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Hoong, Seng Soi. "Synthesis of oligomers/polymers from plant oil derivatives". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57716/.
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The work presented in this thesis represents the chemical modifications of unsaturated plant oils to yield oligomeric/polymeric polyols suitable for polyurethane synthesis. Chapter 1 provides the introduction to the chemistry of polyurethanes, plant oils and plant oil based polyols. Chapter 2 focus on making oligomeric polyols from unsaturated plant oils through epoxidation and subsequent epoxide ring opening oligomerization that yielded oligomeric polyols. The properties of these oligomeric polyols were influence by the level of unsaturation of the plant oils. In addition, catalyst loading, monomer concentration and reaction time play vital role in determining the properties of the oligomeric polyols. Plant oil based polyols were also prepared by epoxide ring opening with renewable polyhydric alcohols that provide a variety of plant oil based polyols for polyurethane synthesis. Chapter 3 focus on the synthesis of polyurethanes (PU) from various types of plant oil based polyols as well as the evaluation of the mechanical properties of these synthesized PU. The tensile test of the PU shows that the mechanical properties were related to the structure and functionalities of the plant oil based polyols. The bulk of Chapter 4 discusses the copolymerization of epoxidized plant oils with tetrahydrofuran and the use of these copolymers for the synthesis of PU. The properties of the copolymers were related to the epoxidized oils used in the reaction and therefore influence the mechanical properties of the PU synthesized from them. Finally, Chapter 5 is a collection of work on the one-pot oligomerization of unsaturated fatty acid and plant oils with and without catalyst as well as the synthesis of PU based on these polyols.
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Miao, Xiaowei. "Ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis of plant oil derivatives". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S224.
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With the scheduled end of the fossil era, the search for renewable carbon sources is a domain of intense researches. Among the potential renewable sources of raw materials, vegetable oils and fats have received much attention. Olefin metathesis is a very powerful tool in organic synthesis and polymer synthesis, and was shown to be a method of choice for the transformation of fat and oil derivatives. In this thesis, we have shown the ruthenium-catalyzed cross-metathesis of renewable fatty acid derivatives with acrylonitrile to give access to various N-containing compounds in high yields. Slow addition of catalyst was applied to improve TONs. The transformations of fatty acid derivatives with other functionalized olefins such as methyl acrylate, acrylic acid and acrolein were also performed with success. The metathesis catalyst residue was proven to be efficient hydrogenation catalyst in a sequential cross-metathesis/hydrogenation process leading to saturated amino-ester monomersAvec la fin programmée de l'ère fossile, la recherche de sources de carbone renouvelables est un domaine de recherche intense. Parmi les sources renouvelables, les huiles végétales ont suscité beaucoup d'attention. La métathèse d'oléfine est un outil puissant en synthèse, et elle s'est avérée être une méthode de choix pour la transformation des dérivés d'huiles végétales. La métathèse croisée d'esters gras insaturés, dérivés des huiles végétales, avec des oléfines fonctionnalisées telles que des composés acryliques, a le potentiel de produire des composés bifonctionnels. Dans cette thèse, nous avons montré que la métathèse croisée des dérivés d'acides gras avec l'acrylonitrile, catalysée par les catalyseurs de ruthénium donne accès à des composés azotés divers avec des rendements élevés. L'addition lente de catalyseur a offert des TONs (turnover) élevés. Nous avons montré que le résidu de catalyseur de métathèse peut être employé comme catalyseur efficace d'hydrogénation
3
Davidson, Deborah Nicole. "Chemical and spectroscopic studies of chromone derivatives". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006857.
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Various chromone derivatives have been used in asthma therapy, and their biological activity is apparently related to certain chemical features which include conformation and acidity. In the present study, substituent effects on conformation and acidity have been explored in chromone systems with potential biological activity. A range of variously substituted symmetrical chromone-2-carboxamides (including a series of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides) have been prepared via chromone-2-carboxylic acids, which, in turn, were prepared from the corresponding o-hydroxyacetophenones. The N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides were prepared by reacting the appropriate chromone-2-carbonyl chlorides with dimethylammonium chloride in pyridine, in an approach which resolved various problems encountered in the preparation of these compounds. Substituent effects on the conformation of chromone-2-carboxamides have been explored using dynamic NMR spectroscopy, and the observed splitting of the N-alkyl signals has been attributed to slow site-exchange of the N-alkyl substituents. Dynamic NMR frequency separations and coalescence temperatures have been used to calculate rotational energy barriers, and substituent effects on these rotational energy barriers have been analysed. The possible implication of ring-opening of chromones in chromone pharmacology has also been examined. A range of 3-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)acrylamides has been prepared via the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides and the E-double-bond configuration of the ring-opened products has been unambiguously established by single crystal analysis of the parent system. The configuration and conformation of the crystal structure of the parent system have been shown, using IR and NMR spectroscopic, and molecular graphics techniques, to be maintained in solution and to characterise the whole series. ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy have also been used to study the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of disodium cromoglycate. The kinetics of the dimethylamine-mediated ring-opening of N,N-dimethylchromone-2-carboxamides have been studied using UV spectroscopy. These reactions have been shown to follow third-order kinetics overall and a mechanism accommodating the observed third-order kinetics has been proposed. Substituent effects have been further investigated by the potentiometric determination of the pKa (pK [subscript a]) values for a series of chromone-2-carboxylic acids. The relationship between acidity and the observed rate constants has been explored and has verified that the observed rate constants are sensitive to the influence of meta-substituents on the stability of the phenoxide ion "leaving group" rather than C-2 electrophilicity.
4
Samaha, Hiba. "Biocatalysis of chlorophyllase in ternary micellar system using chlorophyll derivatives as substrates". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24039.
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A partially purified chlorophyllase, obtained from alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum, was assayed for its hydrolytic activity towards the pheophytin in ternary micellar systems of hexane/Tris-HCl/surfactant. A wide range of surfactants, sorbitans (Span 20, 40, 60, 80 and 85) and polysorbates (Tween 20, 40, 60, 80 and 85), was used. The use of either 50 $ mu$M of Span 85 or 1 $ mu$M of Tween 80 increased the hydrolytic activity of chlorophyllase by 110 and 23%, respectively. The optimum values of pH, enzyme content, incubation time and temperature for the hydrolytic activity of chlorophyllase were determined as 8.25, 8 $ mu$g protein/ml, 60 min and 27.5$ sp circ$C, respectively. The enzyme was assayed for its hydrolytic activity in the most appropriate ternary system containing Span 85 with purified pheophytin, as well as chlorophyll derivatives, as substrates. Moreover, the values of $V sb{ rm max}/K sb{ rm m}$ ratio for chlorophyllase, using the partially purified pheophytin as substrate, in ternary systems with Span 85 and Tween 80 as surfactants, were 0.15 and 0.08, respectively; however, the value of $V sb{ rm max}/K sb{ rm m}$ ratio for the enzyme, in the ternary system with Span 85, using purified pheophytin as substrate was 0.07. The addition of optimized amounts of individual membrane lipids, L-$ alpha$-phosphatidylcholine, L-$ alpha$-phosphatidyl-DL-glycerol and $ beta$-carotene increased the hydrolytic activity of chlorophyllase, using partially purified pheophytin as substrate, by 50, 36 and 10%, respectively, for Span 85, and 30, 48 and 15%, respectively, for Tween 80; in addition, these lipids increased the enzyme activity by 6, 23 and 31%, respectively, in the Span 85 media, using purified pheophytin as substrate. Phytol showed a competitive inhibitory effect on chlorophyllase activity in both Span and Tween systems containing partially purified pheophytin substrate; however, phytol had an uncompetitive inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity in the S
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Fowles, A. M. "The preparation and biological activity of some 2-alkylated gibberellin Asub(4) and Asub(1) derivatives". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370827.
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Ward, Jane Louise. "Probing the mechanism of gibberellin 20-oxidase and a structure-activity study of methyl jasmonate and related derivatives". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361109.
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Valdivia, Ciro Pablo Kopp. "Tests on the Elaboration of Soybean milk, Derivatives, and Industrial Feasibility Project". BYU ScholarsArchive, 1997. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5446.
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This work was done with the purpose of evaluating different forms of soybean milk processing, the product acceptance by the public, and to do a study on the feasibility for the production of milk at a small scale to be used as a nutritional supplement in school breakfasts. The soybean milk was prepared with 2 varieties "(Cristalina and Doko)" and two periods of enzymatic inactivation (Before and After) of the grain mush. The "organoleptic" quality was evaluated through surveys and its posterior statistical analysis. Parameter quality was also considered just as did the microbiologic analysis and the conservation tests. The surveys showed that the products obtained were of regular acceptance. The statistical results indicate that the best treatment was that of the variety "doko" with its enzymatic inactivation previous to the trituration. The degree of microbiologic contamination is moderate, it is within the ranges permitted by human consumption. The conservation tests showed that soybean milk without conservatives can have, if refrigerated, a duration similar to that of cow's milk. The financial economic analysis showed that it is possible for the installation of small rural soybean milk processing plants (VAN=2058.68, TIR=34.8). Finally, it is concluded that soybean milk can be constituted as part of a fundamental basic food to lighten the high malnutrition present in the rural and urban areas of our country.
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Bailey, Keir. "Investigating the heterologous expression of plant secondary metabolic enzymes to produce curcuminoids and curcuminoid derivatives". Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16284/.
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Curcuminoids are highly bioactive polyketide chemicals produced in the rhizomes of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa). In addition to giving turmeric powder its distinctive yellow colour and flavour, these molecules elicit a plethora of medicinal effects. This project aimed to biosynthesize curcuminoids and their derivatives using the metabolic engineering of Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cervisiae) and tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). Phenylpropanoids, sustainably derived from bio-refinery waste, were to be used as starting materials. To convert phenylpropanoids into curcuminoids three enzymatic steps were needed: this involved the cloning and expression of 4-coumarate CoA ligase 5 (4CL5) from Arabidopsis thaliana and diketide-CoA synthase (DCS) and curcuminoid synthase 1 (CURS1) from C. longa. Protein extract from yeast expressing 4CL5 was able to convert both natural and non-natural phenylpropanoids to their corresponding phenylpropanoyl-CoA esters. However, protein extracts from yeast transformed with either DCS or CURS1 did not yield the corresponding enzyme activity. Furthermore, it was concluded that tobacco was not an optimal chassis for curcuminoid production as both phenylpropanoid substrates and curcuminoid products were metabolised by endogenous enzymes in the leaf tissue. Despite their bioactivities, curcuminoids are poorly bioavailable reducing their medicinal potential. Regiospecific glycosylation, performed by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), is a known strategy to improve a molecule’s solubility. Diglucosylated curcuminoids are 10 000 times more soluble in water than the aglycone. Using metabolomics and 14C radiolabelling assays C. longa was investigated as a source of novel curcuminoid UGTs.
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Malele, Son Rainalds Richard Sigalla. "Anthracene derivatives in plant tissue cultures : the occurence and biotransformation of 1,8-dihydroxyanthracene derivatives in tissue cultures of some species of Cassia, Rheum and Rumex and comparison with plants of Cassia artemisioides". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328056.
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Marcolini, Graziella <1977>. "Soil application of Meliaceae derivatives: effect on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant system". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5530/1/Marcolini_Graziella_tesi.pdf.
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The effect of soil incorporation of 7 Meliaceae derivatives (6 commercial neem cakes and leaves of Melia azedarach L.) on C and N dynamics and on nutrient availability to micropropagated GF677 rootstock was investigated. In a first laboratory incubation experiment the derivatives showed different N mineralization dynamics, generally well predicted by their C:N ratio and only partly by their initial N concentration. All derivatives increased microbial biomass C, thus representing a source of C for the soil microbial population. Soil addition of all neem cakes (8 g kg-1) and melia leaves (16 g kg-1) had a positive effect on plant growth and increased root N uptake and leaf green colour of micropropagated plants of GF677. In addition, the neem cakes characterized by higher nutrient concentration increased P and K concentration in shoot and leaves 68 days after the amendment. In another experiment, soil incorporation of 15N labeled melia leaves (16 g kg-1) had no effect on the total amount of plant N, however the percentage of melia derived-N of treated plants ranged between 0.8% and 34% during the experiment. At the end of the growing season, about 7% of N added as melia leaves was recovered in plant, while 70% of it was still present in soil. Real C mineralization and the priming effect induced by the addition of the derivatives were quantified by a natural 13C abundance method. The real C mineralization of the derivatives ranged between 22% and 40% of added-C. All the derivatives studied induced a positive priming effect and, 144 days after the amendment, the amount of C primed corresponded to 26% of added-C, for all the derivatives. Despite this substantial priming effect, the C balance of the soil, 144 days after the amendment, always resulted positive.
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Marcolini, Graziella <1977>. "Soil application of Meliaceae derivatives: effect on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in the soil-plant system". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5530/.
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The effect of soil incorporation of 7 Meliaceae derivatives (6 commercial neem cakes and leaves of Melia azedarach L.) on C and N dynamics and on nutrient availability to micropropagated GF677 rootstock was investigated. In a first laboratory incubation experiment the derivatives showed different N mineralization dynamics, generally well predicted by their C:N ratio and only partly by their initial N concentration. All derivatives increased microbial biomass C, thus representing a source of C for the soil microbial population. Soil addition of all neem cakes (8 g kg-1) and melia leaves (16 g kg-1) had a positive effect on plant growth and increased root N uptake and leaf green colour of micropropagated plants of GF677. In addition, the neem cakes characterized by higher nutrient concentration increased P and K concentration in shoot and leaves 68 days after the amendment. In another experiment, soil incorporation of 15N labeled melia leaves (16 g kg-1) had no effect on the total amount of plant N, however the percentage of melia derived-N of treated plants ranged between 0.8% and 34% during the experiment. At the end of the growing season, about 7% of N added as melia leaves was recovered in plant, while 70% of it was still present in soil. Real C mineralization and the priming effect induced by the addition of the derivatives were quantified by a natural 13C abundance method. The real C mineralization of the derivatives ranged between 22% and 40% of added-C. All the derivatives studied induced a positive priming effect and, 144 days after the amendment, the amount of C primed corresponded to 26% of added-C, for all the derivatives. Despite this substantial priming effect, the C balance of the soil, 144 days after the amendment, always resulted positive.
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Alipour, Siamak. "Conversion of Cellulose from Plant Biomass to 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and its Derivatives in Ionic Liquid Media". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1429780958.
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Nieto-Jacobo, Maria F., Johanna M. Steyaert, Fatima B. Salazar-Badillo, Dianne Vi Nguyen, Michael Rostás, Mark Braithwaite, Souza Jorge T. De i in. "Environmental Growth Conditions of Trichoderma spp. Affects Indole Acetic Acid Derivatives, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Plant Growth Promotion". FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622867.
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Trichoderma species are soil-borne filamentous fungi widely utilized for their many plant health benefits, such as conferring improved growth, disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance to their hosts. Many Trichoderma species are able to produce the auxin phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and its production has been suggested to promote root growth. Here we show that the production of IAA is strain dependent and diverse external stimuli are associated with its production. In in vitro assays, Arabidopsis primary root length was negatively affected by the interaction with some Trichoderma strains. In soil experiments, a continuum effect on plant growth was shown and this was also strain dependent. In plate assays, some strains of Trichoderma spp. inhibited the expression of the auxin reporter gene DR5 in Arabidopsis primary roots but not secondary roots. When Trichoderma spp. and A. thaliana were physically separated, enhancement of both shoot and root biomass, increased root production and chlorophyll content were observed, which strongly suggested that volatile production by the fungus influenced the parameters analyzed. Trichoderma strains T. virens Gv29.8, T. atroviride IMI206040, T. sp. "atroviride B" LU132, and T. asperellum LU1370 were demonstrated to promote plant growth through volatile production. However, contrasting differences were observed with LU1370 which had a negative effect on plant growth in soil but a positive effect in plate assays. Altogether our results suggest that the mechanisms and molecules involved in plant growth promotion by Trichoderma spp. are multivariable and are affected by the environmental conditions.
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Al-Baghdadi, Osamah Basim Khalaf. "Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by derivatives of piperine, an alkaloid from the pepper plant Piper nigrum, for possible use in Parkinson’s disease". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1413741660.
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Mallakin, Ali. "Impacts of structural photomodification of anthracene derivatives on the aquatic higher plant Lemna gibba (Lemnaceae) under actinic radiation and modeling of toxicological risk". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0014/NQ52027.pdf.
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Jiménez-Alemán, Guillermo Hugo [Verfasser], Wilhelm [Gutachter] Boland, Georg [Gutachter] Pohnert i Wolfgang [Gutachter] Brandt. "Synthesis of jasmonates and derivatives to study plant signaling : activation, translocation and shutdown mechanisms / Guillermo Hugo Jiménez-Alemán ; Gutachter: Wilhelm Boland, Georg Pohnert, Wolfgang Brandt". Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1177613816/34.
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Grzegorzewski, Franziska Verfasser], i Lothar [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kroh. "Influence of Non-Thermal Plasma Species on the Structure and Functionality of Isolated and Plant-based 1,4-Benzopyrone Derivatives and Phenolic Acids / Franziska Grzegorzewski. Betreuer: Lothar W. Kroh". Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2010. http://d-nb.info/101461970X/34.
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Zhang, Qi. "The study of novel dioxin antagonist-euxanthone and its derivatives". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2003. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/507.
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Sangwan, Jagbinder Singh. "Obtention in vitro de cellules puis de plantes résistantes a certains herbicides chez le datura innoxia mill. Et le nicotania tabacum l". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077149.
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La mise au point d'un système pour la sélection in vitro de deux solanacées diploïdes et autogames résistantes a l'atrazine, au chlortoluron et au terbutryne, est décrite. Les effets de ces produits ont été détermines sur des cultures d'organes (explants différencies) et sur des cals (tissus indifférencies). Aucune sélection n'est possible a partir de disques foliaires, entre-nœuds, anthères et cals non chlorophylliens. On procede ensuite au repiquage des tissus sur un milieu organogène. On réalise le micro greffage des apex des tiges ainsi formées sur de jeunes plantes issues de germination. On met en évidence que le caractère de résistance est transmis a certains des embryons produits par les plantes greffées
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Daud, M. "Functions whose derivative maps the unit disc into a half plane". Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636355.
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Ho, Xuan Hieu. "On multifractality, Schwarzian derivative and asymptotic variance of whole-plane SLE". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2060/document.
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Soit f une instance du whole-plane $\SLE_\kappa$ : on sait que pour certaines valeurs de κ, p les moments dérivés $\mathbb{E}(\vert f'(z) \vert^p)$ peuvent être écrits sous une forme fermée, étude qui a permis de mettre au jour une nouvelle phase du spectre des moyennes intégrales. Le but de cette thèse est une étude des moments généralisés $\frac{\vert f'(z) \vert^p}{\vert f(z) \vert^q}$ : cette étude permet de confirmer la structure algébrique riche du whole-plane SLE. On montre que les formes fermées des moments mixtes $\mathbb{E}\big(\frac{\vert f'(z) \vert^p}{\vert f(z) \vert^q}\big)$ apparaissent sur une famille dénombrable de paraboles du plan (p, q), en étendant les équations de Beliaev-Smirnov à ce cas. Nous introduisons également le spectre généralisé β(p, q; κ), correspondant au comportement asymptotiques des moyennes intégrales mixtes. Le spectre généralisé moyen du whole-plane SLE prend quatre formes possibles, séparés par cinq séparatrices dans $\R^2$. Nous proposons également une approche semblable pour la dérivée Schwarziene S(f)(z) de l’application de SLE. Les calculs sur les équations de Beliaev-Smirnov d’une certaine générale forme de moment mène à une formulation explicite de $\mathbb{E}(S(f)(z))$ . Nous étudions finalement la variance asymptotique de McMullen et démontrons une relation entre la croissance infinitésimale du spectre de la moyenne intégrale et la variance asymptotique pour SLE₂Let f an instance of the whole-plane $\SLE_\kappa$ conformal map from the unit disk D to the slit plane: We know that for certain values of κ, p the derivative moments $\mathbb{E}(\vert f'(z) \vert^p)$ can be written in a closed form, study that has updated a new phase of the integral means spectrum. The goal of this thesis is a study on generalized moments $\frac{\vert f'(z) \vert^p}{\vert f(z) \vert^q}$ : ΒββThis study permit confirm the rich algebraic structure of the whole-plane version of SLE. It will be showed that closed forms of the mixed moments E mixtes $\mathbb{E}\big(\frac{\vert f'(z) \vert^p}{\vert f(z) \vert^q}\big)$ can be obtained on a countable family of parabolas in the moment plane (p, q), by extending the so-called Beliaev–Smirnov equation to this case. We also introduce the generalized integral means spectrum, β(p, q; κ), corresponding to the singular behavior of the mixed moments. The average generalized spectrum of whole-plane SLE takes four possible forms, separated by five phase transition lines in $\R^2$. We also propose a similar approach for the Schwarzian derivative S(f)(z) of SLE maps. Computations on the Beliaev–Smirnov equation of a certain general form of moment lead to an explicit formula of $\mathbb{E}(S(f)(z))$ . We finally study the McMullen asymptotic variance and prove a relation between the infinitesimal growth of the integral mean spectrum and the asymptotic variance in an expectation sense for SLE₂
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Davies, D. "Application of HPLC analysis to a study of nucleotides and their derivatives in plants". Thesis, Swansea University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636363.
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Procedures for the preliminary purification of plant nucleotide extracts before analysis by HPLC were evaluated for their efficiency in removing phenolics, pigments and other compounds which otherwise interfere. The extracts were obtained either by extracting with a monophasic mixture of methanol, chloroform, water and formic acid (12:5:2:1, by vol.), followed by re-extraction with methanol, water and formic acid (20:78:2, by vol.), or by extracting with 0.6 M perchloric acid followed by neutralization with tri-N-octylamine in Freon. The cleanest sample with respect to these interfering compounds was obtained using PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) batch treatment of a methanol:chloroform:formic acid extract followed by passage through a Cu2+-loaded Chelex column. This procedure also gave good recovery of nucleotides. Plant extracts were analysed for free nucleotides by HPLC using a weak anion-exchange microparticulate column (μBondapak NH_2) with a linear potassium phosphate gradient. The nucleotide contents of several fresh and processed plant foodstuffs were examined. Changes in the concentration of free nucleotides ascribable to food processing are discussed and in particular, reference is made to the observed changes in the concentrations of the nucleotide flavour-enhancers, GMP and IMP. Those changes which were attributed to processing, varied from tissue to tissue. In most cases, the differences in the concentration of GMP and/or IMP between unprocessed and processed tissue was > 20%. The data obtained from this survey were used to assess the total purine nucleotide content of a variety of common plant foodstuffs. For those foodstuffs analysed, the total purine nucleotide content ranged from 5 - 413 nmol.g^-1 tissue and, in foodstuffs which had been cooked, the purine nucleotide content had decreased by comparison with the uncooked foodstuffs. Quantitative analytical data for the free nucleotides of various mature and immature plant foodstuffs are discussed with special reference to the relationship of nucleotide profiles to the metabolic state of each tissue concerned. The HPLC studies were extended to include a preliminary examination of the occurrence of the pyrimidine glucoside 'vicine' in fresh and processed seeds of Vicia faba and other legume seeds. The results obtained represent the first documented occurrence of vicine in the mature dried seed tissue of Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris.
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Choi, In Leng. "Angiogenic effect of a novel Danshensu derivative in zebrafish". Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2542777.
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Huang, Jie Min. "An amentoflavone derivative induces apoptosis and interferes with cell proliferation in melanoma by inhibition of the JAK2STAT3 signaling pathway". Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690910.
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Gogoi, Manoj. "Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller design for robust stability of arbitrary order plants with time-delay and additive uncertainty". Thesis, Wichita State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/3478.
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In the process control industry, majority of control loops are based on Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers. The basic structure of the PID controllers makes it easy to regulate the process output. Design methods leading to an optimal and effective operation of the PID controllers are economically vital for process industries. Robust control has been a recent addition to the field of control engineering that primarily deals with obtaining system robustness in presences of uncertainties. In this thesis, a graphical design method for obtaining the entire range of PID controller gains that robustly stabilize a system in the presence of time delays and additive uncertainty is introduced. This design method primarily depends on the frequency response of the system, which can serve to reduce the complexities involved in plant modeling. The fact that time-delays and parametric uncertainties are almost always present in real time processes makes our controller design method very vital for process control. We have applied our design method to a DC motor model with a communication delay and a single area non-reheat steam generation unit. The results were satisfactory and robust stability was achieved for the perturbed plants.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.
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Loyo-Rosales, Jorge Eduardo. "The fate and behavior of octyl- and nonylphenol ethoxylates and their derivatives in three American wastewater treatment plants and the Back River, Maryland". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3621.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Bonini, Nick. "Comparison of VNIR Derivative and Visible Fluorescence Spectroscopy Methods for Pigment Estimation in an Estuarine Ecosystem: Old Woman Creek, Huron, Ohio". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1382838748.
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at, Peter Michor@esi ac. "Smooth $*$--Algebras". ESI preprints, 2001. ftp://ftp.esi.ac.at/pub/Preprints/esi1046.ps.
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Elleingand, Eric. "Réactivité du radical tyrosinyle de la ribonucléotide réductase : application à la recherche de nouveaux inhibiteurs". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10093.
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La ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) est une enzyme clef qui catalyse la synthese des desoxyribonucleotides, precurseurs de la synthese de l'adn. La petite sous-unite de la rnr de classe i, nommee r2, contient un radical tyrosinyle essentiel pour son activite. Par consequent les piegeurs de radicaux sont de potentiels agents anti-proliferatifs. La structure tridimensionnelle de r2 montre que le radical est enfoui a l'interieur de la proteine. Dans cette these nous avons montre a l'aide de mutants diriges de r2, que la reactivite de ce radical vis a vis des phenols, hydrazines, dithionite, hydroxyuree et ascorbate peut etre changee par de petites modifications au niveau de l'environnement hydrophobe du site radicalaire. Ces resultats laissent penser que de petites molecules chimiques sont capables d'acceder au site radicalaire puisqu'elles sont capables d'interagir avec les residus amines de son environnement. La proteine r2 d'une nouvelle rnr de classe i, celle de m. Tuberculosis, a ete purifiee. La reactivite de son radical tyrosinyle vis a vis d'une serie de piegeurs de radicaux a ete examinee et comparee a celle des radicaux tyrosinyles d'autres rnrs de classe i (e. Coli, a. Thaliana et de souris). Cette etude a permis de mettre en avant la reactivite particuliere de thiols aromatiques et surtout celle du resveratrol, une phytoalexine naturelle, qui s'est avere un remarquable inhibiteur de la rnr de mammiferes et de plantes. Cette molecule pourrait ainsi avoir des applications en tant qu'agent anti-proliferatif ou chimiopreventif du cancer chez l'homme ou en tant qu'herbicide.
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Quelhas, Ana Paula do Canto Lopes Pires Santos. "Longevidade e investimento: reflexão em torno dos fundos de pensões em Portugal". Doctoral thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1372.
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Tese de Doutoramento em GestãoO presente trabalho envolve dois objetivos principais: o de aprofundar o conhecimento do sector dos fundos de pensões em Portugal e o de examinar o conceito de risco de longevidade nas suas várias vertentes, particularmente no modo como o mesmo afeta as decisões de investimento no contexto dos fundos de pensões. Primeiramente, sustentando-nos, essencialmente, numa metodologia descritiva e de revisão da literatura, procurou-se avaliar o modo de interação entre o sistema público e os fundos de pensões nacionais em matéria de provisão de pensões de velhice. A pesquisa conduzida permitiu evidenciar as particularidades subjacentes ao caso nacional, entre as quais destacamos: o caráter tardio da maturação do sistema público de pensões, bem como a relativa generosidade que, em tempo, terá marcado o sistema de proteção social português; o aparente paradoxo que carateriza a transferência dos ativos de alguns dos fundos de pensões para a esfera da segurança social – tal como a responsabilidade de pagamento das pensões que os mesmos visavam financiar – operação esta que parece ter ocorrido ao arrepio da tendência anteriormente observada, mormente no conteúdo do texto das sucessivas Leis de Bases da Segurança Social de 2000, de 2002 e de 2007, onde se encorajava o recurso a esquemas privados de previdência; a fraca transversalidade dos fundos de pensões nacionais, com o total de ativos a representar, em 2013, cerca de 9% do PIB e com o sector bancário a deter cerca de 73% dos fundos profissionais; a relevância do risco de longevidade, o qual não constitui um atributo exclusivo dos sistemas públicos de pensões, mas que se torna particularmente visível no âmbito dos fundos fechados, impondo pressões consideráveis nos níveis de financiamento dos respetivos planos. Seguidamente, tomando a composição do investimento de 56 fundos nacionais destinados ao financiamento de planos de benefício definido, entre 2011 e 2013, por intermédio de análise bivariada, testaram-se algumas hipóteses de investigação, exercício este que permitiu evidenciar a aparente desconexão entre a dimensão dos fundos e a cobertura das responsabilidades afins, bem como a antiguidade e o montante das responsabilidades associadas a cada fundo. Para além disso, explorou-se a eventual existência de «comportamentos de manada» ao nível da composição do investimento dos mesmos fundos, a qual revelou, contudo, ser pouco significativa, o que se poderá dever à reduzida dimensão da amostra. Os resultados obtidos sugerem alguma 5 atipicidade dos fundos de pensões nacionais, os quais parecem ter uma dimensão redutora enquanto meros produtos de investimento, esvaziando-se a sua vertente previdencial. Uma vez sublinhada a relevância do risco de longevidade no contexto dos fundos de pensões, percorrem-se algumas das possibilidades de cobertura, desde os denominados instrumentos tradicionais até aos instrumentos do life-market, ou seja, os longevity-linked assets. Porém, um dos contributos mais relevantes do presente trabalho é o que resulta do desenvolvimento de um modelo multiperíodo, que permite a otimização da taxa de contribuição a realizar, ao longo de T períodos de tempo, para um plano de benefício definido e que se afigura como uma alternativa aos tradicionais modelos de valoração.
This work is committed with two main goals: to improve the knowledge concerning Portuguese pension plans and pension funds, and to examine the concept of longevity risk, taking into consideration its multiple features, mainly the way how it affects the investment process in the context of pension funds. First, based on descriptive and literature review methodologies, the interaction between the state action and the pension funds action in the context of old-age pension provision is scrutinized. This research allowed us to highlight the peculiarities underlying the Portuguese case, such as: the late maturation of the Portuguese pension system, and also the relative generosity that, at a certain point, have marked the Portuguese social protection system; the possible paradox that involves the transfer of the some pension funds’ assets to the sphere of social security – at the responsibility to pay the relates pensions as well – which operation seems to be contradictory with the tendency previously observed, taking into consideration the text of the successive Basic Laws of Social Security in 2000, 2002 and 2007, within which the use of private pension schemes was encouraged; the weak representativeness of national pension funds, with total assets corresponding, in 2013, roughly to 9% of GDP, and with the banking sector holding about 73% of professional pension funds; the relevance of longevity risk, which undermines not only the public pension system, becoming particularly visible within the closed funds, and imposing huge pressure on the own plans funding levels. Afterwards, taking into consideration 56 national pension plans’ investment composition, from 2011 to 2013, using bivariate analysis, some research hypotheses are tested. This exercise highlighted the apparent disconnect between the funds’ size and coverage of related responsibilities, and also between the matureness and the amount of liabilities associated with each fund. Furthermore, the possible existence of herd behaviour between these funds at the level of their investment composition is also explored. This possibility did not reveal to be significant, may be due to the sample dimension. These results suggest some atypicality of national pension funds, which seem to only have a financial dimension, disregarding their welfare features. As long the relevance of longevity risk in the context of pension funds has been emphasized, some of hedging possibilities are discussed, from the usually named traditional 7 instruments to the life-market instruments, the so-called longevity-linked assets. However, one of the most relevant contributions of this work is the development of a multi-period model, which allows us to optimize the contribution rate, over T periods of time, for a defined benefit plan and may be seen as an alternative approach to traditional valuation models.
Orientação: Prof. Doutor Luís Miguel da Mata Artur Dias Pacheco
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Andreani, Stéphane. "Valorisation d'espèces envahissantes des genres Xanthium et Senecio : caractérisation, variabilité chimique et activités des huiles essentielles". Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0008/document.
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La prolifération d’espèces invasives est un problème mondial. Après la pollution et la destruction des habitats, l’introduction d’espèces exogènes est une des principales causes de la disparition de la biodiversité animale et végétale dans le monde. La Corse n’est pas épargnée par le phénomène ; en effet, chaque année nous dénombrons de plus en plus d’espèces végétales introduites, potentiellement envahissantes et dangereuses pour l’écosystème insulaire. Si elles ne sont pas contrôlées, ces plantes peuvent rapidement gagner du terrain et s’installer durablement en raison de leurs facultés d’adaptation à divers écosystèmes.C’est dans ce contexte que nous sommes intéressés à quatre plantes de la famille des Astéracées considérées comme envahissantes : deux espèces du genre Xanthium (Xanthium italicum et X. spinosum) et deux espèces du genre Senecio (Senecio angulatus et S. inaequidens). L’objectif principal était d’initier une possible voie de valorisation de ces espèces par la production d’huile essentielle ; cela permettrait d’une part de limiter la dissémination et d’autre part, de générer un débouché économique.Par ailleurs, nous avons étendu ce travail à Limbarda crithmoides et à six espèces du genre Senecio poussant à l’état spontané en Corse. Une approche chimiotaxonomique réalisée à partir de 180 échantillons d’huiles essentielles du genre Senecio a conduit à différencier les espèces dites halotolérantes (S. aquaticus, S. transiens et S. cineraria) des espèces plus « terrestres » (S. vulgaris, S. angulatus, S. inaequidens, S. serpentinicola et S. lividus). L’étude de la variabilité chimique intraspécifique a permis de mettre en évidence des corrélations entre la composition chimique des huiles essentielles et le polymorphisme des taxons et/ou des facteurs édaphiques. L’étude du genre Senecio a également conduit à la caractérisation de deux nouvelles molécules, l’oxyde d’acétoxybisabolène et le 8-acétoxybisabolène 1,9-diol, isolées de l’huile essentielle de S. transiens (espèce endémique de Corse).D’un point de vue plus appliqué, les mesures des activités anti-radicalaires et anticorrosives des huiles essentielles ont démontré le potentiel de certaines espèces comme sources d’anti-oxydants naturels (notamment, Xanthium italicum et X. spinosum) mais aussi le pouvoir anticorrosif de la cacalohastine, isolée de l’huile essentielle de S. inaequidens (espèce invasive)The proliferation of invasive species is a global problem. The introduction of exogenous species is after pollution and habitat destruction a major cause of the disappearance of the worldwide plant and animal biodiversity. Corsica is not spare to the phenomenon and every year there are numerous dangerous species which are introduced to the island ecosystem.In this study, we have studied four invasive species of Asteraceae (X. italicum, X. spinosum, S. angulatus and S. inaequidens) from Corsica. The aim of this study is to initiate a possible valuation pathway of these species by production of their essential oils. For this purpose, we investigated the chemical variability of each essential oil and their antioxidant and anticorrosive activities. Then we have extended our investigations to the others species of Senecio genus and to Limbarda crithmoides, anciently parented taxa.GC and GC/MS analysis allowed the identification of 107 and 74 components which accounted for 98.7 and 93.5% of the X. italicum and X. spinosum essential oils, respectively. Essential oils of X. italicum and X. spinosum were dominated by hydrocarbon monoterpenes (66.2%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (41.5%), respectively. The same metabolomic pathways seem occur for both species during the vegetative cycle of the plant: oxygenated sesquiterpene-production was higher during the flowering stage. Moreover the study of 25 sample oils of X. italicum and X. spinosum showed that the chemical variability of both essential oils could be linked to morphological characters.A comprehensive work on the chemical variability of 180 sample oils of Senecio was carried out and 251 components were identified. Among them, using mono and bi-dimensional NMR the structures of 8-acetoxybisabolene-1,9-diol and 8-acetoxy-1,9-oxobisabolene, two new components of S. transiens essential oil were described for the first time. Corsican Senecio species exhibited interspecies chemical variability: the halotolerant Senecio species (S. transiens, S. cineraria and S. aquaticus erraticus) were characterized by essential oils dominated by non-terpenic compounds while the so-called “terrestrial” Senecio species (S. angulatus, S. ineaquidens, S. lividus, S. vulgaris and S. serpentinicola) exhibited terpenic component-rich oils. The study of intra-species chemical variability highlighted direct correlations between the plant-production of secondary metabolites and the nature of soils on which S. lividus, S. vulgaris and S. transiens grows. Hence essential oil compositions and morphological polymorphism are indirectly related. In the same way, the chemical variability of S. cineraria essential oils seems to be linked to the geology of the soils while the oil diversity of the invasive S. angulatus, could be linked to the both spots of introduction on Corsica Island. In addition, an original chiral-gas chromatographic method was improved and applied to the main components of the essential oils in order to complement the chemical composition of the Senecio sample oils.Furthermore the originality of Corsican Limbarda crithmoides essential was highlighted by the occurrence of two p-cymenene derivatives, never reported in the related studies from literature. The investigation of 25 Corsican L. crithmoides focuses on a direct correlation between the water salinities of the plant locations and the chemical compositions of the essential oils.Finally the antioxidant activities, anti-free radical and reducing power, were measured on some essential oils of the studied species. Essential oils of the Xanthium genus appeared to be most effectives. In addition, anticorrosion properties of the essential oils were investigated and the best corrosion inhibiting activity was exhibited by those of S. inaequidens . Anticorrosion activity could be attributed to the cacalohastine, a naphtalofuranic component, isolated form the whole essential oil after column chromatography
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Pan, Hongbo. "Origination of Ds elements from Ac elements in maize characterization of Ac derivatives from bz-m39(Ac)". 2008. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.17539.
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SINGH, DEEPAK. "IN-SILICO DOCKING STUDIES OF COPPER-ZINC SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND PLANT DERIVATIVES TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS". Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15075.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a dynamic and lethal disorder caused by degeneration of
motor neurons. Most cases of ALS show up sporadically, however around 15-20% of patients
have family histories of ALS. It causes muscle weakness and atrophy in entire body due to
degeneration of motor neurons. The patients loose all their voluntary muscle functions as the
disease progresses but the cognitive and sensory functions remain intact. In spite of the fact that
the exact reason for the dominant part of cases is still obscure, mutations in chromosome 21
encoding copper zinc superoxide dismutase ( SOD1 ) has been found in 12-22% of familial
cases of the disease. There are evidences that oxidative stress causes death of motor neurons.
This enzyme is a powerful antioxidant that protects the cells from damage caused by superoxide,
a toxic free radical generated in mitochondria. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules
produced by mitochondria during normal metabolism. Free radicals can accumulate and cause
damage to DNA and proteins within cells. Till now, over 110 mutations in SOD1 have been
linked with ALS disorder. When the defense against oxidative stress fails, programmed cell
death (apoptosis) is up-regulated and the motor neurons die. Currently there is only one drug
riluzole which is available for the treatment of ALS but it just improves the life of patient by two
to three months. We are looking for possible plant derivatives such as alkaloids, terpenoids and
flavonoids which may be used as drugs for the cure of ALS.
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Chen, Jyun-wei, i 陳俊維. "Determination of Benzoxazinone Derivatives in Soil from Growing Genetically-Modified Plant by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56265644623459925874.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
應用化學系碩士班
97
Contents of the benzoxazinone derivatives in soils from growing genetically-modified plant and non genetically-modified plant were difference at genetically-modified papaya of Hawaii with an environmental security assess from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The study, determined of benzoxazinone derivatives in soil from growing genetically-modified plant by HPLC, suggest according to the USDA and consulted the method of European Union Project. Extraction conditions for benzoxazinone were MeOH (1% HOAc). The soil from Taitung peinan and Miaoli touwu was a loam and sandy clay loam. Extraction conditions for benzoxazinone extraction were ultrasonic. BOA is not detected in the soils which grew genetically-modified plants and non-genetically-modified plants. The quantity of MBOA contained in the soil which grew genetically-modified plants (0.61±0.05 μg/g soil) is higher than the quantity contained in the soil which grew non-genetically-modified plants (0.41±0.04 μg/g soil). The accuracy RSD of MBOA contained in the soil which sandy loam (7.4%) is best than accuracy RSD contained in the soil which clay loam (9.2%) and loam (10.9%). The recovery of BOA and MBOA by using MeOH (1.0% HOAc) from the loam are 97.2 and 116.0% individually, in which 12 μg standard solution was added. The recovery of BOA and MBOA by using MeOH (1.0% HOAc) from the sandy loam are 99.6 and 103.1% individually, in which 12 μg standard solution was added. For sandy loam, the recovery of BOA and MBOA are 99.6% and 103.1% individually. The MDL of BOA and MBOA in the loam are 0.12 μg/g soil. These MDL in sandy loam for BOA and MBOA are 0.10 and 0.08 μg/g soil individually.
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Ramonetha, Thata Golden. "Synthetic and spectroscopic studies of 6-substituted chromone derivatives". Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/772.
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"Bispecific Antibodies for the Treatment of Co-Circulating Flaviviruses and Antibody Derivatives for Diagnostics in Checkpoint Immunotherapy". Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.55649.
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abstract: Flaviviruses (FVs) are among the most medically important arboviruses of the world with the Dengue virus (DENV) accounting for a large percentage of infections observed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Globalization, travel, and the expanding range of mosquito vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, have increased the potential of infection rates and illnesses associated with FVs.
The DENV and the Zika (ZIKV) FVs frequently co-circulate and generally cause mild self-liming febrile illnesses. However, a secondary infection with a heterologous DENV serotype may lead to life threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). DHF/DSS have been linked to antibody dependent enhancement of infection (ADE), a phenomenon that occurs when antibodies (Abs) formed against an initial infection with one serotype of DENV cross-reacts but does not neutralize a heterologous DENV serotype in a secondary infection. Furthermore, Abs raised against the ZIKV have been observed to cross-react with the DENV and vice versa, which can potentially cause ADE and lead to severe DENV disease. The ZIKV can be transmitted vertically and has been linked to devastating congenital defects such as microcephaly in newborns. FDA approved treatments do not exist for DENV and ZIKV illnesses. Thus, there is a need for safe and effective treatments for these co-circulating viruses. Here, a tetravalent bispecific antibody (bsAb) targeting the ZIKV and all four serotypes of the DENV was expressed in the Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plant. Functional assays of the DENV/ZIKV bsAb demonstrated binding, neutralization, and a significant reduction in ADE activity against both the DENV and the ZIKV.
A single chain variable fragment (scFv) and a diabody based on an antibody directed against the immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1, were also expressed in N. benthamiana leaves. The smaller sizes of the scFv and diabody confers them with the ability to penetrate deeper tissues making them beneficial in diagnostics, imaging, and possibly cancer therapy. The past few decades has seen long strives in recombinant protein production in plants with significant improvements in production, safety, and efficacy. These characteristics make plants an attractive platform for the production of recombinant proteins, biologics, and therapeutics.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Molecular and Cellular Biology 2019
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Collins, Daniel. "A HPLC-ESI-MS/MS Study of Hydroxybenzoic Acids and Related Derivatives in Commercial Seaweed Biostimulants and their Plant Growth Bioactivity". Thesis, 2022. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/44693/.
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The rapidly growing world population, increasing severity of climate change, and constantly evolving environmental pressures have drawn into question whether current agricultural practices can meet the growing food demands healthily, equitably and sustainably. This has resulted in the rising popularity of natural biostimulants, particularly seaweed extracts, to increase crop productivity in an eco-friendly and safe manner. To better understand the complex modes of action underpinning the well-reported benefits of seaweed biostimulants to crops, their phytochemical composition requires further characterisation. Hydroxybenzoic acids, a subclass of phenolic acids, are an important class of phytochemicals and the aim of this study was to characterise their profile in commercial seaweed biostimulants. This work used modern analytical technologies to investigate salicylic acid and other benzoic acid derivatives in a commercial seaweed biostimulant, and then assessed the biological activity of the monohydroxybenzoic acids using plant growth assays.
Qualitative HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods were developed for the analysis of hydroxybenzoic acids and related derivatives. The various benzoic acid derivatives investigated include monohydroxybenzoic acids, dihydroxybenzoic acids, trihydroxybenzoic acids, methoxylated hydroxybenzoic acids, methoxylated benzoic acids, and an amino substituted benzoic acid. The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods for the analysis of the various derivatives were then employed to investigate the presence of these compounds in the commercial seaweed biostimulant. The compounds found to be present were the monohydroxybenzoic acids, 2,3- and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, and anthranilic acid.
A HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the analysis of the monohydroxybenzoic acids was optimised and partially validated for the quantification of salicylic acid and its isomers in a commercial seaweed biostimulant. Sample preparation employed acidified acetonitrile partitioning of the seaweed biostimulant before mixed-mode solid-phase extraction. The three isomers were successfully separated using a reversed-phase biphenyl stationary phase with a methanol/water mobile phase acidified with formic acid. The MS/MS detection employed the characteristic MRM transition of m/z 137 93 of the monohydroxybenzoic acids. The concentrations of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in a commercial seaweed biostimulant were found to be 137, 3409, and 1748 μg/L, respectively.
Tomato seedling plant growth bioassays were conducted to investigate the biological effects of salicylic acid and its isomers on plant growth. Fresh and dry root and shoot weight data along with longest root length data were assessed to evaluate the biological effects of the various treatments on tomato seedling growth. It was found that a significant increase in root growth was observed when the commercial seaweed biostimulant was fortified with a combination of the three monohydroxybenzoic acids, using dosages that correlate to the concentrations determined in the seaweed biostimulant in this study.
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Cole, Barrie Michael. "Enhancing sustainability of chemical plant operations through dual objective holistic optimisation - the case of an integrated ammonia and nitrogen-derivatives production facility". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/5914.
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In recent years, there has been much improvement in the theory and
application of mathematical optimisation. Optimisation techniques have now
been developed for conditions of uncertainty (fuzzy) and probability
(stochastic) and together with existing methodologies, such as linear
programming and multiple objectivity, a very powerful set of tools is now
available to enable the determination of the ‘best’ solution for most operational
scenarios under a variety of uncertain operating conditions.
Optimisation techniques are currently available for most scenarios involving
conditions of uncertainty, e.g. Fuzzy Optimisation, Stochastic Optimisation
and Multi-Objective Optimisation. However, very few techniques exist for
combinatorial optimisation scenarios, e.g. Stochastic Fuzzy Optimisation and
Multi-Objective Fuzzy Optimisation and only one optimisation technique was
discovered that covered three different conditions of uncertainty, i.e. Multisub-
objective Stochastic Fuzzy Optimisation.
However, in the chemical industry, quite a few production operations exist that
would greatly benefit if an optimisation methodology existed that covered four
different simultaneous conditions of uncertainty, i.e. Multiple Objectivity,
Fuzziness, Stochastics and Minmax (simultaneous maximum and minimum
solution). A case in point is the interrelated production of ammonia (NH3) and
its downstream nitrogen-derivatives such as nitric acid (HNO3), ammonium
nitrate solution (NH4NO3.H2O), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and limestone
ammonium nitrate. Such an operation is characterised by conditions of
Fuzziness (uncertainty in product demand), Stochastics (probability
distribution of hydrogen in coal, one of the ammonia production raw
materials), Multi-objectives (e.g. the need to simultaneously maximise
production in a number of different plants) and Minmax (e.g. the need to
maximise production while simultaneously minimising effluent discharge)
In this research project, a 4 – Way (Multi-sub-objective, Stochastic, Fuzzy,
and Minmax) Optimisation methodology was successfully derived, based on
existing singular optimisation methodologies, and successfully applied to the
interrelated ammonia and downstream nitrogen-derivatives production facility.
The Holistic Optimisation methodology derived could be easily applied to a
wide variety of chemical and operational scenarios.
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Wang, Xinyu 1974 Aug 12. "Amelioration of oxidative stress in human endothelial cells by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and fluorinated derivatives (FCAPES) and pharmacokinetic characterization of CAPE and FCAPE in rats". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3716.
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Tissue ischemia is a major cause of morbidity contributing to disease processes such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, cancer, and traumatic injury and may lead to death. Failure to quickly reestablish flow to ischemic tissue results in tissue death. However, even timely return to normal flow has a downside in that the reintroduction of oxygen to ischemic tissue results in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that produces an oxidant stress. This pathological process requires new therapeutic strategies and agents to reduce the personal, social and economic loss. One of the most generally accepted mechanisms for the pathology of I/R injury is the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting antioxidants may ameliorate I/R injury. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a plant derived polyphenolic compound, has been shown to protect organs from I/R induced damage in vivo, and this effect has been attributed to its antioxidant activity. To better understand the mechanism of CAPE protection, a model using menadione-induced oxidative stress in human endothelial cells to simulate I/R injury in vitro was developed. Gene expression analysis was performed with microarrays undergoing cytoprotection with CAPE. The dose-dependent cytoprotection of CAPE has been related to its induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). With the aim of improving the beneficial effect of CAPE and understanding structure activity relationship, six new catechol ring-fluorinated CAPE derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in the menadione-endothelial cell model. The data suggest good cytoprotective effects of CAPE and some analogues and indicate important structural features for cytoprotection. Further investigation of the mechanism of cytoprotection showed that cytoprotection profiles of CAPE and derivatives correlate better to their ability to induce HO-1 in human endothelial cells than free radical scavenging activity. One CAPE derivative (FCAPE) with cytoprotective effects similar to CAPE in vitro exhibited better stability in rat plasma. A validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method was developed that allowed for quantification of CAPE and FCAPE in plasma samples. Pharmacokinetic studies in male Sprague Dawley rats following intravenous bolus administration of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg CAPE and 20 mg/kg FCAPE were performed. The results indicate that dose proportionality for CAPE does not exist in the dose range studied. Although the elimination half life was found not to be significant different between CAPE and FCAPE, significant difference was observed between the total body clearance of FCAPE and CAPE which may due to the difference in volume of distribution.
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Graclíková, Bohumila. "Vliv derivátů pyrazinu na obsah sekundárních metabolitů v in vitro kulturách rostlin I". Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412106.
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1 Abstract Elicitation method is one way to increase the production of secondary metabolites in in vitro of plant cultures and this work deals with this problem. Its aim was to find the positive effect of 2-hydroxy-4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxamide)benzoic acid from the group of pyrazine derivates on the production of isoflavonoids in in vitro cultures of Genista tinctoria L. Isoflavonoids play an important role in therapy of climacteric problems or they are promising substances of therapy various cancer types due to their affinity to estrogens β-receptors. This plant or rather its in vitro cultures are a potencial sources of isoflavonoids. Suspension and callus cultures of Genista tinctoria L. were used for elicitation. They were cultivated on Schenk & Hildebrant medium with the addition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as growth regulator at a concentration of 1 ml/l. The elicitor solution was added to the cultures at three concentrations: 3.3642 × 10-3 mol/l; 3.3642 × 10-4 mol/l; 3.3642 × 10-5 mol/l. The samples were taken at intervals of 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours and then they were analyzed by HPLC method. At the same time intervals the samples of medium, where isoflavonoids were released, were analyzed. The biggest production of isoflavonoid was reached in suspension culture. The...
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Hanzlíková, Tereza. "Vliv derivátů pyrazinu na obsah sekundárních metabolitů v in vitro kulturách rostlin II". Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434993.
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The main purpose of the theses was to find if the abiotic elicitor 2,4,6-trimethyl-N-(pyrazine- 2-yl)benzenesulfonamide has any influence on the secondary metabolites production in callus and suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum L. The cultivation was taking place in the Murashige a Skoog (MS) nutrient medium enriched by the growth regulator - alpha-naphthyl acetic acid at the concentration of 1 mg.L-1 . The elicitor was added to the cultures at the three levels of concentration: c1= 100.0 mg/100 ml; c2= 10.0 mg/100 ml; c3= 1.00 mg/100 ml. The individual samples were taken after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours of the elicitor application. The control samples without the elicitor were taken after 6, 48 and 168 hours. The collected samples were dried and subsequently transformed into methanol extracts in order to determine secondary metabolites content (rutin, hyperoside and quercetin) by HPLC method. Release of these metabolites into nutrient media was also subject of this observation. The elicitation has influenced production of the secondary metabolites, particularly in callus cultures, wherein several statistically significant values, characterizing increase in their production, were measured. The highest content of rutin (0.169 mg.g-1 DW) was determined in callus culture after 168 hours when...
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Tee, Choon Yang. "Structure-function analysis of an autoactive derivative of the tomato Cf-9 disease resistance protein". Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110756.
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An autoactive chimera of the tomato extracellular leucine-rich
repeat receptor-like protein Cf-9, designated Hcr9-M205 has been
characterized previously as exhibiting characteristics of
constitutive defence activation (Barker et al., 2006b). The
initial work of this thesis (Chapter 3) involved generation and
assessment of transgenic tobacco containing an E22 (PR-5)
promoter: gusA reporter construct as a quantitative reporter for
Hcr9-M205 autoactivity in Agrobacterium-mediated transient
expression (agroinfiltration) assays. Time course analysis showed
that the induction of E22 promoter preceded the necrotic response
induced by Hcr9-M205, providing an early indication of defence
activation. Further characterization of the E22 promoter (Chapter
4) by incubating the E22: gusA tobacco leaf disks in different
defence-inducing compounds using a multi-well plate set-up
indicated the defence-inducible nature of E22 promoter including
antagonistic regulation by salicylic acid and jasmonic acid,
activation by ethylene and synergistic activation by salicylic
acid and cytokinin; demonstrating the applicability of the leaf
disks assays in screening potential plant defence activators.
Chapter 5 presents the structure-function analysis of the
Hcr9-M205 protein. Previously, domain swapping analysis
identified key regions involved in the control of Hcr9-M205
autoactivity namely a mismatch between LRRs 10-17 of Hcr9-9A (an
upstream Cf-9 paralogue) and Cf-9 LRR 18 required for basal level
of autoactivity and an additional Cf-9 C-terminal region
comprising the loop-out domain and LRRs 24-26 for complete level
of autoactivity (Anderson et al. in preparation). This thesis
focuses on the proposed signalling repression domain in LRRs
10-17. Domain swapping analysis showed that an Hcr9-9A
substitution in Cf-9 LRRs 15-17 was sufficient to cause
autoactivity, suggesting that LRRs 15-17 and LRR 18 normally
interacts for Cf-9 autoinhibition. The specificity-determining
residues located at the solvent-exposed positions in the concave
β-sheet surface of Cf-9 LRRs 13-16 required for Avr9 recognition
(Wulff et al., 2009b) lie in the signalling repression domain and
overlap the polymorphic positions involved in autoactivity,
providing a basis for site-directed mutagenesis analysis.
Introduction of these residues into the corresponding positions
in Hcr9-M205 via site-directed mutagenesis revealed that those
located the closest to LRR 18 had the greatest effects in
signalling repression: Y389 of LRR 13 and E411 of LRR 14 did not
significantly affect autoactivity, A433 of LRR 15 marginally
repressed autoactivity whereas L457 of LRR 16 completely
abolished autoactivity, similar to L481 of LRR 17 shown by
Anderson et al. (in preparation). These findings were consistent
with the notion that Cf-9 is autoinhibited by interactions
between LRRs 15-17 and LRR 18. Unexpectedly, introduction of C387
of LRR 13 into Hcr9-M205 enhanced autoactivity. Sequence analysis
comparing the Hcr9-M205(L389C) mutant containing C387 in
Hcr9-M205, the CLB103V(14) domain swap that exhibited enhanced
autoactivity and domain swaps that did not indicated that this
phenomenon only occurred with an additional Hcr9-9A substitution
spanning LRRs 14-17, suggesting that C387 may enhance signal
activation upon Avr9-induced derepression and a possible role of
E411 of LRR 14 in signalling repression. The data revealing some
of the specificity-determining residues in signalling repression
suggest that Avr9 recognition may directly compete with the
autoinhibitory interactions mediated by these residues for Cf-9
activation.
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Selepe, Mamoalosi Alix-Maria. "Synthesis and analysis of Eriosema isoflavonoids and derivatives thereof". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6409.
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Kraussianone 1 and kraussianone 2 were previously isolated as active compounds from the roots of Eriosema kraussianum Meisn., a plant used for the treatment of male impotence and urinary complaints in KwaZulu-Natal. The objectives of this study were firstly, to develop a method for the analysis of metabolites from E. kraussianum and other Eriosema plants that are used for erectile dysfunction and secondly, to develop synthetic methods for
kraussianone 1 and structurally related compounds.
A reversed-phase HPLC-PDA method was developed for the analysis of the extracts of plants from different sources, two of which were authentic E. kraussianum collected from the Drakensberg and Pietermaritzburg. The roots of other Eriosema species called ubangalala and uqonsi in Isizulu were also analysed. These plants were bought from the local herbal traders. The extracts of the two E. kraussianum plants and one uqonsi sample
showed a similar chemical profile, even though there were variations in the relative concentrations of the metabolites within each plant. In these three plants, kraussianone 1, the most active metabolite of E. kraussianum, occurred in relatively low quantities, whereas kraussianone 2 was one of the major constituents. The other commercial plants that were analysed contained different compounds from those found in E. kraussianum.
The HPLC method developed herein facilitates rapid identification and relative quantification of metabolites from E. kraussianum.
Strategies based on semi-synthesis and total synthesis were employed for the preparation of kraussianone 1. The semi-synthetic route was based on the transformation of the prenyl side chain of kraussianone 2 into a linear dimethylpyran scaffold fused to the A-ring. Two routes were investigated for the semi-synthesis of kraussianone 1 from kraussianone 2. In
the first route, the dimethylchromene ring was to be prepared by the acid-catalysed cyclisation of the prenyl group of kraussianone 2, followed by dehydrogenation of the resulting dimethylchroman chromophore. This route was abandoned due to poor regioselectivity of the cyclisation reaction and the difficulty of oxidising the dimethylchroman scaffold on the phloroglucinol moiety into a dimethylchromene. The second strategy involved selective protection of the OH-2', followed by DDQ-mediated oxidative cyclisation of the prenyl group to OH-7. This was the most viable route and
kraussianone 1 was prepared in an overall yield of 54% from kraussianone 2.
The total synthesis of kraussianone 1, on the other hand, employed the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction for the construction of the isoflavone nucleus and the regioselective introduction of the dimethylpyran scaffolds to the A- and B-rings. The key precursors in this synthesis were 3-iodo-5,7-dimethoxymethoxychromone and a boronic acid coupling partner, 7-
benzyloxy-2,2-dimethylchromene-6-boronic acid, already bearing the prerequisite chromene scaffold attached to the B-ring. The isoflavones genistein, 2-hydroxygenistein, eriosemaone D and a geranyl analogue of kraussianone 1 were prepared via the route developed for the total synthesis of kraussianone 1 by structural modifications of rings A and B. Furthermore, this synthetic approach was expanded to the synthesis of the
coumarochromones lupinalbin A and lupinalbin H. The development of the feasible semi-synthetic and total synthetic routes described herein
for kraussianone 1 is of importance for the production of material for an in depth study of the pharmacological activities and the structure-activity relationship studies of kraussianone 1 and related compounds.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2011.
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"Structure and synthesis of Phloroglucinol derivatives from Hypericum roeperianum". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/642.
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Pillay, Adushan. "Synthesis and biological activity of aloin derivatives". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/192.
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This project is focused on the synthesis and biological activity of aloin and derivatives. Aloin
is a C-glucoside anthrone that is found in Aloe marlothii, a common Southern African plant
used in traditional medicine. Aloin was isolated from A. marlothii, employing a selective
chelation isolation procedure. This compound is known to have numerous biologically active
properties, and can be used as a laxative, an anti-bacterial agent, an anti-oxidant, and as a
cytotoxic drug against breast and ovarian tumour cell lines. More relevant to this research
investigation, was the reported anti-inflammatory activity of aloin. Specifically, the inhibitory
activity of aloin on matrix metalloproteinases, which when excessively secreted, can lead to
the development of osteoarthritis and cancer metastasis. Aloin has also been reported to have
antiplasmodial activity, which was also investigated.
Aloin was synthetically transformed into several derivatives, which could be potentially useful
medicinal compounds. The choice of derivatives to be made was based upon (i) known
biologically active compounds (e.g. aloe-emodin) and (ii) interesting biologically active
functional groups (e.g. amines). These aloin derivatives include aloe-emodin, rheinal, rhein
and three amine derivatives. Homonataloin, an aloin-analogue, which was also isolated from
A. marlothii, was synthetically transformed into nataloe-emodin. These two compounds serve
as aloin structural analogues for the biological testing. Aloin and derivatives were
characterised using NMR, HR-MS, UV and IR, which allowed for their unambiguous
structural elucidation.
Aloin and derivatives were all tested for (i) possible inhibition towards MMP-2 and MMP-9,
which are the two most common MMPs in the blood, and (ii) antiplasmodial activity against
chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Doxycycline, a clinical tetracycline
drug, was used as a reference compound for the biological assays, since it shares many
common structural features with aloin and derivatives. 11-(Piperidin-1-yl)chrysophanol and
11-(morpholin-1-yl)chrysophanol proved to be the most potent selective MMP-2 inhibitors.
11-(Piperidin-1-yl)chrysophanol was also found to be the most potent against P. falciparum
parasite, along with 11-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)chrysophanol. Aloin has been shown to be a cheap, easily obtainable lead compound that could facilitate the
production of a range of powerful medicinal drugs.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.
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"Model study and partial synthesis of prehispanolone and derivatives from hispanolone". Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895462.
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En Si Wang.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-140 (2nd gp.)).
Acknowledgements --- p.i
Contents --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.iv
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations --- p.vi
introduction --- p.1
Chapter I. --- "Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)´ؤPast, Present, and Future" --- p.1
Chapter I-1. --- What is PAF? --- p.1
Chapter I-2. --- Biochemistry of PAF --- p.2
Chapter I-2-1. --- Metabolic Cycle of PAF --- p.3
Chapter I-2-1-A. --- Biosynthesis of PAF --- p.4
Chapter I-2-1 -B. --- Inactivation of PAF --- p.6
Chapter I-2-2. --- Role of Endogenous PAF in Cell --- p.7
Chapter I-3. --- Chemistry of PAF --- p.8
Chapter I-4. --- Pathobiology of PAF --- p.9
Chapter II. --- PAF Receptor --- p.10
Chapter II-1. --- Presence and Characteristics of PAF Receptor --- p.10
Chapter II-l-l. --- Solubilization of PAF Receptor --- p.10
Chapter II-1-2. --- G-Protein Involvement --- p.11
Chapter II-1-3. --- Species Differences --- p.11
Chapter II-1-4. --- Multiple Conformational States of PAF Receptor --- p.12
Chapter II-1-5. --- PAF Receptor Heterogeneity --- p.12
Chapter II-2. --- Putative Conformation of PAF Membrane Binding Sites --- p.13
Chapter II-3. --- Recent Progress in PAF Receptor Research --- p.15
Chapter III. --- PAF Receptor Antagonist --- p.18
Chapter III-1. --- Classification of PAF Antagonists --- p.18
Chapter III-2. --- Inhibition Types of PAF Receptor Antagonists --- p.19
Chapter III-2-1. --- Nonspecific Inhibition of the Effects of PAF --- p.21
Chapter III-2-2. --- Specific Inhibition of PAF --- p.22
Chapter III-3. --- Recent Progress in PAF Receptor Antagonist Research --- p.22
Chapter IV. --- Pharmacology and Syntheses of Spiro-Ether Structural Units --- p.26
Chapter IV-1. --- Natural Products Containing Spiro-Ether and Related Structural Units --- p.30
Chapter IV-1-1. --- Labdane Diterpenoids Containing Spiro-Ether Structural Units --- p.30
Chapter IV-1-2. --- Leucodrin and Related Derivatives --- p.32
Chapter IV-2. --- Synthetic Methods of Spiro-Ethers and Related Derivatives --- p.34
Chapter V. --- Aim of the Present Work --- p.45
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.47
Chapter I. --- Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Prehispanolone (1) and Preleoheterin (3) --- p.47
Chapter I-1. --- Material and Isolation --- p.47
Chapter I-2. --- Structure Elucidation of Prehispanolone (1) and Preleoheterin (3) --- p.47
Chapter II. --- Synthesis of Model Compounds --- p.53
Chapter II-l. --- "Synthesis of 2-Methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane (137)" --- p.53
Chapter II-2. --- "Synthesis of 2,2-Dimethyl-l,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane (139)" --- p.68
Chapter II-3. --- "Synthesis of 2,2-Diphenyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane (141) and 2,2-Diphenyl-l,7-dioxaspiro[4.4]non-8-ene (142)" --- p.72
Chapter III. --- "Partial Synthesis of 13R, 14,15-Dihydroprehispanolone (5)，13S,14,15-Di- hydroprehispanolone (135) and prehispanolone (1)" --- p.76
CONCLUSION --- p.89
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION --- p.91
REFERENCES --- p.126
APPENDIX --- p.141
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Lopes, João Pedro Henriques Guerra e. Ova. "Caffeine: Mobile kiosk for coffee and coffee derivatives". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19407.
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Coffee culture is ingrained in the roots of people, culture and history of Portugal. Considered one of the most traded and consumed products on every continent, coffee is embedded in the routine of Portuguese being considered as a social act, typically carried out outside home.
But the landscape of coffee retail in Portugal is changing. The new ways of life, the modernization of the Portuguese society and the increase in tourism mark a new social dynamic. With this, also HORECA evolves, creating stores with new formats which respond to different needs and desires.
Furthermore, the handcrafted process of serving coffee and the experience associated with it has been growing as a trend, what provides a great challenge for brands.
The project below studies the proposal of launching a mobile kiosk in particularly busy areas within the city of Lisbon that will offer consumers coffee and coffee derivatives in a "take-away" style.
Overall, this paper presents an analysis to the coffee landscape in the country that sets the basis for the development of a new concept, brand and business that focus on simplifying consumer’s lives by offering a good product and service, in a potentially growing green economy.
This project is part of the Masters in Marketing and conveys the creation of a Business Plan. This plan should serve as a guide to the implementation of this venture.A cultura do café está enraizada nas pessoas, na cultura e na história de Portugal. Considerado um dos produtos mais comercializados e consumidos em todos os continentes, o café está inserido na rotina dos portugueses, sendo considerado como um ato/evento/atividade/ritual social, tipicamente realizado fora de casa. Mas o panorama do mercado de retalho de café em Portugal está a mudar. As novas formas de vida, a modernização da sociedade portuguesa e o aumento do turismo marcam uma nova dinâmica social. Com isto, também o HORECA evolui, criando lojas com novos formatos que respondem a diferentes necessidades e expectativas desejos dos consumidores. Além disso, o processo artesanal de servir café e a experiência que lhe está associada tem vindo a crescer enquanto tendência, o que representa um desafio para as marcas. O projeto abaixo estuda a proposta de lançamento de um quiosque móvel em zonas particularmente movimentadas da cidade de Lisboa que irá oferecer aos consumidores café e respetivos derivados em estilo "take-away". Assim, este plano apresenta uma análise ao panorama do mercado do café que estabelece as bases para o desenvolvimento de um novo conceito, marca e negócio que visa simplificar a vida do consumidor, oferecendo um produto e serviço de elevada qualidade, aliada ao desenvolvimento de uma economia verde, em crescente. Este projeto faz parte do Mestrado em Marketing e configura a criação de um Plano de Negócios, que deverá servir como base para a implementação deste projeto.
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Pereira, Ana Raquel Bento. "Synthesis of bioactive royleanone derivatives from Plectranthus spp". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/12576.
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Orientação: Patricia RijoCancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. The growing incidence of cancer and the development of multidrug resistance has driven the search for novel and more effective drugs. Plants have been used for their medicinal properties since ancient times. In developing countries, herbal preparations are still a major way of disease prevention and treatment considering their availability and cost in comparison to medicines. Abietane diterpenoids mainly royleanones are bioactive compounds frequently found in the Plectranthus genus (Lamiaceae family). P. madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth essential oil is rich in 6-7-dehydroxyroyleanone (DHR), a cytotoxic royleanone. DHR molecule possesses hydroxyl groups suitable for derivatization, which have drawn attention to the possibility of exploring its reactivity to improve its cytotoxic potential. In this work, several hemi-synthetic reactions were performed, resourcing to reactions of carbamoylation and esterification. These reaction products were fully structurally characterized mainly by spectroscopic methods and afforded three unstable carbamoylation derivatives and three stable ester derivatives with overall good yields (86-95%). The three stable derivatives were also submitted to biological studies to access their antimicrobial activity,general toxicity, and cytotoxicity. The biological activity of all diterpenoids found in the literature was compared to understand which chemical features are important to identify and design hit molecules.
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Lung, Chung-hao, i 龍昌灝. "A Study on the Lesson Plan of Polynomial Derivatives for Grade 11 Students". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98916278775966147348.
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碩士國立中央大學
數學系
103
This study aims at investigating the lesson plan of polynomial derivatives for grade 11 students. Four lectures and one assessment consist the lesson plan which was designed by the researcher and the advisor. This lesson plan regards the form of Taylor as the cutting point. By the end of the lectures, students can sketch the cubic polynomial function and solve the application problems. Basing on the observation and assessment results, this study analyzes and discusses the effects and problems of learning the polynomial derivatives on different level students of grade 11. On the one hand, the result shows that advanced learners can almost aquire all the lessons. And the medium to challenged learners can learn the former part, but over half of them can not learn well on the latter part: sketch the cubic polynomial function and solve the application problems. If the teaching time of the latter part is increased, the learning effect can be better. On the other hand, some students fail to grasp the mathematical language precisely, which happens not only in medium and challenged learners but also in advanced learners. According to the result, the researcher provides some sugesstions for teaching conditions, lesson plan designs and related studies in the future. Keywords: synthetic division, Taylor polynomials, polynomial derivatives
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HSU, HO-CHIEH, i 許賀㨗. "The Derivative Override of Monumentality: The spatial Plan of Douliou-Gate, Yunlin". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gtnf45.
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