Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Poland Industry and trade

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Poland Industry and trade”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Poland Industry and trade"

Sezer, Şerife, i Mahmut Masca. "An Analysis of Intra-Industry Trade with Some Selected European Union Countries in the Turkish Manufacturing Industry". Bulgarian Journal of International Economics and Politics 1, nr 2 (20.06.2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37075/bjiep.2021.2.03.

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This study aims to analyse intra-industry trade in the manufacturing industry sector with the EU countries, where Turkey has the most trade. The period of the study is 2000-2020. The countries examined are Germany, France, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Belgium-Luxembourg, Sweden, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Austria, Ireland, Denmark, and the UK. In the analysis, the Grubel Lloyd index was used, which is one of the widely applied static measurement methods in the literature. The study discusses intra-industry trade of manufacturing industry products according to the 3rd revision of the Standard International Trade Classification. According to the analysis results, when Turkey’s foreign trade is evaluated on a sectoral basis, it has been observed that high intra-industry trade is realized in product groups with low added value. Another result obtained is that intra-industry trade with the UK, Germany, France, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania reached high values. Keywords: Intra-industry Trade, Manufacturing Industry, Grubel Lloyd Index JEL: B17, F0, F5, F11, F14

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Moczulski, Michał. "Intra industry trade between Poland and Germany in the automotive industry". Studia i Prace WNEiZ 53 (2018): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sip.2018.53/2-19.

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Kraciuk, Jakub. "INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS BETWEEN POLAND AND EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXV, nr 4 (6.11.2023): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9669.

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The aim of this article is to elucidate intra-industry trade in agri-food products between Poland and other EU countries. This approach focuses on the analysis of Poland’s intra-industry trade with the integrative group and selected EU countries, distinguishing between horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. It also identifies the countries with which Poland exports higher-quality product groups than it imports, and those to which it exports lower-quality agri-food products compared to the ones it imports. The Grubel-Lloyd index (IIT – intra-industry trade) is applied to calculate intra-industry trade. To differentiate between vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade, unit values are utilized, assuming that relative prices reflect relative characteristics, where horizontally differentiated products are homogeneous (perfect substitutes) and possess the same quality, while vertically differentiated products have varying prices reflecting different qualities. A division was also made into high vertical intra-industry trade, characterized by higher-quality exported products, and low vertical intra-industry trade, characterized by higher-quality imported products. The research findings indicate that Poland’s trade in agri-food products with EU countries predominantly exhibits characteristics of vertical intra-industry trade, with the quality of exported products generally surpassing that of imported ones.

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Pawlak, Karolina. "INTENSITY AND STRUCTURE OF INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS OBSERVED IN POLISH AND EU FOREIGN TRADE WITH THE US". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, nr 4 (19.11.2019): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5812.

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The aim of this paper was to investigate the intensity and determine the type of intra-industry trade in agri-food products of Poland and the EU with the US. Analysis was based on data coming from the Comext-Eurostat database applying the 6-digit HS classification in 2007 and 2018. The intensity of intra-industry trade was established using the Grubel-Lloyd index, taking the diversification of intra-industry trade into horizontal, high-quality vertical, and low-quality vertical trade into consideration. The individual types were determined applying the criteria of similarity in unit values in exports and imports, proposed by David Greenaway et al. [1994]. Analysis showed that trade in agri-food products of Poland and the EU with the US developed mainly following a model of inter-industry specialisation. Intra-industry trade was observed primarily in trade in highly processed products. Analyses of EU trade with the US indicate the greatest role of intra-industry trade in high quality differentiated products, which may hardly be supplemented by other goods, while in Polish trade with the US it was vertical trade in low quality goods, which may be relatively readily replaced by products coming from other countries, in turn potentially leading to the loss of Poland’s share in the target market.

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Pasińska, Dorota. "Konkurencyjność krajów Unii Europejskiej w handlu zagranicznym produktami wołowymi". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 19(34), nr 4 (30.12.2019): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2019.19.4.58.

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The main purpose of the article is an attempt to assess the competitiveness of European Union trade in foreign trade in beef products in 2017 compared to 2005. In order to achieve the objective of the study, a comparative analysis (for exports, import value, balance of foreign trade in beef products, the index of revealed comparative advantage of RCA, the comparative advantage of Lafay and the Grubel-Llyod indicator) was used. In 2005 and 2017, the following countries had a comparative advantage in trade in beef products: Austria, France, Ireland, Luxembourg and Poland. Those which did not have a comparative advantage: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Malta, Spain, Sweden, Portugal and Great Britain. In 2017, most EU countries implemented the intra-industry trade model. In 2017, compared to 2005, some EU countries changed their trade model from inter-industry to intra-industry or vice versa. In 2017, Poland was fifth among the largest EU exporters of beef products in the EU, and the share of beef products imported to Poland in the import of beef products of EU countries was very low (and amounted to about 1%).

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Łapińska, Justyna. "Determinant factors of intra-industry trade: the case of Poland and its European Union trading partners". Equilibrium 11, nr 2 (30.06.2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2016.011.

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This study has investigated the country-specific determinants of intra-industry exchange between Poland and its European Union trading partners during the time period 2002–2011. The analysis of the factors determining the Polish bilateral intra-industry trade with European Union countries applied an econometric model for panel data. As follows from the research, the intensity of intra-industry trade is dependent on numerous factors. The factors that exert a positive impact on the development of intra-trade exchange include the participation of processed products in bilateral trade between Poland and UE states, the intensity of trade with specific countries as well as the size of a partner country measured by its GDP per capita. Increases in the intra-trade turnover are also facilitated by EU membership and by the fact that Poland’s trade partners use a similar language, belonging to the group of the Slavic languages. The intensity of intra-trade exchange is weakened by the degree of the imbalance of trade turnover between trading partners, geographical distance that separates trading partners and significant differences in the size of trading partners’ GDPs.

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Łapińska, Justyna, Grzegorz Kądzielawski i Radosław Dziuba. "Country-Specific Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Clothing and Footwear between Poland and European Union Countries". Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 27, nr 4(136) (31.08.2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1816.

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The present study investigated the country-specific determinants of intra-industry trade between Poland and its European Union trading partners in clothing and footwear during the time period 2004–2017. The econometric model for panel data was used to identify the factors determining bilateral intra-industry trade with EU countries. The research findings show that the size of the trading partners' economies has a positive impact on the development of intra-industry trade in clothing and footwear. The size of the country, measured by the size of its GDP, is equated with the size of the market and the possibilities of selling differentiated products in it. The geographical distance separating the trading countries turned out to be a factor limiting the development of intra-industry trade. An unfavourable effect on the intensity of intra-industry trade is also the degree of imbalance in trade between trade partners. The study confirmed that the direction of the impact of all determinants of intra-industry trade identified is consistent with the predictions of the theory.

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Ambroziak, Łukasz. "FDI and Intra-industry Trade in the Automotive Industry in the New EU Member States". International Journal of Management and Economics 52, nr 1 (1.12.2016): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2016-0025.

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Abstract This paper investigates the extent to which foreign direct investment (FDI) influenced intra-industry trade (IIT) in automotive products in six New EU Member States (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) in the 1995–2014 period. Changes in IIT intensity are analysed using the Grubel-Lloyd indices. To examine the IIT pattern, IIT indices are divided into two types of trade: IIT in vertically differentiated products (low and high quality VIIT) and IIT in horizontally differentiated products (HIIT). The research indicates that IIT in automotive products allowed manufacturers and consumers from the new EU Member States to benefit more from international trade. FDI inflow to the automotive sector of the NMS has been a key factor shaping IIT in automotive products.

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Bórawski, Piotr, Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska, Andrzej Parzonko, Tomasz Rokicki i Lisa Holden. "Changes in the comparative advantage of Polish dairy products". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 68, No. 12 (21.12.2022): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/322/2022-agricecon.

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Competitiveness is one of the key concepts in economic sciences, andit is defined as the ability of businesses to compete in the market. The aim of this study was to assess the competitiveness of dairy products in Poland. The competitiveness was evaluated in a macroeconomic approach by analysing the exports, imports, and the trade balance. The results were processed and presented with the use of tabular, graphic, and descriptive methods. After Poland joined the European Union (EU) in 2004, one of the key goals was to improve the quality, storage, and applicability of dairy products, and to promote trade in milk and dairy products. The Polish dairy industry reported a positive balance in the foreign trade of milk and dairy products, which contributed to positive values in the competitiveness indicators of dairy products. The values of the export specialisation index (SI), export revealed comparative advantage (XRCA), relative import penetration index (MRCA), foreign trade coverage ratio (CRK), and the Grubel-Lloyd intra-industry trade index (IITk) were positive, which attests to the competitiveness of Polish dairy products. We proved that the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the competitiveness of dairy enterprises in Poland.

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Folfas, Pawel, i Beáta Udvari. "Chemical industry and value-added trade – A comparative study on Hungary and Poland". Acta Oeconomica 69, nr 1 (marzec 2019): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2019.69.1.5.

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Nowadays, global production networks (GPN) and global value chains (GVC) play an important role in the world economy intensifying the trade and production networks and resulting in products having value-added in different countries. The analysis of how many intermediate products a country imports in order to produce a product and of how many products a country exports to another country in order to produce new products draws the attention to value-added trade. In the present study, we compare the Hungarian and Polish value-added trade of chemicals and chemical products. We use the OECD-WTO data of value-added trade, which is based on an input-output table. By calculating numerous indices, we reveal that the domestic value-added of chemicals and chemical products in the two countries was relatively low and should be increased by adequate economic policy.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Poland Industry and trade"

Dietz, Sarah. "Bradford Mills at Marki, Warsaw: A Case Study of British Entrepreneurship in Russian Poland 1883 – 1914". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13700.

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This thesis explores the late-nineteenth century partnership between Bradford worsted manufacturers the Briggs brothers and the German merchant Ernst Posselt, and their subsequent foreign direct investment in a modern factory and workers’ community at Marki, near Warsaw, in Russian Poland. Protectionism and increasing foreign competition are discussed, among many complex economic pressures on British industry, as likely catalysts for this enterprise and the general historiography of the Polish lands is explored to reveal a climate of extraordinary opportunity for well-capitalised foreign industrialists in this period. This thesis provides fresh perspective on the role of the consular service in facilitating British foreign enterprise and, in context of the Bradford partners’ strategy for local integration through social networking and religious affiliation, presents unique findings regarding the character and operations of Warsaw’s elite commercial community in the late-nineteenth century. Through the development and domination of market and raw materials sources, this venture is shown to have monopolised worsted manufacture in the Russian Empire, using state of the art technology to create, and modern marketing techniques to promote, its product range and evolving image. Aspects of British and Polish social history are compared to assess the efficacy of introducing the model-community concept, in combination with a radical employment policy, to less industrially-developed Russian Poland. The instrumentality of an expatriate community of skilled Yorkshire foremen in diffusing British industrial technology throughout the Russian Empire is described, against a backdrop of political instability and social upheaval which dramatically impacted on business behaviour after 1905.

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Samsel, Anna. "Regulierung der polnischen Gaswirtschaft unter Transformationsbedingungen : der Beitritt Polens zur EU unter Berücksichtigung des europäischen Energie- und Wettbewerbsrechts /". Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015019841&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Daheur, Jawad. "Le Parc à bois de l'Allemagne : course aux ressources et hégémonie commerciale dans les bassins de la Vistule et de la Warta (1840-1914)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG041.

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Cette étude traite des stratégies allemandes pour prendre le contrôle des ressources en bois d’oeuvre dans l’espace baltique entre 1840 et 1914. Centré sur le commerce dans les bassins de la Vistule et de la Warta, elle montre comment la puissance allemande montante y est parvenue à sécuriser un accès bon marché et stable aux ressources ligneuses. Les firmes établirent leur domination commerciale en développant des technologies de transport et en renforçant leurs capacités financières et organisationnelles, tout cela en tirant profit des faiblesses économiques et politiques locales. En analysant les dimensions écologiques et économiques de l’extraction et de la transformation des bois, la thèse souligne le rôle joué par les importations dans la préservation des forêts allemandes. Elle présente également les impacts de cette évolution sur les populations locales et l’environnement. En conclusion, la thèse plaide pour une histoire authentiquement globale de la forêt allemande
This thesis deals with the German attempts to take control over timber resources in the Baltic area between 1840 and 1914. Focused on the trade in the Vistula and Warta river basins, it shows how the rising German economy managed to make the local forests into its backyard by securing cheap and stable access to timber resources. German firms progressively achieved trade dominance by developing transport technologies and reinforcing their financial and organizational capacities. They also managed to take advantage of the local economic and political weaknesses. Through ecological and economic explanation of timber extraction and processing, the thesis underlines the role played by foreign timber in the preservation of the German forests. It also describes the impact of this process on the local population and environment. Finally, the thesis advocates for a truly global history of the German forest

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Bezpartochnyi, Maksim, i Olga Pelekh. "Trade enterprises in poland: current trends and prospects". Thesis, Університет "Україна", 2015. http://dspace.puet.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2618.

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Chen, Tina Yiping. "Trade liberalisation, intra-industry trade and adjustment costs". Phd thesis, 1999, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144503.

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Fung, Ping Kuen. "Motor-trade industry in Macau". Thesis, University of Macau, 1995. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636714.

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Jones, David Francis. "Financing Roman trade and industry". Thesis, Open University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402255.

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Pereira, Ricardo Jorge Campos. "Cofemel´s internationalization plan to Poland". Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9807.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics.
Internationalization has become a crucial process for the survival and growth of firms in general so that, this thesis presents an internationalization plan through a franchising strategy for Cofemel. It is a clothing company creator of the brand Tiffosi in 1978. Its main activity is to manufacture and trade exterior apparel, which includes the common clothing, such as: trousers, shirts, jeans, sweaters, dresses and accessories. Since Cofemel opened its first Tiffosi´s store, the brand started to grow fast. But, contrary of what seemed a good performance in 2008, the firm was near the bankrupt mostly because it was a family´s business where members were poorly prepared exercising executive and strategic positions. The strategy and objectives were not clear for a long period before 2008 so that it lead the company to have 29 millions of sales but a negative net income of 6 million euros in that year. VNC Group – a group led by António Vila Nova – in 2008 decided to buy Cofemel in that situation and thanks to his long experience in this market he was able to restructure the company totally and turn it into a competitive and sustainable firm. In 2009, the results became positives and Cofemel with its brand Tiffosi started to growth strategically on the market, establishing objectives for the future. Therefore, it emerged the opportunity to expand to Poland and the entry mode was chosen using an analysis of various available hypotheses and a market study. It also presents an implementation plan with duration of two years.

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Sağlam, Aziz İbrahim. "Three essays on international trade strategic trade policies, intra-industry trade, and income convergence /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4602.

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Hanson, Gordon H. (Gordon Howard). "Industry agglomeration and trade in Mexico". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13177.

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Książki na temat "Poland Industry and trade"

leggera, Centro studi industria, i AKTRIN Research Institute, red. The furniture industry in Poland. High Point, NC: jointly published by AKTRIN Research Institute and Centro studi industria leggera, Milano, Italy, 2000.

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Polański, Z. The fishery industry in Poland. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Fishery Industries Division, 1996.

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Goh, Chor-ching. Trade protection and industry wage structure in Poland. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Goh, Chor-ching. Trade protection and industry wage structure in Poland. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.

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Limited, Rapra Technology. Doing plastics business in Poland, 2005 conference: International conference, Krakow, Poland, 30-31 May 2005. Shawbury: Rapra Technology, 2005.

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Olechowski, Andrzej. Chemicals from Poland: A tempest in a teacup. Washington, D.C. (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Country Economics Dept., World Bank, 1991.

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Limited, Rapra Technology. Doing plastics business in Poland, 2005 conference: International conference, Krakow, Poland, 30-31 May 2005. Shawbury: Rapra Technology, 2005.

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Zimny, Steffen. Opel in Poland: An analysis of automotive investment in Central Europe. Osnabrück: Der Andere Verlag, 2004.

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Dawson, John A. Internationalisation of food retailing in Poland: The management of scarcity? Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh, Management School, 1999.

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Bukowski, Waldemar, red. Korespondencja żupnika krakowskiego Mikołaja Serafina z lat 1437 - 1459. Kraków, Poland: Towarzystwo Naukowe Societas Vistulana, 2006.

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Części książek na temat "Poland Industry and trade"

Pilc, Michał, Beata Woźniak-Jęchorek, Katarzyna Woźniak i Dawid Piątek. "Industry 4.0 in the Messages Published by Employers and Trade Unions in France, Germany, Poland, and the UK". W Digitalization and Firm Performance, 157–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83360-2_7.

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El-Agraa, Ali M. "Intra-industry Trade". W International Trade, 242–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10206-8_16.

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Södersten, Bo, i Geoffrey Reed. "Intra-industry Trade". W International Economics, 146–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15030-4_8.

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Södersten, Bo, i Geoffrey Reed. "Intra-Industry Trade". W International Economics, 146–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23320-5_8.

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Horvat, Branko. "Intra-Industry Trade". W The Theory of International Trade, 82–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780333983386_13.

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Sawyer, W. Charles, i Richard L. Sprinkle. "Intra-industry trade". W Applied International Economics, 93–116. 5th Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Revised edition of the authors’ Applied international economics, 2015.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429425547-5.

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Crowson, Phillip. "Industry and Trade". W Economics for Managers, 208–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17812-4_9.

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Citaristi, Ileana. "Trade and Industry". W The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022, 873–79. Wyd. 24. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003292548-163.

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Burns, Alan. "Trade and Industry". W History of Nigeria, 297–305. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003363088-27.

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Stawicki, Aleksander, Bartosz Turno i Tomasz Feliszewski. "Poland". W Abuse of Dominant Position and Globalization & Protection and Disclosure of Trade Secrets and Know-How, 175–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46891-4_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Poland Industry and trade"

C., William. "Innolot: International Manufacturing Technology Development in Poland". W Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14625.

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The Innolot program represented some firsts for Sikorsky Aircraft and its Polish subsidiary, PZL Mielec. It was the first win of an international research and development program for Sikorsky as well as the largest manufacturing technology investment by either company. The conditions surrounding the program were also somewhat unique. The technologies and innovations developed existed in the United States and Europe, however they did not exist in Polish industry. The supply base was non-existent and little expertise in any of the technologies proposed existed outside of academia. Guidance and support from the United States was provided within a robust International Trade Compliance (ITC) process with special emphasis on avoiding inadvertent exports of manufacturing "know how". This program was a "first" in terms of technology and size for PZL Mielec, therefore an appropriate program management structure and culture was created and coached to insure proper control of projects replete with discovery. This paper explores the cultural as well as the technological aspects that led to a successful conclusion of the program in the spirit of the Vertical Flight Society: "…engineers, scientists and others working to advance vertical flight technology".

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Kłysik, Agnieszka. "Challenges of Firm's Internationalization: Polish Perspective". W ‎4th International Conference on ‎Administrative ‎& Financial Sciences. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/icafs2023/paper.892.

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This paper investigates the challenges faced by Polish firms during the internationalization process, emphasizing the unique historical, economic, and cultural context of Poland. The internationalization of businesses has become increasingly important for growth, competitiveness, and risk diversification, particularly for firms in emerging economies like Poland. The study, employing a mixed-methods research approach, is explorative and its results should be understood as the starting point for further studies. The main objective is to assess the scale of involvement of Polish companies in OFDI as well as to identify the main challenges encountered by Polish firms as they venture into international markets. Main findings of the paper reveal that Polish companies are at the early stage of internationalization – the scale of investment expansion of Polish companies is very low. The OFDI/GDP ratio places Poland third from last among all EU countries (including the so-called 'New' EU countries). Analyzed data from National Bank of Poland and Eurostat reveals a notable shift in the structure of stock OFDI in Poland between 2013 and 2021. While the total industry sector experienced growth in share, particularly in manufacturing, the total services sector witnessed a slight decline, despite remaining the largest aggregate. Key changes were observed in financial and insurance activities, wholesale and retail trade, and administrative and support service activities. The key challenges identified in the paper include access to finance, cultural and language barriers, acquiring market knowledge and establishing effective entry strategies, and also lack of network cooperation or good practices share that would help new players to enter foreign markets. That highlights the role of government and institutional support, in facilitating the internationalization process for Polish firms. The findings of this study offer insights for Polish firms, policymakers, and stakeholders, providing a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities in the internationalization process. Furthermore, this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the internationalization of firms from emerging economies and highlights potential avenues for future research in this area.

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Böhme, D., R. Huber i A. Ohliger-Volmer. "Experiences in Education/Training and Qaulification of Thermal Spraying Personnel According International Guidelines and Standards". W ITSC2005, redaktor E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p1053.

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Abstract In the field of thermal spraying a lot of things have been and still are happening concerning education and training of personnel. The education and training of thermal sprayers according EWF-Guideline is required frequently in combination of the international standard DIN EN ISO 14918 “Approval Testing of Thermal Sprayers” - especially in the German-language countries. Meanwhile about 13 ETS courses were held at the German Welding Institute. Also interested in the education and training of thermal sprayers are countries like Poland and China. In France thermal spray personnel was educated and trained in a company internal course. Sweden and Norway run ETS courses in cooperation. The EWF education and training course of the ETSS European Thermal Spraying Specialist will be offered by the German Welding Institute in Munich - SLV München - for the nineth time in October 2005. Since about 1993 European Committees of EWF (European Federation of Welding, Joining and Cutting) and CEN (European Committee or Standardization) worked out education and training guidelines and qualification standards of thermal spray supervising personnel and sprayers and established them step by step. The meanwhile created and internationally accepted EWF-education and training guidelines of supervising personnel and thermal spray workers involve also the new ISO standards of the Thermal Spraying Co-ordinator and the Approval Testing of Thermal Sprayers. The ISO personnel qualification and quality management standards result together with the EWF education and training guidelines in a sound QM-system, which meets the increased demands of trade and industry of high quality sprayed coating. Experiences in applying these guidelines and standards are introduced.

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Tarnowska, Agnieszka, i Anna Kowalska. "Production and foreign trade in vegetables in Poland". W 19th International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2018". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2018.058.

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Laska, Adam. "THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT IN POLAND DURING 1918-1939". W NORDSCI Conference on Social Sciences. SAIMA CONSULT LTD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2018/b1/v1/24.

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Romaniuk, Ryszard S. "Development of optical sciences in Poland". W Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2013, redaktor Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2035434.

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Wójcik, Waldemar, i Ryszard Romaniuk. "Optical fiber technology development in Poland". W Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2010, redaktor Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.871180.

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Gajda, Jerzy, i Ryszard S. Romaniuk. "Development of laser technology in Poland". W Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2010, redaktor Ryszard S. Romaniuk. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.871181.

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Skowron-Grabowska, Beata, Katarzyna Sukiennik i Tomasz Szczepanik. "Growth of Transport Industry and Economic Development in Poland". W MultiScience - XXIX. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2015.037.

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Grzyb, Karolina. "Industry 4.0 Market in Poland from the International Perspective". W Hradec Economic Days 2019, redaktorzy Petra Maresova, Pavel Jedlicka i Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2019-01-025.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Poland Industry and trade"

Goh, Chor-ching, i Beata Smarzynska Javorcik. Trade Protection and Industry Wage Structure in Poland. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luty 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11143.

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Russo, Margherita, Fabrizio Alboni, Jorge Carreto Sanginés, Manlio De Domenico, Giuseppe Mangioni, Simone Righi i Annamaria Simonazzi. The Changing Shape of the World Automobile Industry: A Multilayer Network Analysis of International Trade in Components and Parts. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, styczeń 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp173.

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In 2018, after 25 years of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States requested new rules which, among other requirements, increased the regional con-tent in the production of automotive components and parts traded between the three part-ner countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Signed by all three countries, the new trade agreement, USMCA, is to go into force in 2022. Nonetheless, after the 2020 Presi-dential election, the new treaty's future is under discussion, and its impact on the automo-tive industry is not entirely defined. Another significant shift in this industry – the acceler-ated rise of electric vehicles – also occurred in 2020: while the COVID-19 pandemic largely halted most plants in the automotive value chain all over the world, at the reopen-ing, the tide is now running against internal combustion engine vehicles, at least in the an-nouncements and in some large investments planned in Europe, Asia and the US. The definition of the pre-pandemic situation is a very helpful starting point for the analysis of the possible repercussions of the technological and geo-political transition, which has been accelerated by the epidemic, on geographical clusters and sectorial special-isations of the main regions and countries. This paper analyses the trade networks emerg-ing in the past 25 years in a new analytical framework. In the economic literature on inter-national trade, the study of the automotive global value chains has been addressed by us-ing network analysis, focusing on the centrality of geographical regions and countries while largely overlooking the contribution of countries' bilateral trading in components and parts as structuring forces of the subnetwork of countries and their specific position in the overall trade network. The paper focuses on such subnetworks as meso-level structures emerging in trade network over the last 25 years. Using the Infomap multilayer clustering algorithm, we are able to identify clusters of countries and their specific trades in the automotive internation-al trade network and to highlight the relative importance of each cluster, the interconnec-tions between them, and the contribution of countries and of components and parts in the clusters. We draw the data from the UN Comtrade database of directed export and import flows of 30 automotive components and parts among 42 countries (accounting for 98% of world trade flows of those items). The paper highlights the changes that occurred over 25 years in the geography of the trade relations, with particular with regard to denser and more hierarchical network gener-ated by Germany’s trade relations within EU countries and by the US preferential trade agreements with Canada and Mexico, and the upsurge of China. With a similar overall va-riety of traded components and parts within the main clusters (dominated respectively by Germany, US and Japan-China), the Infomap multilayer analysis singles out which com-ponents and parts determined the relative positions of countries in the various clusters and the changes over time in the relative positions of countries and their specialisations in mul-tilateral trades. Connections between clusters increase over time, while the relative im-portance of the main clusters and of some individual countries change significantly. The focus on US and Mexico and on Germany and Central Eastern European countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) will drive the comparative analysis.

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Irwin, Douglas. Trade Politics and the Semiconductor Industry. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maj 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4745.

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Becuwe, Stéphane, Bertrand Blancheton i Christopher Meissner. The French (Trade) Revolution of 1860: Intra-Industry Trade and Smooth Adjustment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, październik 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25173.

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Melitz, Mark. The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8881.

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Fisman, Raymond, i Inessa Love. Trade Credit, Financial Intermediary Development and Industry Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maj 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8960.

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Bernard, Andrew, J. Bradford Jensen i Peter Schott. Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9639.

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Alessandria, George, i Oscar Avila-Montealegre. Trade Integration, Industry Reallocation, and Welfare in Colombia. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31378.

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Markusen, James, i Anthony Venables. The Theory of Endowment, Intra-Industry, and Multinational Trade. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5529.

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Hoag, Jr, i Ethan D. Enhancing the Competitiveness of Vietnamese Industry Through Trade Liberalization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, listopad 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594139.

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