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Cusick, Allison W. "Poa bulbosa Subsp. Bulbosa (Poaceae) in North America: An Update". Rhodora 115, nr 963 (lipiec 2013): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3119/13-04.
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Kaybeleva, Elmira I., Ekaterina A. Arkhipova, Olga I. Yudakova i Maxim Yu Voronin. "The Poa bulbosa L. Reproductive Strategy in the Steppe Phytocenoses of the Lower Volga Region". Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 20, nr 4 (23.11.2020): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2020-20-4-395-403.
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Poa bulbosa L. is a native cereal of the European and Mediterranean flora and an invasive species in North America. The study of its reproductive strategy in different environmental and climatic conditions is important for the development of effective methods of containment and prevention of invasions. Plants of two coenopopulations were investigated embryologically. In addition, the morphology of reproductive organs was analyzed in 175 herbarium specimens collected in the flora of the Lower Volga region from 1919 to 2017. It was found that in the steppe phytocenoses of the Lower Volga region P. bulbosa reproduce mainly vegetatively by basal bulbs and pseudoviviparous bulblets. Rarely, seed mode reproduction in the form of facultative apomixis is realized. There was no dependence of the mode of reproduction (pseudovivipary / seed reproduction) on the date of growing season beginning and on the average temperature in the period from the beginning of the growing season to flowering. The effectiveness of pseudovivipary is low due to the aridity of the Lower Volga region climate. Bulblets germinate in inflorescences and then dry. This holds back the P. bulbosa wider distribution in the studied region.
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Volaire, Florence, Geneviève Conéjero i François Lelièvre. "Drought survival and dehydration tolerance in Dactylis glomerata and Poa bulbosa". Functional Plant Biology 28, nr 8 (2001): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00162.
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To analyse the contribution of dormancy and dehydration tolerance to drought survival of perennial grasses, we compared Poa bulbosa L., which is classified as a resurrection plant, with one of the most drought resistant cultivars of MediterraneanDactylis glomerata L. Comparing periods when dormancy was induced in Poa (summer) and not induced (winter), we aimed to ascertain the presence of differential plant responses between dormancy and dehydration tolerance and to characterise water status, sugar and dehydrin accumulation in surviving organs of Poa and Dactylis, in relation to their ability to survive intense drought. Irrespective of the dormancy status of Poa, the bulbs of this species had a final water content lower than 10% and survived an extreme drought. This could be associated with the accumulation of sucrose and the expression of a high number (>10) of dehydrins that peaked when the water content of the bulbs fell below 50%, whether this dehydration was due to dormancy induction or increasing soil water deficit. The independence of dormancy to dehydration tolerance was reinforced by the expression of a specific dehydrin (approx. 28 kDa) found only in irrigated, but dormant, tissues of Poa. The Dactylis exhibited contrasting survival between experiments (46 and 0% after a summer and winter drought, respectively). The mortality was associated with a significantly higher rate of decrease of the membrane stability of leaf bases of Dactylis in winter and with barely detectable amounts of sucrose contents in droughted roots. However, neither the water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in leaf bases nor the overall accumulation of dehydrins could be related to the contrasting survival of this Dactylis between the two seasons. Since in seeds of Poa and Dactylis, the accumulation of dehydrins was comparable with that found in droughted aerial tissues of the same species, the expression of these proteins must interact with other mechanisms to confer dehydration tolerance.
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Dzhapova, Vita, Nikita Jimbeev i Denis Budaev. "Summer Food Ration of the Microtus Socialis Pall. at Chernye Zemli of the Republic of Kalmykia". Полевые исследования 7, nr 7 (10.11.2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-4328-2020-7-17-24.
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Цель настоящего исследования — определить состав летнего рациона Microtus socialis Pall. (общественная полевка). Материал и методы. Материалы по составу летнего рациона Microtus socialis Pall. получены на территории Черных земель (северо-западный Прикаспий) Республики Калмыкия с использованием метода кутикулярного микрогистологического анализа экскрементов. Результаты. В рационе общественной полевки выявлено 26 видов растений. Основу летнего рациона составляют злаки (54 %), преимущественно Poa bulbosa. Разнотравье потребляется общественной полевкой в несколько меньшем количестве (46 %), но также играет важную роль в питании в летний период. Выводы. Основу летнего рациона Microtus socialis Pall. на Черных землях составляют вегетативные и генеративные органы эфемероида Poa bulbosa. Преобладание мятлика луковичного в летнем рационе связано с тем, что и после завершения вегетации луковицы этого вида сохраняются до начала нового вегетационного сезона, являясь легкодоступным кормом.
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OFIR, M. "Seasonal Changes in the Response to Temperature of Summer-dormant Poa bulbosa L. Bulbs". Annals of Botany 58, nr 1 (lipiec 1986): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087190.
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Sadyrova, Gulbanu, Ainur Tanybaeva, Tursynkul Bazarbaeva, Gulzhanat Mukanova i Saule Dzhamilova. "DIVERSITY OF DESERT VEGETATION OF THE KETPEN RIDGE". Eurasian Journal of Ecology 79, nr 2 (2024): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/eje.2024.v79.i2-011.
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The article presents the results of many years of research into the desert vegetation of the Ketpen ridge. The paper presents an analysis of the desert vegetation of the Ketpen ridge. Within the study area, desert vegetation is represented by various communities. Communities with Artemisia stand out here, these are Artemisia terrae-albae; Salsola orientalis + Artemisia terrae albae, and Salsola orientalis + Artemisia terrae - albae + Haloxylon aphyllum associations. The total projective cover in these communities ranges from 25 to 70%, artemisia cover is 25-30%. They always include short-vegetating (Poa bulbosa, 8-10%) and long-vegetating (Stipa caucasica, 15-25%). Subshrubs include Salsola orientalis, Salsola arbusculiformis, Anabasis salsa, and Nanophyton erinaceum. Annual saltwort species are also abundant: Petrosimonia sibirica, Climacoptera brachiata, Girgensohnia oppositiflora, Climacoptera lanata. These communities are more saturated with ephemerals and ephemeroids, forming ephemeral-artemisia groups of communities. Artemisia sublessingiana + Artemisia terrae-albae stand out; Stipa caucasica + Artemisia sublessingiana + Artemisia sublessingiana; Artemisia terrae-albae + Stipa capillata; Ceratocarpus utriculosus + Artemisia terrae-albae associations. The grass herbage contains: Festuca sulcata, Poa stepposa, Poa bulbosa, Stipa caucasica; from forbs - Ceratocarpus utriculosus, C. arenaria, Climacoptera brachiata, as well as weeds and poisonous plants: Goebelia pachycarpa, Acroptilon repens, Xanthium strumarium, Urtica dioica, Atriplex tatarica and others.
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Anzhaev, Nikolay Olegovizh, Savr Hongorovyzh Borlykov, Zhanna Vasilevna Ovadykova i Nina Tserenovna Lidzhieva. "ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ РАСТЕНИЙ В ЦЕНОПОПУЛЯЦИЯХ TULIPA BIEBERSTEINIANA SCHULT. ET SCHULT. (LILIACEAE) В УСЛОВИЯХ КАЛМЫКИИ". Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 12, nr 5 (13.09.2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2020-12-5-22-31.
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В статье приведены данные по изучению изменчивости морфологической структуры растений в популяциях Tulipa biеbersteiniana Schult. et Schult. (Liliaceae), произраставщих в пределах двух крупных геоморфологических структур Республики Калмыкия – Прикаспийской низменности и Долине Маныча. В Долине Маныча видовая популяция № 1 произрастала в составе разнотравно-злакового (Poaceae-Mixteherbosa) сообщества и ценопопуляцию № 2 в составе разнотравно-типчаково-полынкового (Artemisia austriaca-Festuca valesiaca-Mixteherbosa) сообщества, произрастающих на лугово-каштановых почвах. В Прикаспийской низменности видовая популяция № 3 входила в состав эфемерово-луковичномятликового (Poa bulbosa-Ephemerosa) сообщества; ценопопуляцию № 4 в состав эфемерово-луковичномятликово-лерхополынное (Artemisia lercheana-Poa bulbosa-Ephemerosa) сообщества, которые произрастают бурых пустынно-степных солонцеватых почвах.Растения из ценопопуляций T. biеbersteiniana, произрастающих в Долине Маныча, имели большие значения признаков, чем ценопопуляции с Прикаспийской низменности. В ценопопуляциях T. biеbersteiniana наибольшее значение всех признаков растений отмечали в 2017 году, наименьшее – в 2016 году, что свидетельствует о более благоприятных для роста и развития растений погодных условиях в этот год.В ценопопуляциях T. biеbersteiniana девять морфологических признаков, характеризующих вегетативную и генеративную сферу растений варьрировали в 2016 на высоком и среднем уровнях изменчивости, в 2017 году – преимущественно на высоком уровне изменчивости.
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Ofir, Micha, i Jaime Kigel. "Temporal and intraclonal variation of flowering and pseudovivipary in Poa bulbosa". Annals of Botany 113, nr 7 (30.03.2014): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu037.
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Galán de Mera, Antonio, i José A. Vicente Orellana. "Sobre las comunidades con Poa bulbosa (Poaceae) del Medio Atlas Central (Marruecos)". Acta Botanica Malacitana 22 (1.12.1997): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v22i0.8644.
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Ofir, Micha, i Jaime Kigel. "Regulation of Summer Dormancy by Water Deficit and ABA in Poa bulbosa Ecotypes". Annals of Botany 99, nr 2 (3.01.2007): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl257.
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Shamsutdinov, Nariman, i Elmira Shamsutdinova. "Ecological Restoration of Degraded Pasture Ecosystems Biodiversity and Fodder Productivity in the Central Asian Desert". BIO Web of Conferences 78 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237801003.
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The increasing pressure of anthropogenic and technogenic factors on the soil and vegetation cover in the Central Asian desert is due to their degradation which dictates the need for ecological restoration of these destroyed pasture lands. For restore the lost biodiversity and fodder productivity of degraded pasture ecosystems in the Central Asian Karnabchul desert, dominant species of fodder plants were sown: Haloxylon aphyllum (15%), Halothamnus subaphyllus (20%), Artemisia diffusa (50%) and Poa bulbosa (15%) – representatives of climax communities. The climax stage is the adult state of the ecosystem, the peak of its development and it is the longest. The life forms of dominant plant species involved in the formation of climax communities are characterized by increased resistance to the abiotic and biotic stresses. This ensures the formation of poly-species multi-tiered pasture ecosystems with high and stable fodder productivity over the years in the conditions of the Central Asian desert. Fodder shrubs, semishrubs and grasses, along with high adaptive properties, are characterized by nutritional value. Haloxylon aphyllum contains 10-12% protein (in fruits up to 20%), 2.2-2.7% fat. Halothamnus subaphyllus fodder in the budding phase contains 24.7% protein, 2.7% fat. Artemisia diffusa is a very valuable fodder for sheep, goats, camels. The ephemeroid Poa bulbosa on the pastures is perfectly eaten by all kinds of animals, especially sheep. During the growing season, bluegrass fodder contains up to 24% protein, 1.6-4.1% fat.
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OFIR, MICHA, i JAIME KIGEL. "Opposite Effects of Daylength and Temperature on Flowering and Summer Dormancy of Poa bulbosa". Annals of Botany 97, nr 4 (8.02.2006): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl021.
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Movsumova, N. "Assessment and Reserve of Some Feed Phytocoenoses". Bulletin of Science and Practice, nr 12 (15.12.2022): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/85/15.
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The studies were carried out on the floristic, geobotanical and resource assessment in Zardab and Ujar districts in 2020-2021 and 87 species belonging to 12 families were registered in the composition of coenosis. 12 species (Poa bulbosa L., Poa pratensisL., Artemisia lerchiana Weber, Chenopodium album L., Bromus scoparius L., Alhagi maurorum Medik., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Climacoptera crassa (M. Bieb.), Stipa capillata L., Brassica napus L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Alyssum tortuosum Willd. (= Odontarrhena tortuosa (Waldst. et Kit. ex Will.) C. A. Mey.)) distinguished for their long-term participation in the composition of the groupings were determined. The dynamics of productivity in coenoses were assessed by seasons and it was found that they changed in the range of 1.44-1.91 hwt/ha (in spring), 0.65-1.55 hwt/ha (in summer), 1.02-1.76 hwt/ha (in autumn). The dominance of forbs on botanical groupings was revealed.
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Soreng, Robert J., Steven P. Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V. Sylvester i Vincent Ralph Clark. "New records and key to Poa (Pooideae, Poaceae) from the Flora of Southern Africa region and notes on taxa including a diclinous breeding system in Poa binata". PhytoKeys 165 (28.10.2020): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.165.55948.
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Four species of Poa L. are newly reported for sub-Saharan Africa and southern Africa, Poa compressa L., P. iconia Azn., P. infirma Kunth and P. nemoralis L. This is the first report of P. iconia from Africa. Vouchers at PRE of P. bulbosa L. all belong to var. vivipara Koeler, those of P. iconia belong to var. iconia and the one of P. trivialis L. belongs to var. trivialis. Two subspecies are recognised in P. pratensis L.: subsp. irrigata (Lindm.) H.Lindb. and subsp. pratensis. We also designate a lectotype for P. iconia and second-step lectotype for P. leptoclada Hochst. ex A.Rich. and report the first recording of a diclinous breeding system in P. binata Nees. Our account updates the treatment in Identification Guide to Southern African Grasses (Fish et al. 2015) including a key to the taxa and notes on infrageneric taxonomy, DNA subtypes, ecology, chromosome numbers and breeding systems.
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Ivashchenko, A. A., E. S. Chalikova, K. T. Abidkulova i A. D. Tolenova. "Consortial relationships between birds and plants-ephemeroids". Trudy of the Institute of Zoology RK 2, nr 1 (2023): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54944/tizrkgg87fc3.
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The use of ephemeroids in feeding and as nest material by birds is assessed in this report. The consumption of 18 species of plants by Alectoris chukar and Phasianus colchicus both in nature (Trans Ili Alatau) as well as in culture (collection of the Botanical Garden of Almaty) was noted. In the Western Tien Shan, Passer hispaniolensis and Emberiza bruniceps utilized seven species of ephemeroids for nest building, most often Gymnospermium alberti, Ranunculus regelianus and Poa bulbosa. In the nests of six other passerine species, individual parts of such plants are less common and are used only as an admixture.
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Ofir, Micha, i Jaime Kigel. "Abscisic acid involvement in the induction of summer-dormancy in Poa bulbosa , a grass geophyte". Physiologia Plantarum 102, nr 2 (luty 1998): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1020202.x.
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Ofir, Micha, i Jaime Kigel. "Photothermal control of the imposition of summer dormancy in Poa bulbosa, a perennial grass geophyte". Physiologia Plantarum 105, nr 4 (kwiecień 1999): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1999.105406.x.
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V.M., Dzerkal, Naumovich G.O. i Ponomareva A.A. "TO THE STUDY OF HIGHER VASCULAR PLANTS AND LICHES OF THE KARDASHYNKA SWAMP WITHIN THE NYZHNYODNIPROVSKYI NNP". Scientific Bulletin of Natural Sciences (Biological Sciences), nr 29 (11.01.2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2524-0838/2020-29-3.
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Kardashynka swamp is the largest swamp not only in the Kherson region, but also in the entire steppe zone of Ukraine. According to the results of the study of the part of the Kardashynka swamp, which in 2015 became part of the Nyzhnyodniprovskyi National Nature Park and is located in the Kherson region between the villages of Kokhany of Holoprystansky and Solonets of Oleshkivsky districts, 214 species of vascular plants were recorded, which belong to 194 genera and 83 families. The leading families of flora are: Asteraceae (31 species), Cyperaceae (19), Poaceae (15), Lamiaceae (10), Fabaceae (9), Brassicaceae (8), Rosaceae (9), Caryophyllaceae (8). We have not identified the species included in the Red Book of Ukraine in the studied area. Among the regionally rare species, the growth of: Alnus glutinosa, Quercus robur, Dryopteris carthusiana, Fraxinus excelsior, Nymphaea alba, Carex lasiocarpa was observed. The basis of vegetation is compiled of: in the swamps −Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Iris pseudacorus L., Frangula alnus Mill., Typha angustifolia L., Urtica dioica L., Tephroseris palustris (L.) Rchb., Carex elata All., Carex pseudocyperus L., Hottonia palustris L. Poa bulbosa L.; in the meadows – Plantago major L., Alsine media (L.) Vill., Cerastium glutinosum Fries, Lathyrus palustris L.,; Poa bulbosa, Poa palustris L., Carex acuta L., Carex acutiformis Ehrh., Melilotus albus Medik., Trifolium arvense L., Glechoma hederacea L. Juncus effusus L., and in reservoirs - Lemna minor L., Lemna trisulca L. , Nymphaea alba L., Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm., Myriophyllum sp. Lichen biota is represented mainly by epiphytes on the bark of Salix sp. and Populus alba. On the bark of Populus alba, a typical for this area species Xanthoria parietina, Amandinea punctata, Scholiciosporum chlorococcum, Physcea adscendens, Physcia tenella are presented. Also, we note that among the priority areas for the development of nature reserves is the possibility of expanding the territories. One of such objects, which, eventually, can be included in the boundaries of NNP "Nyzhnyodniprovskyi", is the designed botanical reserve of national importance "Kardashinka swamp". The part of the territory is already included to the economic zone of NNP "Nyzhnyodniprovskyi". Key words: swamp, species, sozophytes, national nature park
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V.M., Dzerkal, Naumovich G.O. i Ponomareva A.A. "TO THE STUDY OF HIGHER VASCULAR PLANTS AND LICHES OF THE KARDASHYNKA SWAMP WITHIN THE NYZHNYODNIPROVSKYI NNP". Scientific Bulletin of Natural Sciences (Biological Sciences), nr 29 (11.01.2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2524-0838/2020-29-3.
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Kardashynka swamp is the largest swamp not only in the Kherson region, but also in the entire steppe zone of Ukraine. According to the results of the study of the part of the Kardashynka swamp, which in 2015 became part of the Nyzhnyodniprovskyi National Nature Park and is located in the Kherson region between the villages of Kokhany of Holoprystansky and Solonets of Oleshkivsky districts, 214 species of vascular plants were recorded, which belong to 194 genera and 83 families. The leading families of flora are: Asteraceae (31 species), Cyperaceae (19), Poaceae (15), Lamiaceae (10), Fabaceae (9), Brassicaceae (8), Rosaceae (9), Caryophyllaceae (8). We have not identified the species included in the Red Book of Ukraine in the studied area. Among the regionally rare species, the growth of: Alnus glutinosa, Quercus robur, Dryopteris carthusiana, Fraxinus excelsior, Nymphaea alba, Carex lasiocarpa was observed. The basis of vegetation is compiled of: in the swamps −Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Iris pseudacorus L., Frangula alnus Mill., Typha angustifolia L., Urtica dioica L., Tephroseris palustris (L.) Rchb., Carex elata All., Carex pseudocyperus L., Hottonia palustris L. Poa bulbosa L.; in the meadows – Plantago major L., Alsine media (L.) Vill., Cerastium glutinosum Fries, Lathyrus palustris L.,; Poa bulbosa, Poa palustris L., Carex acuta L., Carex acutiformis Ehrh., Melilotus albus Medik., Trifolium arvense L., Glechoma hederacea L. Juncus effusus L., and in reservoirs - Lemna minor L., Lemna trisulca L. , Nymphaea alba L., Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm., Myriophyllum sp. Lichen biota is represented mainly by epiphytes on the bark of Salix sp. and Populus alba. On the bark of Populus alba, a typical for this area species Xanthoria parietina, Amandinea punctata, Scholiciosporum chlorococcum, Physcea adscendens, Physcia tenella are presented. Also, we note that among the priority areas for the development of nature reserves is the possibility of expanding the territories. One of such objects, which, eventually, can be included in the boundaries of NNP "Nyzhnyodniprovskyi", is the designed botanical reserve of national importance "Kardashinka swamp". The part of the territory is already included to the economic zone of NNP "Nyzhnyodniprovskyi". Key words: swamp, species, sozophytes, national nature park
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Ofir, Micha, i Jaime Kigel. "Ecotypic variation of summer dormancy relaxation associated with rainfall gradient in the geophytic grass Poa bulbosa". Annals of Botany 105, nr 4 (15.02.2010): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq016.
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Barkalov, V. Yu, P. V. Krestov, К. А. Korznikov i E. V. Andysheva. "VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE UPPER YARAP RIVER (BADZHAL RANGE, KHABAROVSK TERRITOTY)". V.L. Komarov Memorial Lectures 70 (28.11.2022): 20–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/kl.70.2.
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An annotated checklist of 250 vascular plants species in the local flora of the upper reaches of Yarap River (southern macroslope of the Badzhal Range) is given. For the first time, Aconitum subvillosum, Arctous erythrocarpa, Carex ussuriensis, Macrohystrix komarovii, Neottianthe cucullata, Poa arsenjevii, Salix rhamnifolia are recorded for the flora of the Badzhal Range; a total 20 species, three of which, Chrysosplenium krestovii, Silene badzhalensis and Calamagrostis burejensis, were previously described as new to science. In addition, rare and endemic Red Data Book species were found, there are: Aconitum baburinii, Aster woroschilovii, Calypso bulbosa, Cardamine tomentella, Epipogium aphyllum, Leontopodium blagoveshczenskyi, Neottianthe cucullata, Rhodiola rosea, Saussurea tomentosa, Phlomoides woroschilovii, Pentactina schlothauerae, Taraxacum badzhalense, Viola brachyceras, Weigela suavis. The vegetation of the study area is briefly characterized.
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Саргсян, Т. А., М. А. Навасардян i Б. Х. Межунц. "LEAVES AREA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF DOMINANT PLANTS OF RURAL PASTURES IN THE STEPPE BELT OF MOUNT ARAGATS IN ARMENIA". Niva Povolzh`ia, nr 3(56) (17.12.2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36461/np.2020.56.3.016.
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В статье обобщены результаты исследований ассимиляционной поверхности и содержания фотосинтетических пигментов в листьях растений основных луговых групп юго-западного склона горы Арагац (1300-1900 м н.у.м.). Данные территории находятся под сильным воздействием экологических и антропогенных факторов, отличаются низкой продуктивностью, следовательно, нуждаются в коренном улучшении. В рамках настоящей работы была поставлена задача создать базу экспериментальных данных по биологическим параметрам, ответственным за формирование урожая. Объектами исследований были следующие виды злаковых – Коленница (Aegilops cylindrica), Костер (Bromus tectorium), Мятлик (Poa bulbosa), Пырей (Agropyron repens), Ячмень (Hordeum bulbosum), бобовых – Эспарцет (Onobrychis radiata), Клевер (Trifolium pratense), Вика (Vicia variabilis), Люцерна (Medicago sativa) и разнотравных растений – Молочай (Euphorbia virgata), Пижма (Tanacetum vulgare), Скабиоза (Scabiosa bipinnata), Котовник (Nepeta Мussini), Тысячелистник (Achillea millefolium), Полынь (Artemisia absinthium). Площадь листьев определялась весовым методом, экстракция пигментов проводилась с помощью диметилсульфоксида, а измерение их содержания – на спектрофотометре СФ-16. Выявлен широкий диапазон колебаний площади листьев у индивидуальных видов (0,9-11,5), тогда как разница между луговыми группами была незначительной (4,0-5,9 дм2/растение). Сумма пигментов в листьях разнотравных растений на 22 % была меньше, чем у злаковых и бобовых, а соотношение хлорофиллов А и Б колебалось в пределах 1,8-3,5. Таким образом, на исследуемых кормовых угодьях максимальные размеры площади листьев обнаружены у многолетних злаковых, сумма пигментов и хлорофилл А – бобовых, а хлорофилл Б – разнотравных растений. The article summarizes the scientific results on the assimilation surface and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of plants in the main meadow groups of the southwestern slope of Mount Aragats (1300-1900 m above sea level). Under the strong influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors these territories are characterized by low productivity, therefore, they need efficient improvement. Within the framework of this scientific article, the task was set to create a database of experimental data on biological parameters responsible for the yield farming. The objects of the current research were the following types of cereals – Goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), Cheat grass (Bromus tectorium), Bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), Wheatgrass (Agropyron repens), Barley (Hordeum bulbosum), legumes – Sainfoins (Onobrychis radiata), Clover (Trifolium pratenium), Cow vetch (Vicia variabilis), Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and herbs – Leafy spurge (Euphorbia virgata), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Scabiosa (Scabiosa bipinnata), Catnip (Nepeta Mussini), Yarrow (Achillea milleteminium), Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). The leaf area was determined by the gravimetric method, pigment extraction was carried out using dimethyl sulfoxide, and their content was measured on an SF-16 spectrophotometer. A wide range of fluctuations in the leaf area in individual species was revealed (0.9-11.5), while the difference between meadow groups was insignificant (4.0-5.9 dm2/plant). The amount of pigments in the leaves of herbs was 22% less than that in cereals and legumes, and the ratio of chlorophylls A and B varied within 1.8-3.5. Thus, on the studied foraging grounds, the maximum leaf area was found in perennial cereals, the sum of pigments and chlorophyll A – in legumes, and chlorophyll B – in herbs. leaves area, photosynthetic pigments, wild plants, natural pastures, steppe belt
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KHANJANI, MASOUMEH, MOHAMMAD KHANJANI i OWEN D. SEEMAN. "The false spider mites of the genera Aegyptobia Sayed and Phytoptipalpus Trägårdh (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Iran". Zootaxa 3295, nr 1 (1.05.2012): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3295.1.2.
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Two new species of the genus Aegyptobia Sayed and 1 new species of Phytoptipalpus Trägårdh are described from Iran:A. bromi sp. nov. from Bromus tectorum (Poaceae); A. nazarii sp. nov. from Poa bulbosa L. (Poaceae); and P.kurdistaniensis sp. nov. from wild rose bushes, Rosa woodsii (Rosaceae). This is the first record of Phytoptipalpus fromIran. We also redescribe Aegyptobia beglarovi Livschitz and Mitrofanov, 1967, A. persciae Khorowshahi and Arbabi,1997, A. tragardhi Sayed, 1950, and A. salicicola Al-Gboory, 1987; the latter species has only 2 anal setae and is thusmoved to Phytoptipalpus. Aegyptobia kharazii Mesa and Moraes, 2009 syn. nov. is regarded as a junior synonym ofAegyptobia beglarovi Livschitz and Mitrofanov, 1967; Aegyptobia ueckermanni Khorowshahi and Arbabi, 1997 syn. nov.is regarded as a junior synonym of Aegyptobia tragardhi Sayed, 1950; Aegyptobia daneshvari Parsi and Khosrowshahi,1990 syn. nov. is regarded as a junior synonym of Phytoptipalpus salicicola (Al-Gboory, 1987). A key to all known Iranian species of the genus Aegyptobia is provided.
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Leigh, JH, DH Wood, AV Slee i MD Holgate. "The Effects of Burning and Simulated Grazing on Productivity, Forage Quality, Mortality and Flowering of Eight Subalpine Herbs in Kosciusko National Park." Australian Journal of Botany 39, nr 2 (1991): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9910097.
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The effects of simulated grazing and burning on biomass production, forage quality (CP and DM digestibility), plant mortality and flowering of 4 native perennial grasses (Poa phillipsiana, P. sieberana, Danthonia pilosa and Festuca asperula) and four perennial forbs (Aciphylla simplicifolia, Arthropodium milleflorum, Bulbine bulbosa and Hypochoeris radicata) growing in Kosciusko National Park were studied over a 16-month period. Cutting at 8-week intervals reduced the amount of regrowth at successive harvests as well as the survival of individuals. The season in which a single cut was made generally had a greater effect on the amount of regrowth than length of the regrowth period. Burning promoted flowering and improved the forage quality of the grasses. Rabbits bred only when they were able to obtain forage with a minimum protein content of 14%, provided mainly by the forb species. The management implications resulting from the interaction of fire and grazing, particularly by rabbits and domestic stock, for ecosystem quality are discussed.
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Shamsutdinov, Nariman, Musa Shagaipov i Vadim Sanzheev. "Ecological restoration of degraded pasture lands in the Circum-Caspian Sea semi-desert". E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022202023.
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For the ecological restoration of desert lands, the dominant species of fodder plants of the natural flora of the violent and patient ecology were used: Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst., Bassia prostrata (L.) A.J. Scott, Camphorosma lessingii Litv., Artemisia lerhiana L., A. pauciflora Web., Poa bulbosa L. in various quantitative ratios in mixtures. Polydominant pasture ecosystems occupy different tiers of height in the aboveground sphere: semi-shrubs – up to 120-140 cm, dwarf semi-shrubs – up to 45-75 cm, ephemeroid grasses – up to 15-25 cm. This ensures efficient placement of the leaf apparatus for efficient photosynthesis. In the underground sphere, various life forms of fodder plants form root systems and develop various ecological niches for more efficient use of water and mineral resources of a large volume of soil. Polydominant pasture ecosystems, which include various plant life forms, provide higher feed production, which exceeds the production of natural pastures by 3-5 times.
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Fernández-González, Federico, Massimo Terzi, Romeo Di Pietro i Jean-Paul Theurillat. "Proposals (33–34) to conserve the name Poo-Astragalion and to conserve the name Poo-Astragaletum sesamei with a conserved type, and requests (5–7) for a binding decision on the name-giving taxa in the same names and the inversion of the name Poo-Astragaletum sesamei". Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (25.09.2023): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.108769.
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The alliance name Poo-Astragalion has been widely used by Iberian phytosociologists for nearly fifty years to indicate a type of sheep pastures thriving on base-rich substrates. This alliance is currently classified in the order Poetalia bulbosae and class Poetea bulbosae. However, the revision of its original diagnosis highlights that this alliance name must be considered as an alternative name to the largely disused name Medicagini-Brachypodion distachyi. In order to stabilize the nomenclature, we propose the conservation of the traditionally used name Poo-Astragalion. On the other hand, the type association of the alliance (Poo-Astragaletum sesamei) turns out to be a superfluous name for another association neglected in the syntaxonomical literature, the Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum truncatulae. Hence, with the same objective of stabilizing the nomenclature, we propose the designation of a conserved neotype for the Poo-Astragaletum sesamei and the conservation of this name against the earlier heterotypic synonym in case of union of both associations. At the same time, we propose to complete the two names Poo-Astragalion and Poo-Astragaletum sesamei by selecting Poa bulbosa and Astragalus sesameus as the name-giving taxa, and to invert the name Poo-Astragaletum in accordance with its neotype (Astragalo sesamei-Poetum bulbosae). (33) Poo-Astragalion Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970: 165–169, nom. cons. propos. Typus: Poo-Astragaletum sesamei Rivas-Goday et Ladero 1970: 166–170 (holotypus). (≡) Medicagini-Brachypodion distachyi Rivas-Goday et Rivas-Martínez in Rivas Goday et Ladero 1970: 165–166 (alternative name) [original form: “Medicago-Brachypodion”] (34) Poo-Astragaletum sesamei Rivas-Goday et Ladero 1970: 166–170, nom. cons. et typus cons. propos. [original forms: “Poo-Astragaletum”, ”Poeto-Astragaletum sesamei”] Typus cons. propos.: neotypus hoc loco (see below). (=) Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum truncatulae Rivas Goday et Borja 1959 nom. corr. [original form: Astragalo scorpioidis-Medicaginetum tribuloidis nom. inept. (Rivas Goday and Borja 1959: 475, table 2)] Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med (2023). Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: EVC = EuroVegChecklist (Mucina et al. 2016); ICPN = 4th edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (Theurillat et al. 2021).
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Korolyuk, A. Yu, i A. P. Laktionov. "Syntaxonomy of desert steppe vegetation of Bogdinsko-Baskunchakskiy natural reserve (class Artemisietea lerchianae V. Golub 1994)". Vegetation of Russia, nr 40 (2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2021.40.43.
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The Astrakhan region, one the most arid region of Russia, is mainly a plain territory with the unique mountain Bolshoe Bogdo, where the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky natural reserve was founded, including the adjacent plains and Baskunchak Lake. So far syntaxonomy of arid regions of Russia are rather poor, only the Lower Volga valley is described in detail (Golub, 1994; Golub, Maltsev, 2013). The aim of present study was to carry out floristic classification of desert-steppe vegetation of the reserve territory. The study is based on the authors’ 133 relevés, made in 2019, and 41 published ones (Safronova, 2013). Cluster analysis was carried out (Ward’s method, Chekanovsky-Dyce-Sørensen coefficient). Two dendrograms, built on the species presence-absence and their cover, allowed to distibguish phytocenons and determine their differential species. At the first step, the dendrogram based on the species presence-absence was analyzed (Fig. 3). At levels from 2 to 8 clusters, the number of differential species with IV-V class constancy (Table 1) were assess. At the level of 3 clusters all relevés were divided into petrophytic, psammophytic and zonal communities (Table 2). According to large number of differential species two classes (Artemisietea lerchianae V. Golub 1994 — petrophytic desert-steppe communities and Festucetea vaginatae Soó ex Vicherek 1972 — psammophytic steppes) were distinguished. Also desert-steppe communities on fine soils which belong to the first class without own differential species were distinguished and their relevés were included in further analysis. Class Artemisietea lerchianae V. Golub 1994 unites the northern desert and desert steppe communities. Diagnostic species (D. s.): Alyssum turkestanicum, Anabasis aphylla, A. salsa, Artemisia lerchiana, Bassia prostrata, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Nitrosalsola dendroides, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Ceratocephala testiculata agg., Eremopyrum orientale, Ferula caspica, Medicago medicaginoides, Meniocus linifolius, Peganum harmala, Petrosimonia oppositifolia, Poa bulbosa, Zygophyllum fabago. Order Agropyretalia desertorum ord. nov. includes desert steppes, widely spread in the southern part of the steppe zone, with domination of semishrubs and bunchgrasses. Holotypus hoc loco — ass. Artemisio lerchianae–Stipetum sareptanae ass. nov. D. s.: Agropyron desertorum, Allium inderiense, A. tulipifolium, Astragalus pseudotataricus, A. testiculatus, Ephedra distachya, Erysimum leucanthemum, Euphorbia undulata, Galatella tatarica, Prangos odontalgica, Rochelia retorta, Serratula erucifolia, Sterigmostemum caspicum, Stipa lessingiana, S. sareptana, Tanacetum achilleifolium, Tragopogon marginifolius, Tulipa patens, T. biflora. Alliance Agropyrion desertorum all. nov. Holotypus hoc loco — ass. Artemisio lerchianae–Stipetum sareptanae ass. nov. D. s. of the alliance = D. s. of the order. Ass. Artemisio lerchianae–Stipetum sareptanae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 4, rel.1–34), holotypus hoc loco: Table 4, relevé 1 (field number 19-077), Astrakhan region, Akhtubinskiy district, to the south of the Nizhny Baskunchak village, Bolshoe Bogdo Mt., 48.13294° N, 46.83287° E, convex near-top part of NNE slope, 22.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk is central in the alliance. D. s.: Agropyron desertorum, Ephedra distachya, Erysimum leucanthemum, Prangos odontalgica, Stipa lessingiana, S. sareptana, Tanacetum achilleifolium, Tulipa biflora. Сommunities occupy large areas at foothills and gentle slopes of ridges, occasionally occur on moderately steep slopes. Ass. Artemisio pauciflorae–Atraphaxietum replicatae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5, rel. 1–13), holotypus hoc loco: Table 5, relevé 1 (field number 19-081), Astrakhan V. Golub 1994, Akhtubinskiy district, to the south of Nizhny Baskunchak village, Bolshoe Bogdo Mt., 48.13597° N, 46.84192° E, plain area, slight depression, 22.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Anabasis salsa, Artemisia pauciflora, A. semiarida, Atraphaxis replicata, Atriplex cana, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Catabrosella humilis, Ferula caspica. Communities occur on convex slopes of various exposition, often with active erosion. Ass. Stipo lessingianae–Artemisietum tauricae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 5, rel. 14–37), holotypus hoc loco: Table 5, relevé 14 (field number 19-085), Astrakhan region, Akhtubinskiy district, to the south of Nizhny Baskunchak village, Bolshoe Bogdo Mt., 48.13558° N, 46.84563° E, gentle foothill of the eastern slope, 22.05.2019 author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Artemisia taurica, Elaeosticta lutea, Galatella villosa, Tulipa gesneriana, Veronica multifida. Relatively closed ommunities are most often common at foothills, also they occur on tops of ridges and their slopes of various steepness and exposition. Order Artemisietalia lerchianae V. Golub 1994, central in the class, unites zonal northern desert communities, at least within the Caspian region. D. s.: Alyssum turkestanicum, Anabasis aphylla, A. salsa, Artemisia lerchiana, Camphorosma monspeliaca, Caroxylon dendroides, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Ceratocephala testiculata agg., Eremopyrum orientale, Ferula caspica, Bassia prostrata, Medicago medicaginoides, Meniocus linifolius, Peganum harmala, Petrosimonia oppositifolia, Poa bulbosa, Zygophyllum fabago. Alliance Artemision lerchianae V. Golub 1994. D. s. of the alliance = D. s. of the class and order. Ass. Poo bulbosae–Artemisietum lerchianae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6, rel. 1–39), holotypus hoc loco: Table 6, relevé 34 (field number 19-135), Astrakhan region, Akhtubinskiy district, to the north-west of Nizhny Baskunchak village, 48.23968° N, 46.81434° E, 24.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Alyssum turkestanicum, Anabasis aphylla, Artemisia lerchiana, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Eremopyrum orientale, Meniocus linifolius, Poa bulbosa. Communities dominated by Artemisia lerchiana and Poa bulbosa develop on fine soils within the subzones of northern deserts and desert steppes. Subass. P. b. –A. l. typicum subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6, rel. 34–39). Communities are widely spread in the northern part of the desert zone and less common in the subzone of desert steppes. Subass. P. b.–A. l. tanacetosum achilleifolii subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 6, rel. 1–33), holotypus hoc loco: Table 6, relevé 12 (field number 19-008), Astrakhan region, Kharabalinskiy district, to the NW from the Volnoe village, the upper part of gentle slope, 47.16164° N, 47.59213° E, 17.05.2019, author: A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Astragalus dolichophyllus, Gagea bulbifera, Holosteum umbellatum, Medicago orthoceras, Tanacetum achilleifolium, Veronica triphyllos. Within subassociation, which is common within the desert steppe subzone, two variants are distinguished: typica (Table 6, rel.12–33) and Artemisia taurica (Table 6, rel.1–11). Alliance Anabasio salsae–Artemision pauciflorae Lysenko in Lysenko et Mucina 2015 unites communities dominated by Anabasis salsa and Artemisia pauciflora on solonetz soils (Lysenko, Mucina, 2015), common in the subzones of dry and desert steppes as well as in the north of the desert zone. D. s.: Anabasis aphylla, A. salsa, Artemisia pauciflora, Atriplex cana, Leymus ramosus, Suaeda physophora. Community Anabasis salsa (Table 6, rel. 40–45) dominated by nameforming species occur on eroded slopes of clay saline deposits at the territory of Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky reserve and adjacent landscapes.
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Cano-Ortiz, Ana, José Carlos Piñar Fuentes, Catarina I. Rodrigues Meireles i Eusebio Cano. "Urban Natural Spaces as Laboratories for Learning and Social Awareness". Sustainability 16, nr 8 (12.04.2024): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083232.
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Mediterranean areas contain a great diversity of flora and phytocenosis, due to the different substrates and the special Mediterranean climate, and it is in the Iberian Peninsula where the greatest diversity is concentrated. The need for didactic techniques that generate awareness and good learning results is considered of great relevance in order to obtain well-trained environmental managers. We proceed to the research on different phytosociological groups. The one with the largest number of associations or plant communities is the one located in nitrified environments near urban areas; the group of communities dominated by Poa bulbosa is of great interest for sheep farming, while, for equine and bovine farming, the communities rich in grasses and legumes that are located in rural environments rich in organic matter are of interest. The latter communities are also interesting because they act as a sink for CO2. Due to the serious alterations in Mediterranean grasslands, we propose cultural, socio-educational, and socio-economic strategies to increase family income, thus avoiding the south–north migratory flow, as well as combining exploitation and conservation, and promoting sustainable development.
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OFIR, M. "Variation in Onset of Summer Dormancy and Flowering Capacity Along an Aridity Gradient in Poa bulbosa L., a Geophytic Perennial Grass". Annals of Botany 91, nr 3 (1.02.2003): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg026.
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Azizbek, Maxmudov V., Mavlanov J. Bekzod, Allamurotov L. Akmal, Abduraimov S. Azizbek, Mamatkasimov T. Odilbek i Abduraimov S. Ozodbek. "Distribution Area and Yield Indicators of <i>Poa bulbosa</i> L. in Uzbekistan". American Journal of Plant Sciences 14, nr 08 (2023): 869–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2023.148058.
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Бенгус, Ю. В., i Р. Є. Волкова. "НОВИЙ ЛОКАЛІТЕТ ORNITHOGALUM BOUCHEANUM (KUNTH) ASCH. В МЕЖАХ МІСТА ХАРКОВА". Біорізноманіття, екологія та експериментальна біологія 1, nr 23 (2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2708-5848.2021.23.1.01.
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Наведено результати дослідження багаточисельної популяції червонокнижного виду Ornithothogalum boucheanum, виявленої вперше на території міста Харків у 2016 році. Для території міста Харків – це єдине відоме авторам природнє місцезростання виду, хоча він культивується в окремих ботанічних закладах Харкова. Дана популяція знаходиться на північній межі ареалу зростання O. boucheanum в Україні. На единій площі близько 7 га поблизу р. Немишля O. boucheanum масово зростає переважно на трьох основних ділянках загальною чисельністю у кілька тисяч квітучих особин, займаючи від 5 до 15% у загальному проективному покритті. Рястка Буше зростає у складі напівприродних рослинних угруповань з елементами антропогенної трансформації і домінуванням лучних (Ranunculus pedatus, Carex praecox, Poa angustifolia, P. pratensis, P. bulbosa , Elymus repens), лісових (Ficaria verna, Alliaria petiolata, Poa nemoralis) та рудеральних (Urtica dioica, Taraxacum campylodes, Cirsium arvense тощо) видів. Одна досліджена ділянка наразі зайнята лучною рослинністю, дві інші розташовані серед дерев з середньою (0,7) або невеликою (0,3) зімкненістю крон. Територія зростання дослідженої популяції знаходиться під впливом антропогенної діяльності (сінокосіння, косіння трави електричними засобами, випас тварин), але швидкий розвиток рослин O. boucheanum навесні і відмирання листків вже під час цвітіння призводять до того, що косіння і незначний випас не впливають на чисельність рослин дослідженого виду. Присутня велика кількість молодих рослин від вегетативного та насінного розмноження. Велика площа, на якій знайдені квітучі рослини O. boucheanum, практична відсутність на обстежених ділянках штучного озеленення та велика кількість знайдених рослин свідчать про те, що досліджена популяція є автохтонною. Авторські фотографії O. boucheanum з дослідженої території занесені до міжнародних баз даних iNaturalist та UkrBIN. Територія дослідження має важливе значення як місце зростання рослини занесеної до Червоної книги України, тому має отримати природоохоронний статус.
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Korolyuk, A. Yu, A. P. Laktionov i S. A. Senator. "Psammophytic communities of the Dono-Tsimlyansk sand massif". Vegetation of Russia, nr 48 (2024): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2024.48.51.
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Dono-Tsimlyansk sand massif is one of the largest in the South-East of the European part of Russia. It represents a complex of river terraces of different ages within the ancient continental delta between the Tsimla and Aksenets rivers. A cluster analysis of 140 relevés was carried out using the Ward method and Czekanowski-Dice-Sørensen similarity coefficient (Fig. 4). The dataset was divided into two large groups. The first one (A) represents communities, which are formed mainly by obligate psammophytes (Table 1), many of species are used in the diagnosis of the class Festucetea vaginatae Soó ex Vicherek 1972. The second group (B) is characterized by high importance values of xerophytes and mesoxerophytes, typical for steppes and xeric meadows of the class Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Soó 1947. Analysis at the level of 6 clusters shows that clusters 1-4 are poorly differentiated in terms of species importance values (Table 2). Clusters 5 and 6 are clearly distinguished by groups of dominant plants. Cluster 5 represents shrub communities with mesoxerophites: Scirpoides holoschoenus, Poa angustifolia, Galium ruthenicum and Calamagrostis epigeios. Cluster 6 unites forb-bunchgrass steppes, usually dominated by Festuca rupicola, they correspond to the Festuco-Brometea. Most of the communities belong to the class Festucetea vaginatae and the order Festucetalia vaginatae. Diagnostic species of class and order (D.s.): Artemisia campestris, A. marschalliana, Astragalus varius, Chondrilla graminea, C. juncea, Euphorbia seguieriana, Festuca beckeri, Gypsophila paniculata, Kochia laniflora, Koeleria glauca, K. sabuletorum, Pilosella echioides, Secale sylvestre, Silene borysthenica, Stipa borysthenica. We identified the new alliance Agropyrion tanaiticum all. nov. D. s.: Agropyron tanaiticum, Chamaecytisus borysthenicus, Dianthus polymorphus, Holosteum umbellatum, Scabiosa ucranica, Senecio borysthenicus, Seseli tortuosum, Thymus pallasianus, Tragopogon tanaiticus, Veronica verna. Holotypus — the association Scabioso ucranicae–Stipetum borysthenicae ass. nov. The alliance unites sandy steppes with the main range in the lower Don basin. Ass. Scabioso ucranicae–Stipetum borysthenicae ass. nov. (Table 4, rel. 1–21), holotypus — Table 4, rel. 5 (field no. 22-214): Rostov Region, Tsimlyansky district, south of the Nizhengnutov village, Tsimlyansky nature reserve, gentle slope of sandy mound, 47.87754°N, 42.45692°E, 06.08.2022, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Agropyron lavrenkoanum, Artemisia austriaca, Astragalus varius, Centaurea adpressa, C. arenaria, Eryngium campestre, Galium ruthenicum, Scabiosa ucranica, Seseli tortuosum, Stipa borysthenica. The association unites communities of sandy steppes, occupying leveled, well-fixed sands. It dominates the territory of the Tsimlyansky Reserve, where an anthropogenic pressure is limited. The coenoses are rich, on average 37 species per relevé, with an average cover of 40 %. The main dominant is Stipa borysthenica, its cover can reach 25–35 %. Euphorbia seguieriana and Artemisia marschalliana are constantly co-dominating. These three species form the upper layer 40–60 cm high. Agropyron lavrenkoanum, Festuca beckeri, Poa bulbosa and Potentilla arenaria are recorded in some stands with a cover of more than 10%. A moss layer is usually developed, composed of Syntrichia ruralis with a cover of up to 30 %. The association is synonymous with the subassociation Secali–Stipetum borysthenicae jurinetosum cyanoidis Demina 2009 described from Dono-Tsimlyansk sand massif. Association Secali–Stipetum borysthenicae Korzh. 1987 ex Dubyna et al. 1995 is distributed on the coastal dunes of the Black Sea and Azov; it does not occur on continental sands. Ass. Centaureo gerberi–Chamaecytisetum borysthenicae Demina 2009 (Table 5, оп. 1–36). D. s.: Agropyron tanaiticum, Centaurea gerberi, Chamaecytisus borysthenicus, Dianthus polymorphus, Thymus pallasianus, Tragopogon tanaiticus. The association represents the communities on moderately fixed sands. They form large contours, occupying slopes and tops of sandy hills, bottoms of deflation areas. The total cover varies from 15 to 60 %. Moss layer of Syntrichia ruralisis usually well developed, in some stands covering almost the entire surface. The species richness varies from 16 to 33, averaging 22 species per relevé. The set of dominant species is not constant, Artemisia arenaria, A. marschalliana, Chamaecytisus borysthenicus, Euphorbia seguieriana, Festuca beckeri, Helichrysum arenarium, Jurinea polyclonos, Koeleria sabuletorum, Secale sylvestre, Silene borysthenica are noted with a cover of more than 10 %. As part of the association, we distinguish 3 variants: typica (Table 5, rel. 1–17), Secale sylvestre (Table 5, rel. 18–24), Jurinea polyclonos (Table 5, rel. 25–36). Ass. Secalo sylvestris–Salicetum rosmarinifoliae ass. nov. (Table 4, rel. 22–30), holotypus — Table 4, rel. 28 (field no. 22-256): Rostov Region, Tsimlyansky district, south of the Nizhengnutov village, Tsimlyansky nature reserve, flat depression, 47.87348°N, 42.49095°E, 12.08.2022, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Salix rosmarinifolia (дом.), Spiraea hypericifolia (дом.), Calamagrostis epigeios, Galium ruthenicum, Inula salicina, Poa angustifolia, P. bulbosa, Scirpoides holoschoenus, Secale sylvestre. The association represents shrub communities with the participation of psammophytes, occupying flat depressions in leveled and hilly sands. The coexistence in the same coenoses of Salix rosmarinifolia, common in wetlands, and xerophytic plants is typical for sandy landscapes. A characteristic feature of communities is a shrub layer composed of Salix rosmarinifolia and Spiraea hypericifolia with total cover from 10 to 35 % at a height of 80–120 cm. Among forbs the most common dominant is Scirpoides holoschoenus, less often Secale sylvestre, Galium ruthenicum, Poa bulbosa, Anisantha tectorum dominate. The moss layer with up to 15–30 % coverage was formed by Syntrichia ruralis. The class Festuco-Brometea, the order Festucetalia valesiacae and alliance Festucion valesiacae represent steppes. The suballiance Artemisio campestris–Stipenion capillatae unites grasslands on sandy soils. Ass. Scabioso ucranicae–Festucetum rupicolae ass. nov. (Table 4, rel. 31–41), holotypus — Table 4, rel. 38 (field no. 22-269): Rostov Region, Tsimlyansky district, south of the Nizhengnutov village, Tsimlyansky nature reserve, flat depression, 47.94400°N, 42.46205°E, 13.08.2022, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Allium sphaerocephalon, Apera spica-venti, Centaurea adpressa, Festuca rupicola, Linaria genistifolia, Scabiosa ucranica, Stipa borysthenica, Vicia villosa. The association represents forb-bunchgrass sandy steppes. They are found along fixed sands, where they occupy periphery of flat, often extensive depressions, usually near forests and along the edge of wetlands. The coenoses are rich, with an average of 44 species per relevé and total cover from 50 to 70 %. The main dominant is Festuca rupicola, whose cover can reach 40–45 %. It forms the main layer about 30 cm high. Artemisia austriaca, Stipa borysthenica, Salvia tesquicola and Galium ruthenicum are permanent co-dominants. Agropyron lavrenkoanum, Bromopsis inermis, Carex colchica, C. supina, Euphorbia seguieriana, Poa bulbosa, Vicia villosa, Securigera varia occasionally have a high abundance.
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Abduova, A. A., O. A. Kupriyanov, A. Yessengeldi, A. N. Kupriyanov, M. I. Sataev i B. M. Moshkalov. "Coenoflora of Spiraeanthus Schrenkianus (Fisch. And C.A. Mey.) Maxim." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.17.
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Spiraeanthus schrenkianus (Fisch. and C.A. Mey.) Maxim is a plant species that belongs to the family Rosaceae, endemic to Kazakhstan and possibly Kyrgyzstan, but as an endangered species. This shrub is one of the oldest plants on our planet, however, little is known about the plants that co-exist with the S. schrenkianus. Knowledge about the coenoflora of endemic and endangered species is fundamental for a more accurate understanding of the potential threats on the plant's existence. To fill up this gap, the 15 coenopopulations of S. schrenkianus found in the Boraldaytau Mountains (Central part of the Syrdarya Karatau, Kazakhstan) and seven coenopopulations from the Betpak-Dala desert of Kazakhstan were analyzed. The coenoflora of S. schrenkianus consists of 232 species belonging to 146 genera and 41 families. The coenoflora from Syrdarya Karatau differed significantly from the Betpak-Dala desert, where only seven species occur together i.e., Adonis parviflora, Anisantha tectorum, Atraphaxis spinosa, Euphorbia falcata, Ixiolirion tataricum, Poa bulbosa, and Tulipa greigii. The similarity dendrogram of coenopopulations revealed greater differences in the floral composition of the plant communities, suggesting a disjunctive range in the target areas like Syrdarya Karatau, and the Betpak-Dala desert, Kazakhstan. The stability of S. schrenkianus is related to the ancient relict characters of the species formed in the Paleogene's arid conditions.
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Rybashlykova, L. P., i S. Yu Turko. "Plant Community Transformations in Desert Rangeland Ecosystems – Evidence from the North-Western Caspian Lowland". Растительные ресурсы 59, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0033994623010090.
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Abstract—The article presents the results of long-term monitoring of successions, and the production dynamics in desert rangeland phytocoenoses over an 8-year period (2014–2021). It shows the current state of vegetative cover of the Chernozemelskaya sandy plain (north-west of the Caspian lowland, Republic of Kalmykia) following forest reclamation of fine-grained sands, carried out in the 1970s–1990s. The centers of soil deflation (aeolian erosion) differed by the degree of soil and vegetative cover transformation and the methods of the reclamation of open sands. Currently, a secondary vegetative cover has been formed on the previously identified deflation patches. The expansion and evolution of the current species composition suggests the development of secondary succession. The features of the synusial structure of desert phytocenoses reflect the state of plant communities. The relationship of the productivity of model pastures (shrub Callygonum aphyllum, subshrub Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, herbaceous species Stipa lessingiana, Artemisia lerchiana, Alyssum deserforum, Bromus tectorum, Carex stenophylla, Koeleria macrantha, Poa bulbosa) with precipitation in warm and cold periods of the growing season is analyzed. Under changing temporal and spatial climate dynamics, the successional processes are greatly influenced by wildfires and anthropogenic impact. It has been established that secondary successions under heavy transformation of the agro-pasture landscape develop more slowly. Thus, the natural and landscape environment of the current deflation centres in the rangelands of the North-Western Caspian region is an important factor determining the direction of succession.
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Shamsutdinov, N. Z., V. V. Sanzeev i Z. Sh Shamsutdinov. "Ecological restoration of fodder productivity of degraded pastures in the foothill desert zone of Central Asia". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 901, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/901/1/012033.
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Abstract Irrational, ecologically unregulated economic activity in the vast deserts of Central Asia has led to biodiversity depletion, decrease in the fodder productivity of natural pastures and, as a result, deterioration in the fodder base of grassland farming. Forage production of these degraded pastures requires ecological restoration. To enrich the species composition and to increase the fodder productivity of degraded pastures we conducted strip sowing of black saxaul. Restorative succession on degraded pastures led to the formation of a long-term halophytic shrub-ephemeral pasture community consisting of two layers: upper (I) layer represented by black saxaul and lower (II) layer composed of ephemeroids, ephemerals and annual saltwort. Ephemerals are short-growing fodder plants (March–April); Haloxylon aphyllum refers to long-growing (226–242 days) fodder plants, which sprout in the period from late March to early December. Annual salsolas Salsola carinata and Halocharis hispida develop well under the crown of Haloxylon aphyllum. Here they are much larger than between the crowns. The shrub-ephemeral pasture community is dominated by annual grasses and Poa bulbosa. They are mainly concentrated on the outer border of the undercrown ring and are characterized by lush development. In the halophytic semi-shrub-ephemeroid pasture community, the total yield of forage mass of ephemera was 0.90 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of annual saltwort was 0.14 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass of Haloxylon aphyllum was 0.89 t/ha; the total yield of forage mass was 1.93 t/ha.
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Лапенко, Нина, Nina Lapenko, Лусине Оганян i Lusine Oganyan. "Rural pastures – the important food supply for animals of the individual sector". Agrarian Bulletin of the 190, nr 11 (14.11.2019): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/article_5dcd861e318036.10746233.
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Abstract. The work purpose – to get information about the modern state of natural lands (rural pastures) which a cattle and sheep of individual sector are based on and to offer measures on renewal and maintainance of natural vegetation. Technique and objects of a research. The statistical analysis in dynamics of number of cattle and sheep, including on categories of farms is made. The geobotanical description of the vegetation is carried out on registration platforms of 100 m² to the O. Drude’s system. Determination of biological productivity of a vegetable cover was carried out by a hay crop in the same place (from 0.5 m² in sixfold frequency). The objects of our research are the village pastures. Results and practical importance. The analysis of a livestock of animals on categories of farms of Stavropol region is shown. For the last 18 years population in an individual sector, including peasant (farmer) farms and farms of the population increased by 1.6 times. Within the studied communities vegetation modifications with the dominating plant species are revealed: Achillea setacea, Artemisia austriaca, Poa bulbosa, etc. They are spatially unhomogeneous, on specific composition poor. The quantity of types on the registration square (100 m²) averages 24, with fluctuations from 17 to 28. An assessment of fodder potential of natural grass stand degradaded, extents of their degradation is given. Grass stand degradaded, has poor quality of a forage. In its structure up to 74 % of the not virgin land species which do not have feeding value: Artemisia austriaca, Convolvulus arvense, Erodium cicutarium, etc. Scientific novelty. Negative consequences of unsystematic pasturage of the cattle on the limited area of the rural pastures which are under authority of municipal units are shown. Restoration of the degradaded areas of rural pastures by method of agrosteppes is recommended. In its basis – use of seeds of wild-growing steppe herbs.
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Dulepova, N. A., A. Yu Korolyuk, S. M. Yamalov, M. V. Lebedeva i Ya M. Golovanov. "Sandy steppe vegetation in Orenburg Region". Vegetation of Russia, nr 33 (2018): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2018.33.53.
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Aeolian forms of relief in the Orenburg Region occupy limited territories (Ryabukha, 2014). Sandy landforms in the region are distributed on terraces of the rivers Samara, Ural, Ilek, Irtek, Borovka, Bolshoy Uran, Malyy Uran, Or, Kumak, etc., and mostly are spread along the right banks of these rivers. They were formed generally as a result of redeposition of quaternary alluvial sands which average depth varies fr om 2 to 8 m. Two periods of degradation are known for sandy landscapes in the 1950–1960th (Gael, Smirnova, 1999; Chibilyov, Ryabukha, 2016). After the 1990th there was a decrease in a livestock that caused a decrease in the load on pastures and vegetation restoration. Currently, aeolian sands have local distribution and exist near settlements; the largest of them are noted at Burannoye, Izobilnoye, Novoiletskoyr, Kumakskoye, Linevka, etc. Despite considerable number of publications devoted to steppes of the Orenburg Region (Chibilyov, 1996; Ryabinina, 2003; Chibilyov et al., 2004; Ryabukha, 2014; etc.), the psammophyte vegetation was poorly characterized (Ryabukha, 2013; Chibilyov, Ryabukha, 2016). The aim of our study is to describe sandy steppe plant communities of the Orenburg Region and to define their syntaxonomical position. The paper is based on analysis of 122 releves performed in the course of the field studies in 2015–2016 at six areas in Sorochinsk, Tashly, Ilek, Akbulak and Sol-Iletsk districts of the Orenburg Region (Fig. 1–3). The vegetation of sandy areas of the Orenburg Region was classified into 2 associations, 2 subassociations and 2 communities belonging to the class Festucetea vaginatae Soу ex Vicherek 1972, the order Festucetalia vaginatae Soу 1957 and the alliance Festucion beckeri Vicherek 1972 (Table 1). Among the species pool of the class Artemisia marschalliana, Carex colchica, Euphorbia seguieriana, Gypsophila paniculata, Helichrysum arenarium, Koeleria glauca, Kochia laniflora, Silene borysthenica (Fig. 5), Stipa borysthenica are registered with high constancy and often as dominants. The alliance is marked by four species with high constancy — Achillea micrantha, Festuca beckeri, Scorzonera ensifolia (Fig. 4), and Syrenia montana. Ass. Asperulo diminutae–Festucetum beckeri ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 1, column 1; Table. 2, releves 1–34; nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco)— releve 1 (Table 2): field releve number — 15–167, author — А. Yu. Korolyuk, coordinates: 52.56958° N, 53.08936° E, height 100 meters above sea level, 20/06/2015, Orenburg Region, Tashla district, 6km south from the village Kuzminka, the valley of the Irtek River, the bottom of blowing basins) represents communities of two sandy areas, isolated and remote from settlements, in valleys of the rivers Malyy Uran (Sorochinsk district) and Irtek (Tashla district). These communities occupy tops and slopes (4–30°) of low dunes, boards and the bottoms of blowing basins and the leveled interdune surfaces. Diagnostic species of association, such as Asperula diminuta, Centaurea sumensis, Tragopogon ruthenicus,are poorly resistant to a pasture regime. Communities of ass. Helichryso arenarii–Achilleetum micranthae ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 1, column 2–3; Table 3, releves 1–29; nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — releve 17 (Table 3): field releve— ml16–043, author — M. V. Lebedeva, coordinates: 51.39666° N, 53.62691° E, height 70 meters above sea level, 29/05/2016, Orenburg Region, Ilek district, 3.5 km southeast from the village Zatonnoye, the top of dune) are found in all sandy areas of the southern part of the Orenburg region (Tashly, Ilek, Sol-Iletsk and Akbulak districts). They occupy the leveled surfaces, tops and slopes (up to 8°) of dunes, the bottoms of blowing basins. Floristic composition includes groups of perennial (Achillea micrantha, Artemisia austriaca, Carex supina) and annual (Kochia laniflora, Poa bulbosa s. l., Polygonum aviculare agg., Secale sylvestre) species that are resistant to grazing. Their distribution is closely related with intensive pastures. Subass. H. a.–A. m. typicum subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 1, column 3; Table 3, releves 13–29; nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — releve 17 (Table 3)) represents the digressive variants of sandy steppes. In the southern part of the Orenburg Region (Ilek, Sol- Iletsk districts) they tend to occupy the leveled surfaces, tops and slopes of dunes as well as the bottoms of blowing basins. Subass. H. a.–A. m.potentilletosumarenariae subass. nov. hoc loco (Table 1, column 2; Table 3, releves 1–12; nomenclature type (holotypus hoc loco) — releves 1 (Table 3): field releves — 16–027, author — А. Yu. Korolyuk, coordinates: 51.03627° N, 55.92618° E, height 170 meters above sea level, 27/05/016, Orenburg Region, Akbulak district, vicinity of the village Novoprivolnyy, a slope of gentle sandy ridge) is widely distributed in the valley of Ilek river (Akbulak and Sol-Iletsk districts). Coenoses occupy the leveled interdune surfaces, tops and slopes (to 5°) of flat dunes, the bottoms of blowing basins. The community type Spiraea hypericifolia (Table 1, column 4; Table 3, releves 30–31) unites coenoses with well-developed shrub layer. They occur on sands only in Tashla district near the village of Kuzminka wh ere occupy the lowered sites of aeolian relief (the ravine and the bottom of blowing basins). The community with dominance of Scirpoides holoschoenus (Table 1, column 5; Table 3, releves 32–33) form complexes with birch groves in little depressions that characterized by close bedding of ground waters. Thus, there are clear patterns generated by pasture digression in psammophyte communities. With increasing of grazing, patterns of the prevailing life forms in the communities are changing: the cover of bunchgrasses (Festuca beckeri, Koeleria glauca, Stipa borysthenica) decrease, whereas species number and abundance of annual species (Chenopodium acuminatum, C. album, Lappula patula, Poa bulbosa s. l., Polygonum aviculare agg., Secale sylvestre) increase. The total cover of clonal plants increase, but without species number increasing. The overgrazing in sandy landscapes indicates by such species as Achillea micrantha, Artemisia austriaca, Carex supina, Secale sylvestre, Poa bulbosa s. l., Polygonum aviculare agg., and Kochia laniflora. It’s important to mention that under the increasing/reduction of deflation there are no concurrent increasing/reduction of a number of obligate psammophytes. Domination of obligate and facultative psammophytic bunchgrasses in plant communities demonstrates decrease of human impact during the last two decades, especially caused by reduction of a livestock.
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Shamsutdinov, Zebri. "Ecological restoration of biodiversity and forage productivity of degraded pasture ecosystems in the Central Asian Desert". BIO Web of Conferences 43 (2022): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20224301025.
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The low productivity of pastures and its sharp fluctuations in the desert regions of Central Asia are due to the natural-historical factors of this natural zone. However, in recent years, these shortcomings of pastures have been further aggravated as a result of the rapid growth of the population, the continuous development of industry and transport in desert areas, and the pressure of anthropogenic and man-made factors on vegetation and soil is increasing from year to year. This caused disruption of the structure and normal functioning of pasture ecosystems, and their degradation. Mass degradation of pasture ecosystems in arid regions of Central Asia occurs in a short time, which dictates the need for environmental restoration of these destroyed pasture lands. The United Nations General Assembly, by resolution 73/284, adopted at the 69th plenary meeting on March 1, 2019, decided to proclaim 2021-2030 as the "United Nations Decade for the Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems" and called on UN member states to help strengthen political will, mobilize available resources, strengthening scientific studies on ecosystem restoration at the global, regional, national and local levels. To restore the lost biodiversity of the forage productivity of degraded pasture ecosystems in the Central Asian Karnabchul Desert, dominant species of forage plants were sown in the following ratio: Haloxylon aphyllum (15 %), Halothamnus subaphyllus (20 %), Artemisia diffusa (50 %) and Poa bulbosa (15 %). The conducted studies allow to conclude that use of zonal-typical life forms of dominant species of forage plants and sowing of their mixtures (combinations) ensures formation of multi-species multi-level pasture ecosystems with high and stable forage productivity over the years in the Central Asian desert. The restored multi-level and multi-species pasture ecosystems are endowed with the property of self-renewal and self-maintenance of the structural and functional organization. The restored multi-species shrub-semi-shrub-herbaceous pasture ecosystems with a characteristic set of species inherent in natural pasture communities are characterized by high stable forage productivity and perform a conservation function in the Central Asian desert.
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Korolyuk, A. Yu, E. G. Zibzeev, V. M. Vasjukov i S. A. Senator. "Syntaxonomy of psammophytic vegetation of the natural monument «Dyakovskiy forest» (Saratov Region)". Vegetation of Russia, nr 37 (2019): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2019.37.106.
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«Dyakovskiy forest» (Saratov Region) is a unique natural phenomenon. It is located in the transitional zone between dry and desert steppes. Vegetation of this territory is represented by steppes and meadows, as well as small patches of deciduous forests. (Fig. 2) The sand massif is located far from nearest localities of the sandy steppes to the west of the Volga River (Fig. 1). «Dyakovskiy forest» is the unique southern forest outpost in European Russia, supposedly of relict origin (Shilova, Neronov, 2010). Sandy steppes were studied in May 2018. 16 relevés were performed on 10×10 m plots. We compared the communities from «Dyakovskiy forest» with the associations of the class Festucetea vaginatae Soó ex Vicherek 1972 from the southeast of the European Russia and Ukraine. For classification and comparative analysis we used cluster analysis in the PAST software (Hammer et al., 2001). The IBIS 7.2 was used for data storage and processing (Zverev, 2007). Cluster analysis revealed differentiation patterns of psammophytic vegetation (Fig. 3). The central part of the dendrogram is occupied by sandy steppes dominated by perennial grasses (cluster 1). These communities form the prevailing plant communities in the study area; they represent the final stages of sand stabilization. Five species determine the physiognomy of the sandy steppes of the «Dyakovskiy forest»: Artemisia marschalliana, Chamaecytisus borysthenicus, Festuca beckeri, Jurinea polyclonos, Stipa borysthenica. The first cluster was divided into two groups of relevés, representing different stages of sand stabilization. The first group is characterized by high activity of bunchgrasses: Agropyron fragile, Poa bulbosa,and Stipa borysthenica. It is also indicated by the presence of common steppe plants: Allium tulipifolium, Artemisia austriaca, Carex supina, Centaurea pseudomaculosa, Eremogone biebersteinii, Galium ruthenicum, Veronica verna. The second group is distinguished by the high frequency of obligate psammophytes: Tragopogon tanaiticus, Linaria dulcis, Leymus racemosus, and Secale sylvestre. The prevalence of these species allows interpreting the second group as a stage of relatively less fixed sands. Communities with the dominance of annual plants are grouped in the right part of the dendrogram (cluster 2). Now these communities can occur only in disturbed places, for example on a plowed strips protecting «Dyakovskiy forest» from fires. One relevé represents scrub communities that inhabit relatively well-moistened depressions. Thus, the dendrogram structure reflect the main patterns in species composition, associated with sand fixation chronosequence — from stage of annual psammophytes to stage of bunchgrasses and shrubs. To determine the syntaxonomical status of sandy steppes in the system of floristic classification, the earlier described associations of the class Festucetea vaginatae were analyzed. On the dendrogram all associations are united in three groups (Fig. 4). The most numerous first group represents communities from Azov and Black Sea coasts. The second group includes intercontinental sandy steppes. The third group of four associations is transitional, geographically it represents the Aleshkovskiye sands from Don River valley close to its estuary. Steppes from the «Dyakovskiy forest» are the closest to their analogues from Orenburg Region (Dulepova et al., 2018), while a comparison of their species composition shows significant differences (Table 2). Their similarity is determined by a group of common psammophytic species, most of them involved in the diagnosis of the class Festucetea vaginatae, its central order Festucetalia vaginatae Soό 1957 and the alliance Festucion beckeri Vicherek 1972 (Vicherek, 1972). A series of close associations was described from the territory of the Rostov Region (Demina, 2009; Demina et al., 2012). Two associations from the Peskovatskiy sand massif (Rostov Region) were used in the cluster analysis. The level of similarity of these associations with the Saratov and Orenburg associations is low. Thus, the peculiarity of the species composition of the described sandy steppes allows to attribute them to a new association. Association Thymo pallasiani–Festucetum beckeri ass. nov. hoc loco (Table 1: 2–13), holotypus hoc loco: relevé 10 (field number 18-088): Saratov Region (border with Volgograd Region), Krasnokutskiy district, 7 km SW from Dyakovka village, sands, 50.70002º N, 46.68761º E, 21.05.2018, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. Diagnostic species: Alyssum desertorum, Carex colchica, Chamaecytisus borysthenicus, Chondrilla juncea, Euphorbia seguieriana, Festuca beckeri, Helichrysum arenarium, Jurinea polyclonos, Kochia laniflora, Koeleria sabuletorum, Poa bulbosa, Potentilla incana, Silene borysthenica, Stipa borysthenica, Thymus pallasianus. This association is considered as central in the alliance Festucion beckeri and is diagnosed by differential species of higher-level syntaxa. Communities of associations dominate on territory of the «Dyakovskiy forest» (Fig. 5, 6). Association includes 2 variants representing different stages of sand fixing. The var. Agropyron fragile inhabits more fixed sands. The var. Leymus racemosus represents earlier stages. In the study area we distinguish two communities that belong to the class Festucetea vaginatae. The community Spiraea crenata–Scirpoides holoschoenus is confined to shallow depressions. It is characterized by shrub layer with cover up to 20 % and a height of 60–80 cm. It is differentiated from surrounding vegetation by high abundance of Scirpoides holoschoenus and Festuca rupicola. The community Secale sylvestre–Anisantha tectorum is described on a fire protection strips. These are species poor coenoses dominated by annual plants (Fig. 7).
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Golub, V. B., D. N. Karpov, A. N. Sorokin i L. F. Nikolaychuk. "Communities of the class Festuco-Puccinellietea Soó ex Vicherek 1973 on the territory of Eurasia". Vegetation of Russia, nr 7 (2005): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2005.07.59.
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A survey and revision of the highest syntaxa of the class Festuco-Puccinellietea with the exception of plant communities attributed to the class Scorzonero—Juncetea gerardii are submitted. Communities of the Festuco-Puccinellietea are inland intrazonal stands of Eurasia on solonetz soils, most common in flat lowlands as well on the rivers and lakes terraces that are briefly flooded in spring-time, and dry for the most part of the growing season. The diagnostic species combination of the class is heterogeneous. It includes Artemisia dwarf semi-shrubs of the Seriphidium section that are widely spread in the Iran-Turan subregion of the Sahara-Gobi area. These are also Limonium species that are mostly diverse in the Mediterranean region where from these taxa could move into inland areas with solonetz soils. The Festuca taxa of the section Festuca together with Poa bulbosa have probably moved on solonetz soils from adjoining steppes. The halophytic Puccinellia taxa of Xeratropis and Puccinellia sections could penetrate into Festuco-Puccinellietea communities from the banks saline pools. The floristic composition of the class in question gives the bright example of the net-shaped evolution of plant communities according to Whittaker (1980). The distribution area of Festuco-Puccinellietea communities lies within the Black Sea-Kazakhstan subregion of the Eurasian Steppe region according to the subdivision of the Ancient Mediterranean by Lavrenko (1962, 1970а). There are no communities that could be placed in Festuco-Puccinellietea in Central Asia, at least the authors were not lucky to find any signs of these in references. The closest to this class are the communities of Achnatheretea splendentis, however their floristic composition and ecology are significantly different. Within the whole area of their distribution the Festuco-Puccinellietea communities are neighboring with those of Scorzonero—Juncetea gerardii occupying shallow depressions, while in the steppe zone they occur close to zonal phytocenoses on placor belonging to Festuco-Brometea. There is no idea what kinds of semidesert zonal vegetation are contiguous with Festuco-Puccinellietea communities because it is still been poorly studied from the point of view of the Braun-Blanquet approach. Syntaxa that belong to Festuco-Puccinellietea are so far poorly studied on the vast area of Ukraine, as well as Krasnodar and Stavropol regions, the Don River basin, the territory between the Don and Volga rivers of Russia, and Northern Kazakhstan.
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Galán de Mera, Antonio, Ulrich Deil, Horst Haug i José A. Vicente Orellana. "Contribución a la clasificación fitosociológica de los pastizales de la provincia de Cádiz (España)". Acta Botanica Malacitana 22 (1.12.1997): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v22i0.8631.
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En el presente trabajo se estudian las comunidades de pastos del centro y suroeste de la provincia de Cádiz en ,base a 521 inventarios fitosociológicos. Todos ellos han sido sometidos a dos análisis multivariantes, uno de ordenación (PCA) y otro de clasificación. Con ambos métodos se han obtenido 50 grupos de vegetación correspondientes a asociaciones pertenecientes a diferentes clases fitosociológicas: Corynephoretea canescentis, Poetea bulbosae, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae, Ruderali-Secalietea cerealis, Juncetea bufonii Littorelletea, Phragmitio-Magnocaricetea y Frankenietea pulverulentae. Como resultado del tratamiento estadístico se describe un nuevo orden- Phalaridetalia coerulescentis, una alianza -Gaudinio fragilis-Hordeion bulbosi, tres asociaciones - Deschampsio strictae-Agrostietum curtisii, Hedysaro coronarii-Phalaridetum coerulescentis y Poo sylvicolae-Festucetum atlantigenae y dos subasociaciones -Gaudinio fragilis-Agrostietum castellanae hypochaeridetosum platylephlis y Poo sylvicolae-Festucetum atlantigenae scirpetosum maritimi.
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Korolyuk, A. Yu, S. M. Yamalov, M. V. Lebedeva, Ya M. Golovanov, N. A. Dulepova i N. V. Zolotareva. "Syntaxonomy of xeropetrophytic vegetation of Southern Urals: alliance Elytrigion pruiniferae all. nov." Vegetation of Russia, nr 43 (2022): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2022.43.88.
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The dominance of xeropetrophytic plant communities with original species composition along with high phytocenotic diversity is the first to determine the distinctness of the South Ural low-mountain steppe province within the Ural Mountains. As the zonal steppe ecosystems are totally destroyed and transformed, petrophytic cenoses represent the predominant type of natural vegetation. They are of high conservation importance due to preserving unique biodiversity with a large number of rare and endangered species, relics and endemics (Ryabinina, 2003; Yamalov et al., 2019). Stony steppes in the Southern Urals have been studied for more than 100 years. Initiated in the 1980s, the syntaxonomical research covers now only the limited territories, mainly within the protected areas (Unikalnye ..., 2014; Prirodnye ..., 2018). The recent studies are focused on the relationship between the petrophytic vegetation and macroecological gradients in the context of geographical zonation (Zolotareva et al., 2019; Korolyuk et al., 2020). Our study presents the results of the analysis of 265 relevés of petrophytic communities of the steppe zone, carried out by the authors on the territory of the Gaysky, Kuvandyksky, Saraktashsky and Belyaevsky administrative districts of the Orenburg region, as well as the Khaibullinsky district of the Bashkortostan Republic in 2014–2018 (Fig. 1). Six phytocoenons were identified using the TWINSPAN algorithm followed by manual sorting. They represent the main diversity of petrophytic vegetation in the studied region and differ in the groups of species identified by formal criteria (Korolyuk et al., 2016; Zolotareva et al., 2019). We conducted the cluster analysis to compare these with the petrophytic associations of the Urals: 26 associations from the classes Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Soó 1947 and Anabasietea cretaceae Golovanov et al. 2021 (Fig. 2, 3). Five communities were assigned to the steppe vegetation, and their position in the syntaxonomical system was determined. Communities 1–3 regarded as typical steppes have similar floristic composition and dominant plants; community 4 is closer to the rich forb-bunchgrass steppes; community 5 and the ass. Anthemido trotzkianae–Thymetum guberlinensis have transitional features to desert steppes. We identified the new alliance Elytrigion pruiniferae all. nov. D. s.: Allium tulipifolium, Alyssum turkestanicum, Artemisia salsoloides, Centaurea turgaica, Elytrigia pruinifera, Ferula tatarica, Linaria uralensis, Poa bulbosa s. l., Polycnemum arvense, Spiraea hypericifolia. Holotypus — the association Elytrigietum pruiniferae Lebedeva ass. nov. Alliance represents xeropetrophytic vegetation of the steppe zone of the South Urals. Its area covers the watersheds of the Sakmara, Ural and Ilek rivers. Its communities were also found on the right bank of the Sakmara river (the Guberlya and Kuragan basins), as well as in the lower part of the Bolshoy Ik river basin. The communities occupy convex slopes and tops of ridges with immature gravelly soils. In the southern part of the alliance distribution area, they are confined to slopes of various shapes and exposures, while in the northern part mainly to convex southern slopes or to the top of the ridges. The alliance represents xerophytic part of the order Helictotricho-Stipetalia. It replaces the more mesophytic alliance Helictotricho desertori–Orostachyion spinosae on the moisture gradient (Korolyuk, 2017). The alliance includes 3 associations and 1 community type. Ass. Elytrigietum pruiniferae Lebedeva ass. nov. (Table 4), holotypus — rel. 1 (field no. 15-086): Orenburg region, Kuvandyk district, 1.5 km southwest of Yalnair village, near-summit convex part of a rocky slope, 51.28635°N, 57.81782°E, 10.06.2015, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Alyssum turkestanicum, Centaurea turgaica, Elytrigia pruinifera, Linaria uralensis, Poa bulbosa s. l., Polycnemum arvense, Spiraea hypericifolia, Thymus guberlinensis, Tulipa scythica. The association unites petrophytic steppes in hilly lands and low-mountains of the Saraktash, Kuvandyk and Gaysky districts of Orenburg region and on the Turatka mountain in Khaibullinsky district of Bashkiria. The cenoses are confined to convex slopes and tops of ridges. They are developed on gravelly soils on outcrops of basic and metamorphic rocks, less often on sedimentary rocks. There are 4 variants within the association. Ass. Thymo guberlinensis–Galatelletum villosae Yamalov ass. nov. (Table 5), holotypus — rel. 2 (field no. 16-015): Orenburg region, Kuvandyk district, 19 km SW of Zaluzhye village, 51.18268°N, 56.91858°E, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Astragalus tenuifolius, Ephedra distachya, Galatella villosa, Hedysarum argyrophyllum, Meniocus linifolius, Scorzonera stricta, Stipa lessingiana. The association represents xerophytic stony steppes. They occur in all regions confined mainly to the southern slopes and tops of ridges with fine gravelly soils on sedimentary rocks. There are 4 variants within the association. Ass. Stipo zalesskii–Centauretum turgaicae ass. nov. (Table 6, rel. 7–22), holotypus — rel. 10 (field no. 17-122): Orenburg region, Gaysky district, east of the Kazachya Guberlya village, slightly convex slope of the ridge in the near-top part, 51.14663°N, 58.03227°E, 06.18.2017, author — A. Yu. Korolyuk. D. s.: Amygdalus nana, Campanula sibirica, Carex pediformis, Cephalaria uralensis, Erysimum canescens, Helictotrichon desertorum, Pulsatilla patens, Stipa pulcherrima, S. zalesskii. The association was described in the southeastern part of the Guberlinsky Uplands (Gaysky District). The communities occupy habitats typical for petrophytic steppes — convex slopes and tops of ridges on outcrops of basic and metamorphic rocks. The associations Elytrigio pruiniferae–Stipetum sareptanae Golovanov ass. nov. and Anthemido trotzkianae–Thymetum guberlinensis Golovanov et al., 2021 were described in the study area as well. Ass. Elytrigio pruiniferae–Stipetum sareptanae ass. nov. (Table 7), holotypus — rel. 10 (field no. GY18-043): Orenburg region, Kuvandyk district, 4 km SE Novyi village, Suyunduksai Balka, 51.02067°N, 57.33993°E, author — Ya. M. Golovanov. D. s.: Artemisia lerchiana, Astragalus tenuifolius, Atraphaxis frutescens, Ephedra distachya, Gypsophila rupestris, Hedysarum argyrophyllum, H. razoumovianum, Meniocus linifolius, Sterigmostemum tomentosum. The association is found mainly to the south of the latitudinal section of the Ural River within the Guberlinsky Uplands (Kuvandyk District), as well as of the hilly lands of the South Urals (Saraktashsky District). The communities are confined to slopes of different exposure and steepness on outcrops of sedimentary rocks. The plants of dry and desert steppes, as well as those preferring chalk outcrops, are among the diagnostic species. This brings the association together with desert-steppe communities of the order Agropiretalia Korolyuk et Laktionov 2021, class Artemisietea lerchianae Golub 1994 (Korolyuk, Laktionov, 2021). Nevertheless, the composition and structure of cenoses confirm the assignment of the association to the class Festuco-Brometea. There are 4 variants within the association. The diversity of xeropetrophytic vegetation of the South Urals is much higher than that described in the article. The involvement of data from the adjacent regions of Kazakhstan will facilitate the further development of its syntaxonomical system.
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Inelova, Z. A., M. U. Aitzhan, Y. G. Zaparina i G. K. Erubayeva. "PLANT BIODIVERSITY OF MONITORING POINTS V.AMANGELDY ALMATY REGION". Series of biological and medical 2, nr 338 (15.04.2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/10.32014/2020.2519-1629.12.
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The article provides a systematic analysis of the species composition of plants of the flora of v. Amangeldy, Almaty region. The comprehensive study of regional floras is becoming increasingly important in connection with the implementation of the solution to the problem of studying and preserving biological diversity. Complete information about the composition of the flora of a territory is of great theoretical importance, it allows establishing the structure and Genesis of its components, to identify individual characteristics, to restore the history of formation and trends. This ultimately is the basis of rational use of plant resources and protection of rare and endangered plants, as well as to solve many important economic problems - identifying new sources and resources of medicinal, food, fodder, ornamental and other plants. One of the main characteristics of any flora is its systematic structure, namely the ratio of families, genera and species, on the one hand, and the quantitative indicators of these taxa that determine its wealth, on the other. These indicators are components of a systematic analysis of flora in general and coenoflora in particular, the data obtained using such analysis are important material for comparative floristry. From this point of view, the systematic structure of the flora acquires the significance of one of the essential indicators that characterize the flora in the regional plan. The study of the species composition of the flora is of great importance both for understanding the history of flora and landscapes of the region as a whole, and for finding ways to conserve and use biodiversity under conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure. Research was carried out by route-reconnaissance method in combination with a detailed study of experimental sites. In the study area – V. Amangeldy was first identified: 112 species from 88 genera and 29 families, with the dominance of the families Asteraceae (24 species or 21.4 %, 17 genera), Rosaceae (15 species or 13.39%, 11 genera), Brassicaceae (11 species, or 9.82 %, 9 genera) from Dicotyledons, and Poaceae (11 genera, 12 species, or 10.71 %) from Monocotyledonous plants. The dominant families account for 62 species, which is 55.36 % of the total number of plant species growing in this territory. Leading genera Artemisia, Potentilla and Rumex. On the territory of the study, 33 forage plant species were identified: Bromus inermis (Leyss.) Holub., Rumex confertus Willd., Trifolium pratense L., Poa bulbosa L., etc. In connection with the degradation of the vegetation cover number of weed plants was 75 species, among which are: Rumex crispus L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cannabis ruderalis Janisch., Lathyrus tuberosus L. and other. Endemic and rare species were not found. The results of the research will serve as a basis for the rational use of the flora of Amangeldy village in Almaty region, as well as for the conservation of biodiversity. Obtained as a result of a systematic analysis of the flora of Amangeldy, it will help to identify the centers of endemism and relict, as well as to solve the issues of the place and role of this flora in a number of other adjacent floras.
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Zhang, F. L., Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. D. Xu, K. Liu, Y. Wang, Y. J. Lu i in. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Blumeria graminis on Festuca arundinacea in China". Plant Disease 98, nr 11 (listopad 2014): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-14-0567-pdn.
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Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), a predominant cool-season perennial grass, is widely used as forage and turf grasses in China. In July 2013, powdery mildew was observed on 10 F. arundinacea lawns (about 0.5 ha in total) in Urumchi, Xinjiang Province, China, with 20 to 30% of the area being infected. Signs of the disease initially appeared as irregular white mycelial colonies on the adaxial surface of infected leaves. As the disease progressed, the colonies covered the whole adaxial surface and white patches appeared on the abaxial surface of infected leaves. Conidiophores were unbranched and cylindrical with swollen bases, measuring 13.3 to 15 × 16.7 to 20 μm, and borne vertically on hyphae. Each conidiophore produced 10 to 18 conidia in a chain. The conidia were oval, one-celled, and colorless, measuring 8.1 to 9.8 × 26 to 29.7 μm. Cleistothecia were black, spherical, and 164.3 to 207.3 μm in diameter, each of which contained 9 to 26 asci. Asci were oblong or ovate, measuring 32.1 to 40 × 85.7 to 96.4 μm. Asci were petiolate, containing eight ascospores. Ascospores were round to oval, colorless, one-celled, measuring 19.1 to 22.5 × 11.7 to 13.6 μm. Based on morphological characteristics of the anamorph and the teleomorph, the fungus was identified as Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer. Additionally, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of 563 bp was amplified from DNA of conidia using ITS1 and ITS4 primers (4). The ITS sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KF545644). The ITS sequence showed 100% homogeneity with those of B. graminis on Poa pratensis in Swizerland (AB273540) and on P. bulbosa in Iran (AB273551) (1), which further confirmed the identification. Ten 3-week-old healthy plants were inoculated by spraying a spore suspension (1 × 105 conidia ml−1) made from conidia brushed from infected plants, and 10 plants sprayed with sterile distilled water were served as controls. All the plants were placed in the same growth chamber at 20°C, 80% humidity, and 16-h photoperiod. Twenty days after inoculation, typical signs and symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on all the inoculated plants, whereas no symptoms were observed on the controls. Microscopic and ITS analysis showed that the fungus on the inoculated plants is identical to that on diseased field plants. B. graminis on F. arundinacea has been observed in a few European countries (1), Israel (3), and the United States (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of powdery mildew caused by B. graminis on F. arundinacea in China, which will increase the difficulty to prevent powdery mildew on grasses including cereals. References: (1) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena-Stuttgart-New York, 1995. (2) F. M. Dugan and G. Newcombe. Pacific Northwest Fungi. 2:1-5, 2007. (3) S. O. Voytyuk et al. Biodiversity of the Powdery Mildew Fungi (Erysiphales, Ascomycota) of Israel Vol. 7. Biodiversity of Cyanoprocaryotes, Algae and Fungi of Israel. Koeltz Scientific Books, 2009. (4) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Mokoginta, Rizkah V., Herny E. I. Simbala i Karlah L. R. Mansauda. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BULBUS BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana Merr) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl)". PHARMACON 9, nr 3 (9.08.2020): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.30031.
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ABSTRACTDayak onion plant (Eleutherine americana Merr.) or commonly called forest onion is a typical plant of Central Kalimantan that has been used by local peoples for cure a various types of diseases. This study aims to determine the activity of antioxidant compounds from Dayak bulb ethanol extracts from Kotamobagu City. This research method is an experimental laboratory. Initially the Dayak bulb sample was extracted maceration with 96% ethanol solvent then evaporated until a thick extract was obtained. As a parameter, the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) was used to test the antioxidant activity of the samples at concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 mg / L and as a comparison standard used Vitamin C with concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg / L. The results obtained showed antioxidant activity in Dayak bulb ethanol extracts with IC50 values of 41.46 mg / L and on vitamin C IC50 values of 1.04 mg / L. Based on these results it can be concluded that the onion bulb ethanol extract has very strong antioxidant activity. Keywords: Dayak Onion bulbs, Activity, Antioxidant, DPPH ABSTRAK Tanaman bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) atau biasa disebut bawang hutan merupakan tanaman khas Kalimantan Tengah yang sudah dipergunakan masyarakat lokal sebagai obat berbagai jenis penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas senyawa antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak yang berasal dari Kota Kotamobagu. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium. Awalnya sampel bulbus bawang Dayak diekstraksi maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% kemudian dievaporasi hingga didapatkan ekstrak kental. Sebagai parameter, digunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan sampel pada konsentrasi 50, 60, 70, 80 dan 90 mg/L dan sebagai standar pembanding digunakan Vitamin C dengan konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 mg/L. Hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 41,46 mg/L dan pada vitamin C nilai IC50 sebesar 1,04 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Kata kunci: Bulbus Bawang Dayak, Aktivitas, Antioksidan, DPPH
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Ren, Haiwei, Siqi Li, Ming Gao, Xueye Xing, Yaqin Tian, Zhe Ling, Weixia Yang, Lichao Pan, Wenguang Fan i Yi Zheng. "Preparation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose/Polylactic Acid Biocomposite Films and Its Application in Lanzhou Lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) Bulbs Preservation". Sustainability 15, nr 18 (15.09.2023): 13770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813770.
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Green biodegradable bio-based films have gained interest in replacing petroleum-derived plastic packaging materials as a new preservation strategy for fruits and vegetables to alleviate environmental pressures. In this study, we aimed to develop novel biodegradable composite films based on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA). Our results demonstrated that the addition of 3% MCC to PLA could improve its tensile strength. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that MCC dispersed well in PLA at lower content while agglomerated at higher content. It was discovered that all four types of MCC/PLA biocomposite films could retard the color change of Lanzhou lily bulbs, accompanied by maintaining favorable total soluble solid, total sugar, total polyphenols, and flavonoid content, inhibiting the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and the content of malondialdehyde during storage. Moreover, the preservation effect of MCC/PLA biocomposite films on Lanzhou lily bulbs was evaluated using a membership function, and the SSS MCC/PLA biocomposite film demonstrated a favorable fresh-keeping effect. In conclusion, four types of MCC from different biomass materials added to PLA-based products can be beneficial in improving the attractive properties of biocomposite films. These films are expected to replace petroleum-derived plastics as a new packaging material for preserving Lanzhou lily bulbs.
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Harish, J., Namburi Karunakar Reddy, Karan R, Lakshmeesha R, N. Vamsidharreddy, Vineeth M, Divyashree i Chethan P. "Morphological, Cultural Characteristics of Post-Harvest Diseases in Onion and its Management through Bio-Agents". Journal of Advances in Microbiology 24, nr 3 (23.03.2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i3804.
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The onion (Allium cepa L.) is a biennial herb characterized by its bulbous structure, and it stands as one of the vital vegetable crops cultivated in India. Its origins can be traced back to the central Asian region. This underground bulbous vegetable crop is cultivated on a commercial scale due to its extensive adaptability and the significant potential for high production. Classified under the Amaryllidaceae family and Allium genus, the onion holds a pivotal role in the world of vegetables. The primary culprits responsible for onion bulb rot after harvesting were identified as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. It was determined that the media PDA, SDA, MEA, and YDA were conducive to the growth and sporulation of A. niger mycelium. Conversely, MEA, OM, PDA, and YDA were found to be favorable for the development and sporulation of A. flavus. Lastly, PDA, CDA, OMA, and RA culture media demonstrated suitability for promoting mycelial growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae.
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Cabi, Evren, Robert J. Soreng, Lynn Gillespie i Neda Amiri. "Poa densa(Poaceae), an overlooked Turkish steppe grass, and the evolution of bulbs inPoa". Willdenowia 46, nr 2 (sierpień 2016): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.46.46201.
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Ubaydullayev, Sh, N. Shamsutdinov, L. Yoziyev, A. Kurbanov, Sh Yuldashev i M. Hakimova. "The influence of different aged Black Saxaul plants on distribution, growth and accumulation of aboveground phytomass of Poa Bulboza L." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 614 (18.12.2020): 012163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/614/1/012163.
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Catalano, Paolo N., Noelia Di Giorgio, María M. Bonaventura, Bernhard Bettler, Carlos Libertun i Victoria A. Lux-Lantos. "Lack of functional GABAB receptors alters GnRH physiology and sexual dimorphic expression of GnRH and GAD-67 in the brain". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 298, nr 3 (marzec 2010): E683—E696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00532.2009.
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GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter, acts through GABAA/C and GABAB receptors (GABABRs); it is critical for gonadotropin regulation. We studied whether the lack of functional GABABRs in GABAB1 knockout (GABAB1KO) mice affected the gonadotropin axis physiology. Adult male and female GABAB1KO and wild-type (WT) mice were killed to collect blood and tissue samples. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) content in whole hypothalami (HT), olfactory bulbs (OB), and frontoparietal cortexes (CT) were determined (RIA). GnRH expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was evaluated in preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH), medial basal-posterior hypothalamus (MBH-PH), OB, and CT. Pulsatile GnRH secretion from hypothalamic explants was measured by RIA. GABA, glutamate, and taurine contents in HT and CT were determined by HPLC. Glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD-67) mRNA was measured by qRT-PCR in POA-AH, MBH-PH, and CT. Gonadotropin content, serum levels, and secretion from adenohypophyseal cell cultures (ACC) were measured by RIA. GnRH mRNA expression was increased in POA-AH of WT males compared with females; this pattern of expression was inversed in GABAB1KO mice. MBH-PH, OB, and CT did not follow this pattern. In GABAB1KO females, GnRH pulse frequency was increased and GABA and glutamate contents were augmented. POA-AH GAD-67 mRNA showed the same expression pattern as GnRH mRNA in this area. Gonadotropin pituitary contents and serum levels showed no differences between genotypes. Increased basal LH secretion and decreased GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin response were observed in GABAB1KO female ACCs. These results support the hypothesis that the absence of functional GABABRs alters GnRH physiology and critically affects sexual dimorphic expression of GnRH and GAD-67 in POA-AH.