Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Plant genetics

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Plant genetics”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Plant genetics"

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Lea, P. J. "Plant genetics". FEBS Letters 210, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(87)81316-9.

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Curnow, R. N., A. H. D. Brown, M. T. Clegg, A. L. Kahler i B. S. Weir. "Plant Population Genetics, Breeding, and Genetic Resources." Biometrics 46, nr 4 (grudzień 1990): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2532478.

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Olivieri, Isabelle. "Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources". Trends in Ecology & Evolution 6, nr 8 (sierpień 1991): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-5347(91)90078-c.

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Sklar, Robert M. "Advancing Plant Genetics". BioScience 36, nr 7 (lipiec 1986): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310348.

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McCourt, Peter, i Darrell Desveaux. "Plant chemical genetics". New Phytologist 185, nr 1 (13.10.2009): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03045.x.

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Gold, Scott. "Plant molecular genetics". Crop Protection 16, nr 5 (sierpień 1997): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-2194(97)84559-0.

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Martin, C. "Plant genetics flourishes". Trends in Genetics 8, nr 1 (1992): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(92)90160-6.

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Martin, Cathie, i Jonathan Jones. "Plant genetics flourishes". Trends in Genetics 8, nr 11 (listopad 1992): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(92)90285-c.

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Zhengfeng, Wang, i Ge Xuejun. "Not only genetic diversity:advances in plant conservation genetics". Biodiversity Science 17, nr 4 (2009): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2009.09127.

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Pánková, K. "Stephen H. Howell – Molecular Genetics of Plant Development". Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 38, No. 3-4 (1.08.2012): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6250-cjgpb.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Plant genetics"

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McCue, Kimberlie A. "The ecological genetics of rarity : a study of genetic structure, inbreeding and seed bank dynamics in a rare annual plant /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841324.

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Kirst, Matias. "TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION AND PLANT DIVERSITY". NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-01042004-175350/.

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Transcript abundance measured for any gene on a microarray can be considered as a quantitative trait. If the transcription profile of a sufficient number of individuals from a segregating progeny is generated by microarrays, it allows mapping of genomic regions regulating variation in transcript abundance using traditional methods of QTL analysis. We generated transcript level profiles of wood forming tissue (differentiating xylem) collected from 91 individuals from a E. grandis x E. globulus F1 hybrid x E. grandis backcross population, using microarrays containing 2608 cDNAs. Least-square means estimates of transcript abundance were generated for each individual and cDNA, and mapped as QTLs in two single-tree linkage maps (hybrid paternal and E. grandis maternal) using composite interval mapping. QTLs were identified for 811 genes in the Eucalyptus hybrid map, displaying in most cases a simple genetic architecture, with a single QTL controlling up to 70% of the transcript level variation. A more complex genetic architecture was detected in one third of the genes, where up to five QTLs could be identified for three genes. QTL hotspots were identified in both maps, typically for genes encoding several enzymes of specific metabolic pathways, suggesting coordinated genetic regulation. Transcript level QTLs were co-localized to QTLs detected previously in this family for wood quality and growth traits and candidate genes were identified by the analysis of correlation between gene expression and phenotypic variation.
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DeCarme, Ashley R. "Searching for the Seed Plant Ethylene Pathway in a Basal Plant Lineage: A Genomic Approach". W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626914.

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Singh, Nagendra Kumar. "The structure and genetic control of endosperm proteins in wheat and rye". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs6174.pdf.

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Baldwin, Samantha, i n/a. "Models for genetic analysis of polyploid plant species". University of Otago. Department of Biochemistry, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090826.092431.

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A number of major crop species, such as allohexaploid wheat and autotetraploid potato are polyploid. Potato is the fourth most important crop in terms of production and has become an important food source in many countries. Therefore, the molecular analysis was directed towards investigating ways to develop markers to assist the potato breeding process; for example breeding for powdery scab disease resistance, and tolerance to cold induced sweetening. Polyploids have more possible genotypes per population, allele dosage effects and increased marker complexity compared to diploids. Potato is also outcrossing and therefore highly heterozygous. Various methods for detecting marker-trait associations including, linkage, quantitative trait locus (QTL) and association mapping were studied and protocols developed. A mapping population was produced and a number of traits were measured including powdery scab resistance. Powdery scab disease assays were carried out over six seasons and markers associated with disease resistance were identified. Markers associated with resistance to powdery scab were identified on chromosomes I, IV, V, VI, VIII and IX using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Linkage maps were produced for each parent of the population and QTL associated with resistance and susceptibility to disease were identified using interval mapping, which revealed QTL on chromosomes II, V, VII , VIII, IX and an unanchored linkage group. QTL were detected across years on regions of chromosomes VIII and IX. These QTL results had some overlap with the marker-trait associations that were identified using ANOVA analysis. Another marker identification technique was tested, known as association or linkage disequilibrium mapping. Alleles of candidate genes were tested for association with cold-induced sweetening using a germplasm collection. The alleles identified as important were of the apoplastic invertase and UGPase genes and a unique interaction between alleles of the apoplastic invertase and apoplastic invertase inhibitor was also detected. This thesis describes the first study into the genetics of powdery scab resistance and the markers identified as associated with resistance will be validated for use in a marker-assisted selection (MAS) programme. The tools and resources developed as part of this thesis are vital to the potato breeding programme that requires the identification of associated molecular markers.
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Sachan, Nita. "Identification of signaling factors involved in the regulation of alkaloid metabolism in N.tabacum". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2004. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyplph2004d00179/NS%5FDiss.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2004.
Title from document title page (viewed Jan. 7, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 127p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-126).
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Boyko, Oleksandr, i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Influence of various factors on plant homologuous recombination". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2004, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/243.

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The genome of living organisms is constantly subjected to the environmental influences that result in different negative, negligible or positive impacts. The ability to maintain the genome integrity and simultaneously provide its flexibility is the main determinant for the evolutionary success of any species. One of the important aspects of genome maintenance is the precise regulation of the DNA repair machinery. Results reported here indicate the existence of a tight, age-dependent regulation of homologous recombination, one of the two main DNA double-strand break repair pathways. We show that recombination is influenced by conditions such as the change of temperature (cold or warm), day length, water availability (drought or overwatering stress) and salinity. These stresses not only influence the genome stability of stress-subjected generations but also change the recombination in subsequent generations. This indicates the possible involvement of homologous recombination in plant evolution and development of plant stress tolerance.
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Luijten, Sheila Helen. "Reproduction and genetics of fragmented plant populations". Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Instituut voor Biodiversiteit en Ecosysteemdynamica (IBED) ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2001. http://dare.uva.nl/document/60623.

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Filkowski, Jody, i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The effect of pathogens on plant genome stability". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2004, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/254.

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Resistance (R) genes, a key factor in determining the resistance of plants, have been shown often to be highly allelic entities existing in duplicated regions of the genome. This characteristic suggests that R-gene acquisition may have arisen through frequent genetic rearrangements as a result of transient, reduced genome stability. Tabacco plants transgenic for a recombination construct exhibited reduced genome stability upon infection with a virulent pathogen (tobacco mosaic virus). The reduced genome stability manifested as an increase in recombination events in the transgene. Such increases were observed following a virulent pathogen attack. This increase in recombination was shown to be systemic and was observed prior to systemic viral movement suggesting the presence of a systemic recombination signal. Further molecular analyses revealed that specific R-gene loci experience a large frequency of rearrangements following a virulent pathogen encounter. The possible targeting of instability to R-gene regions may be controlled through epigenetic processes, in particular, DNA methylation.
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Kingham, Keith Iain. "Nuclear differentiation in plant development". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300588.

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Książki na temat "Plant genetics"

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D, Brown A. H., i International Symposium on Population Genetics and Germplasm Resources in Crop Improvement (1988 : University of California, Davis), red. Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 1990.

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Pereira, Andy, red. Plant Reverse Genetics. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-682-5.

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J, Henry Robert, red. Plant conservation genetics. New York: Food Products Press, 2006.

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Sobral, Bruno W. S. 1958-, red. The impact of plant molecular genetics. Cambridge, MA, U.S.A: Birkhaüser, 1996.

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Slater, Adrian. Plant biotechnology: The genetic manipulation of plants. Wyd. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Howell, Stephen H. Molecular genetics of plant development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Stewart, C. Neal, red. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470282014.

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1928-, Day Peter R., Jellis G. J i British Society for Plant Pathology., red. Genetics and plant pathogenesis. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1987.

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Tikhonovich, Igor A. Evolutionary genetics of plant-microbe symbioses. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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B, Cronk Quentin C., i National Research Council Canada, red. Plant adaptation: Molecular genetics and ecology. Ottawa: NRC Research Press, 2004.

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Części książek na temat "Plant genetics"

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Soh, Aik Chin, Sean Mayes i Jeremy Roberts. "Plant Genetics". W Oil Palm Breeding, 57–84. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315119724-4.

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Shikanai, Toshiharu. "Why Do Plants Edit RNA in Plant Organelles?" W Organelle Genetics, 381–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22380-8_15.

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van Vloten-Doting, L. "Virus Genetics". W The Plant Viruses, 117–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4937-2_5.

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Lawrence, M. J., i D. F. Marshall. "Plant population genetics". W Plant Genetic Conservation, 99–113. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1437-7_6.

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Reeve, Eric C. R., i Isobel Black. "J Plant Genetics". W Encyclopedia of Genetics, 613–97. New York: Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315073972-87.

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Charlesworth, D. "Plant Self-Incompatibility". W Encyclopedia of Genetics, 620–28. New York: Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315073972-89.

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Kearsey, M. J. "Biometrical genetics in breeding". W Plant Breeding, 163–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1524-7_12.

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Lack, Andrew, i David Evans. "Polymorphisms and population genetics". W Plant Biology, 215–18. Wyd. 2. London: Taylor & Francis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203002902-64.

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Brown, Susan K. "Genetics of Apple". W Plant Breeding Reviews, 333–66. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470650363.ch9.

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Hooykaas, Paul J. J. "Agrobacterium molecular genetics". W Plant Molecular Biology, 83–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6951-8_5.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Plant genetics"

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"Breeding for high sugar content, plant stalk juice and plant height characters in sweet sorghum". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-203.

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"Autor index". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-223.

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"Endophytic bacteria of the Bacillus induce resistance of potato plants to viruses". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-029.

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"Regeneration capacity of potato cultivars prone to cold sweetening". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-079.

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"Functional characteristics of EST-SSR markers in Pinus sylvestris L." W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-075.

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"The overexpression of the Arabidopsis NDB2 gene in tobacco plants affects the expression of genes encoding the alternative mitochondrial electron transport pathways and stress proteins". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-026.

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"The allelic diversity study of regulatory genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in cotton". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-132.

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"Methylome profiling of guar isogenic lines (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) in different growing conditions using ONT technology". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-201.

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"Differential gene expression in Lavandula angustifolia Mill. under adaptation ex vitro". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-207.

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"DNA-technologies in rice breeding for resistance to bio- and abiotic stressors". W Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Novosibirsk ICG SB RAS 2021, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2021-040.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Plant genetics"

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Chiang, Katherine. Plant Genetics / Corn - Cornell University. Purdue University Libraries, marzec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315010.

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Chamovitz, Daniel A., i Zhenbiao Yang. Chemical Genetics of the COP9 Signalosome: Identification of Novel Regulators of Plant Development. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699844.bard.

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This was an exploratory one-year study to identify chemical regulators of the COP9 signalosome. Chemical Genetics uses small molecules to modify or disrupt the function of specific genes/proteins. This is in contrast to classical genetics, in which mutations disrupt the function of genes. The underlying concept is that the functions of most proteins can be altered by the binding of a chemical, which can be found by screening large libraries for compounds that specifically affect a biological, molecular or biochemical process. In addition to screens for chemicals which inhibit specific biological processes, chemical genetics can also be employed to find inhibitors of specific protein-protein interactions. Small molecules altering protein-protein interactions are valuable tools in probing protein-protein interactions. In this project, we aimed to identify chemicals that disrupt the COP9 signalosome. The CSN is an evolutionarily conserved eight-subunit protein complex whose most studied role is regulation of E3 ubiquitinligase activity. Mutants in subunits of the CSN undergo photomorphogenesis in darkness and accumulate high levels of pigments in both dark- and light-grown seedlings, and are defective in a wide range of important developmental and environmental-response pathways. Our working hypothesis was that specific molecules will interact with the CSN7 protein such that binding to its various interacting proteins will be inhibited. Such a molecule would inhibit either CSN assembly, or binding of CSN-interacting proteins, and thus specifically inhibit CSN function. We used an advanced chemical genetic screen for small-molecule-inhibitors of CSN7 protein-protein interactions. In our pilot study, following the screening of ~1200 unique compounds, we isolated four chemicals which reproducibly interfere with CSN7 binding to either CSN8 or CSN6.
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Weil, Clifford F., Anne B. Britt i Avraham Levy. Nonhomologous DNA End-Joining in Plants: Genes and Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585194.bard.

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Repair of DNA breaks is an essential function in plant cells as well as a crucial step in addition of modified DNA to plant cells. In addition, our inability to introduce modified DNA to its appropriate locus in the plant genome remains an important hurdle in genetically engineering crop species.We have taken a combined forward and reverse genetics approach to examining DNA double strand break repair in plants, focusing primarily on nonhomologous DNA end-joining. The forward approach utilizes a gamma-plantlet assay (miniature plants that are metabolically active but do not undergo cell division, due to cell cycle arrest) and has resulted in identification of five Arabidopsis mutants, including a new one defective in the homolog of the yeast RAD10 gene. The reverse genetics approach has identified knockouts of the Arabidopsis homologs for Ku80, DNA ligase 4 and Rad54 (one gene in what proves to be a gene family involved in DNA repair as well as chromatin remodeling and gene silencing)). All these mutants have phenotypic defects in DNA repair but are otherwise healthy and fertile. Additional PCR based screens are in progress to find knockouts of Ku70, Rad50, and Mre11, among others. Two DNA end-joining assays have been developed to further our screens and our ability to test candidate genes. One of these involves recovering linearized plasmids that have been added to and then rejoined in plant cells; plasmids are either recovered directly or transformed into E. coli and recovered. The products recovered from various mutant lines are then compared. The other assay involves using plant transposon excision to create DNA breaks in yeast cells and then uses the yeast cell as a system to examine those genes involved in the repair and to screen plant genes that might be involved as well. This award supported three graduate students, one in Israel and two in the U.S., as well as a technician in the U.S., and is ultimately expected to result directly in five publications and one Masters thesis.
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Zhang, Hongbin B., David J. Bonfil i Shahal Abbo. Genomics Tools for Legume Agronomic Gene Mapping and Cloning, and Genome Analysis: Chickpea as a Model. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586464.bard.

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The goals of this project were to develop essential genomic tools for modern chickpea genetics and genomics research, map the genes and quantitative traits of importance to chickpea production and generate DNA markers that are well-suited for enhanced chickpea germplasm analysis and breeding. To achieve these research goals, we proposed the following research objectives in this period of the project: 1) Develop an ordered BAC library with an average insert size of 150 - 200 kb (USA); 2) Develop 300 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with an aid of the BAC library (USA); 3) Develop SSR marker tags for Ascochyta response, flowering date and grain weight (USA); 4) Develop a molecular genetic map consisting of at least 200 SSR markers (Israel and USA); 5) Map genes and QTLs most important to chickpea production in the U.S. and Israel: Ascochyta response, flowering and seed set date, grain weight, and grain yield under extreme dryland conditions (Israel); and 6) Determine the genetic correlation between the above four traits (Israel). Chickpea is the third most important pulse crop in the world and ranks the first in the Middle East. Chickpea seeds are a good source of plant protein (12.4-31.5%) and carbohydrates (52.4-70.9%). Although it has been demonstrated in other major crops that the modern genetics and genomics research is essential to enhance our capacity for crop genetic improvement and breeding, little work was pursued in these research areas for chickpea. It was absent in resources, tools and infrastructure that are essential for chickpea genomics and modern genetics research. For instance, there were no large-insert BAC and BIBAC libraries, no sufficient and user- friendly DNA markers, and no intraspecific genetic map. Grain sizes, flowering time and Ascochyta response are three main constraints to chickpea production in drylands. Combination of large seeds, early flowering time and Ascochyta blight resistance is desirable and of significance for further genetic improvement of chickpea. However, it was unknown how many genes and/or loci contribute to each of the traits and what correlations occur among them, making breeders difficult to combine these desirable traits. In this period of the project, we developed the resources, tools and infrastructure that are essential for chickpea genomics and modern genetics research. In particular, we constructed the proposed large-insert BAC library and an additional plant-transformation-competent BIBAC library from an Israeli advanced chickpea cultivar, Hadas. The BAC library contains 30,720 clones and has an average insert size of 151 kb, equivalent to 6.3 x chickpea haploid genomes. The BIBAC library contains 18,432 clones and has an average insert size of 135 kb, equivalent to 3.4 x chickpea haploid genomes. The combined libraries contain 49,152 clones, equivalent to 10.7 x chickpea haploid genomes. We identified all SSR loci-containing clones from the chickpea BAC library, generated sequences for 536 SSR loci from a part of the SSR-containing BACs and developed 310 new SSR markers. From the new SSR markers and selected existing SSR markers, we developed a SSR marker-based molecular genetic map of the chickpea genome. The BAC and BIBAC libraries, SSR markers and the molecular genetic map have provided essential resources and tools for modern genetic and genomic analyses of the chickpea genome. Using the SSR markers and genetic map, we mapped the genes and loci for flowering time and Ascochyta responses; one major QTL and a few minor QTLs have been identified for Ascochyta response and one major QTL has been identified for flowering time. The genetic correlations between flowering time, grain weight and Ascochyta response have been established. These results have provided essential tools and knowledge for effective manipulation and enhanced breeding of the traits in chickpea.
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5

Gera, Abed, Abed Watad, P. Ueng, Hei-Ti Hsu, Kathryn Kamo, Peter Ueng i A. Lipsky. Genetic Transformation of Flowering Bulb Crops for Virus Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575293.bard.

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Objectives. The major aim of the proposed research was to establish an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily and gladiolus using either biolistics or Agrobacterium. Transgenic plants containing pathogen-derived genes for virus resistance were to be developed and then tested for virus resistance. The proposal was originally aimed at studying cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistance in plants, but studies later included bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). Monoclonal antibodies were to be tested to determine their effectiveness in interning with virus infection and vector (aphid) transmission. Those antibodies that effectively interfered with virus infection and transmission were to be cloned as single chain fragments and used for developing transgenic plants with the potential to resist virus infection. Background to the topic. Many flower crops, as lily and gladiolus are propagated vegetatively through bulbs and corms, resulting in virus transmission to the next planting generation. Molecular genetics offers the opportunity of conferring transgene-mediated disease resistance to flower crops that cannot be achieved through classical breeding. CMV infects numerous plant species worldwide including both lilies and gladioli. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. Results from these for future development of collaborative studies have demonstrated the potential transgenic floral bulb crops for virus resistance. In Israel, an efficient and reproducible genetic transformation system for Easter lily using biolistics was developed. Transient as well as solid expression of GUS reporter gene was demonstrated. Putative transgenic lily plantlets containing the disabled CMV replicase transgene have been developed. The in vitro ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CMV to neutralize virus infectivity and block virus transmission by M. persicae were demonstrated. In the US, transgenic Gladiolus plants containing either the BYMV coat protein or antisense coat protein genes have been developed and some lines were found to be virus resistant. Long-term expression of the GUS reporter gene demonstrated that transgene silencing did not occur after three seasons of dormancy in the 28 transgenic Gladiolus plants tested. Selected monoclonal antibody lines have been isolated, cloned as single chain fragments and are being used in developing transgenic plants with CMV resistance. Ornamental crops are multi-million dollar industries in both Israel and the US. The increasing economic value of these floral crops and the increasing ban numerous pesticides makes it more important than ever that alternatives to chemical control of pathogens be studied to determine their possible role in the future. The cooperation resulted in the objectives being promoted at national and international meetings. The cooperation also enabled the technology transfer between the two labs, as well as access to instrumentation and specialization particular to the two labs.
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Blum, Abraham, Henry T. Nguyen i N. Y. Klueva. The Genetics of Heat Shock Proteins in Wheat in Relation to Heat Tolerance and Yield. United States Department of Agriculture, sierpień 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568105.bard.

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Fifty six diverse spring wheat cultivars were evaluated for genetic variation and heritability for thermotolerance in terms of cell-membrane stability (CMS) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction. The most divergent cultivars for thermotolerance (Danbata-tolerant and Nacozari-susceptible) were crossed to develop an F8 random onbred line (RIL) population. This population was evaluated for co-segragation in CMS, yield under heat stress and HSP accumulation. Further studies of thermotolerance in relations to HSP and the expression of heterosis for growth under heat stress were performed with F1 hybrids of wheat and their parental cultivars. CMS in 95 RILs ranged from 76.5% to 22.4% with 71.5% and 31.3% in Danbata and Nacozari, respectively. The population segregated with a normal distribution across the full range of the parental values. Yield and biomass under non-stress conditions during the normal winter season at Bet Dagan dit not differ between the two parental cultivar, but the range of segregation for these traits in 138 RILs was very high and distinctly transgressive with a CV of 35.3% and 42.4% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. Mean biomass and yield of the population was reduced about twofold when grown under the hot summer conditions (irrigated) at Bet Dagan. Segregation for biomass and yield was decreased relative to the normal winter conditions with CV of 20.2% and 23.3% among lines for biomass and yield, respectively. However, contrary to non-stress conditions, the parental cultivars differed about twofold in biomass and yield under heat stress and the population segregated with normal distribution across the full range of this difference. CMS was highly and positively correlated across 79 RILs with biomass (r=0.62**) and yield (r=0.58**) under heat stress. No such correlation was obtained under the normal winter conditions. All RILs expressed a set of HSPs under heat shock (37oC for 2 h). No variation was detected among RILs in high molecular weight HSP isoforms and they were similar to the patterns of the parental cultivars. There was a surprisingly low variability in low molecular weight HSP isoforms. Only one low molecular weight and Nacozari-specific HSP isoform (belonging to HSP 16.9 family) appeared to segregate among all RILs, but it was not quantitatively correlated with any parameter of plant production under heat stress or with CMS in this population. It is concluded that this Danbata/Nacozari F8 RIL population co-segregated well for thermotolerance and yield under heat stress and that CMS could predict the relative productivity of lines under chronic heat stress. Regretfully this population did not express meaningful variability for HSP accumulation under heat shock and therefore no role could be seen for HSP in the heat tolerance of this population. In the study of seven F1 hybrids and their parent cultivars it was found that heterosis (superiority of the F1 over the best parent) for CMs was generally lower than that for growth under heat stress. Hybrids varied in the rate of heterosis for growth at normal (15o/25o) and at high (25o/35o) temperatures. In certain hybrids heterosis for growth significantly increased at high temperature as compared with normal temperature, suggesting temperature-dependent heterosis. Generally, under normal temperature, only limited qualitative variation was detected in the patterns of protein synthesis in four wheat hybrids and their parents. However, a singular protein (C47/5.88) was specifically expressed only in the most heterotic hybrid at normal temperature but not in its parent cultivars. Parental cultivars were significantly different in the sets of synthesized HSP at 37o. No qualitative changes in the patterns of protein expression under heat stress were correlated with heterosis. However, a quantitative increase in certain low molecular weight HSP (mainly H14/5.5 and H14.5.6, belonging to the HSP16.9 family) was positively associated with greater heterosis for growth at high temperature. None of these proteins were correlated with CMS across hybrids. These results support the concept of temperature-dependent heterosis for growth and a possible role for HSP 16.9 family in this respect. Finally, when all experiments are viewed together, it is encouraging to find that genetic variation in wheat yield under chronic heat stress is associated with and well predicted by CMS as an assay of thermotolerance. On the other hand the results for HSP are elusive. While very low genetic variation was expressed for HSP in the RIL population, a unique low molecular weight HSP (of the HSP 16.9 family) could be associated with temperature dependant heterosis for growth.
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Fluhr, Robert, i Volker Brendel. Harnessing the genetic diversity engendered by alternative gene splicing. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696517.bard.

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Our original objectives were to assess the unexplored dimension of alternative splicing as a source of genetic variation. In particular, we sought to initially establish an alternative splicing database for Arabidopsis, the only plant for which a near-complete genome has been assembled. Our goal was to then use the database, in part, to advance plant gene prediction programs that are currently a limiting factor in annotating genomic sequence data and thus will facilitate the exploitation of the ever increasing quantity of raw genomic data accumulating for plants. Additionally, the database was to be used to generate probes for establishing high-throughput alternative transcriptome analysis in the form of a splicing-specific oligonucleotide microarray. We achieved the first goal and established a database and web site termed Alternative Splicing In Plants (ASIP, http://www.plantgdb.org/ASIP/). We also thoroughly reviewed the extent of alternative splicing in plants (Arabidopsis and rice) and proposed mechanisms for transcript processing. We noted that the repertoire of plant alternative splicing differs from that encountered in animals. For example, intron retention turned out to be the major type. This surprising development was proven by direct RNA isolation techniques. We further analyzed EST databases available from many plants and developed a process to assess their alternative splicing rate. Our results show that the lager genome-sized plant species have enhanced rates of alternative splicing. We did advance gene prediction accuracy in plants by incorporating scoring for non-canonical introns. Our data and programs are now being used in the continuing annotation of plant genomes of agronomic importance, including corn, soybean, and tomato. Based on the gene annotation data developed in the early part of the project, it turned out that specific probes for different exons could not be scaled up to a large array because no uniform hybridization conditions could be found. Therefore, we modified our original objective to design and produce an oligonucleotide microarray for probing alternative splicing and realized that it may be reasonable to investigate the extent of alternative splicing using novel commercial whole genome arrays. This possibility was directly examined by establishing algorithms for the analysis of such arrays. The predictive value of the algorithms was then shown by isolation and verification of alternative splicing predictions from the published whole genome array databases. The BARD-funded work provides a significant advance in understanding the extent and possible roles of alternative splicing in plants as well as a foundation for advances in computational gene prediction.
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Jander, Georg, Gad Galili i Yair Shachar-Hill. Genetic, Genomic and Biochemical Analysis of Arabidopsis Threonine Aldolase and Associated Molecular and Metabolic Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696546.bard.

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Since the amino acids threonine and isoleucine can be limiting in mammalian diet and there is interest in increasing their abundance in certain crop plants. To meet this need, a BARD proposal was written with two main research objectives: (i) investigate new avenues for manipulating threonine and isoleucine content in plants and (ii) study the role of threonine aldolase in plant metabolism. Research conducted to meet these goals included analysis of the sub-cellular localization of threonine aldolase in the plant, analysis of metabolic flux in developing embryos, over- and under-expression of Arabidopsis threonine aldolases, and transcriptional and metabolic analysis of perturbations resulting from altered threonine aldolase expression. Additionally, the broader metabolic effects of increasing lysine biosynthesis were investigated. An interesting observation that came up in the course of the project is that threonine aldolase activity affects methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis. Further research showed that threonine deaminase and methionine gamma-lyase both contribute to isoleucine biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, isoleucine content can be altered by manipulating the expression of either or both of these enzymes. Additionally, both enzymes contribute to the up to 100-fold increase in isoleucine that is observed in drought-stressed Arabidopsis. Toward the end of the project it was discovered that through different projects, both groups had been able to independently up-regulate phenylalanine accumulation by different mechanisms. The Galili lab transformed Arabidopsis with a feedbackinsensitive bacterial enzyme and the Jander lab found a feedback insensitive mutation in Arabidopsis arogenate dehydratase. Exchange of the respective plant lines has allowed a comparative analysis of the different methods for increasing phenylalanine content and the creation of double mutants. The research that was conducted as part of this BARD project has led to new insights into plant amino acid metabolism. Additionally, new approaches that were found to increase the accumulation of threonine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine in plants have potential practical applications. Increased threonine and isoleucine levels can increase the nutritional value of crop plants. Elevated isoleucine accumulation may increase the osmotic stress tolerance of plants. Up-regulation of phenylalanine biosynthesis can be used to increase the production of downstream higher-value plant metabolites of biofuel feed stocks.
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Christopher, David A., i Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.

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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
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Tippery, Nicholas, Nathan Harms, Matthew Purcell, Sun Lee Hong, Patrick Häfliger, Katelin Killoy, Ashley Wolfe i Ryan Thum. Assessing the genetic diversity of Nymphoides peltata in the native and adventive range using microsatellite markers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luty 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48222.

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Nymphoides peltata (yellow floatingheart), native to Eurasia, is an invasive plant in the USA, where it grows in relatively isolated but widespread populations. The species is capable of sexual reproduction by seed and asexual reproduction through fragmentation. Although N. peltata is recognized as a noxious weed, little is known about its geographic region of origin or its dispersal mechanisms and relative amount of genetic variation in its adventive range. We conducted a genetic analysis of N. peltata by studying 68 localities across the native range and 47 localities in the adventive range, using microsatellite markers to determine genetic variability within and among populations, and to infer regions in the native range from which invasive plants originated. A large number of sites in the USA were genetically identical to one another, and there were two predominant multilocus allele phenotypes that were distributed in the northern and southern latitudes, respectively. Additional USA sites were similar to one of the predominant genetic profiles, with greater genetic diversity in southern populations. The genetically identical sites are consistent with asexual spread, potentially via anthropogenic mechanisms. Plants across the USA range were observed to produce viable seeds, and some genetic variation could be explained by sexual reproduction. All USA plants were more similar to plants in Europe than they were to plants in Asia, indicating that the plants likely were introduced originally from Europe. The existence of two genetic clusters and their similarity to plants in different parts of Europe constitute evidence for at least two N. peltata introductions into the USA.
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