents may be due to medical conditions but may also result from the failure to provide for the unique nutritional needs of this population, through an inadequate menu, inadequate swallowing and functional assessments, and lack of assistance with dining. Assessment of problem A project for the implementation of regional food services policies and practices was deployed with the ultimate goals to reduce nutritional risk and enhance the quality of life of the individuals residing in the 29 long-term care homes in the Saskatoon Health Region. The objectives were: to ensure that food and nutrition staff were competent; to provide adequate nutrition to residents; and to ensure nutrition screening, assessment and appropriate intervention, as approved by the resident or their relatives, was provided. Implementation consisted of: extensive communication of the problem; the development of draft Saskatchewan Food Services policies; planning regional goals, tasks, accountabilities and indicators; delivering meal assistance training to staff; and establishing a Regional Menu Advisory Committee. Results Outcomes have been clearly articulated and methods to collect data clearly defined. Interventions in progress include:the development of key relationships among the health region's long-term care staff, managers and directors; communicating a clear understanding of resident-directed care; determining the baseline knowledge of food service staff; and assembling a project tool kit for implementing food and nutrition policies at each home. Strategies for quality improvement Although the expectation was that food services policy implementation would be presented to all homes simultaneously, a more intensive pilot schedule has focussed on early-adopter sites. The three-year implementation plan is designed for sustainability. Lessons and messages Malnutrition is multifactorial and a concerted effort of all caregivers and service providers is important to address root causes.
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Allam, Zaheer, Ayyoob Sharifi, Simon Elias Bibri, David Sydney Jones i John Krogstie. "The Metaverse as a Virtual Form of Smart Cities: Opportunities and Challenges for Environmental, Economic, and Social Sustainability in Urban Futures". Smart Cities 5, nr 3 (8.07.2022): 771–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities5030040.
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Data infrastructures, economic processes, and governance models of digital platforms are increasingly pervading urban sectors and spheres of urban life. This phenomenon is known as platformization, which has in turn given rise to the phenomena of platform society, where platforms have permeated the core of urban societies. A recent manifestation of platformization is the Metaverse, a global platform project launched by Meta (formerly Facebook) as a globally operating platform company. The Metaverse represents an idea of a hypothetical “parallel virtual world” that incarnate ways of living and working in virtual cities as an alternative to smart cities of the future. Indeed, with emerging innovative technologies—such as Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, the IoT, and Digital Twins—providing rich datasets and advanced computational understandings of human behavior, the Metaverse has the potential to redefine city designing activities and service provisioning towards increasing urban efficiencies, accountabilities, and quality performance. However, there still remain ethical, human, social, and cultural concerns as to the Metaverse’s influence upon the quality of human social interactions and its prospective scope in reconstructing the quality of urban life. This paper undertakes an upper-level literature review of the area of the Metaverse from a broader perspective. Further, it maps the emerging products and services of the Metaverse, and explores their potential contributions to smart cities with respect to their virtual incarnation, with a particular focus on the environmental, economic, and social goals of sustainability. This study may help urban policy makers to better understand the opportunities and implications of the Metaverse upon tech-mediated practices and applied urban agendas, as well as assess the positives and negatives of this techno-urban vision. This paper also offers thoughts regarding the argument that the Metaverse has disruptive and substantive effects on forms of reconstructing reality in an increasingly platformized urban society. This will hopefully stimulate prospective research and further critical perspectives on the topic.
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Iedema, Rick, Suzanne Brownhill, Mary Haines, Bill Lancashire, Tim Shaw i Jane Street. "'Hands on, Hands off': a model of clinical supervision that recognises trainees' need for support and independence". Australian Health Review 34, nr 3 (2010): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09773.
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Rationale.This article presents a study of junior doctor supervision at a rural hospital. The objective of the present study was to gain insight into the types of supervision events experienced, the quality of supervisory relationships, the frequencies of supervision contact in a rural hospital setting, and the implications of these factors for supervision practice. Methods.A cohort of junior doctors was asked to provide in-depth information about their interactions with their supervisors and other relevant clinical colleagues. The information was filled in on diary sheets to capture the nature, focus and quality of the cohort’s supervision experiences over 2 weeks. The information also covered frequency and types of supervisory contacts. Results.The quantitative data reveals that supervisory events occur predominantly as part of ongoing patient care and rarely off-line as part of targeted supervisory practice. The qualitative data analysis reveals that junior doctors value supervisory support of two kinds: assistance from more senior clinicians who are expert in areas where trainees need help, and trust to act independently, without being abandoned. Conclusion.Supervision must be both structured and dynamic. Besides providing a regular forum for discussion and reflection, supervision must accommodate the variable needs of individual junior doctors and navigate between being hands-on and hands-off. Such dynamic approach is necessary to reassure junior doctors they are in a ‘zone of safe learning’ where they can act with adequate and flexible support and negotiate changes in supervisory attention. What is known about the topic?Research is recognising the challenges of treatment complexity and unexpected outcomes faced by junior doctors. These factors mean that supervision needs to include dealing with the experiential and interpersonal aspects of junior doctors’ clinical work. It is also recognised that the supervisory relationship remains to be investigated in depth. Further, because supervision guidelines in Australia are still under development, they do not as yet specify senior doctors’ or registrar’s supervisory accountabilities. Relying on conventional approaches to managing medical supervision, hospitals and associated medical schools are struggling to ensure that supervising doctors’ perceptions of and approaches to supervision are aligned with emerging definitions of effective supervision. What does this paper add?The ‘hands on, hands off’ model developed here enriches post-graduate medical curricula on two fronts. First, it advises supervisors that they need to be hands-on, practising ‘active supervision’. This involves regular and structured contact with junior doctors to enhance the safety and quality of the care provided by them. Second, it advises supervisors to be hands-off, practising ‘passive supervision’. This involves ‘trustful’ monitoring junior doctors’ everyday work and negotiating with them their unique and changing learning trajectories. What are the implications for practitioners?The model proposed here has three implications for practitioners. First, the model posits that medical supervision is about ‘being there’. Junior doctors set great store by being granted ready access to advice and help if and when that is needed. Second, the model emphasises that junior doctors expect to gain supervisors’ trust to act independently albeit with supervisory access and guidance being readily available. Third, junior doctors’ needs change, not necessarily in a linear, uni-directional way. For supervisors, this means that they need to devise regular feedback opportunities for their trainees to articulate their developments, concerns and changing needs.
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Ramos, Alan Robson Alexandrino, Keyty Almeida de Oliveira i Francilene dos Santos Rodrigues. "Mercury-Based Mining in Yanomami Indigenous Lands and Accountabilities". Ambiente & Sociedade 23 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20180326r2vu2020l5ao.
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Abstract Mercury-based gold exploitation in Amazonian indigenous lands is illegal and leads to socio-environmental impacts. Yanomami people living near mining areas in Uraricoera River are exposed to contamination by mercury, which is a metal with bioaccumulation properties. The aims of the current study are to analyze the interdisciplinary nature of mercury-based placer mining carried out in Yanomami Indigenous Land, Roraima State, as well as to evaluate State agencies’ responses to this phenomenon. Based on bibliographical and documentary survey of qualitative approach, which involved Yanomami’s accounts, as well as police, administrative and judicial procedures implemented from 2013 to 2017, it was possible perceiving intense use of mercury in, and damages caused by, this illicit activity, as well as insufficient state action. There are divergences between protection and responsibilities described in the Brazilian legal system and the herein investigated illegal phenomenon, which violates indigenous rights, as well as scientific and ethical imperatives that can lead to the end of the world and of the Yanomami people.
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Ukwatte, Lalitha, Tehmina Khan, Pavithra Siriwardhane i Sarath Lal Ukwatte Jalathge. "Accountabilities and stakeholder expectations regarding asbestos-free building materials supply chain: an actor-network theory perspective". Meditari Accountancy Research, 27.01.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-12-2021-1550.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore issues relating to imposing a ban on the importation of asbestos-contaminated building materials (ACBMs) in the Australian context to better understand the multiple accountabilities and consequences. Design/methodology/approach This study undertakes a qualitative content analysis of the multiple accountabilities and stakeholder expectations using the lens of actor–network theory. This study further explores the weaknesses and complexities associated with implementing a complete ban on asbestos, ensuring that only asbestos-free building materials are imported to Australia. This study uses data collected from 15 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, responses from the Australian Border Force to a questionnaire and 215 counter accounts from the media, the Australian Government, industry organizations, non-governmental organizations and social group websites during the period from 2003 to 2021. Findings This study reveals that stakeholders' expectations of zero tolerance for asbestos have not been met. This assertion has been backed by evidence of asbestos contamination in imported building materials throughout recent years. Stakeholders say that the complete prevention of the importation of ACBMs has been delayed because of issues in policy implementations, opaque supply chain activities, lack of transparency and non-adherence to mandatory and self-regulated guidelines. Practical implications Stakeholders expect public and private sector organizations to meet their accountabilities through mandatory adoption of the given policy framework. Originality/value This research provides a road map to identify the multiple accountabilities, their related weaknesses and the lack of implementation of the necessary protocol, which prevents a critical aspect of legislation from being effectively implemented.
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Twiringiyimana, Remy, Chux Daniels i Joanna Chataway. "STI policy and governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Fostering actors’ interactions in research and innovation". Industry and Higher Education, 2.07.2021, 095042222110262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09504222211026218.
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This study investigates science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy and governance in relation to research and innovation (R&I) ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). To understand the implications of STI policy and governance on R&I, the authors focus on university, industry and government actors; using the Triple Helix and National Systems of Innovation approaches as analytical frameworks to guide the study. The authors identify a range of factors hindering R&I actors’ interactions, including gaps in STI governance responsibilities and accountabilities, policymaking and structural transitions, R&I management capacity and capability gaps. Based on the findings, they propose changes to policymaking and the governance of R&I in SSA, in addition to advancing innovative approaches such as ‘resource circulation’ in the context of knowledge, research and science infrastructure scarcity. The findings provide fresh insights into STI policy and governance frameworks, fostering actors’ interactions and supporting performance improvements in research, science and innovation systems across Africa.
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Starr, Karen. "What future for school business leadership? Recent change and looming possibilities". Management in Education, 2.11.2020, 089202062096985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020620969855.
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Fundamental widespread changes affecting education’s purposes, policies and practices have had transformational repercussions for school business across the developed world. Subsequently, school business demands and accountabilities continue to escalate in scope and complexity and governments, education authorities and school communities are acknowledging the primacy and imperative of proficient school business leadership. International research chronicling the subsequent rapid professionalisation of school business leaders demonstrates pervasive policy moves that have re-focused school business priorities. Drawing on research conducted in Australia, USA, UK, Canada and New Zealand this article describes recent widespread changes before discussing issues and trends portending future professional adaptation for school business leaders whose work lies at the cross hairs of macro pressures and micro necessities.
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Bennett, Sara, Eizabeth Ekirapa-Kiracho, Shehrin Shaila Mahmood, Ligia Paina i David H. Peters. "Strengthening social accountability in ways that build inclusion, institutionalization and scale: reflections on FHS experience". International Journal for Equity in Health 19, nr 1 (grudzień 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01341-x.
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AbstractThis editorial provides an introduction to the special issue on “Lessons about intervening in accountability ecosystems: implementation of community scorecards in Bangladesh and Uganda”. We start by describing the rationale for this work in the two study countries. While our project, the Future Health Systems (FHS) project, had been working over the course of more than a decade to strengthen health services, particularly for low income households in rural areas, our teams increasingly recognized how difficult it would be to sustain service improvements without fundamental changes to local accountabilities. Accordingly, in the final phase of the project 2016–2018, we designed, implemented and assessed community scorecard initiatives, in both Bangladesh and Uganda, with the aim of informing the design of a scalable social accountability initiative that could fundamentally shift the dynamics of health system accountability in favor of the poor and marginalized.We describe the particular characteristics of our approach to this task. Specifically we (i) conducted a mapping of accountabilities in each of the contexts so as to understand how our actions may interact with existing accountability mechanisms (ii) developed detailed theories of change that unpacked the mechanisms through which we anticipated the community scorecards would have effect, as well as how they would be institutionalized; and (iii) monitored closely the extent of inclusion and the equity effects of the scorecards. In summarizing this approach, we articulate the contributions made by different papers in this volume.
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Spina, Nerida, Rebecca Spooner-Lane, Julia Mascadri i Elizabeth Briant. "Enquiring into a teacher performance assessment: towards intelligent professional responsibility in initial teacher education". London Review of Education 20, nr 1 (7.12.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/lre.20.1.47.
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Teacher education is broadly seen as a policy problem in that it has failed to produce sufficient ‘classroom ready’ teachers. One accountability measure that has been introduced in Australia to address this purported problem is the capstone teacher performance assessments (TPAs). All Australian pre-service teachers must pass this hurdle assessment to be eligible for teacher registration, and all teacher education providers must provide evidence of the effectiveness of their programmes in producing classroom ready teachers to maintain accreditation. The research presented in this article investigated the experiences of a consortium of teacher educators from four Australian universities that implemented a nationally endorsed TPA known as the quality TPA (QTPA). Intelligent professional responsibility was used to consider the experiences and possibilities for educators working in a policy context characterised by increasing accountabilities. Our findings suggest that the introduction of the TPA in Australia created momentum for building collaborative national teacher education partnerships with a focus on improving programme quality and graduate readiness to teach. Our data illustrate how the introduction of a TPA policy mandate in Australia created an external accountability context that allowed for teacher educators to bolster the quality of teacher education programmes from within.
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Naqvi, Hussain Ali. "Expectations of the Ontario Healthcare System following the Implementation of Ontario Health Teams". Journal of Health Management, 23.11.2022, 097206342211280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09720634221128099.
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With the arrival of Ontario Health Teams (OHTs), healthcare providers, clinicians and patients seek to witness the efficacy of an integrated care model. OHTs are built on the concept of healthcare integration, coordinated care, shared fiscal and clinical accountabilities between multiple healthcare service providers, as well as bridging the gaps between the clinical, social and health promotional aspects of care delivery. This meta-narrative review seeks to examine, compare and determine the efficacy of the integrated care model using cross-sectional studies from around the world to see how integrated care effects health related outcomes. The efficacy of the model will be determined by evaluating the abilities of other integrated care models to reduce healthcare expenditures, improve coordination of care between healthcare service providers, bolster patient satisfaction and health outcomes, minimise emergency and life-threatening cases, lower emergency hospital admission rates as well as provide a comprehensive set of healthcare services including biomedical, mental and social supports. For future applications, this study could be used as a guideline to highlight areas of improvement in integrated care models, as well as to evaluate benefits of existing models and determine best approaches forward.
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Hummell, Eloise, Samantha J. Borg, Michele Foster, Karen R. Fisher i Catherine Needham. "Breaking Up Is Risky Business: Personalisation and Collaboration in a Marketised Disability Sector". Social Policy and Society, 10.10.2022, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746422000410.
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The marketisation of disability support driven by individualised funding brings new dilemmas for multi-agency collaboration, in particular how to provide personalised supports while remaining commercially viable. This article explores the challenges, risks and adaptations of organisations to navigate the tensions of personalisation and collaboration. Framed by street-level research and using the context of Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), this article draws on interviews with twenty-eight organisational managers. Multi-agency challenges are highlighted when several providers are delivering parts of a NDIS participant’s plan, blurring organisational responsibilities and accountabilities. Interviews also revealed the paradox of organisational disconnection and organisational dependence concerning quality support provision and described the collaborative responses organisations implement to ensure their sustainability. There is commitment among organisations to build a trusted ecosystem of providers, but this is largely discretionary and there is a need for further policy mechanisms to enable organisations to negotiate a way through multi-agency dilemmas.
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Kakoti, Misimi, Devaki Nambiar, Amy Bestman, Damian Garozzo-Vaglio i Kent Buse. "How to embed equity in the conduct of health research: lessons from piloting the 8Quity tool". Health Policy and Planning, 10.02.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czad010.
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Abstract Global health research reflects and can either perpetuate or challenge the complex power hierarchies and inequities that characterize our systems for health and the societies in which they are situated. The imperative to embed equity in health research aligns with broader efforts globally to promote equitable partnerships among researchers, and between researchers and the communities potentially impacted by their research, or with whom knowledge is co-produced. We describe lessons learnt from piloting a heuristic and diagnostic tool for researchers to assess integration of equity considerations into their research practices. The ‘8Quity’ tool comprises eight domains of equity we developed which roughly correspond to the typical stages in the research process—from team formation to capacity-strengthening, research ethics and governance to relationships with research partners, participants, and stakeholders beyond the project period. Resources that detail how this may be done on a practical level are also shared, corresponding to each of the eight domains. We acknowledge that tools like 8Quity may be helpful, even necessary, but are insufficient for the broader societal change required to ensure equity in the research enterprise. However, by firmly setting intentions and accountabilities within our research practices, we can (as researchers) play a role, however modest, in turning the tide of the injustices that leave some communities behind.
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Kanon, Miranda, i Thomas Andersson. "Working on connective professionalism: What cross-sector strategists in Swedish public organizations do to develop connectivity in addressing ‘wicked’ policy problems". Journal of Professions and Organization, 11.02.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpo/joac020.
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Abstract In light of current debates on ‘protective’ and ‘connective’ professionalism, this article explores a new type of occupational position that is emerging within the Swedish public sector: the cross-sector strategist. The growing presence of this intermediary occupational position is seen as attempts to formalize and institutionalize the imprecise roles and governance of ‘wicked’ policy problems, and the job of these strategists is focused on supporting other jurisdictions to meet and act. By pursuing connective strategies in the form of triggering, selling, bridging, brokering, and forming accountabilities, cross-sector strategists seek to establish embedded workspaces where strategic action and decisions can be produced jointly and across jurisdictional boundaries. The study illustrates how calls for changes in professional action towards connectivity are now part of the formal organizational structure of public sector organizations, confirming the incapability of professional actors to connect in the absence of intermediary support functions. In the concluding discussion, we consider the relevance of ‘connective professionalism’ as a descriptive theoretical device applied to work settings understood as increasingly complex and interdependent, with calls for inter-professional collaboration and intensifying engagement in preventing problems rather than simply treating them.
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Li, Yanwei, Xiaolei Qin i Joop Koppenjan. "Accountability through public participation? Experiences from the ten-thousand-citizen review in Nanjing, China". Journal of Public Policy, 19.04.2021, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x21000027.
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Abstract In this contribution, we report on an in-depth case study of the ten-thousand-citizen review in Nanjing, an initiative to deal with the accountability deficit with which many Chinese governments have to cope. Nanjing Municipality invited citizens to evaluate officials’ performance, and their reviews influenced the scores of officials’ remunerations and even their careers. On the basis of theory, in this study, we develop a typology that is used to analyse how the introduction of this new horizontal practice of “letting citizens judge” influenced the existing accountability relations and how these relationships evolved over time. Our findings show that citizens’ involvement initially resulted in a practice in which types of accountability were mixed and resulted in a situation of multiple accountabilities disorder. Only gradually were accountability characteristics aligned and the accountability deficit and overload reduced. This demonstrates the difficulties and challenges of introducing horizontal accountability arrangements in existing accountability systems.
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De Feyter, Sophie. "Impact of international donors’ new policy agenda on project collaboration between community-based women organizations and NGOs in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya". Afrika Focus 24, nr 1 (1.02.2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v24i1.4994.
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This article first describes the New Policy Agenda (NPA), af market-based ideology iniuencing donor agencies’ strategies for international development. The article then continues to discuss how community-based women organizations (CBWOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) evaluate their collaborations or ‘partnerships’ in practice in the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya. We tested the research hypothesis that the NPA reduces the likelihood of achieving equitable partnerships because of its insistence on ‘contracting’ partners, i.e. creating a patron-client relationship. This was carried out through qualitative research consisting mainly of semi-structured interviews and participatory observation with NGOs and CBWO representatives working in Kibera. Research results show that the contract conditions for CBWOs to enter into a partnership may reduce the chances of the most vulnerable groups in society of obtaining assistance. This ‘contracting’ relationship may also cause a loss of CBWO members’ motivation. The NPA and its emphasis on saving time and money also has a negative impact not only on the external development actors’ knowledge about the development context, but also on the multiple accountabilities in a CBWO-NGO partnership, on the quick-fix nature of the solutions applied to remedy the lack of accountability and on the practical implementation of ‘participatory development’ in Kibera. Key words: development, donor relations, contract, participatory development