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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Playground Association of America”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 28 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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1

Gagen, Elizabeth A. "An Example to Us All: Child Development and Identity Construction in Early 20th-Century Playgrounds". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, nr 4 (kwiecień 2000): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3237.

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At the turn of the 20th century, children's play came under new and heightened scrutiny by urban reformers. As conditions in US cities threatened traditional notions of order, reformers sought new ways to direct urban-social development. In this paper I explore playground reform as an institutional response that aimed to produce and promote ideal gender identities in children. Supervised summer playgrounds were established across the United States as a means of drawing children off the street and into a corrective environment. Drawing from literature published by the Playground Association of America and a case study of playground management in Cambridge, MA, I explore playground training as a means of constructing gender identities in and through public space. Playground reformers asserted, drawing from child development theory, that the child's body was a conduit through which ‘inner’ identity surfaced. The child's body became a site through which gender identities could be both monitored and produced, compelling reformers to locate playgrounds in public, visible settings. Reformers' conviction that exposing girls to public vision threatened their development motivated a series of spatial restrictions. Whereas boys were unambiguously displayed to public audiences, girls' playgrounds were organised to accommodate this fear. Playground reformers' shrewd spatial tactics exemplify the ways in which institutional authorities conceive of and deploy space toward the construction of identity.

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Barreno, Mishell, Ivan Sisa, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Hua Shen, Mónica Villar, Irina Kovalskys, Mauro Fisberg i in. "Association between built environment and physical activity in Latin American countries: a multicentre cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 11, nr 11 (listopad 2021): e046271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046271.

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ObjectiveTo assess the association between the physical activity level and the built environment by accessibility, microinfrastructure and security in Latin America (LA).DesignWe conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study to collect physical activity and built environment data. The levels of physical activity were calculated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire survey. Using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated, characteristics of the built environment were measured through three domains: accessibility, microinfrastructure and security. To estimate the association of the built environment and physical activity, we used mixed effects logistic regression analysis. In addition, likelihood ratio test to account for clustered effect within countries and/or cities was used.SettingEight countries in LA.ParticipantsAdults aged 15–65 years (n=9218) living in urban areas and consented to participate of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health.ResultsMost of the population in LA had access to a grocery store (97.2%), public transport stop (91.5%) and children’s playground (81.6%). Metropolitan parks were more accessible in Ecuador (59.8%) and Colombia (59.2%) than in Venezuela (33.5%). Individuals located within 20 min of walking from sport facilities or children’s playground areas were more likely to perform moderate-to-high physical activity OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.36) and OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.53), respectively. Only 14.5% of the population from the region considered that their neighbourhood had an adequate design for walking or cycling. Likewise, among adults living in LA, only 39.75% had the perception of living in a safe neighbourhood.ConclusionsThis multicentre study shows that currently, LA built environment does not promote physical activity in the region. Our findings provide the rationale to push forward, at regional and national levels, policies and interventions that will help to achieve a safe, healthy and friendly built environment to encourage participation in active recreation and sports in leisure time.Trial registration numberNCT02226627.

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3

Watkinson, E. Jane, Janice Causgrove Dunn, Nancy Cavaliere, Karen Calzonetti, Larry Wilhelm i Sean Dwyer. "Engagement in Playground Activities as a Criterion for Diagnosing Developmental Coordination Disorder". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 18, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.18.1.18.

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The purpose was to develop a valid protocol for use by physical educators in assessing whether children suspected of having developmental coordination disorder (DCD) meet the American Psychiatric Association (1994) diagnostic criterion of interference in activities of daily living when interference is defined as culturally subaverage engagement in activities of daily living in physical play (ADL-PP) on the playground. Participants were 136 children (75 girls, 61 boys) from Grades 1 to 4 at three elementary schools in Canada. Data were collected two ways: (a) three administrations of an ADL-PP self-report of activities done during recess and (b) observation of children’s ADL-PP during two recess periods. Examination of reactivity, accuracy, content relevance, and content representativeness of the ADL-PP report form indicated protocol validity. An example illustrating the use of the ADL-PP self-report protocol to identify interference is described.

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Alamillo, Joséé M. "Playing Across Borders: Transnational Sports and Identities in Southern California and Mexico, 1930––1945". Pacific Historical Review 79, nr 3 (1.08.2010): 360–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.360.

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This article examines the local and transnational dimensions of sports in Southern California through the activities of the Mexican Athletic Association of Southern California (MAASC) from the Great Depression to the end of World War II. This amateur athletic organization promoted sports in the barrios and colonias throughout Southern California and forged transnational ties with the Mexican government and its sports federation. MAASC and its related activities reflected two competing historical trajectories that have been subjects of debate in Chicano historiography. MAASC sports simultaneously reinvigorated transnational ties with Mexico that emphasized a Mééxico de afuera identity and contributed to the making of a Mexican American identity that connected immigrants to Southern California and American society in general. Ultimately, both impulses helped to instill a new political confidence among MAASC members to challenge the Los Angeles Department of Playground and Recreation's paternalistic approach toward the Mexican community.

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I.A. Aghayev. "COMPETITIVE BALANCE IN THE AZERBAIJAN PREMIER LEAGUE AZERBAIJAN STATE ACADEMY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT". Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport 3, nr 3 (26.07.2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/ssj.v3i3.360.

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In terms of numbers of both spectators and players, football – or soccer as it is called mainly in North America – is probably one of the most popular sport games around the world. According to some figures of the international governing body, the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), there are nearly 250 million football players and 1,3 billion fans interested in football all around the world in the 21st century [3]. Parts of its global success might come from the fact that football can be played almost everywhere from professional football pitches to streets, schools, parks, and playgrounds. Moreover, it follows simple rules and requires only modest equipment. Likewise, many people in Azerbaijan are interested in football. The Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan (AFFA) is the governing body of football and Azerbaijan has a national football championship, called Azerbaijan Premier League. Since 2016, eight clubs are competing in the league with Qarabag FK being the dominating team of the league during the last decade [11]. In general, such dominance might be a problem for spectators and fans. At the same time, it might hinder the development of other clubs in the country. Remarkably in this regard, the performance in UEFA’s international club competitions, i.e. the UEFA Champions League and Europa League, of all clubs beyond Qarabag FK is rather poor yet. This thesis will deal with the situation of competitive balance (CB) and its development over time in the Azerbaijan Premier League. Moreover, it will explore whether and to what extent a lack of balance might (at least to some extent) be one reason for the lack of success in the international club competitions. As such, the thesis intends to answer two research questions: 1) What is the situation as well as the development of CB over time in the Azerbaijan Premier League? 2) Is dominance in the Azerbaijan Premier League (at least to some extent) a problem for clubs playing internationally?

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6

Veblen, Kari K., Nathan B. Kruse, Stephen J. Messenger i Meredith Letain. "Children’s clapping games on the virtual playground". International Journal of Music Education 36, nr 4 (14.05.2018): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761418772865.

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This study considers children’s informal musicking and online music teaching, learning, playing, and invention through an analysis of children’s clapping games on YouTube. We examined a body of 184 games from 103 separate YouTube postings drawn from North America, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Selected videos were analyzed according to video characteristics, participant attributes, purpose, and teaching and learning aspects. The results of this investigation indicated that pairs of little girls aged 3 to 12 constituted a majority of the participants in these videos, with other participant subcategories including mixed gender, teen, adult, and intergenerational examples. Seventy-one percent of the videos depicted playing episodes, and 40% were intended for pedagogical purposes; however, several categories overlapped. As of June 1, 2016, nearly 50 million individuals had viewed these YouTube postings.

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7

Santillan, Lupita, Lindsay Frederick, Sean Gilmore i Jill Locke. "Brief Report: Examining the Association Between Classroom Social Network Inclusion and Playground Peer Engagement Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders". Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 34, nr 2 (22.03.2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357619838275.

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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often face barriers when establishing peer connections at school. This aim of this study is to explore how social network inclusion in the classroom is associated with playground peer engagement. Independent observers administered friendship surveys to determine social network inclusion in the classroom and recorded the playground engagement states of 55 children with ASD from 42 general education classrooms in 16 public elementary schools in the northeastern United States. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between social network inclusion and playground engagement. Results indicated an association between social network inclusion and playground engagement. Children who were included to a greater degree in their classrooms’ social network spent more time engaged with peers on the playground. These findings highlight the importance of supporting social interactions in multiple contexts in schools.

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8

Mohd Radzi, Nurul Asyikin, Kharizam Ismail i Lilawati Ab Wahab. "Ergonomics Concept in Inclusive Public Playground Targeting on Children with Disabilities". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, nr 15 (20.12.2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2499.

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Nowadays, playgrounds are underused to improve the physical and social development of young children with special needs. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key criteria of ergonomic inclusive public children playground aim for children with disabilities (CWDs). The study explored the process of universal design and the ergonomics function of play equipment that focuses on CWDs through physical site observation and interview protocol done among caregivers, parents of children with disabilities, and all stakeholders involved in the development of the public playground in Malaysia. The result presents three major themes as a guideline to create an ergonomic inclusive playground. Keywords: Ergonomics; Universal Design; Public Playground; Children with disabilities. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: 10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2499

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Cartujano-Barrera, Francisco, Edgar Alaniz-Cantu, Maria Valeria Bautista Rojas, Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres, Scott McIntosh, Deborah J. Ossip i Ana Paula Cupertino. "Abstract 1971: Understanding the perspectives of Latino smokers on physical activity: A qualitative study". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1971.

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Abstract Introduction: Smoking and sedentarism frequently co-occur among Latinos. Evidence suggests that moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may enhance smoking cessation rates. However, this synergistic phenomenon has not been studied among Latinos, the largest minority group in the U.S. Objective: To understand the perspectives of Latino smokers on physical activity. Methods: Participants were recruited using community-based recruitment strategies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English and Spanish with Latino smokers. The Health Belief Model was used as a framework for qualitative theoretical analysis. Results: At baseline, participants’ mean age was 54.9 years old (SD 12.1), 50% of the participants were female, and 85% self-identified as heterosexual or straight. Eight participants (40%) indicated their language of preference as “Only Spanish” and 50% were born in Cuba and the Dominican Republic (25% for each country). Most participants (70%) were light smokers (1-10 cigarettes per day), 35% smoked their first cigarettes within five minutes after waking up, and 50% used menthol cigarettes. We identified perceived benefits (e.g., mood management, weight loss, strategy to quit smoking), susceptibility (e.g., risk of cardiovascular diseases and physical impairment, susceptibility to weight gain), and barriers (e.g., lack of social support, health constraints, and low financial resources) of being physically active. Moreover, we identified cues to action to do physical activity (e.g., being a role model: “⋯I’m going to do it [physical activity] so she [the daughter] can do it too⋯”; spending time with family and friends: “Well, since I have some little nephews and some little nieces... I go with them to the playground⋯”; being outdoors: “⋯go to the parks a lot or go nature walking⋯ being out in the woods⋯ taking all of nature⋯ I would go down to [local towns in New York] on my bicycle⋯”). Conclusion: Multiple perceived factors of being physically active were identified among Latino smokers. These factors provide concrete operational strategies to address smoking cessation and physical activity among Latinos. Further research is needed on how best to integrate these perspectives into smoking cessation interventions. Citation Format: Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Edgar Alaniz-Cantu, Maria Valeria Bautista Rojas, Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres, Scott McIntosh, Deborah J. Ossip, Ana Paula Cupertino. Understanding the perspectives of Latino smokers on physical activity: A qualitative study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1971.

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10

Nebelong, Helle. "When There's Nothing but Nature: The Danish Experience with Natural Playscapes". Built Environment 47, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.2.155.

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In this article I provide an overview of my natural playground and sensory garden design practices and theories. I discuss how I was inspired by the landscape architect, Carl Theodor Sørensen, and the key role his work and writings played in Denmark and beyond in the development of natural playscapes and in the setting up in 1961 of the International Play Association. I reveal how my first project, while still a student, to design a sensory garden for a special school was to influence my future career and thinking. My time working for the City of Copenhagen began with the design of the first public sensory garden in Denmark, which I describe here. I then highlight another Danish concept: the manned playground and its manifestation in the Nature Playground in Valbyparken for whose design I was responsible, and which I present here. I go on to discuss the dangers of standardized playground equipment designed by adults with no input from children, who prefer to make their own play and benefit from so doing. I describe my design for Murergaarden Daycare Centre and Afterschool Club playground which has no fixed play equipment. I then emphasize further the benefits of 'green' playground design and present the example of the Skovstjernen Daycare Centre, where 'there's nothing but nature and loose parts'. In short, my message is that Nature is the best place for children to play and develop their creativity.

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Mohd Radzi, Nurul Asyikin, Kharizam Ismail i Lilawati Ab Wahab. "Assessing Play Equality in Malaysian Public Playground through Universal Design Principle". Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 5, nr 17 (24.04.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajebs.v5i17.372.

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The outdoor play setting is often ignored as a viable place to accommodate children with disabilities, limiting or completely excluding them from playing like other ordinary children. Thus, this study aims to determine the integration of Universal Design (UD) qualities and the applicability of Malaysian Standard (MS 966; 2017) in Malaysia's public playground. The physical site observation process has been conducted at three (3) public playgrounds for children with disabilities in Malaysia. The findings showed that there are 8 components of the UD principle, and MS966:2017 has been violated in the playground design. Keywords: Universal Design, Public Playground, Children with disabilities. eISSN 2514-751X © 2020 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajebs.v5i17.372

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McCabe, Ellen M., i Shiela M. Strauss. "The Association between Neighborhood Factors and Bullying among Adolescents with Asthma". Journal of the American Nurses Association - New York 2, nr 2 (23.08.2022): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47988/janany.6410282831.2.2.

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Introduction: Neighborhood factors may be associated with bully victimization, a serious health concern for adolescents with asthma. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between neighborhood factors and past year bullying in adolescents with asthma as reported by adult household respondents. Methods: Using data from the adolescent 2019 National Survey of Children’s Health, we included in our analyses responses from adults of adolescents with asthma who replied to whether or not the adolescent was bullied over the past year and to the neighborhood factors of interest. These adults included 473 adult respondents of adolescent females with asthma and 551 adult respondents of adolescent males with asthma. Neighborhood variables included whether the adolescent’s neighborhood had sidewalks or walking paths, a park or playground, a recreation center or a boys’ or girls’ club, and vandalism exposure. The complex samples module in IBM SPSS 27 with equal probability sampling without replacement was used to conduct the analyses. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were also used. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of adolescent females with asthma ever bullied compared to the proportion never bullied who had access to a park or playground (70.0% vs. 83.7%, respectively; p=.038) and were exposed to neighborhood vandalism (2.8% vs. 10.8%, respectively; p=.028). A significantly smaller proportion of adolescent males with asthma ever bullied than the proportion never bullied were exposed to neighborhood vandalism (4.9% vs. 14%, respectively; p=.032). Conclusion: It is important to examine the influence of neighborhood factors further to better understand their association with bully victimization in adolescents with asthma.

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Ryan, K., C. J. Woytovech, L. Bruya, A. Woytovech, B. Shumate, A. Malkusak i J. A. Sievers. "Loose parts: The collaboration process for a school playground". Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness 1, nr 1 (1.11.2012): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56980/jkw.v1i1.36.

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A qualitative study of loose parts inclusion and the collaboration process was used as a basis for establishing a grounded theory of collaboration during play. The purpose was to determine common themes. Did data sets define themes between populations and across recording techniques? Three data sets included 1) children’s drawings, 2) teacher comments, and 3) photographs taken on the school playground. Information derived from the data was recorded in drawing aspect, activity identified, and word association. Reliability between data coders required resolution of discrepancies until 100% agreement was reached. An ‘Emergent Theme’ rule set was used. Rule 1 required the idea occurred across at least two sets data to qualify as a theme. Rule 2 required commonality between words or in concept. Emergent themes included pretend play, gross motor, construction, and enclosed spaces. Collaboration and cooperation required from children during arrangement of loose part indicated sophisticated play behavior.

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Anonymous. "HOSPICE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA FORMED". Journal of Gerontological Nursing 11, nr 11 (listopad 1985): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-19851101-15.

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Suppen, Nydia. "LCA Association in Latin America". International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 10, nr 5 (30.08.2005): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1065/lca2005.09.006.

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James, Steven R., Lori Wing, Ronald Knight, Barbara Harrity, Devid H. Lambert, Bud Platt, Al Reeves i in. "The Potato Association of America". American Journal of Potato Research 77, nr 6 (listopad 2000): 369–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02882291.

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Weiler, Dale. "National Soccer Coaches Association of America". International Sport Coaching Journal 3, nr 2 (maj 2016): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2016-0027.

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Ponomarenko, Vadim. "The Mathematical Association of America Prime". American Mathematical Monthly 127, nr 7 (28.07.2020): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00029890.2020.1755585.

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Hickman, H. Lanier. "Solid Waste Association of North America". Environmental Conservation 19, nr 3 (1992): 270–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003112x.

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Skarl, Susie. "Anxiety and Depression Association of America". Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet 19, nr 2 (3.04.2015): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15398285.2015.1035595.

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&NA;. "Spina Bifida Association of America http". Pediatric Physical Therapy 10, nr 1 (1998): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199801010-00022.

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Muggia, Lucia, Lucie Vancurova, Pavel Škaloud, Ondrej Peksa, Mats Wedin i Martin Grube. "The symbiotic playground of lichen thalli - a highly flexible photobiont association in rock-inhabiting lichens". FEMS Microbiology Ecology 85, nr 2 (18.04.2013): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12120.

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Smirnova, E. O., i M. V. Sokolova. "Game support in modern Western culture (through the example of activities of the International Play Association, IPA)". Современная зарубежная психология 5, nr 1 (2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2016050103.

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This article discusses the support of children's games, initiated by the International Play Association (IPA). The most prominent political and legislative initiatives of UN Organization is the adoption of general comments and amendments to article 31 of the Convention on the rights of the child, proclaiming the right to play, as well as a list of measures to support the games for educational organizations both in the family and in the city. It describes the spatial projects and object-related conditions for the games brought into practice in Western countries: Adventure playground (APG-), play streets, Scarpstore PlayPod. The article specifies the functions of playwokers called up for supporting the game and also their training.

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Ostrowska, Dorota. "Producers’ playground: the British Film Producers Association and international film festivals in the post-war period". Studies in European Cinema 17, nr 2 (5.03.2020): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17411548.2020.1731179.

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&NA;, &NA;. "Eye Bank Association of America: Research Awards". Cornea 13, nr 2 (marzec 1994): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003226-199403000-00015.

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Kushner, Eva. "The Modern Language Association of America (MLA)". Diogenes 50, nr 2 (maj 2003): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039219210305000217.

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&NA;. "Human Milk Banking Association of North America". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 8, nr 2 (luty 1989): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-198902000-00031.

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Johnston, Edward F. "History of The Potato Association of America". American Potato Journal 68, nr 4 (kwiecień 1991): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02853633.

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Schuyler, David, i Edward K. Spann. "Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members". American Historical Review 104, nr 3 (czerwiec 1999): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651075.

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Fairfield, John D., i Edward K. Spann. "Designing Modern America: The Regional Planning Association of America and Its Members." Journal of American History 84, nr 4 (marzec 1998): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568177.

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Chalfen, Richard. "On Another Playground: Japanese Popular Culture in America Produced by Keiko Ikeda; DVD designed and edited by David Plath". Visual Anthropology Review 25, nr 1 (maj 2009): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-7458.2009.01027.x.

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Grunseit, Anne C., Blythe Jane O'Hara, Bradley Drayton, Vincent Learnihan, Louise L. Hardy, Eve Clark, Paul Klarenaar i Lina Engelen. "Ecological study of playground space and physical activity among primary school children". BMJ Open 10, nr 6 (czerwiec 2020): e034586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034586.

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ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between school playground size and total physical activity (PA), fitness and fundamental movement skills (FMS) of primary school students.DesignCross-sectional ecological analysis.Setting43 primary schools in New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsData were from 5238 students, aged 5 to 12 years, participating in the Schools Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey.Outcome measuresSelf (for age ≥11 years) and parent (for age <11 years) report of PA (meeting PA recommendations and number of days meeting recommendations), objectively measured FMS and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness.ResultsAssociations between playground space and measures of PA and fitness were mostly non-linear and moderated by loose equipment. Students in schools with no loose equipment showed a weak association between space and meeting PA recommendations (self-report). In schools with equipment, students’ predicted probability of meeting PA recommendations increased sharply between 15 m2 and 25 m2 per student from 0.04 (95% CI: 0.01 to 0.08) to 0.30 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.46), but at 30 m2 returned to levels comparable to students in schools with no equipment (0.18, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.28). For cardiorespiratory fitness, in schools with no loose equipment, probabilities for being in the healthy cardiovascular fitness zone varied between 0.66 and 0.77, showing no consistent trend. Students in schools with loose equipment had a predicted probability of being in the healthy fitness zone of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.41 to 0.71) at 15 m2 per student, which rose to 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.86) at 20 m2 per student. There was no relationship between space and FMS.ConclusionsSchool space guidelines need to incorporate sufficient playground space for students. Our study provides evidence supporting better PA outcomes with increasing space up to 25 m2 per student, and access to loose equipment, however further research is required to determine precise thresholds for minimum space. Intersectoral planning and cooperation is required to meet the needs of growing school populations.

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CREIGHTON PEDEN, W. "The Free Religious Association of America, 1867-1920". Studies in Interreligious Dialogue 4, nr 1 (1.01.1994): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/sid.4.1.2014086.

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Abu-Rabi‘, Ibrahim M. "The Middle East Studies Association of North America". American Journal of Islam and Society 8, nr 1 (1.03.1991): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v8i1.2658.

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The twenty-fourth annual meeting of the Middle East Studies Associationof North America (MESA) was held between November 10-13, 1990 in SanAntonio, Texas. Hosted by the Center for Middle Eastern Studies of theUniversity of Texas at Austin and supported by different academicorganizations, MESA featued a number of distinguished speakers, internationaland domestic, who spoke on a wide variety of topics.One topic was the Gulf crisis and the AmWIsraeli conflict. The plenarysession of MESA , entitled "The Current Crisis in the Gulf: Thoughts andReflections," featured three main speakers: Richard Murphy of the Councilon Foreign Relations, Rashid Khalidi of the University of Chicago, and Kennethstein of hmy University. Though this sessim did not discuss ways of solvingthe Gulf crisis, it was the general feeling of the audience that a linkage doesexist between the Gulf situation and the Arab/Israeli conflict, and that acomprehensive solution in which the U.S. should play a major part is urgentlyneeded.The Conference tackled another current complication in the Middle Eastduring its seminar entitled The Impact of the Possible Mass Immigrationof Soviet Jews to Israel d the occupied Terrieories." Walid Khalidi of HarvardUniversity expressed the feeling of perhaps millions of Palestinians whenhe said that this mass immigration of Soviet Jews is the second most dangeroussituation affecting the Palestinians after their expulsion from their land in1948. Israel has by now received 200,000 Soviet immigrants since the summerof 1990, and their number is expected to reach two million by the year 1995.Muhammad Hallaj of the Palestine Research and Educatimal Center, locatedin Fairfax, Virginia, discussed the impact of the Soviet Jews' mass immigrationon Palestinian demography and economy in the occupied territories, and showedhow Israeli politicians, especially the right-wing ones, are more agreeablethan before to transferring a large number of Palestinians to Arab countries,especially to Jordan. As is well known, since 1967 a number of influentialIsraeli politicians have called on successive Israeli governments to expelPalestinians en masse as a means of keeping the demographic balance infavor of the Jewish population. It should be noted, however, that transfer,albeit on a minor scale, has in effect taken place, especially since the startof the Palestinian intifada in December of 1987. More than 200 Palestinianleaders, many of whom belong to the Islamic movement HAMAS, have beendeported to Lebanon. This shows the resolve of the Israeli government ingetting rid of the vital elements of Palestinian society ...

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SELIGSON, AMBER L. "Civic Association and Democratic Participation in Central America". Comparative Political Studies 32, nr 3 (maj 1999): 342–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414099032003003.

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In an attempt to build on and refine Putnam's thesis that participation in associations produces better democracy, this article seeks to determine two things. First, are his findings replicable in Central America? Second, is participation in all forms of associations equally generative of democracy, as Putnam suggests? In this study, Putnam's thesis is tested with survey samples drawn from all of the six Spanish-speaking countries in Central America. The author finds that although participation in community improvement associations is a consistent predictor of democratic behavior at an individual level, participation in other kinds of associations is not.

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Parsons, Kermit C. "Collaborative Genius: The Regional Planning Association of America". Journal of the American Planning Association 60, nr 4 (31.12.1994): 462–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944369408975605.

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Plissey i Gregory A. Porter. "Potato Association of America Honorary Life Members, 2002". American Journal of Potato Research 80, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02854557.

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Hane, Dan, Frank Fronek i Larry Hiller. "Potato Association of America Honorary Life Members, 2004". American Journal of Potato Research 82, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02894919.

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Tarn, T. Richard, i Agnes Murphy. "Potato association of america honorary life members, 2005". American Journal of Potato Research 84, nr 2 (marzec 2007): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987142.

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Sieczka, Joseph B. "Potato association of america honorary life members, 2006". American Journal of Potato Research 84, nr 2 (marzec 2007): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02987144.

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James, Vigil, Yona R. Vandersluis, Evangeline W. J. Zhang i Dennis Scolnik. "Dental injuries in younger emergency department patients". CJEM 20, nr 3 (13.07.2017): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.52.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundDental trauma is a relatively common occurrence in childhood, with an impact exceeding that of periodontal diseases. It places a significant burden on the public health system because of its high frequency, impact on quality of life and consumption of resources.ObjectivesTo identify changing trends of dental injury in patients between 0-18 years of age in Canada and provide a detailed assessment of dental injury patterns in patients attending a large pediatric tertiary care hospital.MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out in two parts. Firstly, data from patients who presented to the emergency departments of the 15 Canadian hospitals involved in the Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) from 1stJanuary 1990 to 31stDecember 2013 was collected. Secondly, at the Hospital for Sick Children, charts of patients identified from the aforementioned database from the years 2008, 2012 and 2015 were accessed for additional clinical data.ResultsBased on CHIRPP data there appears to be an increasing incidence in dental injuries presenting to emergency departments nationally. Participation in sports and cycling contributed to the majority of dental injuries. The use of safety equipment such as helmets with a face-grill and mouth-guard was low.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a rising incidence of dental injuries in young patients. Most dental injuries occurred during sports and playground related activities. The low rate of use of safety equipment and playground safety measures suggests that Canadian Standards Association standards for playgrounds could be more effective if strengthened by mandatory legislation.

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Dogliani, Patrizia. "Environment and leisure in Italy during Fascism". Modern Italy 19, nr 3 (sierpień 2014): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.940152.

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While vacation colonies, camps for children and young people, well-equipped beaches and playgrounds, and the first national parks were conceived in Italy during the Liberal period, it was not until the late 1920s/1930s that they were created and transformed by the Fascist regime. This article will analyse the purposes of the use of the environment and protected areas by Fascist organisations during the Fascist regime by different social groups and classes. It will try to answer several questions: how did Fascist mass organisations (youth organisations such as the Opera Nazionale Balilla (ONB) and Gioventò Italiana del Littorio (GIL), leisure organisations like the Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro (OND), sports associations) relate to environmental space? Which popular activities were conceived for open-air, urban and national parks? How did the relationship between outdoor leisure and the environment develop in the ‘new’ middle class in the 1930s? How did Fascism conceive of the relationship between human beings and nature? The Nazi regime and the US New Deal were the strongest models at that time in terms of the politics of land conservation and leisure time. Did Fascism look to those experiments; did Fascism find its own modern ‘conservative’ relationship with the environment? This article will try to answer some of these questions, mindful of the lack of studies on Italy in comparison with the expanding historiography on the German and American cases.

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Collado, Silvia, i José A. Corraliza. "Children’s Perceived Restoration and Pro-Environmental Beliefs". Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 2, nr 2 (1.01.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v2i2.176.

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This study intends to find a relation between children´s perceived restoration and their environmental orientations. In order to do that, a designed perceived restoration scale adapted from the PRCS-C II was used as well as an adapted version of the Children´s Environmental Perceptions Scale (CEPS). A total of 832 children aged between 6 and 13 participated in the study. The results show that there is a relation between the perceived restoration due to the nature present in the school playground and the environmental orientations children show. Keywords: Children, environmental orientations, perceived restoration, nature. © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

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Urban, Wayne Joseph. "NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA". História da Educação 20, nr 48 (kwiecień 2016): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-3459/56900.

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This essay profiles the history of the National Education Association of the United States of America. Founded in 1857, the association functioned as a national debating society for a small group of educational leaders for the rest of the nineteenth century. In the twentieth century, it experienced a wave of feminist opposition to the male leaders, the influence of progressive education, a surge of local emphasis, the challenge of trade unionism in the form of the American Federation of Teachers - AFT -, its own racial desegregation, and participation in the creation of the United States Department of Education. Recently, it has been attacked from the political right, as a facilitator of an intellectually deficient public education system.

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Kuhlmann Jr., Moysés. "El playground y las propuestas para la educación de los niños (desde la Infant School hasta el Parque Infantil, 1823-1935)". Revista Colombiana de Educación 1, nr 82 (9.06.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17227/rce.num82-11383.

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n la historia del playground, desde su desarrollo en los EE. UU., a fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, se han adoptado propuestas pedagógicas y de equipos que se refieren a dos instituciones educativas creadas en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, la Infant School inglesa y el kindergarten aleman. La iniciativa norteamericana se extendió en América Latina, como en México, Argentina, Uruguay y Brasil. En este artículo de investigación histórica, analizamos las ideas sobre el playground defendidas por Samuel Wilderspin, responsable del movimiento de las Infant Schools en Inglaterra. Luego, se presentan algunas de las propuestas de la Playground Association of America e información sobre la difusión del playground en Latinoamérica. El texto analiza cómo las composiciones que llevaron a su implantación se produjeron a través de articulaciones enfocadas en políticas sociales que no se limitan a cuestiones pedagógicas, escolares, sino también referidas a la educación física, el urbanismo y la higiene. Consideradas muchas veces como propuestas restringidas a la educación física, orientadas a las prácticas deportivas, gimnásticas y de recreación, estas instituciones componían propuestas de educación integral, involucrando diferentes dimensiones. Se identifican diferencias entre países, que se deben a los contextos en los que se apropiaron las propuestas, como en el caso del Parque Infantil y otras variantes de la institución en Brasil y las Plazas de Deportes en Escuelas al Aire Libre en Uruguay. Las confluencias y distancias en la historia de estas instituciones a lo largo de América Latina constituyen un fértil campo de investigación por explorar.

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Onyeka, Uche. "Neighborhood-Level Predictors of Obesity Among African American Children in California". Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences 13, nr 1 (20.06.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2019.13.1.04.

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The increased prevalence of childhood obesity is a major public health concern nationally and globally. Childhood obesity is primarily caused by the imbalance between caloric intake and caloric expenditure; however, its increase over the past decades may be due to environmental and behavioral factors. The purpose of the current study was to examine if any relationships existed between childhood obesity, level of physical activity, and neighborhood-level risk factors. This study used the California Health Interview Survey 2009–2014 data sets for African American children aged 5–11 years (<em>n </em>= 1,049). The dependent variable was body mass index (BMI) while the predictors included physical activity, neighborhood, walkability, support, safety, and the presence of parks. Potential confounds were gender and parental education level. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate the associations between BMI and age, educational attainment, neighborhood walkability, physical activity, built environment, neighborhood support, and neighborhood safety. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between BMI and physical activity; parental educational level; presence of parks, playground, or open spaces; neighborhood walkability; neighborhood safety; neighborhood support; and gender while adjusting for other known risk factors. Low physical activity levels were a significant risk factor for increased obesity. No associations were discovered between childhood obesity and neighborhood safety; parental educational level; presence of parks, playgrounds, or open spaces; neighborhood walkability; neighborhood safety; neighborhood support; and gender. This study reinforces the relationship between environmental policy and physical activity.

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Gustat, Jeanette, Christopher E. Anderson i Sandy J. Slater. "Association of Playground “Playability” With Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure". Preventing Chronic Disease 20 (27.04.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd20.220247.

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Gavryutina, Irina, Risa Bochner, Vivian Chin i Renee Bargman. "A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study of Parental Outdoor Play Preferences and Association With Child Overweight and Obesity". Clinical Pediatrics, 29.05.2023, 000992282311763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00099228231176350.

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Childhood obesity is highly prevalent among certain populations of New York. This cross-sectional pilot study examined the associations between parental attitudes about outdoor activities and body mass index (BMI). A questionnaire was distributed among parents of 1 to 13 aged children at ambulatory pediatric clinics. Of 104 children included in the study 57 were of normal weight and 47 were overweight or obese. Most parents of children with BMI <85% reported frequent playground utilization, considered longer hours to spend outside on weekdays, reported a larger total temperature range for outdoor playground utilization and a lower tolerable minimum temperature compared to parents of children with BMI ≥85%, p < .05. Only having a parent born outside of the United States remained a significant predictor of overweight and obesity in the final model. Parents of children with BMI < 85% are more willing to spend time outdoors, regardless of weather. Immigrant parents are protective against overweight.

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Ferrari, Gerson, André Oliveira Werneck, Danilo Rodrigues da Silva, Irina Kovalskys, Georgina Gómez, Attilio Rigotti, Lilia Yadira Cortés Sanabria i in. "Is the perceived neighborhood built environment associated with domain-specific physical activity in Latin American adults? An eight-country observational study". International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 17, nr 1 (1.10.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01030-6.

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Abstract Background Characteristics of the neighborhood built environment are associated with physical activity (PA). However, few studies with representative samples have examined environmental correlates of domain-specific PA in Latin America. We examined the associations of the perceived neighborhood built environment with domain-specific PA in a large sample of adults from eight Latin American countries. Methods This study examined data from 8185 adults (aged 18–65 years) from eight Latin American countries. The Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Survey - Abbreviated (NEWS-A) scale was used to assess perceptions of land use mix–diversity, land use mix-access, street connectivity, walking/cycling facilities, aesthetics, safety from traffic, and safety from crime. Perceived proximity from home to public open spaces (metropolitan parks, playgrounds, public squares) and to shopping centers was also measured. Transport-related and leisure-time PA were assessed using the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Both logistic and linear regression models were estimated on pooled data. Results Perceptions of higher land use mix-access (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.22,1.61), the existence of many alternative routes in the neighbourhood (1.12; 1.04,1.20), slow speed of traffic (1.19; 1.03,1.35) and few drivers exceeding the speed limits (1.09; 1.03,1.15) were associated with greater odds of reporting at least 10 min/week of transport-related PA. Perceptions of higher levels of land use mix-diversity, better aesthetics and greater safety from crime, the presence of crosswalks and pedestrian signals, and greater proximity of shopping centers were associated with more min/week of transport-related PA. Perceptions of higher land use mix-diversity (1.12; 1.05,1.20), higher land use mix-access (1.27; 1.13,1.43), more walking/cycling facilities (1.18; 1.09,1.28), and better aesthetics (1.10; 1.02,1.18) were associated with greater odds of engaging in at least 10 min/week of leisure-time PA versus none. Perceptions of higher land use mix-diversity were associated with more min/week of leisure PA. Conclusions Different perceived neighborhood built environment characteristics were associated with domain-specific PA among adults from Latin America countries. Interventions designed to modify perceptions of the neighbourhood built environment might influence initiation or maintenance of domain-specific PA. Trial registration ClinicalTrials. Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

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"Mathematical Association of America". Choice Reviews Online 43, nr 12 (1.08.2006): 43Sup—0402–43Sup—0402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.43sup-0402.

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