Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Playground Association of America

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Playground Association of America”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 28 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Playground Association of America"

Gagen, Elizabeth A. "An Example to Us All: Child Development and Identity Construction in Early 20th-Century Playgrounds". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, nr 4 (kwiecień 2000): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3237.

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At the turn of the 20th century, children's play came under new and heightened scrutiny by urban reformers. As conditions in US cities threatened traditional notions of order, reformers sought new ways to direct urban-social development. In this paper I explore playground reform as an institutional response that aimed to produce and promote ideal gender identities in children. Supervised summer playgrounds were established across the United States as a means of drawing children off the street and into a corrective environment. Drawing from literature published by the Playground Association of America and a case study of playground management in Cambridge, MA, I explore playground training as a means of constructing gender identities in and through public space. Playground reformers asserted, drawing from child development theory, that the child's body was a conduit through which ‘inner’ identity surfaced. The child's body became a site through which gender identities could be both monitored and produced, compelling reformers to locate playgrounds in public, visible settings. Reformers' conviction that exposing girls to public vision threatened their development motivated a series of spatial restrictions. Whereas boys were unambiguously displayed to public audiences, girls' playgrounds were organised to accommodate this fear. Playground reformers' shrewd spatial tactics exemplify the ways in which institutional authorities conceive of and deploy space toward the construction of identity.

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Barreno, Mishell, Ivan Sisa, Martha Cecilia Yépez García, Hua Shen, Mónica Villar, Irina Kovalskys, Mauro Fisberg i in. "Association between built environment and physical activity in Latin American countries: a multicentre cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 11, nr 11 (listopad 2021): e046271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046271.

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ObjectiveTo assess the association between the physical activity level and the built environment by accessibility, microinfrastructure and security in Latin America (LA).DesignWe conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study to collect physical activity and built environment data. The levels of physical activity were calculated through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire survey. Using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated, characteristics of the built environment were measured through three domains: accessibility, microinfrastructure and security. To estimate the association of the built environment and physical activity, we used mixed effects logistic regression analysis. In addition, likelihood ratio test to account for clustered effect within countries and/or cities was used.SettingEight countries in LA.ParticipantsAdults aged 15–65 years (n=9218) living in urban areas and consented to participate of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health.ResultsMost of the population in LA had access to a grocery store (97.2%), public transport stop (91.5%) and children’s playground (81.6%). Metropolitan parks were more accessible in Ecuador (59.8%) and Colombia (59.2%) than in Venezuela (33.5%). Individuals located within 20 min of walking from sport facilities or children’s playground areas were more likely to perform moderate-to-high physical activity OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.36) and OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.53), respectively. Only 14.5% of the population from the region considered that their neighbourhood had an adequate design for walking or cycling. Likewise, among adults living in LA, only 39.75% had the perception of living in a safe neighbourhood.ConclusionsThis multicentre study shows that currently, LA built environment does not promote physical activity in the region. Our findings provide the rationale to push forward, at regional and national levels, policies and interventions that will help to achieve a safe, healthy and friendly built environment to encourage participation in active recreation and sports in leisure time.Trial registration numberNCT02226627.

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Watkinson, E. Jane, Janice Causgrove Dunn, Nancy Cavaliere, Karen Calzonetti, Larry Wilhelm i Sean Dwyer. "Engagement in Playground Activities as a Criterion for Diagnosing Developmental Coordination Disorder". Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 18, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.18.1.18.

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The purpose was to develop a valid protocol for use by physical educators in assessing whether children suspected of having developmental coordination disorder (DCD) meet the American Psychiatric Association (1994) diagnostic criterion of interference in activities of daily living when interference is defined as culturally subaverage engagement in activities of daily living in physical play (ADL-PP) on the playground. Participants were 136 children (75 girls, 61 boys) from Grades 1 to 4 at three elementary schools in Canada. Data were collected two ways: (a) three administrations of an ADL-PP self-report of activities done during recess and (b) observation of children’s ADL-PP during two recess periods. Examination of reactivity, accuracy, content relevance, and content representativeness of the ADL-PP report form indicated protocol validity. An example illustrating the use of the ADL-PP self-report protocol to identify interference is described.

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Alamillo, Joséé M. "Playing Across Borders: Transnational Sports and Identities in Southern California and Mexico, 1930––1945". Pacific Historical Review 79, nr 3 (1.08.2010): 360–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.360.

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This article examines the local and transnational dimensions of sports in Southern California through the activities of the Mexican Athletic Association of Southern California (MAASC) from the Great Depression to the end of World War II. This amateur athletic organization promoted sports in the barrios and colonias throughout Southern California and forged transnational ties with the Mexican government and its sports federation. MAASC and its related activities reflected two competing historical trajectories that have been subjects of debate in Chicano historiography. MAASC sports simultaneously reinvigorated transnational ties with Mexico that emphasized a Mééxico de afuera identity and contributed to the making of a Mexican American identity that connected immigrants to Southern California and American society in general. Ultimately, both impulses helped to instill a new political confidence among MAASC members to challenge the Los Angeles Department of Playground and Recreation's paternalistic approach toward the Mexican community.

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I.A. Aghayev. "COMPETITIVE BALANCE IN THE AZERBAIJAN PREMIER LEAGUE AZERBAIJAN STATE ACADEMY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT". Scientific News of Academy of Physical Education and Sport 3, nr 3 (26.07.2021): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/ssj.v3i3.360.

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In terms of numbers of both spectators and players, football – or soccer as it is called mainly in North America – is probably one of the most popular sport games around the world. According to some figures of the international governing body, the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), there are nearly 250 million football players and 1,3 billion fans interested in football all around the world in the 21st century [3]. Parts of its global success might come from the fact that football can be played almost everywhere from professional football pitches to streets, schools, parks, and playgrounds. Moreover, it follows simple rules and requires only modest equipment. Likewise, many people in Azerbaijan are interested in football. The Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan (AFFA) is the governing body of football and Azerbaijan has a national football championship, called Azerbaijan Premier League. Since 2016, eight clubs are competing in the league with Qarabag FK being the dominating team of the league during the last decade [11]. In general, such dominance might be a problem for spectators and fans. At the same time, it might hinder the development of other clubs in the country. Remarkably in this regard, the performance in UEFA’s international club competitions, i.e. the UEFA Champions League and Europa League, of all clubs beyond Qarabag FK is rather poor yet. This thesis will deal with the situation of competitive balance (CB) and its development over time in the Azerbaijan Premier League. Moreover, it will explore whether and to what extent a lack of balance might (at least to some extent) be one reason for the lack of success in the international club competitions. As such, the thesis intends to answer two research questions: 1) What is the situation as well as the development of CB over time in the Azerbaijan Premier League? 2) Is dominance in the Azerbaijan Premier League (at least to some extent) a problem for clubs playing internationally?

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Veblen, Kari K., Nathan B. Kruse, Stephen J. Messenger i Meredith Letain. "Children’s clapping games on the virtual playground". International Journal of Music Education 36, nr 4 (14.05.2018): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0255761418772865.

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This study considers children’s informal musicking and online music teaching, learning, playing, and invention through an analysis of children’s clapping games on YouTube. We examined a body of 184 games from 103 separate YouTube postings drawn from North America, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. Selected videos were analyzed according to video characteristics, participant attributes, purpose, and teaching and learning aspects. The results of this investigation indicated that pairs of little girls aged 3 to 12 constituted a majority of the participants in these videos, with other participant subcategories including mixed gender, teen, adult, and intergenerational examples. Seventy-one percent of the videos depicted playing episodes, and 40% were intended for pedagogical purposes; however, several categories overlapped. As of June 1, 2016, nearly 50 million individuals had viewed these YouTube postings.

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Santillan, Lupita, Lindsay Frederick, Sean Gilmore i Jill Locke. "Brief Report: Examining the Association Between Classroom Social Network Inclusion and Playground Peer Engagement Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders". Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities 34, nr 2 (22.03.2019): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088357619838275.

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Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often face barriers when establishing peer connections at school. This aim of this study is to explore how social network inclusion in the classroom is associated with playground peer engagement. Independent observers administered friendship surveys to determine social network inclusion in the classroom and recorded the playground engagement states of 55 children with ASD from 42 general education classrooms in 16 public elementary schools in the northeastern United States. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between social network inclusion and playground engagement. Results indicated an association between social network inclusion and playground engagement. Children who were included to a greater degree in their classrooms’ social network spent more time engaged with peers on the playground. These findings highlight the importance of supporting social interactions in multiple contexts in schools.

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Mohd Radzi, Nurul Asyikin, Kharizam Ismail i Lilawati Ab Wahab. "Ergonomics Concept in Inclusive Public Playground Targeting on Children with Disabilities". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, nr 15 (20.12.2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2499.

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Nowadays, playgrounds are underused to improve the physical and social development of young children with special needs. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key criteria of ergonomic inclusive public children playground aim for children with disabilities (CWDs). The study explored the process of universal design and the ergonomics function of play equipment that focuses on CWDs through physical site observation and interview protocol done among caregivers, parents of children with disabilities, and all stakeholders involved in the development of the public playground in Malaysia. The result presents three major themes as a guideline to create an ergonomic inclusive playground. Keywords: Ergonomics; Universal Design; Public Playground; Children with disabilities. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: 10.21834/ebpj.v5i15.2499

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Cartujano-Barrera, Francisco, Edgar Alaniz-Cantu, Maria Valeria Bautista Rojas, Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres, Scott McIntosh, Deborah J. Ossip i Ana Paula Cupertino. "Abstract 1971: Understanding the perspectives of Latino smokers on physical activity: A qualitative study". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1971.

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Abstract Introduction: Smoking and sedentarism frequently co-occur among Latinos. Evidence suggests that moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may enhance smoking cessation rates. However, this synergistic phenomenon has not been studied among Latinos, the largest minority group in the U.S. Objective: To understand the perspectives of Latino smokers on physical activity. Methods: Participants were recruited using community-based recruitment strategies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English and Spanish with Latino smokers. The Health Belief Model was used as a framework for qualitative theoretical analysis. Results: At baseline, participants’ mean age was 54.9 years old (SD 12.1), 50% of the participants were female, and 85% self-identified as heterosexual or straight. Eight participants (40%) indicated their language of preference as “Only Spanish” and 50% were born in Cuba and the Dominican Republic (25% for each country). Most participants (70%) were light smokers (1-10 cigarettes per day), 35% smoked their first cigarettes within five minutes after waking up, and 50% used menthol cigarettes. We identified perceived benefits (e.g., mood management, weight loss, strategy to quit smoking), susceptibility (e.g., risk of cardiovascular diseases and physical impairment, susceptibility to weight gain), and barriers (e.g., lack of social support, health constraints, and low financial resources) of being physically active. Moreover, we identified cues to action to do physical activity (e.g., being a role model: “⋯I’m going to do it [physical activity] so she [the daughter] can do it too⋯”; spending time with family and friends: “Well, since I have some little nephews and some little nieces... I go with them to the playground⋯”; being outdoors: “⋯go to the parks a lot or go nature walking⋯ being out in the woods⋯ taking all of nature⋯ I would go down to [local towns in New York] on my bicycle⋯”). Conclusion: Multiple perceived factors of being physically active were identified among Latino smokers. These factors provide concrete operational strategies to address smoking cessation and physical activity among Latinos. Further research is needed on how best to integrate these perspectives into smoking cessation interventions. Citation Format: Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Edgar Alaniz-Cantu, Maria Valeria Bautista Rojas, Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres, Scott McIntosh, Deborah J. Ossip, Ana Paula Cupertino. Understanding the perspectives of Latino smokers on physical activity: A qualitative study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1971.

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Nebelong, Helle. "When There's Nothing but Nature: The Danish Experience with Natural Playscapes". Built Environment 47, nr 2 (1.06.2021): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.47.2.155.

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In this article I provide an overview of my natural playground and sensory garden design practices and theories. I discuss how I was inspired by the landscape architect, Carl Theodor Sørensen, and the key role his work and writings played in Denmark and beyond in the development of natural playscapes and in the setting up in 1961 of the International Play Association. I reveal how my first project, while still a student, to design a sensory garden for a special school was to influence my future career and thinking. My time working for the City of Copenhagen began with the design of the first public sensory garden in Denmark, which I describe here. I then highlight another Danish concept: the manned playground and its manifestation in the Nature Playground in Valbyparken for whose design I was responsible, and which I present here. I go on to discuss the dangers of standardized playground equipment designed by adults with no input from children, who prefer to make their own play and benefit from so doing. I describe my design for Murergaarden Daycare Centre and Afterschool Club playground which has no fixed play equipment. I then emphasize further the benefits of 'green' playground design and present the example of the Skovstjernen Daycare Centre, where 'there's nothing but nature and loose parts'. In short, my message is that Nature is the best place for children to play and develop their creativity.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Playground Association of America"

Labre, Nathalie Sandra. "An instance of the trade between the United States and Latin America applied to the playground industry". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1960.

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This project presents the marketing strategy that should be developed in order to be successful in the Latin American market. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the market's opportunities and threats linked to the customers/consumers expectations by using the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis.

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Bryant, Bradley Wayne. "History of the Virginia FFA Association". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26640.

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Part of this research focused on the predecessors of the FFA by outlining the history and purposes of agricultural organizations formed since the late 1700s. The past two centuries of American agricultural history is rich with efforts to educate and improve agricultural practices through organized groups of farmers and other rural leaders. Early in the development of agricultural societies, experimentation and successful practices were shared with others in the local organization and works were often published in journals or newspapers for educational and informational purposes. Regular meetings and fellowship were also a major focus of the early groups. The national organizations that formed later such as the Grange, included the fraternal, social, and educational aspects while maintaining a focus on the economics of farming. The boys’ and girls’ club movement provided opportunities for youth to meet, learn, and participate in agricultural competitions. The center of activities for youth organizations quickly shifted from community groups to agricultural education programs in the public schools. Clubs that formed within agricultural education programs in Virginia soon united to create the Future Farmers of Virginia. The FFV and FFA that followed initiated the use of certain symbols, colors, and ritual ceremonies that can be traced directly to the agricultural societies. This research identified many agricultural societies and youth clubs that had a profound influence on the development of the National FFA Organization. The major purpose of this study was to describe the establishment of the Future Farmers of American and to document the accomplishments of Virginia FFA members at the state and national levels. The objectives of the study were: To describe the historical events and circumstances that led to the establishment of the Future Farmers of Virginia and the Future Farmers of America, To document Virginia FFA history by recording achievements of members and chapters at the state level, To document the achievements of Virginia FFA members and chapters at the national level, and To provide a history of the Virginia FFA Association from 1925 to the present. The Virginia FFA Association is rich with historical information that ranges from the formation of the Future Farmers of Virginia in 1925, the forming of a national organization in 1928, and 75 years of accomplishments by Virginia FFA members.
Ph. D.

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Ruby, Glenn Burton. "An investigation of the practice of family worship in homes of pastors in the Conservative Baptist Association of America". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Luken, Eleanor. "Children's power over play a cultural geography of playspaces in America /". Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1250614916.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.
Advisor: David Saile. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec. 15, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: children; vernacular architecture; playscapes; childhood; playground. Includes bibliographical references.

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Smith, John David. "Developing a model for prefield preparation and orientation of international missionaries for the BMA of America". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p056-0076.

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Carnes-Darst, Stacey. "Religiosity, Volunteering, and Donating: An Examiniation of the Association Between Religiosity, Volunteering, and Donating in America". TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/446.

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As a society we often attribute our actions to our religious beliefs, or level of religiosity, and assume that those who are more religious often do more to help others in need. However, from a conflict theorist's perspective, these beliefs regarding religiosity could be viewed as a way to maintain control and promote solidarity among the masses, as exemplified by the comment of George H.W. Bush. This study, using the special topic module on volunteering and donating from the 1996 General Social Survey, examines this question to determine whether religion and volunteering and donating are related and whether the relationship is consistent when control variables are considered. Factorial analyses were completed using data from 2,904 respondents (N=2,904) to create a multidimensional scale measuring level of religiosity and scales measuring different aspects of volunteering and donating. Crosstab and correlation analyses were used to identify relationships between level of religiosity and the various scales measuring volunteering and donating, while regression methods were then utilized to determine the effect that level of religiosity and the identified control variables had on the relationships. The results of this study indicate that while religion is correlated with some aspects of volunteering and donating, it is a significant predictor of volunteering and donating only when those activities are religiously oriented. These results not only suggest that the common belief that highly religious people volunteer or donate more than those who are not may be false; they also suggest that comments such as the one by former President Bush are unfounded and create social barriers for a segment of the population based on moral judgments.

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Crawley, Steven L. "A study of determinants of giving among churches affiliated with the Baptist Missionary Association of America". Thesis, Dallas Baptist University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3642372.

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The purpose of this quantitative multiple regression study was to examine the relationship between per capita giving and church size, annual stewardship emphasis, stewardship training, offering envelope distribution method, time of receiving offering, frequency of distributing contribution statements, membership orientation, and electronic options of giving among churches affiliated with the Baptist Missionary Association (BMA) of America. Through a simple random sample, 600 BMA of America churches were chosen to participate in the study. Data collection involved a survey instrument validated through an expert panel and pilot study. The data was analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The study found none of the independent variables to be statistically significant predictors of per capita giving, R² = .06, F(8, 164) = 1.33, p = .234. Through an exploratory measure, the researcher replaced per capita giving with total undesignated receipts. The church size variable was omitted due to high correlation with the criterion variable. The exploratory measure testing the relationship between total undesignated receipts and the seven congregational practices resulted in a valid regression model, R² = .34, F(7, 163) = 11.71, p < .005. Individual predictors that were statistically significant included stewardship training, offering envelope distribution method, and frequency of distributing contribution statements. Three primary conclusions evolved from the study. First, per capita giving is not a good standard of measurement when comparing across churches. Second, there is a relationship between congregational stewardship practices and increased income. Third, unidentified factors beyond stewardship practices serve as a major impetus to giving among members of BMA of America churches.

Keywords: Baptist, determinants, giving, leadership, stewardship.

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Bergström, Johanna. "Gender equality and sustainable development for export? : a critical study of EU association agreements in Latin America". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/72748/.

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In June 2012 the European Union signed bilateral Association Agreements (AAs) based on a neoliberal economic growth philosophy with Central American states as well as! with Colombia and! Peru. In addition to free trade, these also include a ppolitical dialogue as well as an international cooperation pillar. This thesis explores empirical disconnects and contradiction in the EU’s efforts to combine these different aspects in it foreign policy. In particular, it investigates how successful the EU is in linking these AAs to it work towards sustainable development and gender equality at multiple levels. It does this by moving from a wide and international perspective to a local and more specific one. In doing this the thesis examines international trends, while concentrating on EU development policies in relation to trade with Latin America, using Guatemala as a case study. Most critiques against the AAs take place within a modernity framework but this research moves beyond these notions and considers how we may account for ‘the local’ and critically engage with Western mainstream development discourses. This thesis argues that there, in addition to the empirical disconnects in EU policy, is a disconnect within theory between gendered international political economy (GIPE) and theories on sustainability. Therefore the theoretical framework aim at bridging this gap by linking environmental feminist thought with feminist economics. In addition, this thesis includes Mayan cosmovision (worldview) and the concept of buen vivir (good life), which is inspired by indigenous people’s worldviews and is present in the Bolivian as well as the Ecuadorian constitutions. This way local forms of theoretical knowledge is taken into account and combined with complementing forms of feminisms, allowing for a critical analysis of trade, gender and sustainable development in Latin America.

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Taylor, Dorcas S. G. "The association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and caesarean section in two developing countries in South America /". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84080.

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An association between body mass index (BMI) and caesarean section has been documented in the literature in developed countries. The causal factors leading to this association are not known, therefore it is unknown whether this association could be extended to developing countries. This study will examine BMI as a risk factor for caesarean section in women in a developing country.
This study included a cohort of 290,124 births in Uruguay, from the years 1992 to 2001, and a cohort from Pelotas, Brazil with 8,475 births, from 1982 and 1993. Three statistical methods were used to deal with missing data in the logistic regression analysis: casewise deletion, use of a missing data indicator, and multiple imputation.
BMI showed a strong relationship to caesarean section, with increasing risk of caesarean with increasing BMI, except in women with previous caesarean section in Pelotas. Other important risk factors included level of education, diabetes, hypertensive diseases and primiparity. Risks differed by labour type and history of caesarean section.

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Arditi, David Michael. "Freedom, Music and the RIAA: How the Recording Industry Association of America Shapes Culture by De-politicizing Music". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33760.

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Since the development of widespread sound recording and distribution, the music industry has become increasingly consolidated among fewer companies. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno described how the commodifying forces of the music industry lead to a predictable formulaic music that lacks any critical approach to society in their groundbreaking book, first published in 1944, Dialectic of Enlightenment (1972). Today, the patterns have not changed as there are now four major record labels known as the â Big Fourâ that produce commodified music with a business model that optimizes their profits at the expense of art, creativity and original style. Using the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) as its lobbying group and appointed vigilantly, the â Big Fourâ attempt to limit the access of independent artists and labels to music consumers.

This thesis argues that in the process through which the music industry works to co-opt and commodify genres of music, the music is (de)politicized to appeal to a larger audience. While technological advances in digital media and the internet would seem to bring a decentralized (even democratized) structure that diverts the costly music distribution system allowing for more artists and labels to compete, the RIAA has acted to prevent these technologies from developing their greatest potential. First, I demonstrate how music is commodified and marketed towards consumers. The second part of this thesis uses hip hop as an example to demonstrate how the music industry co-opts a genre of music to sell to the largest number of consumers and in the process changes the political significance of that genre. Finally, I argue that the RIAAâ s attack on file-sharers in the name of copyright protection is a technique for the â Big Fourâ to stop competition from independent artists and labels.
Master of Arts

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Książki na temat "Playground Association of America"

Lipizzan Association of North America., red. The Lipizzan Association of North America studbook. Anderson, IN (P.O. Box 1133, Anderson 46015-1133): The Association, 1998.

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Lipizzan Association of North America., red. The Lipizzan Association of North America studbook. Flagstaff, AZ (P.O. Box 1388, Flagstaff 86001): The Association, 1994.

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National Bar Association. Judicial Council., red. Black judges in America. Columbus, Ohio: Positive Images Pub., 2001.

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Duggar, John W. The Baptist Missionary Association of America, 1950-1986. Texarkana, Tex: Baptist Pub. House, 1988.

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America, Goddard Association of. Directory of members of the Goddard Association of America. Edmond, OK (224 Hadwiger Lane, Edmond 73034): The Association, 1985.

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Art Museum Association of America., red. The Art Museum Association of America exhibition program: Art. San Francisco: Art Museum Association, 1985.

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Vogel, John N. One hundred years of roofing in America. Rosemont, Ill: National Roofing Contractors Association, 1986.

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Petrello, George J. In service to America: AICS at 75. New York: Gregg Division, McGraw-Hill, 1988.

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Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans., red. Only in America opportunity still knocks, 1986. New York, N.Y: Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, 1986.

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Kostlevy, William. Holy jumpers: Evangelicals and radicals in Progressive Era America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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Części książek na temat "Playground Association of America"

Dominguez, Roberto. "Association Agreements". W EU Foreign Policy towards Latin America, 69–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137321282_5.

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Utria, Alan. "Eye Bank Association of America". W Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35951-4_888-1.

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Wodushek, Thomas R., i Michael R. Greher. "Brain Injury Association of America". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 620–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_602.

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Wodushek, Thomas R., i Michael R. Greher. "Brain Injury Association of America". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_602-3.

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Utria, Alan Fremder. "Eye Bank Association of America". W Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology, 753. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69000-9_888.

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Morgan, Kathleen N. "Zoological Association of America (ZAA)". W Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_2082-1.

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Morgan, Kathleen N. "Zoological Association of America (ZAA)". W Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 7371. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_2082.

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Wodushek, Thomas R., i Michael R. Greher. "Brain Injury Association of America". W Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 438–40. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_602.

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Dennings, Kelley. "Social Marketing Association of North America". W The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Social Marketing, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14449-4_39-1.

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Stone, Marilyn. "Las Siete partidas in America". W American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 281. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.viii.20sto.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Playground Association of America"

Li, Sha, Chi Han, Pengfei Yu, Carl Edwards, Manling Li, Xingyao Wang, Yi Fung i in. "Defining a New NLP Playground". W Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.799.

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Beck, Tilman, Bela Bohlender, Christina Viehmann, Vincent Hane, Yanik Adamson, Jaber Khuri, Jonas Brossmann, Jonas Pfeiffer i Iryna Gurevych. "AdapterHub Playground: Simple and Flexible Few-Shot Learning with Adapters". W Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.acl-demo.6.

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de Freitas, Laura M., i Maurício S. Baptista. "Antimicrobial PDT in South America". W 17th International Photodynamic Association World Congress, redaktor Tayyaba Hasan. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2527507.

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Kurachi, Cristina, i Vanderlei S. Bagnato. "Oncological PDT in Latin America (Conference Presentation)". W 17th International Photodynamic Association World Congress, redaktor Tayyaba Hasan. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2528015.

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Pokrywka, Jakub, Filip Graliński, Krzysztof Jassem, Karol Kaczmarek, Krzysztof Jurkiewicz i Piotr Wierzchon. "Challenging America: Modeling language in longer time scales". W Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: NAACL 2022. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.findings-naacl.56.

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da Cunha, Danilo S., Rafael S. Xavier, Daniel G. Ferrari i Leandro N. de Castro. "Association rule mining using a bacterial colony algorithm". W 2015 Latin America Congress on Computational Intelligence (LA-CCI). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/la-cci.2015.7435950.

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Afra, S., H. G. Alrashidi i H. A. Nasr-EL-Din. "Interrelationship Between Asphaltene Precipitation Methods and Asphaltene Characteristics and Self-Association Behavior". W SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/185542-ms.

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Cesaroni, Claudio, Lucilla Alfonsi, Rodrigo Romero, Nicola Linty, Fabio Dovis, Sreeja Vaddake Veettil, Jihye Park, Daniele Barroca, Mayara Cobacho Ortega i Raul Orus Perez. "Monitoring Ionosphere Over South America: The MImOSA and MImOSA2 projects". W 2015 International Association of Institutes of Navigation World Congress (IAIN). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iain.2015.7352226.

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Jones, K., K. Setzer, L. Bury i K. Berlack. "Sounding off on social media the Acoustical Society of America". W 10th Convention of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. Turin, Italy: European Acoustics Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61782/fa.2023.0416.

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Rasmussen, Jan C., i Stanley B. Keith. "Geologic settings of wulfenite in southwestern North America". W 30th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium and 1st Annual Mining Artifact Collectors Association Symposium. Socorro, NM: New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.58799/nmms-2009.347.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Playground Association of America"

Behrman, Jere R., Nancy Birdsall i Miguel Székely. Intergenerational Schooling Mobility and Macro Conditions and Schooling Policies in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011557.

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The effects of market and policy reforms on poverty and inequality in Latin America have been of considerable concern. The region continues to have relatively great income inequalities. Two different societies with the same income distribution may have different levels of social welfare because they have different degrees of social mobility. To date little attention has been paid to measuring social mobility in the region. Schooling is thought to be a major mechanism through which intergenerational social mobility is affected. This paper explores the strength of the association of family background with child schooling and whether the strength of this association is related to some major macro and aggregate school policy variables.

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Perlack, R. D., H. G. Jones, A. III Garcia i E. Flores. Mid-term evaluation of the NRECA (National Rural Electric Cooperative Association) Central America Rural Electrification Support Program (CARES). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6497300.

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Guerrero, Pablo. Trade Logistics and Physical Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, lipiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006849.

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This presentation discusses issues regarding the need to enhance connectivity to deepen regional integration, with particular attention to trade logistics. Topics explored include LAC's logistics performance and challenges; a review of recent indicators; progress achieved and the challenges ahead in LAC's physical integration, considering the IIRSA initiative in South America and the Mesoamerica Project in Southern Mexico, Central America and Colombia; and the challenges the Region faces to improve its connectivity and regional integration, particularly in the trade logistics area, highlighting the agenda the IDB is focusing on in these areas. This presentation was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 5th Annual Meeting which was held in Singapore, on July 15th, 2009.

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Jaureguiberry, Florencia, Jesús Duarte i Mariana Racimo. Sufficiency, Equity and Effectiveness of School Infrastructure in Latin America according to TERCE. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006344.

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The purpose of this analysis is to investigate the characteristics of school infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean, using information from TERCE comparatively around the concepts of sufficiency, equity and effectiveness. We start by enquiring whether the physical spaces whereLatin American children and youth study are adequate and sufficient to ensure learning. Next, we examine how school spaces are distributed, both according to the geographical area of the students and their socioeconomic and cultural status. Finally, we look at the effectiveness of physical resources within schools, that is, the association between physical spaces and learning (using the results of the TERCE tests as proxy).

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Ruprah, Inder J. Does Owning Your Home Make You Happier?: Impact Evidence from Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, maj 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011137.

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In this working paper, the authors present evidence that homeowners are happier than non-homeowners and it is homeownership that causes the difference in happiness. The data used is from seventeen Latin American countries obtained from the LatinBarometer surveys. The association between homeownership and happiness is measured by an ordered logit regression with a comprehensive set of socio-demographic control variable with errors clustered at year and country. Happiness and ownership are positively and statistically significantly related. Causality is determined through nonparametric impact measure via the propensity score matching technique. Homeownership causes increased happiness. The impact result is robust to the problem of hidden bias. The impact conclusion also holds in a meta-impact approach where impacts are calculated for each country separately. Owning your home makes you happier, at least in Latin America.

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Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio. Fear of China: Is There a Future for Manufacturing in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011316.

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China's emergence has raised pointed questions about the future of manufacturing in Latin America. Once saw as its economic future, the viability of this activity in the region has long been challenged by traditional trade theory and, in practical terms, by at least three generations of Asian Tigers. China and its "unlimited supply of labor", rapid productivity growth, scale, and extremely interventionist state has brought the practical challenge to unprecedented levels. This paper, using mainly descriptive production and trade statistics, looks at the nature of this challenge and its implications. It begins by dealing with a central issue: Does manufacturing still matter for Latin America's development? It then moves on to examine the scope and nature of the Chinese challenge. It shows that endowments, productivity, scale and the government role, all work together to make China a formidable competitor. The paper concludes by discussing, in general terms, the (difficult) policy options available. This presentation presented at Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 1st Annual Meeting held in Beijing, China on December 3rd-4th, 2004.

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Medalla, Erlinda, i Jenny Balboa. Prospects for Regional Cooperation between Latin America and Caribbean and Asia Pacific: Perspective from East Asia. Inter-American Development Bank, lipiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006852.

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This paper explores the potential for regional cooperation between Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia Pacific. The first section provides an overview of regionalism and how it evolved as a strategy to manage regional externalities. The second section provides a background on Asian regionalism and the factors for its success. The third section deals with prospects for inter-regional cooperation. The fourth section provides the conclusion and some recommendations to enhance partnership between the two regions. This paper was presented at the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 5th Annual Meeting held in Singapore on July 15th, 2009.

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Cuello, Hugo, Alex Glennie i Nyangala Zolho. Innovation Agencies in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Characterization of the RELAI Network. Inter-American Development Bank, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004574.

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This report considers the ways in which innovation agencies are currently operating across Latin America and the Caribbean. The analysis is focused on the Latin American Network of Innovation Agencies (RELAI), which is an association that brings together the main national and regional innovation agencies in the region. Although this is a study of the institutions that are members of RELAI, the insights and recommendations are intended to be useful to other innovation agencies across the region and worldwide. This research revealed six key factors that are significant in shaping an innovation agency's role in its system: harmonized ecosystem, institutional safeguards, learning culture, autonomy and influence, skills and talent, and networks and reach. This report considers each factor, offering a general framework to help agencies assess where they are in relation to each area and suggesting ideas for action to support the development of agency capabilities and preparedness for future challenges.

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Machinea, José Luis. Trade and Productive Policies: A Latin American and Caribbean Perpective. Inter-American Development Bank, listopad 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006847.

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This presentation discusses trade and production in Latin America and the Caribbean. Included is a discussion of export dynamics and patterns of integration as well as productive development policies. This presentation was presented at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina on November 28th-29th, 2005.

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Balza, Lenin, Nicolás Gómez Parra, Jorge Cuartas i Tomás Serebrisky. Infrastructure Services and Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Water, Sanitation, and Garbage Collection. Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012998.

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Access to essential infrastructure services such as water, sanitation, and garbage collection can considerably affect children's environment and may play a significant role in shaping early childhood developmental and health outcomes. Using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 18 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), we show a significant positive association between access to water and sanitation and early childhood development, as well as reduced instances of stunting. In addition, we identify a negative association between access to improved garbage collection services and the rates of stunting and underweight among children under five. Our findings are robust after using alternative measures for access and controlling for individual, maternal, and household factors, alongside considerations of household wealth and caregiver's stimulation activities. Similarly, the economic relevance of the relationship is highlighted by the substantial gap relative to the size of the vulnerable groups, persisting even after adjusting for confounding variables. Our results also suggest that households may be able to lessen the potential impact of pollutants through mitigation measures such as treating water to make it safe for consumption, using handwashing cleansers, and storing household trash in lidded containers. The current findings underscore the importance of investing in basic infrastructure services as a critical component of comprehensive strategies to enhance early childhood development and health in low- and middle-income countries. We emphasize the importance of considering the quality and type of infrastructure services alongside their availability. Future research should incorporate more complete and detailed data to improve understanding of the causal relationship between water, sanitation, and garbage collection and early childhood development, as well as the mechanisms underlying the observed associations.

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