Rozprawy doktorskie: „Plant bioactive compounds”

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Salim, Angela Aguslyarti. "Isolation and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from Indonesian medicinal plants /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18695.pdf.

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Hooshmand, Shirin. "Bone reversal effects of plant bioactive compounds in postmenopausal women". Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04162010-145258/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2010.
Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on July 27, 2010). Advisor: Bahram H. Arjmandi, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.

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Swasono, Respati Tri. "Bioactive secondary metabolites from Australian invertebrates, Indonesian marine sponges, and an Indonesian terrestrial plant /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19275.pdf.

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Reynertson, Kurt Allerslev. "Phytochemical analysis of bioactive constituents from edible Myrtaceae fruits /". View online, 2007. http://home.earthlink.net/~myrtaceae/Reynertson_dissertation.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--City University of New York, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-120) and index. Also available for educational and research purposes in PDF format on the Internet.

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Kaspar, Kerrie L. "Pigmented potatoes on health : effect on oxidative stress, inflammatory damage and immune response in humans, sensory attributes, and nutrient retention during processing". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/K_Kaspar_040809.pdf.

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Mbandezelo, Mongikazi. "Bioactive compounds in a Manayi traditional medicinal product from East London". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2450.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
In Africa, herbal medicines are often used as primary treatments for a variety of ailments and diseases including HIV/AIDS and for HIV-related problems. In general, traditional medicines are not well researched scientifically in controlled studies, and are poorly regulated. Since the pharmacological effectiveness of natural products is affected by several native and foreign factors, studies on the variations of chemical composition and biological activity of these medicines are necessary. The processes of investigating plants to identify chemical substances are of great interest to natural product researchers because there is a need to discover new drugs for treating old and new diseases. These facts underscore an urgent need to develop new anti HIV and AIDS drugs with fewer or no side effects. Research into drug discovery and development using natural products is increasingly becoming better established. Marine organisms as a source of natural products delivered numerous novel compounds with multiple pharmacological properties. Natural products give endless opportunities for discovering novel compounds that can be used as drugs or backbones of drug leads. Manayi is a natural product that has been used to treat and manage people with HIV, but no scientific studies have been done to prove its efficacy on the HIV under controlled conditions. For the purposes of this study, cooked and uncooked Manayi product was evaluated for its efficacy on HIV in vitro. Manayi samples were collected in East London, Eastern Cape and sequentially extracted with hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, butanol, methanol, and water as a series of increasingly polar solvents for its bioactive chemical constituents.

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Heltzel, Carl E. "Structural and synthetic studies of bioactive natural products". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40067.

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Bioassay directed fractionation of the methyl ethyl ketone extract of Crescentia cujete resulted in the isolation of nine bioactive compounds, and detailed spectroscopic interpretation led to the assignment of their structures as (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy dehydroiso-α-Iapachone [2.10], (2R)-5,6- dimethoxydehydroiso-α-Iapachone [2.11], (2R)-5-methoxy dehydroiso-alapachone [2.12], 5-hydroxy-2-(1'-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b ]furan-4,9-dione [2.13], 2-(1 '-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b ]furan-4,9-dione [2.14]' 2-isopropenylnaphtho[ 2,3-b ]furan-4,9-dione [2.15], 5-hydroxydehydro-iso-a-Iapachone [2.16], 3-hydroxymethylfuro[3,2-b ]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-5,10-dione [2.17], and 9- hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylfuro[3,2-b ]naphtho[2,3-d]furan-5,10-dione [2.18]. Compounds 2.10-2.12 are new, showing selective activity towards DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants. The selective DNA damaging activity of known compounds 2.13-2.16 is reported herein for the first time. Compounds 2.17 and 2.18 also show DNA damaging activity, and possess a novel fused ring system. The bioactive sterols ergosta-5-24(28)-diene-3β,7α-diol [3.1] and 24,28- epoxyergost-5-ene-3β,7α-diol [3.2], originally isolated from Pseudobersama mossambicensis, have been synthesized from stigmasterol. In addition to these sterols, some of their analogs were prepared, and the bioactivity of all compounds were assessed.
Ph. D.

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Norberg, Åke. "Isolation and characterization of regulatory peptides and bioactive compounds /". Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-882-3/.

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Akter, Raushanara. "Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Bioactive Compounds from Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants with a Focus on Novel Anticancer Compounds". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366507.

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The present study describes the bioactivity guided isolation and structural elucidation of novel anticancer compounds from the Bangladeshi medicinal plant Blumera lacera. At the outset nineteen Bangladeshi medicinal plants were selected and collected from different parts of Bangladesh. Plants underwent preliminary cytotoxicity screening based on their traditional medicinal uses, limited previous research on them, and their availability. The selected plants were extracted with methanol and screened for their cytotoxic potential using the MTT assay against two healthy cell lines (mouse fibroblast (NIH3T3), a healthy monkey kidney (VERO)) and four cancer cell lines namely, gastric (AGS), colon (HT-29), two breast (estrogen-dependent: MCF-7 and estrogen non-dependent: MDA-MB-231). Preliminary cytotoxicity assessment led to the identification of seven plants with significant cytotoxic potential, having IC50 < 1.0 mg/mL against a minimum of one cancer cell line. The identified plants were: Avicennia alba, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Diospyros peregrina, Ecbolium viride, Jasminum sambac, Clitoria terantea, and Saraca asoca. The bioactivity detected correlated with their traditional uses as anticancer agents. Comparing cytotoxicity effects of the selected plants with that of Blumea lacera which was previously screened for cytotoxic potential in our research lab, Blumea lacera was found to be more cytotoxic and thus selected for bioassay-guided isolation of constituents.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Pharmacy
Griffith Health
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Henley-Smith, Cynthia Joan. "Identification of bioactive compounds of a South African plant extract for combating potentially pathogenic oral microorganisms". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31149.

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Seven plants generally used for traditional oral care namely, Barleria albostellata, Cotyledon orbiculata, Dichrostachys cinerea, Heteropyxis natalensis, Carpobrotus edulis, Zanthoxylum capense and Dodonaea viscosa were investigated for antimicrobial activity and safety. Four pathogenic microorganisms, Actinomyces israelii, Streptococcus mutans, Prevotella intermedia and Candida albicans, were selected that represented the diversity of microbial flora in the oral cavity. No evidence could be found in the literature on the activity of the selected plant extracts against A. israelii, P. intermedia and S. mutans. Only H. natalensis exhibited activity against the Gram-positive microorganisms, A. israelii and S. mutans; minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 0.88 mg/ml and 1.82 mg/ml respectively. The MIC against the Gram-negative bacteria, P. intermedia was found to be 3.13 mg/ml. Dichrostachys cinerea exhibited activity towards a drug-sensitive stain of C. albicans (MIC of 10.71 mg/ml) and against a drug-resistant (polyene and azole resistant) strain of C. albicans (MIC of 10.42 mg/ml). Dichrostachys cinerea was the least toxic to both the Kidney epithelial cells of the African Green Monkey (Vero) and Human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma cells (HEp-2) cell lines with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 204 ± 0.13 μg/ml and 224 ± 0.1 μg/ml respectively. Heteropyxis natalensis was selected for further study as it exhibited moderate cytotoxicity (IC50 of 33.66 ± 0.04 μg/ml) on HEp-2 cells and the best antibacterial activity as compared to the other plant extracts investigated in this study. When H. natalensis was incorporated in a synergistic combination with the essential oils Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) and Mentha piperita (peppermint); a fourfold reduction in the MIC of A. israelii was exhibited. Gingivitis, the infection of the gums, induces inflammation. To attract the white blood cell, leukocytes, to the site of infection; a chemokine known as Interluekin-8 (IL-8) is released. These cytokine, IL-8, levels were not reduced when the extract of H. natalensis was utilized to prevent the interaction of A. israelii with the epithelial cells, HEp-2. A Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study to determine bacterial adhesion in the presence of H. natalensis indicated that the plant extract interferes with pellicle formation and glucan binding of S. mutans to the enamel surface of the tooth. Five known compounds were identified from the ethanolic extract of H. natalensis leaves and twigs. The compounds were identified as Aurentiacin A (1), Cardamomin (2), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-methylflavanone (3), Quercetin (4) and 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavan (5). The MICs of the compounds 1 and 4 were found to be 0.063 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml respectively against A. israelii. Compounds 2 and 5 exhibited no inhibitory activity at 1.0 mg/ml (the highest concentration tested) against A. israelii. This is the first report of the isolation of the five compounds and their activity against A. israelii.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Plant Science
MSc
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Taneyo, Saa Danielle Laure <1984&gt. "Use of Biotechnology to increase the content of bioactive compounds in fermented foods of plant origin". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6433/1/Final_dissertationTANEYO13.03.pdf.

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The objectives of this PhD research were: i) to evaluate the use of bread making process to increase the content of β-glucans, resistant starch, fructans, dietary fibers and phenolic compounds of kamut khorasan and wheat breads made with flours obtained from kernels at different maturation stage (at milky stage and fully ripe) and ii) to study the impact of whole grains consumption in the human gut. The fermentation and the stages of kernel development or maturation had a great impact on the amount of resistant starch, fructans and β-glucans as well as their interactions resulted highly statistically significant. The amount of fructans was high in kamut bread (2.1g/100g) at the fully ripe stage compared to wheat during industrial fermentation (baker’s yeast). The sourdough increases the content of polyphenols more than industrial fermentation especially in bread made by flour at milky stage. From the analysis of volatile compounds it resulted that the sensors of electronic nose perceived more aromatic compound in kamut products, as well as the SPME-GC-MS, thus we can assume that kamut is more aromatic than wheat, so using it in sourdough process can be a successful approach to improve the bread taste and flavor. The determination of whole grain biormakers such as alkylresorcinols and others using FIE-MS AND GC-tof-MS is a valuable alternative for further metabolic investigations. The decrease of N-acetyl-glucosamine and 3-methyl-hexanedioic acid in kamut faecal samples suggests that kamut can have a role in modulating mucus production/degradation or even gut inflammation. This work gives a new approach to the innovation strategies in bakery functional foods, that can help to choose the right or best combination between stages of kernel maturation-fermentation process and baking temperature.

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Taneyo, Saa Danielle Laure <1984&gt. "Use of Biotechnology to increase the content of bioactive compounds in fermented foods of plant origin". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6433/.

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The objectives of this PhD research were: i) to evaluate the use of bread making process to increase the content of β-glucans, resistant starch, fructans, dietary fibers and phenolic compounds of kamut khorasan and wheat breads made with flours obtained from kernels at different maturation stage (at milky stage and fully ripe) and ii) to study the impact of whole grains consumption in the human gut. The fermentation and the stages of kernel development or maturation had a great impact on the amount of resistant starch, fructans and β-glucans as well as their interactions resulted highly statistically significant. The amount of fructans was high in kamut bread (2.1g/100g) at the fully ripe stage compared to wheat during industrial fermentation (baker’s yeast). The sourdough increases the content of polyphenols more than industrial fermentation especially in bread made by flour at milky stage. From the analysis of volatile compounds it resulted that the sensors of electronic nose perceived more aromatic compound in kamut products, as well as the SPME-GC-MS, thus we can assume that kamut is more aromatic than wheat, so using it in sourdough process can be a successful approach to improve the bread taste and flavor. The determination of whole grain biormakers such as alkylresorcinols and others using FIE-MS AND GC-tof-MS is a valuable alternative for further metabolic investigations. The decrease of N-acetyl-glucosamine and 3-methyl-hexanedioic acid in kamut faecal samples suggests that kamut can have a role in modulating mucus production/degradation or even gut inflammation. This work gives a new approach to the innovation strategies in bakery functional foods, that can help to choose the right or best combination between stages of kernel maturation-fermentation process and baking temperature.

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Wang, Zhiyu, i 王志宇. "Identification and characterization of bioactive compounds in Spatholobus suberectus targeting on LDH-A in breast cancer". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48329423.

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Although clinical outcomes of some cancer have been greatly improved by advancements made in surgery, chemo or radiotherapy and development of novel strategies such as molecular targeted therapy, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is particularly appreciated for cancer therapy in China based on its 5,000-year-old history, well established theoretical system and numerous exciting case reports. However, due to lack of quality assurance, laboratory evidences and well-designed clinical trials, TCM always encounters much skepticism and pessimism by the West. The study aims to identify the bioactive compounds in a Chinese herb Spatholobus suberectus (SS, 雞血藤) by targeting on lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) in breast cancer. Glycolysis inhibition has been considered as important strategy to block cancer energy metabolism and therefore suppressing cancer growth. LDH-A has been demonstrated to be up-regulated in various cancer cells. In our study, 46 breast cancer specimens were collected to study the relation between LDH-A expression and clinicopathological characteristics including menopause, tumor size, node involvement, differentiation and pathological subtypes classified by estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her-2. LDH-A expression was found to be correlated significantly with breast cancer size and independent with other clinicopathological factors. LDH-A silencing in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 resulted in an inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, elevated intracellular oxidative stress, induction of mitochondiral pathway apoptosis and limited tumorigenic ability, indicating that LDH-A inhibition might offer a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. SS is historically recommended to invigorate blood circulation and has been prescribed to treat diseases relating to blood stasis syndromes including menstrual abnormalities, anemia, numbness of the limbs, arthritis and cancer, etc. Our following study revealed that SS aqueous extracts could significantly inhibited breast cancer LDH-A expression and activity in both in vitro and in vivo models built by MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. Bioactivity guided fractionation based on LDH-A activity, apoptosis and LDH-A expression further identified epigallocatechin (EGC) as the key compound responsible for the inhibited LDH-A expression. Mechanistic studies found that the inhibitory effect of EGC on LDH-A expression was mainly through promoting Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) proteasome degradation rather than inhibiting transcription activity, which might be correlated with decreased binding between HIF-1α and Hsp90. Consistent with in vitro findings, EGC was also demonstrated effecitve in suppressing breast cancer growth in vivo correlating to down-regulation of LDH-A, HIF-1α and triggerment of apoptosis. This study provides preliminary laboratory evidences for applying SS in breast cancer therapy. However, further research is needed to evaluate its metabolism, the synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents and clinical efficiency.
published_or_final_version
Chinese Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Dambuza, Ntokozo Shirley. "Isolation of bioactive metabolites with activity against HIV-1 target proteins from extracts of Sutherlandia frutescens and Lobostemon trigonus". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/492.

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a human disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and it is one of the biggest social, economic and health challenges in the world. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that between 33.4 to 46.0 million people around the world were living with HIV/AIDS in December 2005 and the highest estimates are in the Sub-Saharan Africa (around 25 million). In more developed countries a combined antiretroviral therapy called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is used, which results in reduced progression to AIDS in most patients. Despite the beneficial effects of HAART, significant side effects are experienced by treated patients. In addition, most infected people live in countries where the treatment is very expensive or, in many cases, not available at all. These people therefore rely on medicinal plants for health care. In this study, aqueous extracts from Sutherlandia frutescens and Lobostemon trigonus were screened for potential anti-HIV activities in a series of in vitro enzymatic assays, including reverse transcriptase, HIV-1 protease and glycohydrolases. Two extracts of Sutherlandia leaves (SFL-1 and SFL-2) were prepared that inhibited HIV reverse transcriptase and a Lobostemon leaf extract (LTL) was shown to also inhibit this enzyme. All extracts were assayed at 1.25mg/ml. Tannin content was determined for all active extracts using a tannic acid assay. SFL-1 and SFL-2 were found to contain about 6 percent and 7 percent tannins, respectively, and LTL contained 31% tannins by weight. Tannins were removed using polyamide columns and three fractions were collected for each. The extracts were also fractionated with Sephadex G-25, Amberlite IR 120 and Dowex 1-X8 as size exclusion, cation exchange and anion exchange, respectively. Extracts were also fractionated by preparative thin layer chromatography where two compounds were separated from S. frutescens extract with high activity against reverse transcriptase while showing insignificant inhibition towards other enzymes tested. SFL-BFW-10 and SFL-WEF-7 inhibited reverse transcriptase by almost 100 percent and the IC50 values calculated for these compounds were 0.34 and 0.23mg/ml, respectively. Cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated on Chang liver cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). None of these compounds showed any significant inhibition of cell proliferation. The purity of these compounds could not be confirmed because there was insufficient material to use in the techniques required to show purity and identification. Therefore, TLC was used to determine the nature of these compounds. SFL-BFW-10 was identified as an organic acid and SFL-WEF-7 was identified as flavonoid.

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Artiga, Artigas María. "Design of nanostructured delivery systems to enhance the functionality of food bioactive compounds". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665007.

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Les nanoestructures basades en emulsions es consideren excel•lents sistemes d'alliberament de compostos bioactius de diferent naturalesa i funcionalitat. L'objectiu d'aquesta Tesi Doctoral va ser estudiar els factors que afecten l'estabilitat de les nanoemulsions i emulsions dobles, com sistemes d'encapsulació de bioactius lipofílics i/o hidrofílics, respectivament; i l'efecte de la seva aplicació en aliments. El tipus i la concentració dels diferents components de les nanoemulsions contenint curcumina o olis essencials, va afectar significativament a les seves propietats fisicoquímiques. Així mateix, el mètode de fabricació de les emulsions dobles va ser crucial per a la seva formació i estabilització. Així, es van obtenir emulsions dobles transportadores de clorofilina i citronela, estables durant 21 dies. D'altra banda, les nanoemulsions aplicades com recobriments antimicrobians sobre la superfície de formatge tallat, van mantenir la seva estabilitat microbiològica i van ser efectius davant de Staphylococcus aureus. La present investigació contribueix enormement al desenvolupament de les nanoestructures des del seu disseny, fins a la seva aplicació final.
Las nanoestructuras basadas en emulsiones se consideran excelentes sistemas de liberación de compuestos bioactivos de diferente naturaleza y funcionalidad. El objetivo de esta Tesis Doctoral fue estudiar los factores que afectan a la estabilidad de las nanoemulsiones y emulsiones dobles, como sistemas de encapsulación de bioactivos lipofílicos y/o hidrofílicos, respectivamente; y el efecto de su aplicación en alimentos. El tipo y la concentración de los diferentes componentes de las nanoemulsiones conteniendo curcumina o aceites esenciales, afectó significativamente a sus propiedades físico-químicas. Asimismo, el método de fabricación de las emulsiones dobles fue crucial para su formación y estabilización. Así, se obtuvieron emulsiones dobles transportadoras de clorofilina y citronela, estables durante 21 días. Por otro lado, las nanoemulsiones aplicadas como recubrimientos antimicrobianos sobre la superficie de queso cortado, mantuvieron su estabilidad microbiológica y fueron efectivos frente a Staphylococcus aureus. La presente investigación contribuye enormemente al desarrollo de nanoestructuras basadas en emulsiones, desde su diseño, hasta su aplicación final.
Emulsion-based nanostructures are considered as excellent systems for the release of bioactive compounds with different nature and functionality. The objective of this Doctoral Thesis was to study the factors that affect the stability of nanoemulsions and double emulsions, as encapsulation systems of lipophilic and/or hydrophilic bioactive compounds, respectively; and the effect of its application on food products. The type and concentration of the different components of nanoemulsions containing curcumin or essential oils, significantly affected their physicochemical properties. Also, the fabrication method and processing parametes of double emulsions was crucial for their formation and stabilization. Thus, stable double emulsions (21 days) containing chlorophyllin and citronella, were obtained. On the other hand, nanoemulsions applied as antimicrobial edible coatings onto the surface of cut-cheese, maintained their microbiological stability and were effective against Staphylococcus aureus. The present research significantly contributes to the development of nanostructures from its design to its final application.

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Espe, Austin Alexander. "Phenolic Bioactive-Linked Antioxidant, Anti-Hyperglycemic, and Anti-Hypertensive Properties of Serviceberry and Blackberry". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29796.

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Production and consumption of edible berries are increasing rapidly in the United States, mostly due to their superior flavor profile, and popular diet-related value with their human health relevant bioactives and nutritional benefits. However, bioactive and nutritional qualities, especially human health protective phenolic antioxidants and associated non-communicable chronic disease (NCD) relevant health benefits of berries vary widely among accessions/cultivars and due to different production practices (organic vs conventional). Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to screen and select high phenolic and high antioxidant serviceberry and blackberry accessions/cultivars and to investigate the effect of different weed management and fertilization (organic vs. conventional) practices on phenolic bioactive linked antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of blackberry using in vitro assay models. Overall, high phenolic-bioactive linked antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties were observed in both serviceberry and blackberry accessions/cultivars and further for blackberry it was significantly higher under organic weed management and fertilization practices.

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Wei, Lai, i 魏来. "Induction of LTB4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase (LTB4DH) by Radix Astragali and Radix Paeoniae Rubra: a study of theactive compounds and related biological functions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44683443.

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Lee, Ee Lynn, i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Genotype X environment impact on selected bioactive compound content of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2471.

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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is a medicinal plant with potential applications in the natural health product industry. In a multi-environmental setting, 10 genotypes were tested across 14 growing environments (using a Randomized Complete Block Design), representing irrigated and rainfed growing conditions in southern Alberta, Canada over two cropping years (2006 and 2007). The objectives of this study were (1) to determine seed yield, plus content and productivity of selected bioactive compounds (galactomannan, diosgenin and 4-hydroxyisoleucine), (2) to assess the impact of growing environment on these variables and (3) to identify promising genotypes for breeding and industrial use. Using principal component and cluster analyses, the study provides insight on the relative influence of growing environments and genes on the biochemical and agronomical traits as well as identifies genotypes based on performance and stability. These are useful as parental materials in cultivar development for the Canadian natural health product industry.
xiii, 154 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm

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Fujita, Larissa Freire Fabrício [UNESP]. "Caracterização química, microbiológica e farmacognóstica da polpa de coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata (Mart) Becc) produzida em Arinos-MG". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88340.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fujita_lff_me_arafcf.pdf: 249322 bytes, checksum: d125a8f4e5864fda566f61d8c78d8932 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A palmeira Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.), também conhecida como coquinho-azedo pode ser encontrada no Brasil em áreas de cerrado e/ou terrenos arenosos, como dunas e restingas. O fruto é utilizado em diversas preparações, com destaque para a polpa processada. É uma boa fonte de nutrientes e compostos bioativos, considerando sua composição química e nutricional. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e farmacognósticas da polpa de Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. produzida em Arinos – MG, Brasil. Foram analisadas três amostras de polpas comerciais de coquinho-azedo, referente à safra 2010-2011. Realizou-se a determinação granulométria da polpa, tamanho médio das partículas, composição centesimal, sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, possível presença de contaminação microbiológica quando comparada aos padrões estabelecidos na Resolução RDC nº. 12 de 02 de janeiro de 2001, identificação dos compostos secundários saponinas, alcalóides, heterosídeos cardiotônicos e flavonoides do extrato e das frações hexânica, acetato de etila, butanólica e aquosa, bem como quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais, teor de ácido ascórbico e atividade antioxidante total pelos métodos ABTS•+ e DPPH. Todas as análises foram realizadas em triplicata. Os resultados apontam o tamis de abertura com diâmetro de 0,42mm o menor tamanho da malha que poderia ser usado para despolpar o fruto do coquinho-azedo, a maior porcentagem de partículas retidas e acumuladas em relação à abertura da malha concentrada sobre o tamis 0,210mm, além de ser uma boa fonte de nutrientes, com teor de lipídeos de cerca de 2,8% e 63 mg de ácido ascórbico.100g-1 de amostra. Em relação às análises microbiológicas, todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram qualidade microbiológica...
The palm Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.), also known as sour coquinho-azedo in Brazil can be found in grassland areas and/or sandy soils, such as dunes and sandbanks. The fruit is used in various preparations, especially the pulped. It is a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, considering its chemical and nutritional composition. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbiological and pharmacognostic pulp Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. produced in Arinos - MG, Brazil. We analyzed tree samples of pulps commercial coquinho-azedo sour, referring to the 2010-2011 harvest. Was performed to determine particle size pulp, average particle size, chemical composition, soluble solids, titratable acidity, possible presence of microbiological contamination when compared to the standards established in Resolution RDC. 12 January 2, 2001, identification of secondary compounds saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids cardiotonic extract and fractions of hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, as well as quantification of total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity by methods ABTS•+ e DPPH. All analyzes were performed in triplicate. The results indicate the sieves opening with a diameter of 0.42 mm the smallest mesh size that could be used for pulping the fruit of coquinho-azedo, the highest percentage of particles retained and accumulated on the opening loop concentrated on the sieves 0.210 mm, besides being a good source of nutrients, lipid content of about 2.8% and 63 mg of ascorbic.100g-1 sample. Regarding microbiological analysis, all samples showed satisfactory microbiological quality, revealing lower microbial counts with values within the limits established by Brazilian legislation for this type of product. The results of the fractionation and identification of secondary metabolites by Thin Layer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Pereira, Isabela de Oliveira Carvalho. "Otimização de processo de extração de café verde /". Araraquara, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/182075.

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Orientador: Cristiano Soleo de Funari
Coorientador: William de Melo Silva
Banca: Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano
Resumo: O café conquistou o paladar de inúmeros povos, em diversas regiões do planeta, devido às suas características sensoriais e o seu poder estimulante. É uma planta arbustiva, com duas espécies principais, a Coffea arabica L. e a Coffea conephora L. As duas espécies de café verde mais consumidas e exploradas diferem entre si pelas suas características organolépticas, físicas e químicas. O café arábica possui aroma e sabor mais apreciado, e suas aplicações estão nas bebidas. Já o café robusta é utilizado pelo segmento farmacêutico, devido aos seus mais altos teores de ácido clorogênico e cafeína. O alto consumo mundial do café verde tem estimulado o desenvolvimento de estudos relacionados aos constituintes do café, como a cafeína e o ácido clorogênico, e também os estudos relacionados à atividades biológicas. Nas últimas décadas, aumentou consideravelmente a busca por compostos bioativos de origem natural, e diversos métodos extrativos estão sendo utilizados com o objetivo de extrair a maior quantidade de princípios ativos oriundos das plantas vegetais. Visando desenvolver um novo extrato de café verde com maior teor de cafeína e ácido clorogênico, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo otimizar um processo de extração de grãos verdes de Coffea conephora L. com o intuito de se obter teores de cafeína e de ácido clorogênico superiores aos obtidos pela empresa Centroflora Nutra. Inicialmente, foi desenvolvido um método de análise por cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência acoplada ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Coffee has conquered the palate of countless peoples, in diverse regions of the planet, due to its sensorial characteristics and its stimulating power. It is a shrub, with two main species, Coffea arabica L. and Coffea conephora L. The two most consumed and exploited green coffee species differ in their organoleptic, physical and chemical characteristics. Arabica coffee has the most appreciated aroma and flavor, and its applications are in beverages. Robusta coffee is used by the pharmaceutical segment, due to its higher contents of chlorogenic acid and caffeine. The high world consumption of green coffee has stimulated the development of studies related to coffee constituents, such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid, as well as studies related to biological activities. In the last decades, the search for bioactive compounds of natural origin has increased considerably, and several extractive methods are being used with the objective of extracting the greatest amount of active principles from plant plants. Aiming to develop a new green coffee extract with higher caffeine and chlorogenic acid content, the present work aims to optimize a process of extraction of green grains of Coffea conephora L. in order to obtain higher levels of caffeine and chlorogenic acid those obtained by Centroflora Nutra. Initially, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a UV spectrophotometer (UHPLC-PAD / UV) analysis method was developed from a sample of green coffee extract market... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Mnonopi, Nandipha Olivia. "In vitro testing to investigate the anticoagulant/antithrombotic and antidiabetic biological activity of Leonotis Leonurus". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/693.

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The rising costs of prescription drugs in the maintenance of personal health and wellbeing have increased the interest in medicinal plants. The World Health Organization estimates that 65 percent-80 percent of the world’s population use traditional medicine as their primary form of health care. In this project the focus has been on the use of Leonotis leonurus extracts as a traditional medicine. The major chemical constituent of this plant is marrubiin, which is a diterpenoid labdane lactone formed from a precursor called premarrubiin. Aqueous and acetone extract (AL and OL extract, respectively) of this plant has been found to have an antithrombotic effect, with IC50 values of 3mg/ml and 6mg/ml, respectively. The extracts also have an effect on fibrinolysis, where the lysis time was decreased by more than 50 percent by the organic extract and standard marrubiin. In whole blood ADP-induced platelet aggregation, the organic extract inhibited aggregation by 68 percent at a final concentration of 138μg/ml (equivalent to 7.2μg/ml marrubiin). Marrubiin has also been screened for antithrombotic/anticoagulant activity; no antithrombotic activity has been observed but it increased the rate of fibrinolysis, by decreasing lysis time by 64 percent and also decreasing fibrin formation. From these findings it can be concluded that marrubiin has a fibrinolytic effect and antiplatelet aggregation effect. In the diabetic studies, in hyperglycemic condition, the OL (10μg/ml) extract and standard marrubiin significantly increased insulin secretion by 200 percent (2-fold) and 400 percent (4-fold), respectively, with respect to the control. The OL extract and standard marrubiin stimulated the release of insulin, the stimulatory index was significantly increased by 450 percent (4.5-fold) and 500 percent (5-fold), respectively, with respect to the control. In the apoptotic studies, in the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, the OL extract decreased the occurrence of apoptosis, in a dose-dependent manner, with the lower concentrations inducing apoptosis significantly higher than the relevant controls. Standard marrubiin did not have an effect on apoptosis in hyperglycemic condition, but it decreased the occurrence of apoptosis by 200 percent (2-fold) under normoglycemic conditions. The OL extract increased proliferation by 148 percent (1.48- fold) and 155 percent (1.55-fold) in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, respectively. The same effect was observed for standard marrubiin, where, proliferation was increased by 180 percent (1.8-fold) and 200 percent (2.0-fold) in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, respectively. RT-PCR displayed that standard marrubiin inhibited the expression of insulin by 50 percent under normoglycemic conditions.

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Fujita, Larissa Freire Fabrício. "Caracterização química, microbiológica e farmacognóstica da polpa de coquinho-azedo (Butia capitata (Mart) Becc) produzida em Arinos-MG /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88340.

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Orientador: José Paschoal Batistuti
Coorientador: Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento
Banca: Elaine Maria Ravasi Stefano Simionato
Banca: João Bosco Faria
Resumo: A palmeira Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.), também conhecida como coquinho-azedo pode ser encontrada no Brasil em áreas de cerrado e/ou terrenos arenosos, como dunas e restingas. O fruto é utilizado em diversas preparações, com destaque para a polpa processada. É uma boa fonte de nutrientes e compostos bioativos, considerando sua composição química e nutricional. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e farmacognósticas da polpa de Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. produzida em Arinos - MG, Brasil. Foram analisadas três amostras de polpas comerciais de coquinho-azedo, referente à safra 2010-2011. Realizou-se a determinação granulométria da polpa, tamanho médio das partículas, composição centesimal, sólidos solúveis, acidez total titulável, possível presença de contaminação microbiológica quando comparada aos padrões estabelecidos na Resolução RDC nº. 12 de 02 de janeiro de 2001, identificação dos compostos secundários saponinas, alcalóides, heterosídeos cardiotônicos e flavonoides do extrato e das frações hexânica, acetato de etila, butanólica e aquosa, bem como quantificação de compostos fenólicos totais, teor de ácido ascórbico e atividade antioxidante total pelos métodos ABTS•+ e DPPH. Todas as análises foram realizadas em triplicata. Os resultados apontam o tamis de abertura com diâmetro de 0,42mm o menor tamanho da malha que poderia ser usado para despolpar o fruto do coquinho-azedo, a maior porcentagem de partículas retidas e acumuladas em relação à abertura da malha concentrada sobre o tamis 0,210mm, além de ser uma boa fonte de nutrientes, com teor de lipídeos de cerca de 2,8% e 63 mg de ácido ascórbico.100g-1 de amostra. Em relação às análises microbiológicas, todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram qualidade microbiológica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The palm Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.), also known as sour coquinho-azedo in Brazil can be found in grassland areas and/or sandy soils, such as dunes and sandbanks. The fruit is used in various preparations, especially the pulped. It is a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, considering its chemical and nutritional composition. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbiological and pharmacognostic pulp Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. produced in Arinos - MG, Brazil. We analyzed tree samples of pulps commercial coquinho-azedo sour, referring to the 2010-2011 harvest. Was performed to determine particle size pulp, average particle size, chemical composition, soluble solids, titratable acidity, possible presence of microbiological contamination when compared to the standards established in Resolution RDC. 12 January 2, 2001, identification of secondary compounds saponins, alkaloids, glycosides and flavonoids cardiotonic extract and fractions of hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, as well as quantification of total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity by methods ABTS•+ e DPPH. All analyzes were performed in triplicate. The results indicate the sieves opening with a diameter of 0.42 mm the smallest mesh size that could be used for pulping the fruit of coquinho-azedo, the highest percentage of particles retained and accumulated on the opening loop concentrated on the sieves 0.210 mm, besides being a good source of nutrients, lipid content of about 2.8% and 63 mg of ascorbic.100g-1 sample. Regarding microbiological analysis, all samples showed satisfactory microbiological quality, revealing lower microbial counts with values within the limits established by Brazilian legislation for this type of product. The results of the fractionation and identification of secondary metabolites by Thin Layer... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Copani, Giuseppe. "Benefit of including bioactive legumes (sainfoin, red clover) in grass-based silages on ruminant production and pollutant emissions". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22594/document.

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Les légumineuses permettent de réduire les intrants en élevage (engrais, concentrés) en raison notamment de leurs niveaux élevés en protéines. Cependant, à la fois pendant le processus d'ensilage et celui de fermentation dans le rumen, les protéines peuvent subir une importante dégradation, ce qui affecte la valeur nutritive des fourrages et induit des rejets d'azote (N) importants, notamment dans l'urine. Certaines légumineuses peuvent alors être d'un intérêt particulier car elles produisent des composés secondaires qui peuvent modifier positivement les processus fermentaires et digestifs. Ainsi, les tannins condensés (CT) présents dans le sainfoin (SF, Onobrychis viciifolia) sont capables de se lier aux protéines, réduisant leur dégradation dans le silo et le rumen et se traduisant par un transfert de l'excrétion d'azote de l'urine vers les fèces. Le trèfle violet (RC, Trifolium pratense) contient la polyphénoloxydase (PPO), une enzyme qui catalyse l'oxydation de différents composés phénoliques en quinones. Comme les CTs, les quinones sont capables de former des complexes avec les protéines permettant de réduire leur dégradation dans le silo et le rumen. L'objectif de cette thèse était alors d'étudier et de quantifier les bénéfices potentiels de l'utilisation de ces deux espèces de légumineuses bioactives sur i) la qualité et la conservation des ensilages, ii) la fermentation ruminale, l'efficacité digestive et les performances des ovins, et iii) l'empreinte environnementale (excrétion d'N et de CH4). Nous avons effectué deux essais in vitro et deux essais in vivo, basés sur des ensilages composés de ces deux légumineuses, seules ou en mélange avec une graminée (la fléole- T, Phleum pratense L.) qui nous a servie de contrôle. Les essais in vitro nous ont permis de nous focaliser sur la qualité et la conservation des ensilages ainsi que sur la fermentation ruminale, tandis que les essais in vivo se sont concentrés sur la performance et l'efficacité digestive des agneaux, ainsi que sur leur bilan azoté et leurs émissions de CH4. L'inclusion de légumineuses bioactives dans les ensilages d'herbe a amélioré la qualité du fourrage, la fermentation pendant le processus d'ensilage ainsi que la protection des protéines contre une dégradation au sein du silo et du rumen. Globalement, l'alimentation des agneaux avec des mélanges comportant ces légumineuses s'est traduite par une augmentation de l'ingestion de matière sèche, en comparaison des agneaux alimentés avec la graminée pure. Néanmoins, en raison de la digestibilité nettement plus faible de T-SF, probablement due à une composition et une nature des fibres différentes ainsi qu'à la présence de CT, les agneaux ayant reçu T-SF ont montré une ingestion et des performances plus faibles que ceux ayant reçu les ensilages contenant RC. Dans le rumen, il semble que les protéines de RC aient été plus protégées de la dégradation que celles de SF, tandis que dans la suite du tractus digestif, les complexes formés entre protéines et CT (avec SF) se seraient moins dissociés que ceux formés entre protéines et quinones (avec RC), ce qui pourrait en partie expliquer le transfert d'excrétion de l'N de l'urine vers les fèces, observé chez les agneaux alimentés avec T-SF et bénéfique pour l'environnement. SF a également permis de réduire légèrement les émissions de CH4. Ainsi, utiliser des légumineuses bioactives dans les pratiques d'alimentation des ruminants apparaît une stratégie prometteuse pour fournir des produits animaux de façon plus durable. Nos résultats montrent que chaque espèce apporte des avantages différents, plutôt orientés vers la qualité de l'aliment et les performances animales pour RC mais plutôt orientés vers la réduction des rejets pour SF. Des recherches complémentaires sont donc nécessaires pour mieux caractériser ces avantages et élargir les investigations à d'autres espèces, d'autres mélanges et d'autres bénéfices potentiels. (...)
Fodder legume species allow to reduce inputs in livestock breeding systems (fertilizer, concentrates) notably because they contain high levels of crude proteins which are of primary importance in ruminant nutrition. However, during both silage and rumen fermentation processes, proteins are submitted to degradation which affects forage nutritive value and leads to nitrogen (N) losses notably via urine. Some specific legumes can then be of particular interest as they produce plant secondary compounds that can positively affect silage and digestive processes. Condensed tannins (CTs) present in sainfoin (SF, Onobrychis viciifolia) are able to bind with proteins thereby reducing their degradation in the silo and the rumen, resulting in a shift in N excretion from urine to faeces. Red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense) contains polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of different phenolics into quinones. As CTs, quinones are able to form complexes with proteins that will similarly reduce their degradation in the silo and the rumen. The aim of this thesis was to investigate and quantify the potential benefits of using these two bioactive legume species on i) quality and conservation of silages, ii) rumen fermentation, digestive efficiency and sheep performance, and iii) environmental footprint (N excretion and CH4 emissions). We conducted two in vitro and two in vivo trials which were based on silages of pure legumes or of different mixtures with the grass species (timothy T, Phleum pratense L.), which served as control. In the in vitro trials, we focussed on silage quality, silage conservation and rumen fermentation, while in the in vivo trials, we focussed on lambs' performance, digestion efficiency, N balance and CH4 emissions. Including bioactive legumes in mixtures with grass improved, compared to pure grass, forage quality and fermentation during the silage making process, as well as proteins' protection from degradation within both the silos and the rumen. Lambs fed with the mixtures involving legumes responded with an increase in DM intake compared to their counterparts fed with T. Nevertheless, due to a possibly different fibre composition and to the presence of CT which impaired SF digestibility, lambs that consumed T-SF showed lower intake and performance than those that received RC-containing silages. In the rumen, RC proteins appeared more protected from degradation than SF ones, while in the subsequent parts of the digestive tract, the proteins-CT complexes (from SF) might less dissociate than the proteins-quinones ones (from RC). This could partly explain the environment-friendly shift in N excretion from urine to faeces when animals are fed with T-SF. SF also allowed to slightly reduce CH4 emissions. Thus, utilizing bioactive legumes in livestock feeding practices is a promising strategy to produce animal products more sustainably. Our results show different benefits relative to the bioactive legume species involved, directed towards boosted forage quality and animals' performance for RC but towards lowered wastes for SF. Further research is thus needed to better characterize these benefits and enlarging investigations to other plant species, mixtures and potential benefits (e.g. health). This will help to determine the appropriate choice of plant species according to the objectives

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Souza, Angela Vacaro de [UNESP]. "Pós-colheita e processamento de amora-preta ‘Tupy’". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103298.

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O cultivo da amora-preta (Rubus sp) vem despertando interesse dos fruticultores paulistas nos últimos anos devido ao seu alto potencial produtivo, sendo uma alternativa viável como fonte de renda. Os frutos possuem características nutricionais muito apreciadas nos dias de hoje além de se mostrarem muito versáteis do ponto de vista tecnológico. O presente trabalho foi dividido em 3 partes para maior compreensão e aprofundamento dos aspectos avaliados e objetivou caracterizar bromatologicamente e quanto ao conteúdo mineral os frutos de amora-preta colhidos em 3 diferentes estádios de maturação, bem como seu produto processado, a geleia; caracterizar a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos em diferentes tempos de armazenamento sob refrigeração e das geleias; determinar os compostos com potencial antioxidante e sua estabilidade durante a elaboração e armazenamento das geleias e frutos, respectivamente. As avaliações foram realizadas na ocasião da colheita para o experimento 1 e também aos dias 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 após a colheita para os demais experimentos a fim de avaliar a possível degradação dos nutrientes a antioxidantes. Ao final dos experimentos pode-se verificar que a amora-preta apresenta alto potencial para industrialização já que para a maioria dos compostos biotivos avaliados não houveram grandes alterações decorrentes do processamento. Esta característica faz com que os frutos de amoreira preta sejam ótima alternativa para o processamento
The cultivation of blackberry (Rubus sp) has attracted the interest of fruit growers in São Paulo in recent years due to its high yield potential as a viable alternative source of income. The fruit has nutritional characteristics greatly appreciated these days and presents great versatility from a technological point of view. This study was divided into 3 parts for greater understanding of the aspects evaluated and aimed to characterize the bromatological composition and mineral content of the fruits harvested at 3 different stages of maturation and its processed product, the jelly; it also aimed to characterize the quality of post-harvest fruit at different times of storage under refrigeration and the qualities of the jellies as well; and it also aimed to determine the potential antioxidant compounds stability during preparation and storage of jelly and fruit, respectively. Evaluations were performed at the time of harvest for Experiment 1 and also on days 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 after harvest for the other experiments in order to evaluate the possible degradation of the antioxidant nutrients. At the end of the experiments it was possible to conclude that the fruit has a high potential for industrialization since for most bioactive compounds evaluated there were no major changes resulting from the processing. This feature places the black mulberry fruit as a great alternative for processing.

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Mnonopi, Nandipha. "Leonotis leonurus: the anticoagulant and antidiabetic activity of Leonotis leonurus". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1194.

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Commercial marrubiin, aqueous and organic extracts of Leonotis leonurus were tested in vitro for their anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities. The aqueous extract inhibited platelet aggregation by 69.5 percent (100 μg/mL), while the organic extract (100 μg/mL) and marrubiin (5 μg/mL) showed 92.5 percent and 91.6 percent inhibition, respectively, by inhibiting the binding of fibrinogen to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time compared to untreated plasma controls. Fibrin and D-Dimer formation were drastically decreased. The extracts and marrubiin concentration-dependently inhibited calcium mobilization induced by collagen and thrombin. The formation of thromboxane A2 was also significantly reduced by both the extracts and marrubiin. Protein secretion and platelet adhesion were significantly reduced by both the extracts and marrubiin. The organic extract and marrubiin showed a more pronounced effect than the aqueous extracts in all the in vitro assays. The ex-vivo animal model confirmed the results obtained in vitro. Similar to the in vitro studies, activated partial thromboplastin time clotting time was prolonged by marrubiin and the number of aggregated platelets were significantly reduced relative to aspirin. The findings reflect that marrubiin largely contributes to the organic extract's anticoagulant and antiplatelet effect in vitro. INS-1 cells were cultured under normo- and hyperglycaemic conditions. Marrubiin and the two Leonotis leonurus extracts were screened for anti-diabetic activity in vitro. The stimulatory index of INS-1 cells cultured under hyperglycaemic conditions was significantly increased by 60 percent and 61 percent (p<0.01; n=5) in cells exposed to the organic extract (10 μg/mL) and marrubiin (500 ng/mL), respectively, relative to the normoglycaemic conditions. The gene expression of insulin was significantly increased by 76.5 and 71 percent, and of glucose transporter-2 by 93 and 92.5 percent for marrubiin and the organic extract, respectively, under the same conditions stipulated above (p<0.01; n=4). The extract and marrubiin similarly showed an increase in respiratory rate under hyperglycaemic conditions. Marrubiin increased insulin secretion, HDL-cholesterol, while it decreased total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and the atherogenic index in the in vivo rat model.

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Souza, Angela Vacaro de 1984. "Pós-colheita e processamento de amora-preta 'Tupy' /". Botucatu :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103298.

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Orientador: Rogério Lopes Vieites
Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
Banca: Marta Helena Fillet Spoto
Banca: Eliane Maria Ravasi S. Simionato
Banca: André José de Campos
Resumo: O cultivo da amora-preta (Rubus sp) vem despertando interesse dos fruticultores paulistas nos últimos anos devido ao seu alto potencial produtivo, sendo uma alternativa viável como fonte de renda. Os frutos possuem características nutricionais muito apreciadas nos dias de hoje além de se mostrarem muito versáteis do ponto de vista tecnológico. O presente trabalho foi dividido em 3 partes para maior compreensão e aprofundamento dos aspectos avaliados e objetivou caracterizar bromatologicamente e quanto ao conteúdo mineral os frutos de amora-preta colhidos em 3 diferentes estádios de maturação, bem como seu produto processado, a geleia; caracterizar a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos em diferentes tempos de armazenamento sob refrigeração e das geleias; determinar os compostos com potencial antioxidante e sua estabilidade durante a elaboração e armazenamento das geleias e frutos, respectivamente. As avaliações foram realizadas na ocasião da colheita para o experimento 1 e também aos dias 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 após a colheita para os demais experimentos a fim de avaliar a possível degradação dos nutrientes a antioxidantes. Ao final dos experimentos pode-se verificar que a amora-preta apresenta alto potencial para industrialização já que para a maioria dos compostos biotivos avaliados não houveram grandes alterações decorrentes do processamento. Esta característica faz com que os frutos de amoreira preta sejam ótima alternativa para o processamento
Abstract: The cultivation of blackberry (Rubus sp) has attracted the interest of fruit growers in São Paulo in recent years due to its high yield potential as a viable alternative source of income. The fruit has nutritional characteristics greatly appreciated these days and presents great versatility from a technological point of view. This study was divided into 3 parts for greater understanding of the aspects evaluated and aimed to characterize the bromatological composition and mineral content of the fruits harvested at 3 different stages of maturation and its processed product, the jelly; it also aimed to characterize the quality of post-harvest fruit at different times of storage under refrigeration and the qualities of the jellies as well; and it also aimed to determine the potential antioxidant compounds stability during preparation and storage of jelly and fruit, respectively. Evaluations were performed at the time of harvest for Experiment 1 and also on days 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 after harvest for the other experiments in order to evaluate the possible degradation of the antioxidant nutrients. At the end of the experiments it was possible to conclude that the fruit has a high potential for industrialization since for most bioactive compounds evaluated there were no major changes resulting from the processing. This feature places the black mulberry fruit as a great alternative for processing.
Doutor

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Khalaf, Eyada. "Phenolic-Linked Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Properties of Selected Cereal, Pseudo-Cereal, and Millet Using In Vitro Screening Methods". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29281.

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Improving diversity of food systems by targeting whole grain cereals, pseudo-cereals, and millets is essential to enhance nutritional qualities beyond macro and micronutrient balance and to address emerging global food and nutritional security-linked public health challenges. However, human health relevant nutritional parameters of whole grains vary widely among species, genotypes, growing conditions, and further due to different processing methods. Therefore, it is important to screen human health relevant nutritional parameters of these whole grains prior to targeting them for wider public health solutions linked to non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD). Based on this rationale, oats from different processing stages and from different production systems, buckwheat, teff, pearl millet, and different genotypes of sorghum were analyzed for health relevant phenolic bioactive linked antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic properties using in vitro assay models. Overall, high phenolic-linked antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties were observed in whole grain oats, rolled oat, buckwheat, teff, and select sorghum genotypes.

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Hutton, Peter. "Antimicrobial plants of Australia have the potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0159.

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[Truncated abstract] Antimicrobial growth promoters are added to feed to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminant animals by selectively inhibiting rumen bacteria that produce lactic acid. However, recently imposed or impending bans on the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in animal production have lead to a critical need to find practical alternatives that are safe for the animal and consumer and that obtain similar production benefits. I investigated bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent lactic acidosis in ruminants. The unifying hypothesis tested was that plants would be identified that selectively inhibit lactic acid-producing bacteria and consequently protect against lactic acidosis. This hypothesis was tested in a three phase process: phase 1, plant selection and collection; phase 2, a three stage protocol for screening plants and essential oils; phase 3, in vivo experiments and chemical fractionation of the most promising plant. I developed an in vitro bioassay that simulated acidosis by adding glucose to rumen fluid in Bellco tubes and incubating for 5 h (Chapter 4). The pH and gas production were used as indicators of acidosis and fermentation activity. I used this bioassay to screen ninety-five plants (dried and ground material from 79 species) and ten essential oils and included a negative control (oaten chaff) and a positive control (virginiamycin). One plant, Eremophila glabra, produced a similar pH (5.63) to the positive control (5.43) although it inhibited gas production to a moderate extent (P < 0.05). ... Seven serrulatane diterpenes were identified to be the major secondary metabolites in E. glabra. The metabolites were screened using a broth dilution and microtitre spectrophotometry method and were selective against S. bovis at between 320 and 1077 [mu]g/ mL. The serrulatanes from E. glabra were probably responsible for the activity against acidosis that I observed in vitro, because they selectively inhibited lactateproducing bacteria. It is also possible that a synergy between serrulatanes and possibly other metabolites are responsible for the activity observed in vitro. The results from my experiments support the role that bioactive plants may have to replace the antibiotics that are added to livestock feed. Australian plants were identified containing compounds that were active against the bacterial processes responsible for ruminant acidosis. To my knowledge this is the first work undertaken to identify bioactive plants of Australia for their potential to prevent acidosis. I developed in vitro screening bioassays that targeted key indicators of acidosis. These bioassays enabled me to identify 5 plants from the 104 screened that could potentially control acidosis. One of these plants in particular, E. glabra, showed a level of activity in vitro that was comparable to antibiotic protection against acidosis. The exciting in vitro results were not demonstrated in vivo but only one dose level of E. glabra was used, which was based on the in vitro work. In contrast to the in vitro system the rumen is a continuous flow system with greater complexity and it is possible that the concentration of E. glabra that I used in vivo was not optimum. This places importance on future dose response experiments to confirm the efficacy of E. glabra in vivo.

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Borges, Luciana da Silva [UNESP]. "Potencial antioxidante, óleo essencial e atividade antifúngica de plantas de jambu (Spilanthes oleracea), cultivadas sob adubação orgânica e convencional e processamento mínimo de nectarina (Prunus persica var. nectarina): conservação de suas qualidades e propriedades bioativas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103236.

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O jambu (Spilanthes oleracea) é uma planta nativa do Brasil, com propriedades químicas importantes. No Estado de São Paulo, a produção de jambu está direcionada para extração do óleo essencial que está sendo fornecido direto para as indústrias de cosméticos, pela sua qualidade farmacológica. No entanto, pesquisas sobre as propriedades antioxidantes dos extratos aquosos e a ação antifúngica do seu óleo essencial são ainda incipientes. Assim, o objetivo geral do primeiro ao terceiro capitulo foram comparar cultivares de jambu produzidos de forma orgânica e convencional, quanto ao desenvolvimento fenológico das plantas (folha e inflorescência), através dos índices morfo-fisiológicos de crescimento, além das substâncias antioxidantes presentes nos extratos aquosos, teores e composição do óleo essencial, bem como sua ação antifúngica. Nos quarto e quinto capitulos, o objetivo foi o uso de radiação UV-C e aplicação de O2 ( 90-100 Kpa) como tratamento capaz de melhorar o potencial de conservação após o processamento mínimo. As características avaliadas no primeiro capitulo foram: Altura de planta, Área foliar, Massa de matéria fresca, Massa de matéria seca, Índice de área foliar (IAF), Razão de Área Foliar (RAF), Área Foliar Específica (AFE), Razão de Peso das Folhas (RPF), Quantidade de água na parte aérea (QAPA), Peso específico foliar (PEF) e Produtividade econômica. No segundo capitulo, avaliou-se: teor de compostos fenólicos, carotenóides, vitamina C e poliaminas, e a atividade da peroxidase, potencial antioxidante, nitrato e nitrogênio; enquanto que, no terceiro capitulo foi extraído e...
The jambu (Spilanthes oleracea) is a native plant of Brazil, with important chemical properties. In São Paulo, the production is directed jambu for extraction of essential oil being supplied direct to the cosmetic, pharmaceutical for its quality. However, research on its antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts and antifungal effect of the essential oil are still incipient. Thus, the overall goal of the first-third chapter were jambu compare cultivars produced under organic and conventional, as the phenological development of plants (leaf and inflorescence), through morphological and physiological indices of growth, in addition to the antioxidants present in extracts aqueous beyond the content and composition of essential oil as well as its antifungal action. In the fourth and fifth chapters, the goal was the use of UV-C radiation and application of O2 ( 90-100 kPa) as a treatment able to improve the conservation value after processing. The characteristics were evaluated in the first chapter: plant height, leaf area, the fresh mass, dry mass, leaf area index (LAI), Leaf Area Ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), Reason Weight of Leaves (RPF), Amount of water in the shoot (QAPA) , specific leaf weight (PEF) and economic productivity. In the second chapter, we evaluated: content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamin C and polyamines, and peroxidase activity, antioxidant potential, and nitrate nitrogen, whereas, in the third chapter was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Oharomari, Leandro Kansuke. "Efeito da suplementação de curcumina e do exercício físico aeróbio sobre o desenvolvimento do diabete mellitus tipo 1 em camundongos diabéticos não obesos (NOD) /". Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144681.

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Orientador: Anderson Marliere Navarro
Banca: Camila de Moraes
Banca: Thabata Koester Weber
Resumo: O diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) é uma doença autoimune caracterizada pela diminuição da produção de insulina pelo pâncreas sendo o principal mecanismo fisiopatológico a infiltração de células inflamatórias, liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e consequente destruição das células beta pancreáticas. Objetivo: testar o possível efeito anti-inflamatório da suplementação de curcumina e do exercício físico aeróbio de moderada intensidade sobre o desenvolvimento do DM1 em camundongos non-obese diabetic (NOD). Métodos: foram selecionados 48 camundongos NOD com cinco semanas de vida e divididos em quatro grupos (n=12): controle (C), suplemetados com curcumina (CUR), treinados (T) e por último o grupo treinado e suplementado (TC). O experimento durou 20 semanas, a cada duas semanas era medida a glicemia através de glicosimetro. Animais que apresentaram glicemia >250 mg/dL foram classificados como diabéticos. No final foi analisado distribuição de insulites no pâncreas, citocinas inflamatórias, insulina e glicemia de jejum no soro. Resultados: Após 25 semanas de vida a incidência de diabetes foi baixa em todos os grupos (0-16,6%) e não houve diferença entre os grupos nos valores finais de glicemia de jejum. Entretanto, foi possível observar que os animais dos grupos que treinaram apresentaram menos insulites comparados com os grupos sedentários. Não houve efeito da suplementação de curcumina. Conclusão: o exercício físico, mas não a suplementação de curcumina, previne insulites de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by decreasing of pancreas insulin production. The main pathophysiological mechanism is immune cell infiltration, release of inflammatory cytokines and consequent destruction of beta pancreatic cells. Objective: it is to test possible anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin supplementation and moderate-aerobic exercise on development of T1D in non-obese diabetic mouse (NOD). Methods: At five weeks old, forty-eight NOD were randomly separated into four groups (n=12): control (C), curcumin (CUR), trained (T), and trained plus curcumin (TC). Experiment lasted 20 weeks; every two week glycemic was measured by glucometer. Animals which had glycemic more than 250 mg/dL were classified as diabetic. In the final of protocol, insulits, cytokines and insulin were measured. Results: After 20 weeks, all groups showed low diabetes incidence (0-16.6%), and there were no difference in fasting blood glucose between groups. However, the two groups of trained animals had less insulitis than other sedentary groups. Curcumin supplementation had any effects. Conclusion: exercise, but not curcumin supplementation, prevents insulitis in NOD mice... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Borges, Luciana da Silva 1981. "Potencial antioxidante, óleo essencial e atividade antifúngica de plantas de jambu (Spilanthes oleracea), cultivadas sob adubação orgânica e convencional e processamento mínimo de nectarina (Prunus persica var. nectarina) : conservação de suas qualidades e propriedades bioativas /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103236.

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Orientador: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
Coorientador: Rumy Goto
Banca: Francisco Artes Calero
Banca: Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva
Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues
Banca: Armando Reis Tavares
Resumo: O jambu (Spilanthes oleracea) é uma planta nativa do Brasil, com propriedades químicas importantes. No Estado de São Paulo, a produção de jambu está direcionada para extração do óleo essencial que está sendo fornecido direto para as indústrias de cosméticos, pela sua qualidade farmacológica. No entanto, pesquisas sobre as propriedades antioxidantes dos extratos aquosos e a ação antifúngica do seu óleo essencial são ainda incipientes. Assim, o objetivo geral do primeiro ao terceiro capitulo foram comparar cultivares de jambu produzidos de forma orgânica e convencional, quanto ao desenvolvimento fenológico das plantas (folha e inflorescência), através dos índices morfo-fisiológicos de crescimento, além das substâncias antioxidantes presentes nos extratos aquosos, teores e composição do óleo essencial, bem como sua ação antifúngica. Nos quarto e quinto capitulos, o objetivo foi o uso de radiação UV-C e aplicação de O2 ( 90-100 Kpa) como tratamento capaz de melhorar o potencial de conservação após o processamento mínimo. As características avaliadas no primeiro capitulo foram: Altura de planta, Área foliar, Massa de matéria fresca, Massa de matéria seca, Índice de área foliar (IAF), Razão de Área Foliar (RAF), Área Foliar Específica (AFE), Razão de Peso das Folhas (RPF), Quantidade de água na parte aérea (QAPA), Peso específico foliar (PEF) e Produtividade econômica. No segundo capitulo, avaliou-se: teor de compostos fenólicos, carotenóides, vitamina C e poliaminas, e a atividade da peroxidase, potencial antioxidante, nitrato e nitrogênio; enquanto que, no terceiro capitulo foi extraído e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The jambu (Spilanthes oleracea) is a native plant of Brazil, with important chemical properties. In São Paulo, the production is directed jambu for extraction of essential oil being supplied direct to the cosmetic, pharmaceutical for its quality. However, research on its antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts and antifungal effect of the essential oil are still incipient. Thus, the overall goal of the first-third chapter were jambu compare cultivars produced under organic and conventional, as the phenological development of plants (leaf and inflorescence), through morphological and physiological indices of growth, in addition to the antioxidants present in extracts aqueous beyond the content and composition of essential oil as well as its antifungal action. In the fourth and fifth chapters, the goal was the use of UV-C radiation and application of O2 ( 90-100 kPa) as a treatment able to improve the conservation value after processing. The characteristics were evaluated in the first chapter: plant height, leaf area, the fresh mass, dry mass, leaf area index (LAI), Leaf Area Ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), Reason Weight of Leaves (RPF), Amount of water in the shoot (QAPA) , specific leaf weight (PEF) and economic productivity. In the second chapter, we evaluated: content of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamin C and polyamines, and peroxidase activity, antioxidant potential, and nitrate nitrogen, whereas, in the third chapter was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Eaton, Alexander Lee. "Isolation and Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds from Plants". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64367.

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As a part of a continuing search for bioactive compounds with the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG), and in collaboration with the Natural Products Discovery Institute of the Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research (IHVR), twelve plant extracts were investigated for their antiproliferative activity against the A2780 cell line, three plant extracts were investigated for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, and three plant extracts were investigated for their anti-inflammatory activity (PPAR-y inhibition). Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts led to the identification of four new antiproliferative compounds (2.1-2.3, 3.1), five new anti-inflammatory compounds (6.4a, 6.5a-b, 6.6a, 6.6c), and twenty-eight known compounds from eight of the extracts. In addition, mallotojaponin C, an antimalarial natural product, and derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their antimalarial activity.
Ph. D.

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Zachow, Karine. "Avaliação do tratamento hidrotérmico, combinado ao cálcio e ao ácido giberélico, na resposta do tomate ao chilling". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2011. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1408.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) is subject to chilling injury during cold storage. The application of calcium and plant growth regulators in post-harvest may help to reduce a number of physiological disorders on fruits. In this work were verified the influence of the application in post-harvest of the five treatments: control, without heat shock; only heat shock; heat shock + Ca 2 %; heat shock + GA3 100 mg L-1; and heat shock + Ca 2 % + GA3 100 mg L-1, associated with hydrothermal treatment (45 °C) for 12 min of immersion in the response of tomato to the "chilling" and check the physical and chemical composition, the bioactive compounds and enzyme activity of the fruit. The fruits were stored at 5 °C and relative humidity of 80 % for a period of ten days. The evaluations were made ten days after removal of the fruits of the cooling conditions. The design was completely randomized with five treatments and five repetitions, each repetition being characterized by a fruit. Was applied to the ANOVA results, and when the parameter was significant, the averages were compared by Tukey test, at 5 % probability. The use of heat shock treatment was effective in reducing pathogens in tomato fruits after cold storage. Treatment with heat shock + Ca 2 % + GA3 100 mg L-1 was the best among the rest, because it provided a higher concentration of ascorbic acid, as well as β-carotene and total phenols in the fruits treated and caused a reduction in the incidence of pathogens. The use of GA3 showed better results compared to Ca, when combined with heat shock, the fruits response to the effects of cold storage, requiring further investigation in this direction
O tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) está sujeito a danos causados pelo frio ( chilling ) durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A aplicação, em pós-colheita, de cálcio e reguladores vegetais, bem como do uso de tratamento hidrotérmico, pode contribuir para reduzir vários tipos de desordens fisiológicas nos frutos. Neste trabalho, verificou-se a influência da aplicação, pós-colheita, de cinco tratamentos, sendo eles: controle, sem choque térmico; apenas choque térmico; choque térmico + Ca 2 %; choque térmico + GA3 100 mg L-1; e choque térmico + Ca 2 % + GA3 100 mg L-1, associada ao tratamento hidrotérmico (45 ºC) por 12 min de imersão, na resposta do tomate ao chilling , verificando a composição físico-química, os compostos bioativos e atividade enzimática dos frutos. Os frutos foram armazenados a 5 ºC e umidade relativa de 80 % por um período de dez dias. As avaliações foram efetuadas dez dias após a retirada dos frutos das condições de refrigeração. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo cada repetição caracterizada por um fruto. Aos resultados aplicou-se ANOVA, e quando o parâmetro foi significativo, suas médias foram comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey, ao nível de 5 % de probabilidade. O uso do tratamento com choque térmico foi eficiente na redução de patógenos nos frutos de tomate após o armazenamento com frio. O tratamento com choque térmico + Ca 2 % + GA3 100 mg L-1 foi o melhor entre os demais, pois proporcionou maior concentração de ácido ascórbico, bem como de β-caroteno e fenóis totais nos frutos tratados e proporcionou redução da incidência de patógenos. O uso do GA3 apresentou melhores resultados comparado ao Ca, quando combinados ao choque térmico, na resposta dos frutos aos efeitos do frio durante a armazenagem, necessitando de maiores investigações neste sentido

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Rodrigues, Michelle Fernanda Faita. "Avaliação de tecnologias ambientalmente sustentáveis para extração de compostos bioativos". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3264.

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Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
Extratos, óleos essenciais e compostos químicos isolados de origem vegetal têm sido cada vez mais utilizados, não só como matéria-prima para indústrias de diversos ramos, mas também como alternativa no tratamento de problemas da saúde pela população em geral. Considerando a expressiva importância de produção destas substâncias com qualidade elevada e preço acessível, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a análise técnica e econômica na obtenção de compostos bioativos a partir das espécies vegetais Artemisia annua e Varronia curassavica. Visando selecionar e testar três tecnologias de extração ambientalmente sustentáveis, dióxido de carbono supercrítico, maceração a frio com o solvente etanol e destilação com arraste a vapor, um protocolo de alto rendimento e baixo custo para obtenção de compostos bioativos de plantas foi proposto. Para a extração com dióxido de carbono supercrítico foi realizada a investigação da influência da temperatura, pressão e volume de cossolvente (etanol) no rendimento de extração e pureza dos extratos. Três experimentos com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial foram realizados. Para o experimento com A. annua foram testadas 3 temperaturas (40/50/60 ºC), 3 pressões (200/250/300 bar) e 3 níveis de cossolvente (0/15/25%); e para V. curassavica 2 temperaturas (40/60 ºC), 5 pressões (100/150/200/250/300 bar) e extração fracionada. As extrações com destilação por arraste a vapor foram conduzidas à pressão ambiente por 3 - 4 h. E a maceração a frio com etanol foi realizada em série, a pressão ambiente por 6 h, condições estas as ótimas referenciadas. Ao fim dos experimentos os rendimentos e pureza dos extratos e óleo essencial foram comparados e utilizados para a implementação de indústrias de produção de biocompostos utilizando as tecnologias testadas. Por meio de pesquisa de custos envolvidos na implementação do projeto, uso de planilhas no Microsoft Office Excel, do Software SuperPro Designer® e do Aplicativo Web $AVEPI, foi possível estimar os Custos de Produção e Manutenção, Capital Fixo Direto, e, na sequencia simular computacionalmente os cenários econômicos, gerando os indicadores de viabilidade e riscos de implantação das indústrias de extração de artemisinina à partir de A. annua, e óleo essencial à partir de V. curassavica. Observou-se que a extração de artemisinina com dióxido de carbono supercrítico obteve menores rendimentos de extrato que a extração com etanol, porém com maior pureza do composto alvo e custos menores de produção. Na produção de óleo essencial de V. curassavica a extração com dióxido de carbono supercrítico alcançou os mesmos rendimentos e pureza obtidos por destilação com arraste a vapor. No cenário estudado os custos de operação e manutenção da produção de extratos com etanol, dióxido de carbono supercrítico, para A. annua, e dióxido de carbono supercrítico para V. curassavica, revelaram ser maiores que o preço de revenda dos extratos. Para a planta A. annua tais resultados foram atribuídos aos altos custos da matéria-prima, e para V. curassavica aos baixos rendimentos de extrato. O projeto de investimento utilizando destilação com arraste a vapor para obtenção de óleo essencial de V. curassavica mostrou ser promissor devido à alta rentabilidade e baixo risco associado nos senários previstos.
Extracts, essential oils and isolated chemical compounds of vegetable origin have been increasingly used, not only as raw material for industries of different branches, but also as an alternative in the treatment of health problems by the population in general. Considering the expressive importance of producing these substances with high quality and affordable price, the present work had the objective of the technical and economic analysis in obtaining bioactive compounds from the plant species Artemisia annua and Varronia curassavica. Aiming to select and test three environmentally sustainable extraction technologies, supercritical carbon dioxide, cold maceration with the ethanol and steam distillation, a protocol of high yield and low cost to obtain bioactive compounds of plants was proposed. For the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, the influence of temperature, pressure and volume of cosolvent (ethanol) on the extraction yield and purity of the extracts was investigated. Three experiments with a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement were performed. For the A. annua, three temperatures (40/50/60 ºC), 3 pressures (200/250/300 bar) and 3 levels of cosolvents (0/15/25%) were tested; and for V. curassavica 2 temperatures (40/60 ºC), 5 pressures (100/150/200/250/300 bar) and fractional extraction. The extractions with steam distillation were conducted at ambient pressure for 3 - 4 h, and cold maceration with ethanol was carried out in series, at ambient pressure for 6 h, conditions being the best referenced. At the end of the experiments the yields and purity of the extracts and essential oil were compared and used for the implementation of industries of biocomposites production using the technologies tested. Through the research of costs involved in the project implementation and the use of spreadsheets in Microsoft Office Excel, it was calculated the Costs of Production and Maintenance and Direct Fixed Capital; on the sequence, using the Software SuperPro Designer® and the Web Application $AVEPI, the computational simulations were conducted generating the economic indicators on the feasibility and risks of implantation of the industries of extraction of artemisinin from A. annua, and essential oil from V. curassavica. It was observed that the extraction of artemisinin with supercritical carbon dioxide obtained lower yields of extract than the extraction with ethanol, but with higher purity of the target compound and lower costs of production. In the production of essential oil of V. curassavica the extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide reached the same yields and purity obtained by steam distillation. In the scenario studied the costs of operation and maintenance of the production of extracts with ethanol, supercritical carbon dioxide for A. annua, and supercritical carbon dioxide for V. curassavica, were shown to be greater than the revenue price of the extracts. For the A. annua plant, these results were attributed to the high costs of the raw material, and to V. curassavica the low yields of the extract. The investment project using steam distillation for the obtaining of V. curassavica essential oil showed to be promising due to the high profitability and low risk associated in the expected scenarios.

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Grosvenor, Paul William. "Isolation and characterisation of novel bioactive compounds from medicinal plants". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325662.

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Mngeni, Nasipi Zamanala. "Bioactive compounds from selected medicinal plants used in antidiabetic treatment". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2665.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.
The continued use and popularity of plant-based traditional medicine demands scientific validation of the therapeutic potential of the medicinal plants used in disease management and treatment. These medicinal plants are to be evaluated for phytochemical constituents and pharmacologically screened for their bioactivity and include the isolation and identification of their bioactive compounds. The diabetes tea and its eight individual plants constituents were collected from Sing Fefur Herbs in McGregor, Western Cape. The plant material was ground to a fine powder form using a milling machine. The powdered plant material was sequentially extracted with hexane, 1:1 DCM, DCM:MeOH, MeOH and water. The antioxidant activity of the tea and its plants was evaluated with comparison to the antioxidant activity of brewed rooibos tea in literature. The concentration of antioxidants in the plants and the tea were found to be significantly high. The ORAC assay results of the water extracts were significantly higher than that of rooibos tea in all plants. Salvia africana-caerulea water extract ORAC results were 14147.10±1.02 μmol TE/g and this is 10 times better than the brewed rooibos tea results of 1402±44.1 μmol TE/g. The alpha-amylase enzyme inhibition assay showed no significant results while the alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays showed significant results in some of the extracts. The highest inhibitory activity towards alpha-glucosidase was found in the Urtica urens hexane extract and the Thymus vulgaris hexane extract (69.66% and 68.43%, respectively). This observation suggests that alpha-glucosidase enzyme is inhibited mostly by the less polar or medium polarity chemical components of the plant extracts. The crude plant extracts that showed significant activity in the antidiabetic bioassays were further subjected to cytotoxicity assay to ascertain the safety of extracts. The T. vulgaris DCM extract, Salvia officinalis DCM extract and Salvia officinalis hexane extract showed a cell growth inhibition of 54.91%, 62.14% and 63.87% at 100 μg/ml, respectively. The Salvia africana-caerulea DCM extract showed a cell growth inhibition of 59.10% at 50 μg/ml and 62.14% at 100 μg/ml. In the cytotoxicity analysis Salvia africana-caerulea DCM extract is the only extract that showed cell viability below 50% for both concentrations. Phytochemical screening of selected methanolic and aqueous extracts of the diabetes tea and the Salvia africana-caerulea showed the presence of alkaloids, sugars, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins & amino acids, phenolics & tannins and saponins. Furthermore isolation, purification and analysis of two Salvia africana-caerulea crude extracts (DCM and DCM:MeOH) were done in order to try and obtain pure compounds. The compound characterization was done through the use of chromatographic techniques. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), flash chromatography and column chromatography resulted in the generation of 29 fractions. Spectroscopic techniques utilized for chemical structural elucidation for compounds of interest included Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Of all the fractions generated, DM 23 was the purest and its structural elucidation was attempted.

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Perron, Tommy. "Étude du potentiel bioactif de la Brasenia schreberi /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2006. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (M.Ress.Renouv.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2006.
La p. de t. porte en outre: Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en ressources renouvelables. CaQCU Comprend des références bibliographiques. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

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Manirujjaman. "Identification of bioactive compounds in native plants and their effects on wound healing". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132475/1/Manirujjaman_Manirujjaman_Thesis.pdf.

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This project has made an important contribution towards understanding the medicinal potential of three Australian plants. The identification of novel and previously isolated wound healing compounds from the methanolic extracts of the target plants demonstrate that Australian natives are a rich source of bioactive constituents, which may have a therapeutic role for the future treatment of chronic non-healing wounds.

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Mackenzie, Fiona L. "The isolation, identification and characterisation of bioactive compounds from plants used in traditional medicine". Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311779.

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Yam, Jianying. "The search for bioactive compounds in tropical plants to target hormone imbalance associated diseases /". Basel : [s.n.], 2008. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_8163.

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King, Maria Catharina. "Bioactive actinobacteria associated with two South African medicinal plants, Aloe ferox and Sutherlandia frutescens". University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8382.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Actinobacteria, a Gram-positive phylum of bacteria found in both terrestrial and aquatic environments, are well-known producers of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. The isolation of actinobacteria from unique environments has resulted in the discovery of new antibiotic compounds that can be used by the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the fynbos biome was identified as one of these unique habitats due to its rich plant diversity that hosts over 8500 different plant species, including many medicinal plants. In this study two medicinal plants from the fynbos biome were identified as unique environments for the discovery of bioactive actinobacteria, Aloe ferox (Cape aloe) and Sutherlandia frutescens (cancer bush).

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Duru, Betul. "Isolation Of A Bioactive Compound Hypericin From A Medicinal Plant Hyppericum Perforatum L. Using Basic Chromatography Methods". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604846/index.pdf.

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Medicinal plants which have been widely used in folk medicine are known to contain important biologically active compounds. Most of today&rsquo
s synthetic drug raw materials are to be prepared by using plant originated compounds as the starting material. Hypericum Perforatum is one of the medicinal plants that grows in Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa and is distinguished by its golden yellow flowers. The common name of the plant is St. John&rsquo
s wort. From the time of the ancient Greeks down through the middle Ages, the plant was considered to be imbued with magical powers and was used to ward off evil and protect against disease. As a practical folk-remedy, it has been used widely to heal wounds, remedy kidney troubles, and alleviate nervous disorders, even insanity. In the last thirty years, Hypericum perforatum has undergone extensive clinical and laboratory testing. The extract of the flower is a red liquid that contains many biologically active compounds such as: naphtodianthrones (hypericin, pseudohypericin), phloroglucinols (hyperforin, adhyperforin), flavonoids (quercetin, hyperoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, rutin, campferol, myricetin, amentofloavone), procyanidins (procyanidin, catechin, epicatechin polymers) , tannins (tannic acid), essential oils (terpenes, alcohols), amino acids (GABA, Cysteine, glutamine, leucine, lysine, ornithine, praline, threonine), phenyl propanes (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid), xanthones (keilcorin, norathriol), organic acids peptides and polysaccharides (other water soluble compounds). These compounds have previously been isolated using HPLC method. The aim of this study is to isolate the main biologically active compound groups of Hypericum Perforatum and simply characterize the compounds with TLC, UV-VIS spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy using standard compounds as references.

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Franquez, Gustavo Giménez. "Seleção e multiplicação de clones de morangueiro (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3165.

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The objectives of this research were to select new strawberry clones for the estate of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and to develop methods of multiplication to obtain disease-free transplants with high physiological quality. Five advanced strawberry clones from the Breeding Program and two controls were evaluated in an annual hill system in low tunnels from April to December, 2006. A closed soilless system was developed, based on a growing bed with substrate over a cement tile. A nutrient solution was delivered from a reservoir to the upper end of the tile and drained off back by gravity. An inert substrate (sand) and an organic substrate (Plantmax®) and two advanced strawberry clones were tested. In another experiment fruit yield of plug transplants of different sizes was compared to that of bare-root transplants. Plug transplants were produced rooting runner tips in plastic trays with different volumes of organic substrate. Bare-root transplants were produced in the closed soilless growing system described above. Clones LBD 15.1, LBH 27.2, LBD 35.2 and LBG 121.4 were identified as having potential to be used in the estate of RS. These clones combine earliness, high yield and fruit quality, high content of bioactive compounds and resistance to diseases. A high number of healthy bare-root and runner tips with high quality were obtained with both substrates and both clones. A higher early fruit yield during fall and winter was obtained with plug transplants. Both plug and bare-root transplants reached a high total yield. It was concluded that selected strawberry clones of this research can be recommended to substitute commercial cultivars now planted in the RS or used in combination with them and that disease-free bare-root transplants and runner tips for plug transplants, both with high physiological quality can be produced in the closed soilless system, providing a sustainable alternative for nurseries.
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram selecionar novos clones de morangueiro para o RS e desenvolver um sistema de multiplicação para a obtenção de mudas com alta qualidade fisiológica e sanitária. Foram avaliados cinco clones avançados do Programa de Melhoramento e duas testemunhas, em túneis baixos, durante os meses de abril e dezembro de 2006. Para a multiplicação foi utilizado um sistema fechado sem solo, baseado em um leito de cultivo com substrato sobre telhas de fibrocimento. A circulação da solução nutritiva foi feita a partir de um reservatório até a extremidade mais alta da telha, drenando por gravidade. Como substrato, testou-se a areia na categoria inerte e o Plantmax® na categoria orgânica, com dois clones. Em outro experimento foi comparada a produtividade de mudas com torrão de diferentes tamanhos e com raízes nuas. As mudas com torrão foram produzidas a partir de pontas de estolão enraizadas em bandejas com diferentes volumes de substrato orgânico. As mudas com raízes nuas foram provenientes do sistema fechado sem solo. Foram identificados os clones LBD 15.1, LBH 27.2, LBD 35.2 e LBG 121.4 com potencial para serem cultivados no RS. Esses clones combinam alta produtividade precoce e total, qualidade de fruta, conteúdo de componentes bioativos na fruta e resistência às doenças. Um alto número de mudas e pontas de estolão sadias e de alta qualidade foi obtido no sistema fechado sem solo com ambos os substratos e clones. As mudas com torrão apresentaram maior produtividade precoce no outono e inverno. Tanto as mudas com torrão como as de raízes nuas alcançaram elevada produtividade total. Concluiu-se que os novos clones selecionados podem ser indicados em substituição ou em combinação com as cultivares atualmente em uso no RS e que o sistema fechado sem solo é uma alternativa sustentável para ser empregada na produção de mudas com raízes nuas e de pontas de estolão para mudas com torrão.

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Perera, Muthukuttige. "Phytochemical analysis of two Australian native plants and their effects on chronic wound healing". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/229994/1/Muthukuttige%20Madusha%20Nuwanthi_Perera_Thesis.pdf.

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Chronic wounds are a significant burden to national health services worldwide and a potential reason for patients’ declining quality of life. As such, this project focused on assessing the therapeutic effect of two Australian native plants, Alocasia macrorrhizos and Syncarpia hillii for their potential in chronic wound healing, through investigating their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties.

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Rakuambo, N. C. (Ntungufhadzeni Christopher). "The traditional use of medicinal plants to treat erectile dysfunction and the isolation of their bioactive compounds". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23154.

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Please read the abstract in the dissertation Copyright 2002, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Rakuambo, NC 2002, The traditional use of medicinal plants to treat erectile dysfunction and the isolation of their bioactive compounds, MSc dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03122012-172112 / > E12/4/140/gm
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2002.
Plant Science
unrestricted

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Dilika, Fikile. "The medicinal value of Amaryllidaceae and Asteraceae species used in male circumcision". Thesis, Connect to this title online, 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04112007-153554/.

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Okeleye, Benjamin Ifeoluwa. "In vitro activity of bioactive compounds of selected South African medicinal plants on clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/310.

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The stem bark of Peltophorum africanum and Bridelia micrantha are used in South Africa traditional medicine for treatment of intestinal parasites, relieve problems and human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by Helicobacter pylori the major etiological agent in gastritis, gastric cancer, peptic and gastric ulcer demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. This study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of five solvent (ethylacetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water) extracts of the stem bark of P. africanum and B. micrantha on clinical strains of H. pylori in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. H. pylori strains were isolated from patients presenting with gastric related morbidities at the Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth for endoscopy and confirmed following standard microbiology procedures. The plant extracts including clarithromycin were tested against 31 clinical strains of H. pylori by the agar well diffusion method. The most potent extract was evaluated by the microdilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC50&90), followed by the rate of kill. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out. The one way ANOVA test was used to statistically analyse the results. All the extracts demonstrated anti-H. pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition that ranged from 0 to 23 mm for the extracts and 0 to 35 mm for clarithromycin. Marked susceptibility (100%) was recorded for the ethyl acetate extract of P. africanum (P. afr. EA) and the acetone extract of B. micrantha (B. mic. A), which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared to all other extracts and clarithromycin. For B. micrantha ethyl acetate extract, 93.5 percent susceptibility was observed while for the control iv antibiotic, clarithromycin it was 58.1 percent. The MIC50 ranged from 0.0048 to 0.313 mg/mL for P. afr. EA, and from 0.0048 to 0.156 mg/mL for B. mic. EA; MIC90 ranged from 0.156 mg/mL to 0.625 mg/mL and 0.0048 to 2.5 mg/mL for P. afr. EA and B. mic. EA respectively. There was a significant statistical difference observed in potency of both P. afr. EA and B. mic. A compared to the two antibiotics (P < 0.05). One hundred percent killing by P. afr EA was observed at 0.05 mg/mL (½ x MIC) and 0.2 mg/mL (2 x MIC) in 66 h for strain PE466C and PE252C respectively. For B. mic. EA, 100 percent killing effect of both strains (PE430C and PE369C) was observed at 0.1 mg/mL (2 x MIC) in 66 h. Qualitative phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins in the ethyl acetate extracts of both plants, which could be a potential template of lead molecule for the design of new anti- Helicobacter pylori therapies.

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48

Manolaraki, Foteini. "Propriétés anthelminthiques du sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliae) : analyse des facteurs de variations et du rôle des composés phénoliques impliqués". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0011/document.

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Les nématodes parasites du tube digestif demeurent une contrainte majeure pesant sur la santé, le bien être et les productions des petits ruminants élevés à l’herbe. Le mode usuel de maîtrise de ce parasitisme repose sur l’emploi répété de molécules chimiques anthelminthiques. Toutefois, le développement et la diffusion généralisée de résistances à ces molécules dans les populations de vers imposent désormais d’utiliser ces traitements avec discernement et de trouver des solutions complémentaires ou alternatives. L’incorporation dans la conduite d’élevage (ration des moutons ou des chèvres) de légumineuses fourragères riches en tannins condensés dotées de propriétés anthelminthiques s’est avérée une option prometteuse pour réduire le recours aux molécules chimiques. Toutefois, une des difficultés d’application de ces plantes tient à la variabilité des résultats observés. En prenant le sainfoin comme modèle de légumineuse contenant des tannins et en s’appuyant essentiellement sur des méthodes in vitro basées sur les larves 3 infestantes, l’objectif général de cette thèse est d’analyser le rôle respectif de facteurs liés à l’environnement, aux variétés génétiques ou aux modes de préservation technologiques sur les propriétés anthelminthiques. Quelque soit le critère envisagé, une forte variabilité a été observée. Les principales variations liées à l’environnement dépendaient de l’année et du cycle de coupe, ainsi que du site d’exploitation. Parmi les 38 variétés testées, 9 se sont avérées à forte activité AH, alors que 22 étaient à très faible activité. Enfin, les résultats ont aussi surtout souligné une plus forte activité antiparasitaire dans des formes séchées ou ensilées par comparaison à des échantillons frais. La comparaison des profils biochimiques liés à cette variabilité a permis une exploration des composés phénoliques expliquant l’activité anthelminthique. L’existence d’une relation dose-réponse a été précisée. Le rôle des tannins condensés a été confirmé, notamment ceux à faible degré de polymérisation et à faible poids moléculaire. L’importance des prodelphinidines qui seraient plus actives que les procyanidines reste à confirmer. De plus, il a été montré que d’autres flavonoides peuvent jouer un rôle, notamment les flavan-3-ols et les flavonols. La différence d’activité entre les échantillons de sainfoin ensilés ou fanés par comparaison aux échantillons frais s‟expliquerait en partie par la présence de formes non glycosidés de flavonols. Ces résultats devraient conduire à développer des méthodes de dosage pour identifier les échantillons de sainfoin, et plus généralement de légumineuses riches en tannins, dotés de propriétés anthelminthiques significatives
Gastrointestinal nematodes remain a major constraint on the health, welfare and production of small ruminants. Over the past decades, the usual mode of control of this parasitism has mainly relied on the repeated use of chemical anthelmintics. However these treatments are nowadaysfacing some limits among which the most important is the development and widespread diffusion of resistance to these chemical molecules within worm populations. Consequently, the need to find complementary or alternative solutions is becoming urgent. The possible exploitation of forage legumes, rich in condensed tannins, with anthelmintic properties, by incorporation in the diet of sheep or goats, seems a promising option to reduce the reliance on chemical molecules. However, one of the main difficulties to use these plants as nutraceuticals relates to the variations in results. By using sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifoliae) as a model of tannin-containing legume and based on in vitro methods on the infective third stage larvae, the main objectives of this PhD were i) to examine the influence of environmental, genetic (40 different varieties) and technological (mode of preservation) factors on the anthelmintic properties of sainfoin and ii) to analyse whether differences in phenolic compounds might explain the variations. Whatever the factor considered, a high variability in results was observed. The main variations due to the environmental factors depended on the year and the cycle of cutting, as well as on the site of cultivation. Among the 38 varieties tested, only 9 have shown AH activity over 50 %. Last, a higher antiparasitic activity was found in the dried or ensiled forms compared to the fresh samples. A comparison of the biochemical profiles associated with these variations indicated a role of proanthocyanidins plus other phenolic compounds in the anthelmintic properties. The dose-response relationship between the AH activity and the ability to form complex with proteins was defined. The role of condensed tannins was confirmed, particularly those with a low degree of polymerization. The respective importance of prodelphinidins vs procyanidins remains to be further investigated. Moreover, the possible role of other flavonoids, in particular of flavan-3-ols and flavonols was also confirmed. The difference in activity between dried or ensiled forms compared to fresh sainfoin samples was partly explained by the presence of flavonol aglycosides. These results should favour the development of measurements in order to identify sainfoin samples with higher anthelmintic properties

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Azuama, Onyedikachi Cecil. "Recherche de nouveaux actifs d'origine végétale contre le pathogène opportuniste de l'homme Pseudomonas aeruginosa Battling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence with natural plant bioactive compounds Membrane-interactive compounds from Pistacia lentiscus L. thwart Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence Tackling Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by mulinane-like diterpenoids from Azorella atacamensis Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence attenuation by extracts of Parastrephia terestiuscula, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family from the Atacama Desert area The absence of SigX results in impaired carbon metabolism and membrane fluidity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activation of the Cell Wall stress response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected by a Pf4 Phage Variant The temperature-regulation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cmaX-cfrX-cmp-X operon reveals an intriguing molecular network involving the Sigma factors AlgU and SigX". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR077.

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La résistance aux antimicrobiens est l’un des défis majeurs du XX1eme siècle. Pseudomonas aeruginosa est inscrit sur la liste des organismes pathogènes qui deviennent résistants aux antibiotiques conventionnels. De nouvelles stratégies visant à atténuer la virulence sans perturber la croissance et la viabilité bactériennes, également connues sous le nom de stratégie anti-virulence, sont développées. Les plantes sont connues pour produire de nombreux métabolites secondaires. Des extraits de fruits de Pistachia Lentiscus originaires d'Algérie et de 40 extraits de plantes originaires du Nord-Chili ont été criblés pour leur capacité à atténuer la production de la pyocyanine, un facteur de virulence majeur de P. aeruginosa, dans le but d’évaluer leur potentiel effet antivirulence. Les extraits sélectionnés (Pistacia lentiscus, Azorella atacamensis, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus et Parastrephia terestiucula), ont été fractionnés et l’ensemble de ces extraits et fractions a montré une atténuation de la production d’autres facteurs de virulence (élastase, rhamnolipides), qui a pu être attribuée, au moins partiellement à une diminution de la communication bactérienne via le mécanisme du quorum sensing. Ces extraits et fractions altèrent également la fluidité membranaire de P. aeruginosa. Cet effet anti-virulence a été validé dans un modèle d'infection cellulaire, et sur le nématode Caenorhabditis elegans. Dans toutes ces conditions, la croissance de P. aeruginosa n'a pas été affectée. Un profilage chimique des extraits et fractions de P. lentiscus et d'A atacamensis a révélé la présence d'acide gingkolique et de diterpenoides de type azorellane/mulinane comme potentiels composés bioactifs. De futures études visent à identifier les composés bioactifs sur P. aeruginosa H103, ainsi que sur un panel de souches cliniques, et à évaluer un potentiel effet potentialisateur de l'activité des antibiotiques. Ces travaux visent in fine à proposer ces composés d’origine végétale comme adjuvants dans le traitement des infections à P. aeruginosa
Antimicrobial resistance has become a great challenge in therapeutic medicine so much so that the World health organization forecasts the possibility of a post-antibiotic era where minor injuries may lead to mortality. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the list of organisms that are highly resistant to conventional antibiotics, partly due to its broad genome, which facilitates the elaboration of virulence determinants and rapid adaptation to various environments, in addition to its inherent resistance mechanisms. In view of this, alternative measures of controlling microbial virulence activities using novel approaches that do not disturb its growth and viability, also known as anti-virulence strategy, are gaining wider attention. Since plants are repositories of several metabolites with chemical defense system against environmental pathogens, through ethnobotanical led studies, the effect of Pistacia lentiscus fruit extracts originating from Algeria and forty plant extracts originating from North-Chile were biologically and chemically evaluated with the aim of deciphering their anti-virulence effects against P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, this study tried to gain more insight into the bioactive compounds and possible mechanism of action. From the results obtained, selected plant extracts attenuated P. aeruginosa mainly pyocyanin activity and /or elastase and rhamnolipids virulence production which appears to be associated with the inhibition of quorum sensing activities and the alteration in membrane activities. The anti-virulence effect of the selected extracts (P. lentiscus, Azorella atacamensis, Baccharis grisebachii, Haplopappus rigidus and Parastrephia terestiucula) were also validated in biological models of infections where they mediated the toxicity of P. aeruginosa towards A549 human monolayer cells and/or Caenorhabditis elegans nematode. Interestingly, growth of the pathogen was not affected. Further chemical profiling of P. Lentiscus, and A atacamensis extracts revealed the presence of gingkolic acid and azorellane/mulinane diterpenoids as the putative bioactive compounds. Future studies intend to explore these extracts and their derived compounds on the potentiation of antibiotic activity in a panel of clinical strains. In general, this study sets the pace for the possible use of these plant extracts as adjuvants in treatment of P. aeruginosa infections

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Okoh, Omobola Oluranti. "Chemical transformations and phytochemical studies of bioactive components from extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/354.

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Variations in the yield, chemical composition, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. cultivated in Alice, Eastern Cape of South Africa over a period of 12 months using the solvent-free microwave extraction and traditional hydrodistillation methods were evaluated. The GC-MS analyses of the essential oils revealed the presence of 33 compounds with 1,8-cineole, a-pinene, camphor, verbenone, bornyl acetate and camphene constituting about 80 percent of the oils throughout the period of investigation, with the solvent-free microwave extraction method generally yielding more of the major components than the hydrodistillation method. Each of the major components of the oils varied in quantity and quality of yield at different periods of the year. The method of extraction and time of harvest are of importance to the quantity and quality of essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes such as borneol, camphor, terpene- 4-ol, linalool, a-terpeneol were present in the oil of SFME in comparison with HD. However, HD oil contained more monoterpene hydrocarbons such as a-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, myrcene, a-phellanderene, 1,8-cineole, trans- β-ocimene, γ-teprinene, and cis-sabinene hydrate than SFME extracted oil. Accumulation of monoterpene alcohols and ketones was observed during maturation process of Rosmarinus leaves. Quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration values were determined using a serial microplate dilution method. The essential oils obtained using both methods of extraction were active against all the bacteria tested at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the SFME extracted oils ranged between 0.23 and 1.88 mg mL-1, while those of the HD extracted oils varied between 0.94 and 7.5 mg mL-1, thus suggesting that the oil obtained by solvent free microwave extraction was more active against bacteria than the oil obtained through hydrodistillation. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the obtained oils were tested by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH+) assay and β- carotene bleaching test. In the DPPH+ assay, while the free radical scavenging activity of the oil obtained by SFME method showed percentage inhibitions of between 48.8 percent and 67 percent, the HD derived oil showed inhibitions of between 52.2 percent and 65.30 percent at concentrations of 0.33, 0.50 and 1.0 mg mL-1, respectively. In the β-carotene bleaching assay, the percentage inhibition increased with increasing concentration of both oils with a higher antioxidant activity of the oil obtained through the SFME than the HD method. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze the chemical composition of the extracts using three eluent solvent systems of varying polarities i. e. CEF, BEA and EMW and sprayed with vanillin-sulfuric acid. The chemical composition of the different extracts was similar with the exception of methanol and water extracts which had only one or two visible compounds after treating with vanillin-spray reagent. To evaluate the number of antibacterial compounds present in the fractions, bioautography was used against two most important nosocomial microorganisms. S. aureus (Gram positive) and E. coli (Gram negative). Nearly all the crude serial extraction fractions contained compounds that inhibited the growth of E. coli. The hexane extract had the most lines of inhibition followed by ethyl acetate. Bioassay-guided fractionation against E. coli was used to isolate antibacterial compounds. The largest number of antibacterial compounds occurred in the hexane fraction. Furthermore we tried to complete the characterization by extracting and studying other biologically important plant metabolites such as phenolic compounds to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Rosmarinus extracts.

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