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1
Chai, Shan, i shan chai@optusnet com au. "Performance Evaluation of Perceptually Lossless Medical Image Coder". RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080205.120648.
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Medical imaging technologies offer the benefits of faster and accurate diagnosis. When the medical imaging combined with the digitization, they offer the advantage of permanent storage and fast transmission to any geographical location. However, there is a need for efficient compression algorithms that alleviate the taxing burden of both large storage space and transmission bandwidth requirements. The Perceptually Lossless Medical Image Coder is a new image compression technique. It provides a solution to challenge of delivering clinically critical information in the shortest time possible. It embeds the visual pruning into the JPEG 2000 coding framework to achieve the optimal compression without losing the visual integrity of medical images. However, the performance of the PLMIC under certain medical image operation is still unknown. In this thesis, we investigate the performance of the PLMIC by applying linear, quadratic and cubic standard and centered B-spline interpolation filters. In order to evaluate the visual performance, a subjective assessment consisting of 30 medical images and 6 image processing experts was conducted. The perceptually lossless medical image coder was compared to the state-of-the-art JPEG-LS compliant LOCO and NLOCO image coders. The results have shown overall, there were no perceivable differences of statistical significance when the medical images were enlarged by a factor of 2. The findings of the thesis may help the researchers to further improve the coder. Additionally, it may also notify the radiologists the performance of the PLMIC coder to help them with correct diagnosis.
2
Sonnenschein, Jiří. "Návrh řídícího systému pro mobilní cirkulační systém pro transport plic". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220836.
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In the first part of this master’s thesis an overview about lungs (anatomy, physiology and respiratory mechanics) is given. Next sections are focused on description of the mechanical lung simulator and the mobile circulatory module. The use, construction, function, observed parameters and control scheme of the mobile circulatory module is described. Control unit which is divided into separate modules is introduced including description of power supply and communication. In following chapters a description of DCNM (Direct Control and Notification Module) is given.
3
Paštěka, Richard. "Integrace a testování real-time řídicí jednotky pro simulaci plic". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-242052.
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Aktivní mechanický plicní simulátor (iLung) nabízí možnost simulace lidského dýchání. Cílem této práce je implementovat a otestovat řídící a akviziční systém cRIO pracující v reálném čase, jako řídící jednotku simulátoru. Výsledné propojení obou zařízení je zdokumentováno ve formě tabulek a původních osazovacích výkresů, které jsou doplněny o popis funkce každého pinu. Významného zlepšení bylo dosaženo laděním motoru a modifikací proporcionálně-integračního regulátoru v řídícím programu. Tyto modifikace mají za následek významné snížení oscilací v okolí nuly. Pro zvýšení využitelnosti a přístupnosti simulátoru byl vytvořen uživatelský manuál a s ním související laboratorní cvičení. Validace funkce implementované řídící jednotky nebyla omezena pouze na jednoduché testovací rutiny, ale rozšířena na testování funkce simulátoru jako celku. Měření na simulátoru byly porovnány a diskutovány s klidovým spirometrickým vyšetřením 20ti probandů. Měření prokázala velkou míru podobnosti mezi simulovaný dýcháním iLung a klidovým lidským dýcháním.
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Trávníčková, Hana. "Implementace přenosového protokolu pro přenos dat mobilní cirkulační jednotky pro převoz plic". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220838.
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The aim of this thesis is a data transfer protocol implementation for a mobile control unit for transporting lungs. Apart from this thesis the data transfer protocol is used in AlveoPic project. The introductory part is focused on an anatomical and physiological background of a human respiratory system. Consequently it describes the i-Lung module and the mobile circulation module (MCM). It deals with the healthcare informatics interoperability standards with an emphasis to the ISO/IEEE 11073 standard. The subsequent part is represented by MCM’s simulator realization and design of a monitoring application. The final part aims at an analysis of the test cases for a monitoring application’s and a protocol framework’s control.
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Heir, Renu. "PLIC-1 plays a dual role in protein aggregate transport and proteasomal shuttling". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101137.
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Defects in protein folding and the proteasomal pathway have been linked with numerous neurodegenerative diseases. PLIC-1 is a Ubiquitin- like (UBL) protein that binds the ubiquitin- interacting motif (UIM) of the proteasomal subunit S5a, and has been proposed to act as a proteasomal shuttle. Here, we show the UBL of PLIC-1 also binds the UIM-containing EPS15, an endocytic protein, and they function together in the transport of aggregates to the perinuclear aggresome.We also show PLIC-1 changes localization upon expression of an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) substrate, as well as binds an ERAD component, E4B. This indicates a role in shuttling ERAD substrates in particular to the proteasome for degradation. Taken together, this allows the proposal of a dual model for PLIC-1 function: under low aggregation, ubiquitinated proteins such as ERAD substrates are shuttled to the proteasome, but under high aggregation the proteasome is overwhelmed and PLIC-1, with EPS15, promotes aggresome formation.
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Therien, James Patrick Daniel. "The Role of Transmembrane Domain Helix-Helix Interactions in the Function of Pentameric Ligand-Gated Ion Channels". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35643.
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The pentameric ligand gated ion channel super family plays a central role in fast synaptic communication between neurons and at the neuromuscular junction. Extensive studies on the prototypic pLGIC, the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have revealed an exquisite lipid sensitivity, with the nAChR adopting a novel uncoupled conformation in membranes lacking activating anionic and neutral lipids. The lipid-exposed transmembrane alpha-helix, M4, in each homologous subunit likely acts as a lipid sensor. One model proposes that activating lipids promote M4 “binding” to the adjacent alpha-helices, M1 and M3, to enhance interactions between the M4 C-terminus and the Cys-loop of the agonist-binding domain, with such interactions promoting coupling between the agonist site and channel gate. The first part of my thesis indirectly tests this hypothesis by exploring the effects of membrane hydrophobic thickness on nAChR function. Specifically, I tested the hypothesis that thicker membranes, which should promote alignment of M4 parallel to M1/M3 and thus helix-helix interactions, favor a coupled conformation. Although I found that the nAChR is uncoupled in all membranes tested, regardless of hydrophobic thickness, thicker membranes promote transitions from uncoupled to ultimately the desensitized state over the minutes to hours time frame. In contrast to anionic lipids, which influence function primarily via a conformational selection mechanism, membrane hydrophobic thickness influences function via a kinetic mechanism - thick membranes lower the activation energy between uncoupled and coupled conformations to promote conformational transitions. In the second part of my thesis, I used the two prokaryotic homologs, GLIC and ELIC, to explore how amino acid interactions at the interface between M4 and M1/M3 influence channel activity. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of this interface shows that disruption of almost any interaction in GLIC leads to a loss of folding and/or function, while analogous mutations in ELIC typically lead to no change or produce gains in function. Sequence comparisons with other members of the pLGIC superfamily suggest that the transmembrane domains of GLIC and ELIC represent two distinct archetypes. Each archetype may strike a different balance between the need for strong M4 binding to M1/M3 to promote folding and pentamer assembly, and the need for weaker interactions that allow for greater conformational flexibility during function.
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Cerdan, Adrien. "Exploration de la transmission synaptique et de la régulation des récepteurs ionotropes par simulations de dynamique moléculaire et électrophysiologie numérique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF006/document.
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Au niveau de la synapse, la liaison des neurotransmetteurs aux récepteurs membranaires induit l’ouverture de canaux ioniques. Le Récepteur de la Glycine (RGly) est un récepteur ionotrope impliqué dans des troubles neuronaux tels que l’addiction, la douleur chronique, ou l’hyperekplexie ; pour cette raison il est important de développer des nouveaux traitements ciblant ce récepteur. Nous avons utilisé des simulations de Dynamiques Moléculaire (DM) et d’électrophysiologie numérique afin d’évaluer la fonction des structures du RGly disponibles et montré qu’aucune d’entre elles ne satisfait les propriétés fonctionnelles de l’état ouvert. Grâce aux simulations de DM, nous avons caractérisé une nouvelle conformation du RGly, qui est compatible avec cet état. Nous avons souligné le rôle majeur des portails latéraux pour la perméation des ions. Nous avons proposé un protocole, nommé pharmacologie dépendante de l’état, pour identifier des molécules modulatrices de protéines allostériquesSignals within neurons are mostly transmitted through chemical synapses. Signal transduction arises from the binding of neurotransmitters to membrane receptors in order to open ion channels. The Glycine Receptor (GlyR) is an ionotropic receptor which is involved in several neurological disorders such as addiction, chronic pain, or hyperekplexia. Because of its implication in human diseases, it is interesting to design novel drugs targeting this receptor. We used Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and computational electrophysiology to probe the function of available GlyR structures. We showed that none of the experimental structures display the physiological behavior of the conductive state. Using MD simulations, we captured a novel conformation of the GlyR compatible with a conductive state and demonstrated the importance of lateral portals for ionic permeation. Lastly, we proposed an original protocol, named state-based pharmacology, to discover modulators of allosteric proteins
8
Šimonková, Karolína. "Porovnání účinnosti vybraných metod léčení rakoviny prostaty a prsu pomocí analýzy přežití". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359539.
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This diploma thesis deals with various ways of treatment of selected oncological diseases and the effectiveness of treatment methods and evaluation of the influence of various factors influencing the survival of patients. The activity of individual healing processes is evaluated by survival analysis. The subjects of the study are patients with breast, lung and prostate cancer. The survival analysis considers the sex of the patient, the age and stage of his illness, and other factors to avoid distorted results. The aim of the work is to find out the effects of selected therapeutic procedures on patients' health and to identify factors that have a significant impact on the survival of patients. The data for the diploma thesis was provided by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, the Statistical Office, the National Cancer Register (NOR), the US SEER database and the German Breast Cancer Study.
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Votoupal, Pavel. "Segmentace dýchacích cest v CT datech". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221386.
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This thesis deals with the segmentation of lung parenchyma and extraction of airways tree from three dimensional CT scans. The external mask of the lungs is created and subsequently used to ease the process of airway segmentation. In this work, some published methods for airways segmentation are described with focus on one, which is described more in detail and also implemented in MATLAB. The proposed approach is based on morphological grayscale reconstruction. Method is tested on the real patient CT scans and finally, the results are discussed.
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Černý, Petr. "Ekonomické hodnocení ozdravného protiradonového opatření u rodinných domů". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-86036.
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The aim of the thesis is to valuate economic effectivity of radon mitigation countermeasures co-financed by the state applied in family houses which display high radon level. Feasibility of the mitigation is analysed without concering financing source. Furthermore, the project is valuated from the point of view of the house owner and from the state's point of view. Presence of residental radon is increasing lung cancer probability, radon has notable healt effects. Costs and benefit of the hypothetic project are vauated in CBA analysis. The author finds the project unfeasible. CBA is discussed as a suitable economic tool for fiding alternative technological method aiming to social effectivity. Providing feasible change of remediation parametres caused positive social value of the project, socioeconomic flow in the state point of view would remain negative. Therefore, state participation on the radon mitigation countermeasures of private family houses is not reccomended.
11
Lízal, František. "Experimentální výzkum transportu a depozice aerosolů v dýchacím traktu člověka". Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234006.
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Human health is significantly influenced by inhaled aerosols. Insight to the aerosol transport and deposition mechanisms is a prerequisite for both, toxicological protection against harmful particles and efficient application of inhaled therapeutic aerosols. The purpose of this doctoral thesis was to gain new knowledge of this topic on the basis of in vitro measurements. Phase-Doppler Anemometry was chosen for aerosol transport measurement, for it allows simultaneous measurement of particle size and velocity. Results were processed by means of statistical methods and frequency analysis. Deposition of spherical aerosol particles was measured by Positron Emission Tomography, while deposition of fibrous aerosol was measured by Phase-Contrast Microscopy combined with automated image analysis. All experiments were performed on physical models created on the basis of the real lung geometry. New knowledge of flow characteristics, transition from laminar to turbulent flow, effect of breathing pattern or particle size on aerosol transport and deposition in human lungs are outcomes of this work. Significant effect of the oral cavity was ascertained due to comparison of aerosol deposition in realistic and semi-realistic model with cylindrical smooth walls. Acquired data not merely extended our knowledge of aerosol behavior in lungs but it can also be used for validation of numerical simulations.
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Lippay, Josef. "Využití fluorescenčních technik ve studiu depozice aerosolů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216961.
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Several experiments were designed for utilization of fluorescence spectroscopy as a method of aerosol particle detection in a model of lungs. One of the experiments was to arranged use luminescent properties of DEHS (bis(2-ethylhexyl)decandioate) for calculating aerosol deposition. The outcome of this experiment was confirmation of clusters existence, which causes luminescence of DEHS. But the luminescence is not enough dependent on concentration and as such is not suitable for calculation of aerosol deposition. As the next experiment DEHS-fluorescein particles were generated by condensation monodisperse aerosol generator (CMAG), where water was used instead of isopropyl alcohol as a solvent. By this alteration the negative influence of DEHS was eliminated, which caused results refinements of aerosol deposition. Generation of fluorescein sodium salt particles by small-scale powder disperser (SSPD) was designed as a last experiment. The lower deposition efficiency measured by this method was caused by particles polydispersion. Photo records were used for documentation of Hot-spots. Outcomes of this study are new knowledge of fluorescence spectroscopy utilization for study of aerosol deposition and possibilities of fluorescent aerosol particles generation. Acquired data can serve for knowledge extension of possible detection methods for aerosol particles in the model of lung and can serve for validation of numerical simulations.
13
Kupková, Karolína. "Model dynamických kontrastních CT dat pro hodnocení lícovacích algoritmů". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220034.
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This work is focused on the description of the dynamic contrast-enhanced CT examination and its contribution in the pneumooncology. It includes a program for creating a two-dimensional model of the scan from the thorax and for the perfuse examination simulation using the time-density curve. Real CT data are simulated more authentic using rigid geometric transformations and noise. The model will be used for the validation of registration algorithms that is used to suppress the spatial deformation generated by patient motions during the long time examination.
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Laurent, Benoist. "Étude de l'anesthésie générale à l'échelle atomique par modélisation d'un homologue bactérien du récepteur nicotinique humain". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053431.
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La découverte des anesthésiques représente un progrès majeur de la médecine, rendu possible par l'observation empirique de leurs effets. Des expériences ont révélées les neurorécepteurs comme cibles possibles des anesthésiques, des canaux localisés sur la membrane des cellules cibles aux terminaisons nerveuses. Le récepteur GLIC, un homologue bactérien du récepteur nicotinique humain, a été co-cristallisé en 2011 avec des anesthésiques généraux liés à lui. Dans cette thèse, j'utilise les simulations de dynamique moléculaire pour caractériser les interactions entre des anesthésiques généraux et différentes formes de GLIC. En 2011, le propofol et le desflurane ont été co-cristallisés dans un site de liaison intra-sous-unité localisé dans le domaine transmembranaire de GLIC. En 2013, il a été montré que le bromoforme se lie à ce site ainsi qu'à un site inter-sous-unités. Dans ce travail, je décris des simulations d'une nouvelle structure cristalline montrant un site de liaison situé dans le pore du canal. Des simulations d'innondation de GLIC par le bromoforme ont démontré l'accessibilité spontanée des sites expérimentaux dans un environnement non cristallin. Des calculs d'énergie libre mettent en évidence des différences d'énergie de liaison entre les sites et entre des mutants de GLIC. Un échantillonnage complet des poches de liaison m'a permis de détecter un autre site de liaison inter-sous-unité duquel l'accessibilité est semble modulée par un résidu en particulier. Les données accumulées au cours de ce projet fournissent une image grandissante de l'action des anesthésiques à l'échelle atomique.
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Pauk, Norbert. "Rizikové faktory karcinomu plic". Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-292675.
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The objective of the fi rst part of the thesis was to estimate risk and protective factors on lung cancer risk in females, especially to study the differences in the impact of diet and physical exercise on lung cancer risk in female nonsmokers vs. smokers, and reveal interactions, if any. In a hospital based case-control study, data collected by in-person interviews from 569 female lung cancer cases and 2120 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression stratifying by appropriate factors. To investigate the role of tobacco and some other known or suspected factors responsible for the risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the lung, and to compare with other cell types (squamous-, small- and large-cell cancers) in Czech women, we conducted a case-control study, this is described as a second part of the thesis. Data collected by personal interviews from 145 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung, 221 lung cancer cases of other cell types, and 1624 controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression.
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Talašová, Marcela. "Onemocnění plic způsobená prachem azbestu". Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-268116.
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Baráková, Táňa. "Funkční zobrazovací metody karcinomu plic". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-390033.
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Topic: Functional imaging methods of lung cancer MUDr. Táňa Baráková, Klinika zobrazovacích metod FN Plzeň Introduction: The aim of my work was to assess the use of direct quantification of dual-energy CT (DE-CT) radiation in the diagnosis and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. The work consists of three studies that were performed on Department of imaging methods. The main objectives were to assess the contribution of iodine quantification from DE-CT examinations, to verify the setting and to incorporate the DE-CT examination of the chest into a routine investigation. Furthermore, to investigate the possible benefit of dual- phase DE-CT in evaluating both primary non-small cell lung cancer itself and lymph nodes in terms of iodine and size relationship in chemotherapy or targeted therapy, and finally to investigate the possible benefit of staging FDG-PET / CT to evaluate the effect of therapy on lymph nodes. Methodics: In all presented studies, the same DE-CT protocol was used in the early (arterial) and late (venous) stages. Using a dedicated software prototype, iodine content analysis was performed as the equivalent of blood circulation in lymph nodes and tumors. The main evaluated parameters were iodine content (mg), iodine uptake (mg / ml) and ratio of arterial enhancement...
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Herbrík, Andrej. "Kolonizace lidských plic nepatogenními streptomycetami". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411448.
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Streptomycetes, primary soil saprophytic microorganisms are at the center of interest in many research groups, mainly because of their ability to produce a wide range of biologically active substances useful in medicine, biotechnology and agriculture. The marginal, and little explored areas are the interactions that streptomycetes create with humans. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that streptomycetes colonize the skin, the respiratory and possibly the urogenital tract of humans. In addition to apparent pathogens such as S. somaliensis and S. sudanensis, the clinical impact of these streptomycetes on human health is unknown. For this reason, a unique collection of non-pathogenic streptomycetes isolated from human clinical specimens was developed. The isolates were collected by the National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Actinomycetes in Trutnov, Czech Republic. On the basis of pilot studies, an isolate labeled TR42 was selected from the Trutnov collection, showing a very broad spectrum of biological activities. This strain was isolated from sputum from a patient with unknown respiratory diagnosis. The TR42 strain exhibits considerable biotechnological potential and after following a thorough study, it could be a source of new biologically active substances with pharmaceutically...
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Čermáková, Anna. "Rizikové faktory karcinomu plic. Plicní karcinom u žen". Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-273143.
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Theme of her thesis dealing with lung cancer women I have chosen not only because it belongs to the Czech Republic countries with high incidence and mortality for lung cancer, but also personal interest in this issue. Lung cancer is by far the most common malignant us cancer in men. For women, the incidence of this tumor is about four times lower than in men, but worrying is the fact that the curve for women incidence has increased steadily. Although a direct link has been demonstrated a number of risk factors, especially smoking, another question arises about the influence of other substances, especially in women, where the representation ofdifferent histological different types of lung tumors. Therefore, there are hypotheses whether women have no share in the development of lung cancer, especially adenocarcinoma, hormonal influences. That was the impetus for writing this work, which I tried to find association between the occurrence ofadenocarcinoma in women and hormonal contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy and length of time between menarche and menopause.
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Čapková, Linda. "Histopatologická a molekulární diagnostika nádorů plic a pleury". Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336180.
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The aim of the presented thesis is to introduce modern molecular methods that may contribute to deepening our knowledge of pulmonary carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we would like to point out the significance of immunohistochemistry in differential diagnostics of the most common primary pulmonary and pleural neoplasms. Lung carcinoma of all histological subtypes is a result of stepwise accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes, including allelic losses (LOH), chromosomal instability and imbalance, oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations, epigenetic silencing by promotor hypermethylation or aberrant gene expression guidinig cell proliferation. In our study, certain genetic changes were detected in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the lung, their precancerous lesions as well as in normal bronchial mucosa in a selected group of heavy smokers with limited ventilation. We investigated the relation between molecular changes of LOH type in chromosomal regions harbouring mismatch repair genes and cell cycle regulators and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA expression. We also evaluated the relation between these molecular changes and histologic pattern in bronchial mucosa in this patient group. hTERT mRNA expression analysis in correlation with LOH in bronchial mucosa of heavy...
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Obertová, Nikola. "Inhalační podání léčiv v terapii obstrukčních chorob plic". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356262.
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Use of inhaled drugs in obstructive pulmonary diseases Author: Nikola Obertová 1 Tutor: Josef Malý 1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and objectives: Chronic respiratory diseases are emerging health problem. The administration of the medication is mostly performed by the process of inhalation. Therefore, a proper inhalation technique plays a crucial role in symptom reduction and achievement of adequate control over the disease. The aim of the thesis was partly to assess the level of inhalation technique in elderly patients in nursing home settings, partly to evaluate the knowledge of nurses and their role in advice provision related to the proper inhalation technique. Methods: The data were collected from June to September 2016 from 18 nursing homes located in South Wales (Great Britain). The study was realized in two arms. The evaluated group (first arm) was composed of patients (residents) with having asthma bronchiale or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosed and being older than 65 years. Second arm consisted of nurses responsible for giving advices about inhalation technique to the residents. Nursing home visits were composed of three parts. First one was a controlled interview based on the...
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Roušalová, Ilona. "Exprese a funkce serpinu B9 v buňkách karcinomu plic". Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305929.
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Background: Granzyme B (GrB) is a key proapoptotic secretory protease of CTLs and NK cells. Its specific proapoptotic effects in cancer cells can be blocked by increased expression of serpinB9. SerpinB9 gene expression can be transcriptionally upregulated by some interleukins and by the oestrogen activated oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) in cells which express ERα protein. The aims of my thesis were to evaluate the expression of SB9 and to examine its inhibitory activity against exogenous active GrB in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines and tissues. To analyse the expression status of GrB mRNA in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. To investigate the role of estradiol-17β (E2), selected ILs and DNA methylation in regulation of SB9 expression in NSCLC cells. The apoptosome apparatus is a cell death signalling platform activates the initiator procaspase-9. Activation of the apoptosome apparatus is often impaired in various types of cancer but the molecular basis of its suppression is still unknown. APIP and UACA/nucling belong to the endogenous regulators of apoptosome apparatus. The aim of my thesis was to investigate whether DNA methylation is involved in the transcriptional regulation of expression of APIP and UACA genes in NSCLC cell lines. Methods: Following methods were used in this thesis:...
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Šafránek, Jarmil. "Využití nádorových markerů v pooperační prognóze nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic". Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-273450.
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USE OF TUMOR MARKERS IN POSTOPERATIVE PROGNOSIS OF NON-SMALL- CELL LUNG CANCER Introduction: The most frequently used prognostic parameters in clinical practice of NSCLC are disease stadium and affection of hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes. These phactors are not sufficient and therefore new prognostic parameters - tumor markers - are being searched for. Tumor markers regarding NSCLC have mainly been used so far to monitore effects of medical treatment or detection of carcinoma recurrency. The study concentrates on assessment of tumor markers significance for NSCLC. Methods: The total group includes 125 patients operated on for NSCLC in the years 2004-2007. Single groups of patients were assessed successively. Serum markers CYFRA 21-1, CEA, TK, TPS, and NSE were assessed in an immunoanalytical way in 34 patients: Serum parameters of angiogenesis through Luminex® xMAP® technology were assessed in 27 patients. Serum values of cytokeratins were assessed in an immunoanalytical way with 125 patients. Expressions of metalloproteinases (MMP-7, MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1, TIMP-2) were assessed in NSCLC tissue with 91 patients and in lung tissue with 12 patients with benign pulmonary disease. Finally, OS and DFI were assessed in accordance with tissue expression of metalloproteinases and their...
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Mukenšnabl, Petr. "Diferenciální diagnostika vybraných vzácnějších benigních nádorů plic a pleury". Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278231.
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Selected rare benign tumors of the lung and pleura were studied with special reference to immunohistochemical findings and their differential diagnosis. The major objective is to better characterize unusual rare pulmonary tumors, which are unknown to most pathologists not specialized in pulmonary pathology. Moreover the clinicians, in particular, radiologists, pneumologists, surgeons, and oncologists are not familiar with these rare tumors as well. Therefore, these rare entities may cause a considerable problems in differential diagnostics and therapeutic management of the patients. The study of rare benign pulmonary and pleural tumors includes the following entities: papillary adenoma, alveolar adenoma, mucous gland adenoma of the bronchus, granular cell tumor, lymphangioleiomyomatosis of the lungs, desmoid fibromatosis of the pleura, sclerosing hemangioma associated with carcinoid tumorlet tumor, sclerosing hemangioma with with regional lymph node metastases. A special emphasis is given to previously unrecognized rare entities we have characterized in the world literature, such as multiple recurrent glomangioma of the lung, epithelial plasma cell granuloma-like tumor of the lungs, glandular papilloma of bronchus arising in sclerosing hemangioma and chondroid hamartoma of the lung associated with...
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Myšíková, Dagmar. "Studium protinádorové imunitní reakce u pacientů s karcinomem plic". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389838.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Understanding biological processes of specific antitumor immune response remains of an eminent interest and represents necessity for designing successful antitumor immunotherapeutic strategies. The theoretical part of the thesis describes components of the immune system that are involved in antitumor response and discusses their role in the hitherto known and used lung cancer immunotherapy. In the practical part of the thesis, two studies studying different aspects of anticancer immune response are described. Both studies were conducted in cooperation with 3rd Surgical Department 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol and with the biotechnology company Sotio a.s. The first study is focused on the humoral component of the specific antitumor response and prospectively analyses serum frequency of antitumor antibodies against NY-ESO-1, Her2/neu and MAGE-A4 antigens in 121 patients with NSCLC. Here it was shown for the first time that tobacco smoking significantly increases the frequency of NY- ESO-1 antibodies in sera of smokers in comparison to ex-smokers and non-smokers. The second study is focused on the cellular component of the specific antitumor response investigating the activity of the dendritic...
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Kynčl, Martin. "Management a zobrazení vrozených vývojových vad plic u dětí". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353436.
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Background Bronchopulmonary malformations (BPMs) consists of a broad spectrum of developmental abnormalities, ranging from abnormal lung with normal vasculature to abnormal vasculature with normal lungs and lesions with both parenchymal and vascular abnormalities. Terminology remains a problem, the use of descriptive approach is strongly supported in practice. The aim of our study was to assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in classifying the different types of BPMs and to correlate this imaging with pathologic finding. Materials and methods We identified 24 patients reffered to our institution between years 2010 and 2015 with prenatal ultrasound (US) diagnosis of BPM, who had undergone surgical resection. Postnatal chest CT scans and fetal MRI of these patients formed the basis of our retrospective study. Two radiologists blinded to the histopathological results rewieved all CT and fetal MRI scans. Detected lesions were classified by predetermined criteria. These data were correlated with histopathological results. Results The significant diagnosis overlap of 71% (17 cases out of 24) between the CT and histology was observed. The significant diagnosis overlap between MRI and histology was observed of 80 % (8 cases out of 10). The diagnosis overlap of...
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Kobosilová, Linda. "Exprese markerů imunogenní buněčné smrti na buňkách karcinomu plic". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332417.
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Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is characterized by presence of specific molecules including surface exposed calreticulin (CRT) and the heat shock proteins HSP70 and HSP90. Release of ATP and high- mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) belongs to other typical characteristics. For induction of ICD in lung cancer cells high-hydrostatic pressure (HHP) was used. Treatment by HHP induces expression of immunogenic markers CRT, HSP70 and HSP90 on the cell surface. HHP also induces secretion of ATP to the extracellular milieu. Dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with HHP-treated tumor cells showed fenotypic maturation characterized by upregulation of maturation molecule CD83, costimulation molecules CD80 and CD86, chemokine receptor CCR7 and MHC class II molecule HLA-DR. Pulsed DCs have also higher rate of phagocytosis of HHP-treated tumor cells and they induce lower numbers of regulatory T cells compared to immature DCs. Moreover, activation of caspases (-8, -9, -3) and other proteins (phosphorylation of eIF2α) which are crucial in ER-stress mediated apoptotic pathway, was observed after HHP treatment. Using wide range of methods it was confirmed that HHP treatment is able to induce ICD in lung cancer cell lines, fenotypic and functional characteristics were described and the decreased induction of regulatory T-lymphocytes...
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Chiu, Yi-Ling, i 邱伊伶. "Numerical Study of Wave Breaking Using PLIC-VOF Method". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43135180905259776729.
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碩士國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系碩博士班
95
The purpose of the present study is to develop a two-dimensional numerical model based on RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) equations combined with a second-order k − ε turbulence closure model. The wave breaking process such as water waves travel over a sloping bottom is investigated. To track free surface movements, the VOF (Volume of Fluid) coupled with PLIC (Piecewise Linear Interface Construction) method is employed. To ensure the accuracy of the numerical model, numerical results were compared with Ting and Kirby’s (1994) experiment data for the case of spilling breaker. Good agreement between numerical results and experimental data has been observed for shoaling and breaking cnoidal waves on a sloping bottom in terms of free surface profiles and mean velocities.
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Douděrová, Aneta. "Radiosensibilizace linie buněk nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic pomocí inhibitoru autofagie Lys05". Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380477.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Aneta Douděrová Supervisor: RNDr. Miloslav Macháček, PhD. Consultants: pplk. doc. PharmDr. Aleš Tichý, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Radiosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer cell line using autophagy inhibitor Lys05 Nowadays, tumor diseases belong to the world's main causes of death. Research in the area of tumor treatment deals with the development of new methods that improve the health of patients. The aim of my diploma thesis was to find out if the usage of autophagy inhibitors in combination with ionizing radiation (IR) contributed to radiosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer cells H1299. It was based on an assumption that autophagy was a cytoprotective mechanism leading to a cell survival during stress conditions such as IR. In order to examine qualitative changes of H1299 cells pre-treated by the new autophagy inhibitor Lys05 or well known autophagy inhibitor Bafilomycin A1 we used fluorescence microscopy in combination with green staining by LysoSensor green DND-189. The intensity of fluorescence was quantified by flow cytometry. The results have shown that pre-treatment by autophagy inhibitors in combination with IR led to morphological changes of cells and to...
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Lischke, Robert. "Imunosupresivní terapie u pacientů po transplantaci plic a její komplikace". Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-268844.
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Induction therapy in lung transplantation: initial single-center experience comparing daclizumab and anti-thymocyte globulin BACKGROUND: Acute and chronic rejection remain unresolved problems after lung transplantation, despite heavy multidrug immunosuppression. In turn, the strong immunosuppression has been responsible for mortality and pervasive morbidity. Because acute rejection is associated with inferior outcomes in lung transplantation, we have routinely employed anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), or daclizumab as adjuncts to reduce rejection. Daclizumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the interleukin-2 receptor. METHOD: We performed a controlled clinical trial of these 2 therapies to determine differences in post-operative rejection, infection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and survival. 25 consecutive lung transplant patients received ATG (n = 12)(Group 1) and daclizumab (n = 13)(Group2) as induction agents. The groups had similar demographics and immunosuppression protocols differing only in induction agents used. RESULTS: No differences were observed in immediate post-operative outcomes such as length of hospitalization, ICU stay, or time on ventilators. No patient receiving daclizumab developed drug specific side-effects. There were no significant differences in the...
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PLECEROVÁ, Jana. "Role sester v pooperační péči u pacientů s karcinomem plic". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398937.
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The objectives of the work The objective of this work has been set as the mapping of degree of patient's contentment/ rate of patient's satisfaction in view of the nurse's approach within the scope of the post-thoracic operation care and the evaluation/ assessment whether the needs of the aforementioned patients have been satisfied. Another objective of the research enquiry has been set as finding out the level of the nurse's awareness regarding the ways and possibilities of the subsequent care. Methodology For the purpose of the research enquiry the form of qualitative research has been chosen and adopted, which has been applied and performed by means of using a method of interviewing i.e. putting questions which have been prepared beforehand, well in advance. Research array of patients consisted of 10 patients from one hospital (which is not going to be specified in this work) as well as 8 nurses whose job was to take care of the post-operative patients/ the post-thoracic operation patients. The results of the research have been processed by applying the method of open coding, pencil-paper method. Assets and Benefits of this Work The research enquiry has showed certain level of absence of desirable knowledge as well as ignorance of the staff taking care of the patients regarding the ways of subsequent care. Nurses should be educated about the possibilities of home care, hospice care as an integral part of their profession. The results gained by research enquiry process could be presented at seminars, conferences aimed at the subsequent care.
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Benediktová, Květa. "Fyzioterapie jako součást multidisciplinární péče u pacientů po transplantaci plic". Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330278.
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Title: Physiotherapy as part of multidisciplinary care for patients following a lung transplant operation Objective: To evaluate the mobility of patients in the first days after lung transplantation. To compare the quality of life according to Karnofsky index and Jones dyspnea index. To relate spirometric values FVC and FEV1 of patients in the period prior to lung transplantation with the values in the first year after lung transplantation. Check the link between the development of quality of life and development of spirometric values. Methods: It is a pilot study, which was attended by 18 probands (13 men and 5 women), aged between 14 and 68 years. The data were collected on regular intervals using questionnaires on quality of life (Karnofsky index and Jones dyspnea index) and spirometric examinations taking place at the Motol University Hospital. The data were statistically analyzed using MS EXCEL, mostly using correlations and pair T - test. Results: Results showed substantial changes in the level of significance of p <0,01 both in the development of the quality of life, and in the development of spirometric values compared during the first year after lung transplantation with values before the transpantion. Another important result was the negative effect of a prolonged stay at intensive care...
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Saláková, Kamila. "Vliv kondice pacientů před transplantací plic na délku hospitalizace po transplantaci". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435686.
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This thesis aims to assess whether the level of the physical condition of patients before lung transplantation affects the length of hospitalization after transplantation. The study includes patients over 18 years of age with both unilateral and bilateral lung transplantation who underwent hospitalization between 2016 and 2018 and underwent a six-minute walk test in the preoperative examination. Data were collected at the 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital and at the Department of Pneumology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital. The results partially confirmed the correlation between hospitalization and physical condition in some patient groups. Thus, the higher the level of fitness in patients before lung transplantation, the shorter the hospitalization period. The length of hospitalization is influenced not only by the condition of the patient before surgery but also by other significant preoperative, perioperative and postoperative factors that are not related to the condition. For this reason, there is generally no clear correlation between the length of hospitalization and physical condition. Preoperative condition improvement is desirable in lung transplant candidates...
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Pražáková, Markéta. "Klinický význam biomarkerů pro posouzení agresivity a prognozu nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic". Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358410.
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Aim: The aim of this thesis was to measure a large spectrum of biomarkers in serum or plasma of patients with operable stage of NSCLC and to evaluate and compare the clinical utility of these biomarkers in the three most important clinical applications for NSCLC: diagnosis, prognosis and postsurgery follow up care. Patients and methods: Total of 22 biomarkers with the most promising profiles were monitored: 8 standard tumor markers (cytokeratines Cyfra 21-1, TPA, TPS, and MonoTotal, CEA, SCC, TK, Chromogranin A) and 14 potential useful biomarkers including pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, pro-angiogenic cytokine VEGF, matrix metaloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and their inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, growth factor IGF-1, and PAI-1 stimulating tumor growth and angiogenesis. With a view of evaluating the clinical relevance of these markers for NSCLC we measured serum or plasma levels of these 22 markers in group of 93 patients with NSCLC undergoing radical surgery and in group of 20 patients with benign lung disease. For biomarker measurement were used conventional immunoanalytic routine methods (IRMA, REA, CLIA, MEIA, TRACE, ELISA) and multiplex immunoanalytic method. Results: Cyfra 21-1, MonoTotal, TPA, TPS, CEA, SCC, Chromogranin A, TIMP-1, MMP-1,...
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Novák, Ondřej. "Vztah usilovné vitální kapacity plic a síly stisku ruky u dětí". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367830.
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Title: Relationship between forced vital capacity and hand grip strength in children Objectives: One of goals of this thesis is to find out how strong is the connection between the strength of a children's handgrip and the FVC. Another aim is to ascertain what is the age limit to use a handgrip examination to estimate the children's FVC. The last goal is to determine whether a body height, weight and age of a child are crucial to evaluate the handgrip and the FVC. Methods: First part of this thesis is a research and tries to summarize basic information about an issue of dynamometry, spirometry and to characterize each of age brackets which are the main aim of this thesis. Second part of this work is a survey for which data from sport festivals for children and youth were assembled. This data were statistically processed to calculate correlation and to make graphs showing linear regression between observed variables (handgrip and FVC), finally the results were interpreted. Results: Between the handgrip and the FVC was proven a strong correlation (girls , boys ). It is possible to evaluate FVC with younger school age children from the value of handgrip's strenght. Values of strenght of a handgrip are strongly influenced by body length, weight and age of a child. Keywords: strenght of a handgrip, FVC,...
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Ivánková, Vendula. "Komplexní ošetřovatelská péče u pacienta po transplantaci plic na anesteziologicko resuscitačním oddělení". Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386899.
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Lungs transplantation is a solution for the end stage of pulmonary disease after other therapeutic possibilities that the modern medicine has to offer have been exhausted. The main objective of this thesis is to show postoperative patient care after lung transplantation in the department anesthesiology and resuscitation. A highly specialized complex care and cooperation of various fields is needed. Nurses who take care of these patients must be experienced and skillful. They also need to manage well the nursing care for patients in sedation as well as fully conscious patents. It is also needed that the nurses are acquainted with specialized methods of hemodynamics measurements, administration of nitrous oxide and operation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation machine. They need to know well the drugs that are being administered. The thesis summarizes anatomy and physiology of respiratory system, it deals with lung disease and their symptoms which most often lead to lung transplantation. Finally, the thesis describes the development of lung transplantation from its beginning to the present including the number of cases of lung transplantation per year. The last chapter of the theoretical part also shows indication, contraindication and the main principles of patient care that is given prior to and...
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Moravčíková, Erika. "Exprese regulátorů apoptosomové dráhy a aktivace apoptosomového aparátu u nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-322604.
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Background: The apoptosome pathway is interesting as potential therapeutic target because it plays an important role in the cancer chemotherapy- and biological therapy-induced apoptosis as well as in amplifying the death receptor and cytotoxic-granule-induced pathways. The functionality of apoptosome apparatus in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells and tissues is often impaired due to defects in apoptosome pathway by changes in expression and/or acquired mutations and/or modifications of apoptosome components or its regulators that play a significant role in cancer cell proliferation and treatment unresponsiveness. Therefore, this thesis is aimed at the investigation of the expression status of apoptosome pathway regulators (survivin, HBXIP, XIAP, APIP, and UACA) and of the readiness of apoptosome apparatus activation in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells and tissues. Methods: Following methods were used in this thesis: isolation and quantification of total RNA, real-time RT-PCR analysis, preparation of cell-free cytosol samples and extracts from cells and tissues, gel-filtration chromatography, Western blot analysis, enzyme analyses and cell culture techniques. Results and conclusion: Non-small cell lung carcinoma has a higher predisposition to apoptosome-mediated apoptosis than normal...
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CHVOJKOVÁ, Lenka. "Vitální kapacita plic po operaci srdce v Institutu klinické a experimentální medicíny Praha". Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54120.
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Cardiovascular diseases in the Czech Republic represent the main cause of death and significantly contribute to the sickness rate and premature disability. Possibilities of treatment of cardiovascular diseases keep developing increasingly these days. An important part is the follow up spa treatment as well as sufficiently performed effective cardio rehabilitation. The theoretical part characterizes functional examination of the lungs and stress tests in cardiology. Simultaneously it describes early spa treatment and defines quality of life. The aim of the diploma thesis, which deals with the vital capacity of the lungs, was to prove positive effect of early spa treatment on the vital capacity of the lungs and on improvement of quality of life, specifically with respect to positive perception of one´s overall physical health. Hypotheses - H1: An early spa therapy positively affects spirometry values. H2: Patients with an early spa therapy better perceive their overall physical health. A form of quantitative research was chosen, in order to verify the determined aims and hypotheses of the diploma thesis. A standardized international Short Form SF - 36 questionnaires on quality of life was used for the data collection. Spirometry was utilized for ascertaining objective functional parameters. Values of spirometry examination were used for comparison. 32 patients after cardiovascular surgery were included in the research, who were transferred to Lázně Poděbrady on the 6th - 8th day after the surgery, 22 of them being men (69%) and 10 women (31 %). The average age of patients under research was 66,06 + 11,48 years. The check group consisted of 10 healthy volunteers. 8 women (80 %) and 2 men (20 %) at the average age of 37,1 + 13,3 years were included in the research. It follows from the spirometry results measured before the heart surgery at IKEM cardio center that a difference in results between the second and third spirometry occurred. The second and third spirometrical examination is the period of time, when the respondent undergoes the early spa treatment. After the heart surgery spirometry values worsen and improve in the course of the spa therapy. The research showed that the perception of overall physical health after the heart surgery is subject to perception of pain, which negatively affected sense of overall perception of physical health. H1 was confirmed and H2 was not confirmed. In order to improve current situation, it would be suitable to devote not only to cardio rehabilitation but also to improvement of perception of pain, e.g. by means of psychotherapy (art therapy, music therapy?). It is also important to widen a possibility of outpatient cardio rehabilitation in each cardio center for patients after heart surgery.
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Vošahlíková, Šárka. "Molekulární epidemiologie a vlastnosti bakteriálních původců infekcí plic u pacientů s cystickou fibrózou". Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336168.
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Cystic fibrosis is the most abundant inherited autosomal recessive disease in Caucasian population. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a dysfunction of a transport channel which is responsible for the transport of chloride ions on the apical side of the plasma membrane. Despite the fact that the dysfunction of the transport channel is present in several organs, the most severely affected one is the respiratory system. Because of the ion imbalance, thick sticky mucus is produced on the surface of the airways which then prevents the removal of dust particles and bacteria. The main complications of cystic fibrosis are the bacterial infections of the respiratory system which become chronic during the patient's life and thus are the most common causes of the respiratory failure and premature death. The most important agents causing these infections are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia (Bcc). Infections caused by those bacteria are practically untreatable and serious complications arise from the existence of epidemic strains which can be transfered from patient to patient. Precise and fast diagnostics of pathogenic strains is a critical step to avoid spreading bacterial infections as well as strictly followed anti- epidemic strategies mainly based on isolation of cystic fibrosis patients according to...
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Majerová, Barbora. "Studium vlivu inhalačního podání IgY a Fab fragmentů z pohledu iniciace zánětu plic". Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-324167.
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Human respiratory system is in constant contact with heterogeneous environmental agents, which can possibly become initiators of inflammatory responses. Mechanical barriers and balance between the innate and adaptive immunity provide protection from external agents without initiation of any inflammatory response. Under certain circumstances, overreaction of the immune system might occur and leads to the production of various inflammatory cytokines and mediators such as TNF-α and GM-CSF factors or interleukins IL-1ß and IL-6. Respiratory system of the human suffering from cystic fibrosis is unable to defend against bacterial infections effectively. Chicken egg immunoglobulins (IgY) could eventually become a suitable tool for the protection from opportunistic pathogens, because they, when bound to antigen, don't activate the complement cascade. One method of determining the immunogenicity of the studied agent is the exposure of experimental animal and further measurement of inflammatory cytokine concentration. In this thesis, the potential inflammatory effect of IgY, IgY-derived Fab fragments and ovalbumin was determined after an exposure of Wistar rats by long-term inhalation. Correct implementation of inhalation experiment was confirmed via production of specific antibodies against the inhaled...
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Rozkoš, Tomáš. "Stanovení optimálního vyšetřovacího algoritmu pro efektivní vyhledávání nemalobuněčných karcinomů plic s přestavbou genu ALK". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-308952.
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(Identification of optimal algorithm for effective diagnostics of non-small cell lung carcinoma with ALK gene rearrangement - implementation of the method and practical experience with routine diagnostics) INTRODUCTION: Smaller subgroup of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is represented by tumours with carcinogenesis iniciated by fusion of ALK gene with another partner (usually EML4). Patients with ALK gene rearrangement treated with ALK inhibitors have significantly prolonged survival. Since ALK gene rearrangement is described according to the current WHO classification in 4-5% of NSCLC, it is necessary to find the optimal way of identifying patients eligible for this targeted therapy in routine diagnostic practice. AIM: In the retrospective part of the study a) to find an immunohistochemical (IHC) detection procedure of ALK protein with specificity and sensitivity high enough to use this antibody as screening method for selecting NSCLC cases for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing of ALK gene rearrangement and b) to determine diagnostic yield of "small" biopsies, i.e. endobronchial, transbronchial and transthoracic biopsies and cytoblocks, for ALK gene rearrangement testing. In the prospective part of the study a) verification of the selected IHC method of ALK protein detection...
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Fiala, Ondřej. "Možnosti predikce efektu léčby EGFR tyrozinkinázovými inhibitory u pacientů s pokročilým nemalobuněčným karcinomem plic". Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342344.
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Introduction: Targeted therapy with low molecular-weight tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) directed at inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a novel effective option for systemic treatment of locally-advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Finding biomarkers that predict the efficacy of targeted treatment may increase the treatment efficacy and also prolong survival of patients. Aims: To assess the frequency of activating EGFR mutations and KRAS mutations in our patients and their role for prediction of EGFR-TKI treatment efficacy. To compare the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKI and chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of patients harboring activating EGFR mutations. Methods: 613 patients with cytologically or histologically confirmed NSCLC were tested for activating EGFR mutation, of which 448 patients were also tested for KRAS mutation. First-line therapy was evaluated in 54 patients harboring activating EGFR mutations. Mutations were detected using denaturing capillary electrophoresis, and verified by direct DNA sequencing. Survival of patients was assessed using the methodology of Kaplan-Meier, the comparison was calculated using log-rank test. Results: Activating EGFR mutations were detected in 73 (11.9%) patients, more frequently in patients with...
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Chrz, Josef. "Porovnání výkonnosti před a po transplantaci plic u dětských pacientů s diagnózou cystická fibróza". Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414861.
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Title: Comparison of performance of pediatric patients with diagnosis of cystic fibrosis before and after a lung transplantation. Objectives: To compare selected parameters of pediatric patients as an index of physical condition in time before and 1 year after transplantation. To compare a group of patients that undergone longtherm intensive physiotherapeutic treatment before transplantation with group of patients that did not using spirometric parameters FVC, FEV1 and BMI. To compare subjective signs of dyspnea between these groups using selected questionnaires. Methods: This theses was attended by 15 probands (7 boys and 8 girls) in age between 12 and 18 years. The data were collected by using selected dyspnea questionares and by using hospital documentation files taking place at the Motol University Hospital. The data were statistically analysed using Jamovi programme, mostly using correlations and paired T- test, and graphically analysed by using MS Excel programme. Results: We found changes of spirometric parameters in the level of significance of p < 0,001 (FEV1) and p = 0,003 (FVC) after transplantation in comparison with time before transplantation. Group that undergone longtherm intensive physiotherapeutic treatment before lung transplantation showed more physiological spirometric values...
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Hodyc, Daniel. "Význam volných kyslíkových radikálů při ischémicko-reperfůzním poškození plic získaných od dárců po srdeční zástavě". Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-274145.
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Nagy, Andrea. "Bioindikátory zánětu, oxidačního a nitračního stresu u potkana kmene Wistar po celotělovém a lokálním ozáření plic". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329250.
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6 3 SUMMARY Bioindicators of inflammation, oxidative and nitrossative stress in Wistar rats after whole-body and lung irradiation Introduction Radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis limitthe intensity of radiotherapy,increase morbidity and worsen quality of life of patients with lung and breast cancer or Hodgkin's disease. Radiation pneumonitis is an acute inflammatory reaction that resolves either spontaneously or after treatment with corticosteroids. Free radicals play an important role in its etiology. They cause dose-dependent induction of lipoperoxidation, DNA damage, activation of proapoptotic events and changes in activity of enzymes. The inflammatory reaction initiated by free radicals affects primarily epithelial and inflammatory cells, which release a number of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, TGF-β, etc.). Radiation fibrosis of lungdevelops as a late consequence of radiotherapy (> 3 months). It can lead to chronic respiratory failureand death. Macroscopic findingsincludefibroblastproliferation,collagen deposition and destruction of lung parenchyma. Aims and methodology This work was focused on the changes in the arginine-nitric oxide metabolic pathway induced in the airways, lung and other parts of the body by ionizing gamma radiation in the early phase (within 72 h) as well as in the phase of radiation...
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Fabšíková, Katarína. "Efekt vitamínu E na oxidační stres a na bazální membránu plic potkanů s nedostatkem vitamínu A". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-309363.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Katarína Fabšíková Supervisor: Prof. Ing. Vladimír Wsól, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress and the basement membrane in lungs in vitamin A-deficient rats In the experiment described in this thesis there was being observed the effect of long-term deficiency of vitamin A on the basement membrane in rat lungs. Rats were divided during the experiment into several groups differing in composition of feed and the changes of pulmonary basement membrane were being observed. Consequently, the effect of vitamin E and retinoic acid on membrane modifications was watched, too. During the experiment there was evaluated the rate of oxidative stress by the medium of glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, which act as its markers. These levels in all experimental animals were specified by HPLC chromatography. Also, the oxidative stress was assessed using other markers such as thickness of the basement membrane, deposits of collagen fibers and levels of retinol and α-tocopherol in plasma and tissues. This experiment should confirm the important role of vitamins acting as antioxidants in prevention and treatment of pathological changes caused by increased oxidative...
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Mrázková, Hana. "Role volných kyslíkových radikálů v ischemicko-reperfuzním poškození plic při plicní transplantaci a možnosti prevence radikálového poškození". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267917.
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Keywords: Lung Tx, EVLP, NHBD, IR injury, ROS, hypercapnia, gender differences This dissertation thesis deals with a very topical issue of the lack of donor organs for lung transplants. As with other organs, the number of patients on waiting lists in terminal stages of their diseases is also constantly rising but there is not an adequate increase in donor organs. We focused our experimental work on the development of research concerning the solution which is most successful in a long-term perspective, i.e. organ transplants from non- heart-beating donors (NHBDs), in an ex vivo lung transplant protocol (EVLP) on an animal model (Wistar rats). This is a method which is clinically established worldwide (in the Czech Republic only experimentally) and is constantly subject to further research. Based on earlier studies, we focused the first experimental part of this work on the potential protective effect of hypercapnic ventilation on ischemia-reperfusion (IR) lung injury in EVLP. The study proved that the hypercapnic ventilation has a protective effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IR lung injury, but only when used in the period of reperfusion. In the second experimental study, we followed up a very topical issue of the effect of gender on IR lung injury in EVLP in...
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Šenkeřík, Marian. "Akutní a chronická onemocnění plic a dýchacích cest u dětí: nové bioindikátory a molekulární cíle pro farmakoterapii". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353498.
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The aim of this thesis was to contribute to the standardization and validation of expiratory flow parameters independent of NO testing, particularly alveolar concentration (CANO) and bronchial NO flux (JawNO) in children and adolescents with allergic respiratory diseases. The thesis was created in the time of increased interest of medicine professionals in non-invasive examination methods and targeted therapeutic influence of inflammation in small airways in asthmatics. After the standardization and validation of clinical benefits, the measurement of concentrations of nitric oxide (FENO) in the air exhaled through the mouth with the speed of 50 ml/s was validated for the evaluation of eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with asthma and started to be widely used in clinical practice. Currently, there is an ongoing research focused on a new method for FENO measurement at several flow rates, which uses physiological models of NO transfer in exhaled air, allowing to quantify the amount of NO in an indirect way and to monitor the intensity of the inflammatory processes in distal and proximal airways non- invasively. In groups of children and adolescents with allergic rhinitis and / or bronchial asthma and their healthy peers (aged 6 -19 years), the concentration of FENO was examined using online...
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Belšánová, Barbora. "Optimalizace metodiky pro stanovení volné nádorové DNA v plazmě a její klinické využití u pacientů s karcinomy kolorekta, plic a slinivky břišní". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368058.
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In current days, examination of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) finds new use across different cancers. It is directed at tumor-derived short fragments of DNA present in peripheral blood of patiens (mainly in advanced stages). Due to its minimal invasivity, almost 100 % specificity and relatively high sensitivity in stage IV patients, this approch found its main potential clinical utility especially in early detection of disease relapse or progression after tumor resection (i.e. post-operative follow-up), prediction and monitoring of therapy response and estimation of prognosis. As a result of minute levels of ctDNA on a high background of other non-tumor DNA fragments present in plasma, a suitable method exhibiting highest sensitivity is the key for proper detection of this marker. The approach is predominantly based on initial identification of a mutation in tumor tissue and its subsequent detection in plasma. The present work is aimed at optimization of ctDNA isolation and method of its detection based on PCR amplification followed by heteroduplex analysis by denaturing capillary electrophoresis (DCE) to achieve highest sensitivity for detection of mutated fraction in plasma sample. I have applied the optimized protocol to examine ctDNA in three types of cancers, namely colorectal cancer (122...
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Kirchnerová, Olga. "Imunologické markery z krve, sputa, BALTe a plicních biopsií při posuzování aktivity a cílenosti léčby chronických zánětlivých a fibrotizujících nemocích plic a průdušek". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398476.
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The role of biomarkers obtained from serum, sputum, BALF and lung tissue samples in assessing the activity and targeting therapy of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases of the lungs and bronchi Introduction Chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lung and airway diseases represent a heterogeneous group of respiratory tract diseases, both with an initial inflammatory background. Crucial differences in its etiopathogenesis and location significantly influence its clinical manifestation. Considering an extensive progression in science, it is obvious that there is certain heterogeneity among inflammatory processes as well as in etiopathogenesis within the differential diagnosis. Nowadays the aim is to choose best-targetted therapy based on specific endotypes and phenotypes. Aims The aim of this study is I) to provide a comprehensive overview of biomarkers of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lung and bronchi disorders II) to asses a diagnostic role of biomarkers in clinical practice as well as the role of biomarkers when deciding a type of phenotypically targeted therapy in patients with severe refractory asthma. Methods The work (ad II) is divided into two parts. In the first part, we correlated levels of serum biomarkers, biomarkers in induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and ENT findings...