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Książki na temat „Plant species composition”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 lutego 2022

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1

Henderson, Richard A. Plant species composition of Wisconsin prairies: An aid to selecting species for plantings and restorations based upon University of Wisconsin-Madison Plant Ecology Laboratory data. Madison, WI: Dept. of Natural Resources, 1995.

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2

Willoughby, Michael. Rangeland reference areas: Species composition changes in the presence and absence of grazing and fire on the rough fescue-hairy wildrye dominated community types of the Upper Foothills subregion. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Environment, Land and Forest Service, 2000.

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3

Hetherington, Mark. Natural chemicals from northern prairie plants: The phytochemical contents of one thousand North American species. Saskatoon, Sask: Fytokem Products, 1997.

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4

Soest, Francien van. Factors determining location and species composition of wet grasslands in southwest England. Utrecht: Royal Dutch Geographical Society, 2005.

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5

Clauser, Marina, Andrea Grigioni i Mario Landi, red. Peperoncini. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-951-9.

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The chili pepper is a spice and medicinal remedy used since ancient times by the American peoples who were the first to undertake the domestication of 5 species belonging to the genus Capsicum (Solanaceae): Capsicum (Solanaceae): Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens e C. pubescens. After the sixteenth century the chili pepper became similarly popular in other continents and today the five species number many reference pod-types and over 3,000 varieties. The book describes their uses in the different spheres of cuisine (aromatic, spicy and colourful), medicine (antioxidant and digestive for internal use, rubefacient and anti-rheumatic for external use) and ornamentation (cut branches, floral compositions, border plants, splashes of colour).

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6

Golubkina, Nadezhda, Elena Kekina, Anna Molchanova i Sergey Nadezhkin. Antioxidants of plants and methods of their definition. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1045420.

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The monograph presents the most simple and widely used methods for determining the most important of plant antioxidants: vitamin C, polyphenols, carotenoids, capsaicin, and belinovich photosynthetic pigments, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, tannins, and minerals antioxidant: selenium and iodine. Special attention is paid to methods of extraction of antioxidants, providing maximum extraction of antioxidants from plant material, and the correct selection of the most appropriate method of analysis of one or another component. Provides detailed information developed by the authors method of using thin layer chromatography to assess the carotenoid composition of tomatoes and peppers. The data presented here include results of research conducted on the basis of FICO, as well as the latest developments of foreign scientists devoted to natural antioxidants and methods of their determination. Presented in this monograph methodology was successfully tested in the laboratory and analytical Department of PNCO in 2012-2018. For students and teachers and all interested in horticulture and agriculture.

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7

Risvold, Ann M. Plant species diversity and community composition in montane wetlands in the North Cascades. 1997.

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8

Clark, Deborah Louise. Factors determining species composition of post-disturbance vegetation following logging and burning of an old growth Douglas-fir forest. 1990.

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9

Ehnes, James W. The influences of site conditions, age and disturbance by wildfire or winter logging on the species composition of naturally regenerating boreal plant communities and some implications for community resilience. [Winnipeg :$bs.n.], 1998.

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10

Wilsey, Brian J. Nutrient Cycling and Energy Flow in Grasslands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0004.

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Net primary productivity (NPP) is the amount of C or biomass that accumulates over time and is photosynthesis—autotroph respiration. Annual NPP is estimated by summing positive biomass increments across time periods during the growing season, including offtake to herbivores, which can be high in grasslands. Remote sensing techniques that are used to assess NPP are discussed by the author. Belowground productivity can be high in grasslands, and it is important to carbon storage. Across grasslands on a geographic scale, NPP, N mineralization, and soil organic C all increase with annual precipitation. Within regions, NPP can be strongly affected by the proportion of C4 plant species and animal species composition and diversity. Humans are adding more N to the environment than all the natural forms of addition (fixation and lightning) combined. Animals, especially herbivores, can have strong effects on how plants respond to changes in changes in resource availability.

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11

Wilsey, Brian J. Conservation and Restoration of Grasslands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0008.

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Conservation programs alter herbivore stocking rates and find and protect the remaining areas that have not been plowed or converted to crops. Restoration is an ‘Acid Test’ for ecology. If we fully understand how grassland systems function and assemble after disturbance, then it should be easy to restore them after they have been degraded or destroyed. Alternatively, the idea that restorations will not be equivalent to remnants has been termed the ‘Humpty Dumpty’ hypothesis—once lost, it cannot be put back together again. Community assembly may follow rules, and if these rules are uncovered, then we may be able to accurately predict final species composition after assembly. Priority effects are sometimes found depending on species arrival orders, and they can result in alternate states. Woody plant encroachment is the increase in density and biomass of woody plants, and it is strongly affecting grassland C and water cycles.

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12

Wilsey, Brian J. Trophic Cascades in Grasslands. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744511.003.0005.

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Top predators have effects that can ‘cascade down’ on lower trophic levels. Because of this cascading effect, it matters how many trophic levels are present. Predators are either ‘sit and wait’ or ‘active’. Wolves are top predators in temperate grasslands and can alter species composition of smaller-sized predators, prey, and woody and herbaceous plant species, either through direct effects or indirect effects (‘Ecology of Fear’). In human derived grasslands, invertebrate predators fill a similar ecological role as wolves. Migrating populations of herbivores tend to be more limited by food than non-migratory populations. The phenology and synchrony of births vary among prey species in a way that is consistent with an adaptation to predation. Precocious species have highly synchronous birth dates to satiate predators. Non-precocious species (‘hiders’) have asynchronous births. Results from studies that manipulate both predators and food support the hypothesis that bottom-up and top-down effects interact.

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13

Vellend, Mark. Are local losses of biodiversity causing degraded ecosystem function? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0004.

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This chapter highlights the scale dependence of biodiversity change over time and its consequences for arguments about the instrumental value of biodiversity. While biodiversity is in decline on a global scale, the temporal trends on regional and local scales include cases of biodiversity increase, no change, and decline. Environmental change, anthropogenic or otherwise, causes both local extirpation and colonization of species, and thus turnover in species composition, but not necessarily declines in biodiversity. In some situations, such as plants at the regional scale, human-mediated colonizations have greatly outnumbered extinctions, thus causing a marked increase in species richness. Since the potential influence of biodiversity on ecosystem function and services is mediated to a large degree by local or neighborhood species interactions, these results challenge the generality of the argument that biodiversity loss is putting at risk the ecosystem service benefits people receive from nature.

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14

John, Beebe, i Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), red. Effect of fertilizer applications and grazing exclusion on species composition and biomass in wet meadow restoration in eastern Washington. [Portland, Or.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2002.

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15

Alaimo, Stacy. Nature. Redaktorzy Lisa Disch i Mary Hawkesworth. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328581.013.28.

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The term “nature,” because of its associations with gender and racial essentialisms, its position in foundational Western dualisms, its place in the colonialist imagination, and its promotion of heteronormativity is a volatile term for feminist theory. While much feminist theory has distanced itself from the conceptual terrain of nature, environmental feminisms, material feminisms, feminist science studies, queer ecologies, and feminist posthumanisms approach “nature” differently, productively engaging with human corporeality, environments, material agency and nonhuman life. In this anthropocene era, marked by the human alteration of the biological, geological, and chemical composition of the planet, feminist theory needs to contend with “nature” in ways that are attuned not only to social justice but to the survival of a multitude of species, ecosystems, and life forms. Feminist theory is thus a vital resource for all theorists who wish to rethink the concept of nature and its theoretical, ethical, and political entanglements.

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16

(Editor), R. J. Petheram, Budi Tangendjaja (Editor) i J. Lowry (Editor), red. Plants Fed to Village Ruminants in Indonesia: Notes on 136 Species, Their Composition and Significance in Village Farming Systems (Aciar Technical Reports). Hyperion Books, 1992.

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17

Moll, Don, i Edward O. Moll. The Ecology, Exploitation and Conservation of River Turtles. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195102291.001.0001.

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The underlying theme of this book is that a widespread, taxonomically diverse group of animals, important both from ecological and human resource perspectives, remains poorly understood and in delcine, while receiving scant attention from the ecological and conservation community. This volume proposes a comprehensive overview of the world's river turtles' ecology, conservation, and management. It begins with a categorization of taxa which inhabit flowing water habitats followed by information on their evolutionary and physical diversity and biogeography. Within the framework of ecology, the authors discuss the composition of river turtle communities in different types of lotic habitats and regions, population dynamics, movements, reproductive characteristics and behavior, predators, and feeding relationships. In a conservation and management section, the authors identify and evaluate the nature and intensity of factors which threaten river turtle survival--almost all of which involve direct human exploitation or indirect effects of human induced habitat alteration and degradation. They then list and evaluate the various schemes which have been proposed or employed to halt declines and restore populations, and make recommendations for future management plans for specific species and regions. In closing, they state their viewpoint concerning future research directions and priorities, and an evaluation of future prospects for survival of the world's river turtle species.

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18

Lindenmayer, David. Forest Pattern and Ecological Process. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098305.

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Forest Pattern and Ecological Process is a major synthesis of 25 years of intensive research about the montane ash forests of Victoria, which support the world's tallest flowering plants and several of Australia's most high profile threatened and/or endangered species. It draws together major insights based on over 170 published scientific papers and books, offering a previously unrecognised set of perspectives of how forests function. The book combines key strands of research on wildfires, biodiversity conservation, logging, conservation management, climate change and basic forest ecology and management. It is divided into seven sections: introduction and background; forest cover and the composition of the forest; the structure of the forest; animal occurrence; disturbance regimes; forest management; and overview and future directions. Illustrated with more than 200 photographs and line drawings, Forest Pattern and Ecological Process is an essential reference for forest researchers, resource managers, conservation and wildlife biologists, ornithologists and mammalogists, policy makers, as well as general readers with interests in wildlife and forests. 2010 Whitley Certificate of Commendation for Zoological Text.

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