Artykuły w czasopismach: „Play grounds”

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Kranes, David. "Play grounds". Journal of Gambling Studies 11, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02283207.

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Rettler, Bradley. "Grounds and ‘Grounds’". Canadian Journal of Philosophy 47, nr 5 (2017): 631–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2017.1282306.

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AbstractIn this paper, I offer a new theory of grounding. The theory has is that grounding is a job description that is realized by different properties in different contexts. Those properties play the grounding role contingently, and grounding is the property that plays the grounding role essentially. On this theory, grounding is monistic, but ‘grounding’ refers to different relations in different contexts. First, I argue against Kit Fine’s monist univocalism. Next, I argue against Jessica Wilson’s pluralist multivocalism. Finally, I introduce monist multivocalism, explicate three versions of it, and show its advantages.

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Mantei, Meighan. "Changing the Grounds of Play". Canadian Journal of Children's Rights / Revue canadienne des droits des enfants 7, nr 1 (6.11.2020): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjcr.v7i1.2650.

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Through a rights based framework that recognizes and advocates for children’s right to play at school, this paper will show how the students, staff and community of Kitchener elementary school created their playground revitalization project to rethink and restructure their school yard in an educational, innovative, sustainable, and culturally responsive way. Throughout the paper I will argue that the development of a natural outdoor space, grounded in Indigenous knowledge, helped the students and their community nurture a sense of place. Further, I will show how in an area filled with poverty and violence, creating an outdoor space, grounded in local knowledge, supported the community in reclaiming a positive identity. Finally, I will discuss that along with establishing a community gathering space, as the walls of the school were expanded into the outdoors, the teachers and students were given the opportunity to use the natural environment as a vehicle for learning.

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Zeece, Pauline Davey, i Susan K. Graul. "Grounds for play: Sound, safe, and sensational". Day Care & Early Education 20, nr 4 (czerwiec 1993): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01617784.

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Claus, Peter J., i Kathryn Hansen. "Grounds for Play: The Nauṭaṅkī Theatre of North India". Asian Folklore Studies 54, nr 1 (1995): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178242.

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Lutgendorf, Philip, i Kathryn Hansen. "Grounds for Play: The Nauṭaṅkī Theatre of North India". Asian Theatre Journal 10, nr 2 (1993): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1124184.

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Korom, Frank J., i Kathryn Hansen. "Grounds for Play: The Nautanki Theatre of North India". Ethnomusicology 39, nr 2 (1995): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/924432.

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Ross, David. "Ambiguity and possibility: Cognitive and educational grounds for play". International Journal of Play 2, nr 1 (kwiecień 2013): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2013.771604.

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Waxer, Lise, Peter Manuel i Kathryn Hansen. "Grounds for Play: The Nauntaki Theatre of North India". Asian Music 25, nr 1/2 (1993): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/834208.

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Marouf, Noura, Suhana Johar, Adi Irfan Che-Ani i Norngainy Mohd Tawil. "Examining School Grounds as a Place for Children’s Physical Activity Performance in Tehran". Modern Applied Science 9, nr 11 (30.09.2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n11p109.

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Children need to play outdoors to develop socially, emotionally, cognitively, and physically. Outdoor play opportunities have the potential to promote physical and mental health throughout the life of children. Outdoor play has been acknowledged as a primary right for children; therefore there is a need to create spaces, where children can go and play spontaneously every day. Regarding to where the outdoor play of children takes place is significant; school grounds, as a place for children to learn and promote their health, could be assumed as a key setting that enhances and contributes to outdoor play guidelines. It requires making awareness and evaluation of current school grounds referring to outdoor play requirements. Four school grounds were selected as case studies in Tehran to be evaluated by School Environmental Audit Tool (SEAT). The survey shows a lack of proper consideration in the design and maintenance in the current situation of these important sites for children. At the end, some recommendations were proposed in order to outdoor play provision in accordance to current school grounds of Tehran.

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Tyrie, J., S. Sarwar, S. Dumitrscu, M. Mannello, C. Haughton, C. Ellis i M. Connolly. "Power, rights and play: control of play in school grounds, an action research project from Wales". Education 3-13 47, nr 6 (5.09.2018): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2018.1515968.

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Subhani, Muhammad Imtiaz. "Distance Matters: Evidence from the Game of Cricket". Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 3, nr 6 (15.12.2011): 360–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v3i6.291.

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Playing at home ground gives advantage to the home side always, though the strength of the teams also plays a major role in the eventual outcome of a given match. It is observed that India is remarkable when it plays at home; however, it becomes quite an ordinary side when it plays at opponentsâ€™ home ground. Meanwhile, Australia, which has been the most consistent team for several decades played well both at home and away. After studying the 50-years data of home and away matches for all major cricket playing teams via split technique, it was found that the teams won their matches more, when they play at their home grounds, while playing at opponentâ€™s home-ground may snatch away the victory from them.

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Mårtensson, Fredrika, Märit Jansson, Maria Johansson, Anders Raustorp, Maria Kylin i Cecilia Boldemann. "The role of greenery for physical activity play at school grounds". Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 13, nr 1 (2014): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2013.10.003.

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Archer, Alfred, i Martine Prange. "‘Equal play, equal pay’: moral grounds for equal pay in football". Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 46, nr 3 (30.05.2019): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2019.1622125.

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Kim, Hyun-Nam. "Aesthetic grounds of J. Ranciere found in Play by A. Ekman". Sports Science 39, nr 2 (31.08.2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46394/iss.39.2.15.

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Gleason, William. "Grounds for Fun: The Place of Play in 19th-Century American Culture". Nineteenth-Century Contexts 35, nr 5 (grudzień 2013): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2013.854975.

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Jensen, Henrik, Anna Rindorf, Peter J. Wright i Henrik Mosegaard. "Inferring the location and scale of mixing between habitat areas of lesser sandeel through information from the fishery". ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, nr 1 (30.10.2010): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq154.

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Abstract Jensen, H., Rindorf, A., Wright, P. J., and Mosegaard, H. 2011. Inferring the location and scale of mixing between habitat areas of lesser sandeel through information from the fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 43–51. Sandeels are small pelagic fish that play an important role in the diet of a range of natural predators. Because of their limited capture by traditional survey gear, little is known about their large-scale distribution or the degree of mixing between habitat areas. Detailed information collected directly from the fishery was used to map fishing grounds, which were then assumed to reflect the foraging habitat of the species. Length distributions from individual hauls were used to assess differences in the distributions as a function of distance between samples. Sandeel foraging habitat covered some 5% of the total area of the North Sea. Mixing between neighbouring fishing grounds was too low to eliminate differences in length distributions at distances between grounds down to 5 km. Within fishing grounds, mixing was sufficient to eliminate differences in length distributions at scales <28 km but insufficient at greater distances. The lack of mixing between grounds may result in large differences in sandeel abundance among adjacent fishing grounds. Further, notable abundance at one end of an extensive fishing ground is not necessarily indicative of similar abundance at its other end.

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Jákli, Eszter. "Environmental educational potentials on school grounds in Budapest". Landscape & Environment 12, nr 1 (31.12.2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21120/le/12/1/3.

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As nature and greenspaces in urban areas are agreed to enhance children’s appreciation towards natureand so the purposes of environmental education, it is of high importance to create spaces in and aroundschools that allow students to connect to nature on a daily basis. The aim of the study was to analysefunctions and other components supporting environmental education appear in the open spaces ofschool grounds in Budapest, and to understand the main characteristics of school grounds with thehighest potential in environmental education. The study points out that the presence of environmentaleducational functions often depends on the size, urban context and location of the school grounds,however the curriculum of the school does not necessarily influence its open spaces, while the presenceof motivated and engaged teachers does. The study reveals environmental educational functions doexist in school grounds of primary schools in Budapest, however they play only secondary role behindactive movement and play functions. The schools with the best potentials in environmental educationare without doubt the ones situated on large plots in the suburban zone, mostly with a high proportionof green spaces in and around the school grounds.

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Carral Couce, Luis, Juan Carral Couce, Javier Tarrío-Saavedra i José A. Fraguela Formoso. "Net winch design in trawlers, influence of vessel size and fishing ground". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, nr 1 (1.08.2017): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090217718923.

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With mid-depth trawling techniques, the number of fishing grounds available increases. In turn, the vessel can have a greater workload, as it has to control and direct its activity towards different species depending on the use of mid- or deep-sea equipment. However, specific equipment for each depth has to be used and this equipment influences the fishing manoeuvre. A new piece of auxiliary equipment comes into play to haul and store the net: the net winch. The aim of this study is to determine the most suitable net winch for each of the various vessels, fishing grounds and fishing modalities of the Spanish trawling fishing fleet. For each fishing ground, vessel size and target species, a relationship will be established with the net winch design parameters: fishing reel capacity, traction and operation speed.

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Wang, Dongliang, Lijun Yao, Jing Yu, Pimao Chen i Ruirui Hu. "Response to Environmental Factors of Spawning Ground in the Pearl River Estuary, China". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, nr 7 (12.07.2021): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070763.

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Spawning grounds are important areas for fish survival and reproduction, and play a key role in the supplement of fishery resources. This study investigated environmental effects on the spatiotemporal variability of spawning ground in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China, using the generalized additive model (GAM), based on satellite remote sensing (sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), sea surface salinity (SSS), depth), and in situ observations. Results showed that 39.8% of the total variation in fish egg density was explained by these factors. Among them, the most important factor was SST, accounting for 14.3%, followed by Depth, SSS, and Chl-a, with contributions of 9.7%, 8.5%, and 7.3%, respectively. Spawning grounds in the PRE were mainly distributed in the waters with SST of 22 °C, depth of 30–50 m, SSS of 16–35 ‰, and Chl-a of 6–15 mg/m3. From spring to summer, the spawning ground moved from the outlet of the PRE to the east. The distribution of the spawning ground in the PRE was mainly affected by the Pearl River Plume (PRP), Guangdong Coastal Current (GCC), and monsoons in this area.

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Nielsen, Glen, Anna Bugge, Bianca Hermansen, Jesper Svensson i Lars Bo Andersen. "School Playground Facilities as a Determinant of Children’s Daily Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Danish Primary School Children". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2012): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.9.1.104.

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Background:This study investigates the influence of school playground facilities on children’s daily physical activity.Methods:Participants were 594 school children measured at preschool (age 6 to 7 years) and 3 years later in third grade (518 children age 9 to 10 years) from 18 schools in 2 suburban municipalities in Denmark. Physical activity data were obtained using accelerometers. These were related to the number of permanent play facilities in school grounds and the school playground area (m2).Results:The number of play facilities in the school grounds was positively associated with all measures of children’s activity. In preschool every 10 additional play facilities the children had access to was associated with an increase in the average accelerometer counts of 14% (r = .273, P < .001) in school time and 6.9% (r = .195, P < .001) overall. For the children in third grade, access to 10 additional play facilities was associated with an increase in school time activity level of 26% (r = .364, P < .001) and an increase in overall activity level of 9.4% (r = .211, P < .001). School playground area did not affect activity levels independently of the number of permanent play facilities.Conclusion:Increasing the number of play facilities in primary school playgrounds may increase the level of children’s daily physical activity.

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Janoušek, Vojtěch, i Jean-François Moyen. "Whole-rock geochemical modelling of granite genesis: the current state of play". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 491, nr 1 (6.02.2019): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp491-2018-160.

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AbstractWhole-rock geochemistry represents a powerful tool in deciphering petrogenesis of magmatic suites, including granitoids, which can be used to formulate and test hypotheses qualitatively and often also quantitatively. Typically, it can rule out impossible/improbable scenarios and further constrain the process inferred on geological and petrological grounds. With the current explosion of high-precision data, both newly acquired and retrieved from extensive databases, the whole-rock geochemistry-based petrogenetic modelling of igneous rocks will gain further importance. Especially promising is its combination with thermodynamic modelling into a single, coherent and comprehensive software, using the R and Python languages.

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Cronin, Michael. "Keeping One’s Distance: Translation and the Play of Possibility". TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 8, nr 2 (23.02.2007): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037225ar.

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Abstract Keeping one's distance: Translation and the play of possibility – This article proposes a ludic theorisation of translation examining the implications of the concept of play for translation theory and translation pedagogy. The equation of play with a simulative mode of action points to the centrality of mechanisms of identification and projection in the translation interpreting classroom. The shift from the pre-operational to the operational level of logic and the metacommunicative and metalinguistic dimensions to play and translation demonstrate the cognitive importance of the latter, in intellectual development and the elaboration of identity. Play, metaphor and translation are linked through the concept of bisociative thinking which grounds the essential creativity of translation and its capacity for discovery. The paradoxical nature of translation and play are considered both in relation to the cognitive possibilities of translation and its contribution to aesthetic renewal. The use of a tripartite division of ludic text types in translator education and the potential of limits are further evidence for the significance of the ludic dimension to translation.

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Undiyaundeye, Florence. "Outdoor Play Environment in Early Childhood for Children". European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, nr 1 (1.05.2014): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p14-17.

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Every adult is aware that children enjoy playing. Even before a child is able to grasp an object, bright coloured toys are suspended in a crib or held for him to enjoy. Once the child is able to crawl, stand and walk, the opportunity to explore the environment and play are expanded. Through rich educational programmes young children can demonstrate effective learning and significant development. This even has been developed to explore ways to create an outstanding environment for children under three years. It will examine ways to achieve consistent high standards across education programmes through creating rich, varied and imaginative experiences for children. Outdoor play environment offers the children much needed exercise, sunshine and the opportunity to practice motor skills in a different setting. Through a supportive outdoor play environment, the children are exposed to best support for children's emotional, social, physical development and ways of acquiring communicative and language skills so that they are exceptionally well equipped for school and next steps in their learning. A combination of inspiring and motivated exciting environment provides the child with the grounds for learning through play and experience and a different type of freedom and confidence in exploration of nature and habitat.

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Rosen, Rachel. "The use of the death trope in peer culture play: grounds for rethinking children and childhood?" International Journal of Play 4, nr 2 (4.05.2015): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2015.1060568.

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Satta, Caterina. "Simply child’s play? Reconfiguring child-adult relations in a leisure place for children". Poiésis - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação 4, nr 8 (30.12.2011): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/prppge.v4e82011252-270.

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This article describes an ethnographic study exploring children’s everyday life in a leisure place for children led by a small group of play-assistants. In particular it focuses on child-adult relations within this place and aims to discover, through the observation of play activities, the grounds of this relation. Findings suggest that the relation between adults and children is always performed within an educational framework, where the adult knows better than the child what is best for him/her. Based on the main assumptions of the sociology of childhood and of the cultural studies pertaining to this field, the proposal aims to interpret child-adult relations as an intercultural relation rather than an educative one.

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Fitzpatrick, Caroline, Stephanie Alexander, Melanie Henderson i Tracie A. Barnett. "Prospective Associations Between Play Environments and Pediatric Obesity". American Journal of Health Promotion 33, nr 4 (24.10.2018): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118807211.

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Purpose: To identify school typologies based on the availability of play equipment and installations. We also examined the associations between availability of play items and child adiposity. Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data. Setting: Elementary schools in Montreal, Canada. Participants: We used data from the Quebec Adipose and Lifestyle Investigation in Youth study (QUALITY), an ongoing investigation of the natural history of obesity and type 2 diabetes in Quebec children of Caucasian descent. Measures: The presence of play items was assessed in each child’s school. A trained nurse directly assessed child anthropometric measurements to derive body mass index and waist circumference. Body fat composition was measured using DEXA Prodigy Bone Densitometer System. Analyses: The final analytic sample comprised 512 students clustered in 296 schools (81% response). We used K-cluster analyses to identify school typologies based on the variety of play items on school grounds. Generalized estimation equations were used to estimate associations between school clusters and outcomes. Results: We identified 4 distinct school typologies. Children in schools with the most varied indoor play environments had lower overall body fat, B = −1.26 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], −2.28 to −0.24 cm), and smaller waist circumference, B = −4.42 cm (95% CI, −7.88 to −0.96 cm), compared to children with the least varied indoor play environment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that policies regulating the availability of play items in schools may enrich comprehensive school-based obesity prevention strategies. Extending research in this area to diverse populations is warranted.

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Kott, Jan, i Charles Marowitz. "The Kott-Marowitz Dialogues: ‘Measure for Measure’". New Theatre Quarterly 10, nr 38 (maj 1994): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00000312.

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Although included among the comedies in the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays, Measure for Measure long found itself disapproved on grounds of moral impropriety, and was restored to critical favour only to enjoy the dubious dignity of becoming a ‘problem’ play – which left open the question of whether the ‘problem’ was Shakespeare's, as man or craftsman, his society's, or perhaps even our own. In the theatre, too, the pendulum has swung from the easy contempt of the recent ‘permissive’ past for the value placed by Isabella upon her virginity to the renewed respect of feminist critics for her right to control her own body. Still, her silence in response to the Duke's marriage proposal permits actors and directors to make their own climactic meaning. Jan Kott's essay on the play, ‘Head for Maidenhead, Maidenhead for Head’, first appeared in the old Theatre Quarterly, and was subsequently reprinted in his The Gender of Rosalind. Here, Kott reconsiders the play, in discussion with Charles Marowitz, who has himself directed Measure for Measure, and also written about it in his Recycling Shakespeare (1991).

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Joseph An, Christopher. "On Learning, Playfulness, and Becoming Human". Philosophy 93, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): 3–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819117000547.

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AbstractThis essay aims to develop the so-called ‘transformational view’ of human development (advocated by McDowell and Bakhurst) by advancing a play-based model of learning. I first consider challenges to this view posed by Luntley and Rödl who argue that the learning encounter must presuppose some rational faculty already present in the prelinguistic child. Rödl in particular considers joint attentional episodes in which child and adult attend to objects in their environment together as signifying a uniquely rational consciousness active in the human child. I however argue on phenomenological grounds that this intellectualist treatment is implausible and unconvincing. I propose a play-centered treatment (inspired primarily from Huizinga) that is more sensitive to the life of the child. This perspective of play I maintain scaffolds a shared normative space which enables self-conscious, responsive, and intelligible thought and action. This account motivates what I call a participatory play model of learning which is constitutively non-intellectual but is nonetheless intelligent. It is non-intellectual because it emphasizes building co-reactive relationships and participation in shared cultural practices. But it is also intelligent because it makes possible a distinctively human mode of understanding grounded on an interactive, relational, and imaginatively reflexive engagement with the world.

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Mardiana, Nur Shela. "Pengaruh Pola Asuh Otoriter Orang Tua terhadap Interaksi Anak Usia Dini". Pedagogi: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 20, nr 1 (30.04.2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/pedagogi.v20i1.801.

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This problem is motivated by children who are always forbidden to play with their peers outside the home on the grounds that parents are afraid of children addicted to play and become lazy to learn, this is very contrary to early childhood education, because the child's world should be a world of play. Parents will definitely provide the best parenting for their children, and parents have their own parenting, including authoritarian parenting. This authoritarian parenting style of parents will usually rule with all the lives of children and do not give children to choose what they want to do, including in children's social interactions, parents will forbid children to play for all reasons. That way the child will have a personality that can the child unable to interact with the surrounding environment.

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Varvai, Akbar, Hemat Mohamadi i Ayyoub Nourian. "Non-Governmental Organizations Participation in Criminal Processes". Journal of Politics and Law 9, nr 9 (30.10.2016): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n9p110.

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Despite their long-time physical presence in our country (Iran), non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have not been taken seriously by the government and public institutions, and play no effective role in criminal proceedings. An innovative by 2013 criminal procedure code is to realize doctrine of participatory criminal policy through NGOs participation in criminal proceedings, which has been provided for by legislator in Article 66 of mentioned code which was amended suddenly within a few days prior to being approved to come into effect on the basis of an interesting decision and which degraded NGOs’ right to litigate into the limit of that of indictors and viewers at proceedings.During proceedings, NGOs play the role of indictors and viewers, regardless of the lack of legal, cultural and social grounds necessary for them to take an active part in criminal proceedings in our country; and, in effect, they face such limitations and ambiguities as criteria of the recognition of their qualifications to do so (Article 66, provision 3). In addition, it is not clear how to develop NGOs’ participation in criminal proceedings and how to monitor their activities. Present study is intended to examine grounds of and barriers to NGO’s activity in criminal proceedings and to address vital roles they can play in the crime prevention and their involvement with criminal proceedings.

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Goodwin, Robert E. "Paradise in a Prison Cell: the Yaugandharāyaṇa Plays of Bhāsa". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 3, nr 1 (kwiecień 1993): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300003679.

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It takes a determined sceptic to doubt the attribution of the Svapnavoāsavadatta (SV) to Bhāsa, a playwright Kālidāsa himself named as so favoured in his time that the younger generation of nāṭyakāras had a difficult time getting a hearing. After sifting through the evidence, the most likely conclusion is that the play we have of that name (or a variant), first discovered for Indology by T. Ganapati Sastri in 1909, is a somewhat shorter version of the play known to Śāradātanaya, Rāmacandra and Guṇacandra, Sāgaranandin, Abhinavagupta, Bhoja, and others. And one can scarcely admit the genuineness of SV without accepting the Pratijñayaugandharāyaṇa (PY): the two are perfectly complementary in plot, theme, treatment, and style. But even if we could not locate these two plays among the earliest extant of the whole Sanskrit corpus, we would be justified on aesthetic and thematic grounds in including them in any study of the key works of Sanskrit poetry. The plays are simple, yet charming and sophisticated, and more genuinely dramatic – giving us a more complicated sense of conflicting human interests (especially SV) – than any play except the Mudrārākṣasa (MR) of Viśākhadatta, who, however, completely lacks Bhāsa's lightness of touch. The two plays provide a thematic bridge between Kālidāsa and Viśākhadatta, combining the latter's resolute focus on sentiment-negating political demands (artha, utsāha) with the former's luxuriating treatment of the inner world of erotic emotion (kāma, śrṅgāra).

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Guidry, John. "Trial By Space: The Spatial Politcs Of Citizenship And Social Movements In Urban Brazil". Mobilization: An International Quarterly 8, nr 2 (1.06.2003): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.8.2.6128n139714178p2.

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This article compares two social movements in Brazil to demonstrate how movements ground citizenship claims in the spaces of everyday life. It draws on Henri Lefebvre's concept of "trial by space," showing how movements contest the way that constitutionally guaranteed citizenship rights are limited in the spaces where people live, work, and play. First, the neighborhood movement of Aurá, a poor community in Belém's periphery, grounds its citizenship claims in demands for urban services that are commonly found in wealthier neighborhoods of the city center. Second, the movement for children's and adolescents' rights—in Belém and nationally—mobilizes around the implementation of the national Statute of the Child and Adolescent. It seeks just treatment of youths through equalization of citizenship rights and practices across the dispersed spaces of the street and house.

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Thornton, Christina M., Kelli L. Cain, Terry L. Conway, Jacqueline Kerr, Brian E. Saelens, Lawrence D. Frank, Karen Glanz i James F. Sallis. "Relation of Adolescents’ Physical Activity to After-School Recreation Environment". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, nr 5 (maj 2017): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0365.

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Background:The after-school period provides an opportune context for adolescent physical activity. This study examined how characteristics of after-school recreation environments related to adolescent physical activity.Methods:Participants were 889 adolescents aged 12 to 17 (mean = 14.1, SD = 1.4) from 2 US regions. Adolescents reported on whether their school offered after-school supervised physical activity, access to play areas/fields, and presence of sports facilities. Outcomes were accelerometer-measured after-school physical activity, reported physical activity on school grounds during nonschool hours, attainment of 60 minutes of daily physical activity excluding school physical education, and BMI-for-age z-score. Mixed regression models adjusted for study design, region, sex, age, ethnicity, vehicles/licensed drivers in household, and distance to school.Results:School environment variables were all significantly associated with self-reported physical activity on school grounds during non-school hours (P < .001) and attainment of 60 minutes of daily physical activity (P < .05). Adolescents’ accelerometer-measured after-school physical activity was most strongly associated with access to supervised physical activity (P = .008).Conclusions:Policies and programs that provide supervised after-school physical activity and access to play areas, fields, and sports facilities may help adolescents achieve daily physical activity recommendations.

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Levin, Shlomo. "Comments on a Reform of the Rules of Civil Procedure". Israel Law Review 24, nr 3-4 (1990): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700010220.

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The central proposals of the Advisory Committee on Civil Procedure cover five areas: the use of affidavits in the support of pleas; witness lists; document lists; alternative pleas; and a redefinition of causes of action. I have reservations about the Committee's proposals both on grounds of principle and on specific grounds.(a) The committee's proposals assume that a substantial number of the judicial system's deficiencies are a result of faulty rules of civil procedure. These faults allow litigants to play games of “hide-and-seek” and to conceal the truth, and they hinder an examination of the issues actually in dispute. The committee's approach is a very naive one; in reality, efficient judges who make proper use of the existing rules have no difficulty in conducting a proper hearing of the disputes brought before them.

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Plug, H. José. "Challenging judicial impartiality". Journal of Argumentation in Context 8, nr 2 (25.09.2019): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jaic.17026.plu.

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Abstract Impartiality is one of the core values underlying the administration of justice. A complaint about a judge’s supposed lack of impartiality may be filed on the grounds of the judge’s verbal behavior. In this article I will analyze complaints that concern the judge’s use of rhetorical questions during court hearings. I will explore what role these complaints may play in the strategic maneuvering of a party who seeks the judge’s disqualification.

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Nitsevich, Viсtor. "Subjective grounds for expanding the powers of the President of the Russian Federation". Eastern Review 9 (30.12.2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.09.04.

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The article is devoted to a little-studied side of authority, in particular the authorities of the President of Russia. Exploring the constitutional scope of power, we can say that the President of Russia has a sufficiently large amount of power, backed up by the legal provisions of the Constitution. However, in practice, it has turned out that not only their influence but the power of the President has a wider scope. First of all, the article notes the subjective grounds and mechanisms of power over the chairman of the government and the terms of his appointment. In this case, the key role is played by the political party United Russia, which was created by the President, although the President is outside the party system of Russia. A substantial expansion of the power of the President occurred as a result of the creation of federal districts and the formation of an institution of plenipotentiaries. The rationale is given that the change of legal norms for the election of governors, where the President plays the main role in nominating candidacy, and the procedure for registering them is entirely determined by the United Russia political party under his control, ultimately expanded the scope of authority of the President. In disclosing the subjective grounds for expanding the power of the President of the Russian Federation, so-called “approvals” of candidacy for various senior positions of state and municipal service, as well as of the security and control bodies play a part. The rating of the President was a massive subjective basis that allowed him to expand the scope of his power. The study of public confidence in the President allowed one to see the dependence of the expansion of his power on the level of his support by citizens of the Russian Federation.

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Foley, Helene P. "Tragedy and politics in aristophanes' Acharnians". Journal of Hellenic Studies 108 (listopad 1988): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/632629.

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Aristophanes’ second play, Babylonians, included an attack on state offices and politicians and, probably, the city's treatment of its allies. According to the scholia of Acharnians, the play provoked Cleon to indict Aristophanes (or the play's producer Callistratus) for άδικία and ύβρις towards the δῆμος and the βοuλη on the grounds that he treasonably embarrassed the city before strangers at the City Dionysia. Cleon may also have questioned Aristophanes’ citizenship, suggesting that the poet (or Callistratus) was really a native Aiginetan, not a true Athenian. Aristophanes returned fire at the Lenaia of 425 with Acharnians, a play that renews Babylonians’ attack on Athens’ misguided politics and politicians. Even more important, by making a separate peace with Sparta and by offering in his speech of self-defense before the chorus to defend the enemy, the comic hero Dikaiopolis commits ‘crimes’ equivalent to those for which Aristophanes was indicted.

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Ayers, Keller Delores. "The Playing Ground of Childhood: Boyhood Battles in Américo Paredes', George Washington Gómez". Ethnic Studies Review 25, nr 1 (1.01.2002): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2002.25.1.38.

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Although playing is generally viewed as a childhood universal—an expected and somewhat innocuous part of children's lives—Chicano writers often particularize play's universality by constructing the diverse grounds of childhood play as sites that encapsulate conflicting subject positions. Among the Chicano texts in which playing shares this complexity as a critical locus for the child protagonist is Américo Paredes' George Washington Gómez. Paredes employs narratives of childhood play in a dialectical pattern that elucidates his protagonist's inner and outer conflicts and that also evokes Ramón Saldívar's theory of Chicano literature. While Guálinto Gomez's playworlds reflect both the violence and discrimination that surround him in the real world and highlight his struggles with his dual American and Mexican identity, Paredes provides no synthesis for his protagonist's dialectical dilemma of doubleness.

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Garrigue, Claire, Phillip J. Clapham, Ygor Geyer, Amy S. Kennedy i Alexandre N. Zerbini. "Satellite tracking reveals novel migratory patterns and the importance of seamounts for endangered South Pacific humpback whales". Royal Society Open Science 2, nr 11 (listopad 2015): 150489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150489.

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The humpback whale population of New Caledonia appears to display a novel migratory pattern characterized by multiple directions, long migratory paths and frequent pauses over seamounts and other shallow geographical features. Using satellite-monitored radio tags, we tracked 34 whales for between 5 and 110 days, travelling between 270 and 8540 km on their southward migration from a breeding ground in southern New Caledonia. Mean migration speed was 3.53±2.22 km h −1 , while movements within the breeding ground averaged 2.01±1.63 km h −1 . The tag data demonstrate that seamounts play an important role as offshore habitats for this species. Whales displayed an intensive use of oceanic seamounts both in the breeding season and on migration. Seamounts probably serve multiple and important roles as breeding locations, resting areas, navigational landmarks or even supplemental feeding grounds for this species, which can be viewed as a transient component of the seamount communities. Satellite telemetry suggests that seamounts represent an overlooked cryptic habitat for the species. The frequent use by humpback whales of such remote locations has important implications for conservation and management.

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De Witte, Bruno. "The Relative Autonomy of the European Union’s Fundamental Rights Regime". Nordic Journal of International Law 88, nr 1 (11.03.2019): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08810004.

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The concept of the autonomy of European Union law plays an important role in the fundamental rights domain. Autonomy has been expressly invoked by the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu) when reviewing international legal norms on human rights grounds, and when denying the possibility for the eu to accede to the European Court of Human Rights (echr). The article also describes other constellations in which the cjeu has sought to preserve the distinctiveness of the eu’s approach to the protection of rights but without resorting to the use of autonomy language. The article concludes by advocating a positive rather than merely defensive use of autonomy, namely to describe the distinctive role that eu human rights policies can play in ensuring the effective enjoyment of human rights in the world.

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Hildebrand, J., G. Zalesny, A. Okulewicz i K. Baszkiewicz. "Preliminary studies on the zoonotic importance of rodents as a reservoir of toxocariasis from recreation grounds in Wroclaw (Poland)". Helminthologia 46, nr 2 (1.06.2009): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11687-009-0016-9.

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AbstractDue to their specific biology and behaviour, rodents could play a role as an intermediate, definitive or paratenic host for many helminth species, as well as for species of zoonotic significance such as Toxocara spp. or Echinococcus multilocularis. The aim of our preliminary study was to investigate the nematode fauna of rodents collected from recreation grounds located in the vicinity of Wroclaw, and to determine their role in the transmission of toxocariasis in this area. During a one-year period, 90 individuals belonging to three rodent species, i.e. Apodemus agrarius, A. flavicollis and Myodes glareolus, were collected. The overall prevalence of infection with nematodes amounted to 63.33 ± 10.15 % and differed between hosts. Toxocara spp. larvae were located in livers and brains of A. agrarius (12.9 %). Our results indicate a role of rodents in the circulation of toxocariasis in sub-urban areas, which serve as recreation grounds for the city of Wroclaw.

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Mann, Stefan. "Occupational choices in art and agriculture – a mixed-method web scraping approach". International Journal of Social Economics 48, nr 5 (8.03.2021): 748–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2019-0721.

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PurposeEmpirical studies on occupational choice have typically concentrated on a specific sector. The purpose of this study is to compare two sectors wherein there are grounds to hypothesise that lifestyle reasons play a key role for occupational choice.Design/methodology/approachArguing that the potential for qualitative web scraping is still underused, the hypothesis is tested through qualitative web scraping for occupational choices.FindingsIt is shown that incomes for farmers are both documented in a better way and higher than in arts. The central roles played by farmers in the provision of basic needs and in powerful value chains are possible reasons for this difference. As a common factor between the sectors, two-thirds of both farmers and artists choose their profession for reasons of self-realisation or societal motives.Originality/valueThis study is the first to show both common grounds and differences in occupational choices of two different sectors.

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Kolluoğlu-Kırlı, Biray. "The Play of Memory, Counter-Memory: Building İzmir on Smyrna’s Ashes". New Perspectives on Turkey 26 (2002): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600003691.

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Were the relationships between streets, homes, and groups inhabiting them wholly accidental and of short duration, then men might tear down their homes, district, and city, only to rebuild another on the same site according to a different set of plans. But even if stones are moveable, relationships established between stones and men are not so easily altered.(Halbwachs 1980, p. 133)As you approach contemporary İzmir from the bay, the city that lies ahead of you invokes images of a fortress city. It is enveloped by an unbroken concrete wall made up of tall apartment buildings, one morphing into the other, only to be interrupted by narrow streets. Republic Square, located at the very tip of the bay, resembles a gate to this immense fortress. If you walk half a kilometer eastward through this opening, you will arrive at a large green space at the heart of the city, quite unusual for, modern cities in Turkey. This is the Kültürpark, where İzmirians go to jog, play tennis, have their wedding ceremonies, take their children to play, and watch theatrical and musical performances. Its trees and flower gardens infuse life in a city that has fallen prey to the invasion of concrete as a result of unplanned over-urbanization. Toward the end of each summer, the park becomes even livelier with the opening of the annual Izmir International Fair on the grounds. The Fair attracts some four million visitors every year, and even though the majority are İzmirians, people from other parts of Turkey also flock to İzmir to view the pavilions of Japan, China, U.S.A., and England, as well as those showcasing Turkey’s national firms (Fuar Kataloğu 2000).

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Fulkerson, Laurel. "Neoptolemus grows up? ‘Moral development' and the interpretation of Sophocles’Philoctetes". Cambridge Classical Journal 52 (2006): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500000464.

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Sophocles'Philoctetes, first performed in 409 BCE, is a complex play, engaging with a number of issues that have guaranteed it a great deal of attention through the ages. Among other things, from what we know about the Aeschylean and Euripidean versions, Sophocles offers a far more dynamic work than either of the other two playwrights, involving many plot twists, false resolutions, and, all-but uniquely, a character who seems to grow up in the course of the play. Although Philoctetes is generally considered the key figure of the play, as it revolves around his willingness to use his bow in the service of his enemies, Neoptolemus too is of great interest to many (modern) readers, as it is in him that we see the clearest case in extant tragedy of a decision rethought on moral grounds; Neoptolemus' struggle may well render him one of the most compelling characters in Greek tragedy (Reinhardt (1979) 166; cf. Gill (1996) 1–18).

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Binney, James. "Probing Non-Axisymmetry with Proper Motions". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 166 (1995): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900228131.

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The potential of the Milky Way is almost certainly not axisymmetric: the centre is believed to be dominated by a bar, and beyond the solar radius some non-axisymmetric feature of the potential appears to warp the disk. There are grounds for believing that the outer potential is mildly elliptical. Sub mas yr–1 proper motions of objects that lie near the plane several kiloparsecs from the Sun would play a crucial role in refining our understanding of these non-axisymmetries.

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Hawthorne, Kevin. "Political Discourses at the End of Sophokles' Philoktetes". Classical Antiquity 25, nr 2 (1.10.2006): 243–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2006.25.2.243.

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Abstract Sophokles' Philoktetes is a response to the oligarchic takeover and restoration of democracy in Athens in 411––10 BC. The play explores the grounds, strengths, and weaknesses of democratic discourse, and measures it against alternatives. The final agon between Neoptolemos and Philoktetes defines a model of legitimate persuasion (logos) that can replace Odysseus' sophistic and oligarchic modes of interacting with others. The deus ex machina, in turn, brings in an authoritative aristocratic discourse (muthos) that is superior even to democratic deliberation.

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O'Hara, Patrick D., Guillermo Fernández, Ben Haase, Horacio de la Cueva i David B. Lank. "Differential Migration in Western Sandpipers with Respect to Body Size and Wing Length". Condor 108, nr 1 (1.02.2006): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.1.225.

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Abstract We examined differential migration in the Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) with respect to body size and wing chord allometry within sex and age categories. Culmen and wing chord data were collected as indices of structural body size at three sites that vary latitudinally: Ecuador, Panama, and Mexico. Within all sex and age categories, larger individuals (i.e., those with longer culmens and wing chords) and those with a disproportionately longer wing chord relative to the culmen migrated farther south. Our results, coupled with known molting schedules, indicate that i) immature sandpipers that grow disproportionately longer primary feathers on breeding grounds migrate farther during their first southward migration, and ii) adults that fly farther grow disproportionately longer primary feathers on the nonbreeding grounds. Although no single-factor hypothesis accounts for all aspects of age, sex, and size of Western Sandpiper distributions, costs associated with flight during migration play a significant role in determining differential nonbreeding latitudinal distributions.

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Marouf, Noura, Adi Irfan Che-Ani i Norngainy Mohd Tawil. "Examining Physical Activity and Play Behavior Preferences between First Graders and Last Graders in Primary School Children in Tehran". Asian Social Science 12, nr 1 (21.12.2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n1p17.

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School grounds are critical places because they are some of the few play areas available for children to develop and transfer peer culture. Moreover, school playtime, which is often called “recess”, offers children daily opportunities for physical activity in the outdoor environment. During school years, age has always been presented in the studies on children as a fundamental component of their development. Children of different ages are interested in different play styles and have various play priorities. However, few studies have compared play patterns in children within age groups. This study explores play behaviors during recess in elementary school children overall, and secondly examines the differences in the play behavior of children, considering first graders who enter elementary school and the last graders. This study uses quantitative design and naturalistic observational approaches. An ethnogram recorded the observations of the play activities preferences of the children. The results of this study showed that girls spend the majority of their recess talking and socializing with peers generally. Older children, particularly those in grades fifth and sixth, spend more time socializing than other age groups. Children in the first grade spent much time in active free play, such as chasing and running, during recess and tend use their playtime as an opportunity to perform a physical activity; therefore the significance of combining recess and provisions for physical activity to reach health goals becomes clearer. These findings are interesting considerations for further research; such information could help to develop appropriate interventions to improve the recess.

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Naudts, Kris, Caroline Ducatelle, Jozsef Kovacs, Kristin Laurens, Frederique Van Den Eynde i Cornelis Van Heeringen. "Euthanasia: the role of the psychiatrist". British Journal of Psychiatry 188, nr 5 (maj 2006): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.105.010256.

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SummaryBelgium has become one of the few countries in the world where euthanasia is legally allowed within a specific juridical framework. Even more unique is the inclusion of grounds for requesting euthanasia on the basis of mental suffering. Further refinement of the legal, medical and psychiatric approach to the issue is required in order to clear up essential practical and ethical matters. Psychiatrists and their professional organisations need to play a greater role in this ongoing debate and contribute from a clinical, scientific and ethical point of view.

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