Gotowa bibliografia na temat „PICO HYDRO STATION”

Electric energy has become a basic and essential thing in human life. The electricity is not only utilized for entertainment, it also helpful in powering many devices utilized in medicine, emergency and assisting. Generation of electric power is not a simple task in any medium. There are several medium of power generation is possible in the present scenario. At present, renewable source of energy generation has become popular because of its atmosphere friendly nature and reduced cost of installation for generating station. Hydro power generation is one among such method of power generation produces electricity by means of rotating a turbine blades with running water. The traditional hydro power plants were made to produce electric energy from the river water movement and falls water movement. The proposed MPH (Multiple Pico Hydro) power generation scheme is developed to make power generation from the domestic running water flowing in the pipeline of a home or apartment. The produced power is stored to a battery source and inverted in to an alternating current supply for powering the home. To make an efficient model the pico power generators are fixed to multiple pipelines. The performance of the proposed model is analyzed and it can be connected to another renewable energy sources for making a hybrid structure of power generation.

<p>This paper proposes a reduced switch Open-Delta (OD-VSC) voltage controller for an standalone asynchronous generator (SAG), also known as the self-excited induction generator (SEIG),used in constant power applications such as pico hydro uncontrolled turbine driven isolated induction generator (IAG) for feeding three-phase loads. The proposed reduced switch voltage controller is used to regulate and control the generator terminal voltage as it is subjected to voltage drops, dips or flickers when the isolated power system is subjected to various critical loads. Generally this purpose is carried out by a STATCOM comprising of a three-leg six-switch inverter structure. Here, in this work the DSTATCOM is realized using a three-leg four-switch insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based current controlled voltage-sourced converter (CC-VSC) and a self-supporting dc bus containing two split capacitors. The proposed generating system along with the controller is modeled and simulated in MATLAB along with Simulink and power system blockset (PSB) toolboxes. The system is simulated and the capability of the isolated generating system along with the reduced switch based voltage controller is presented here where the generator feeds linear and non-linear loads are investigated.</p>

AbstractThe final project is aimed at realizing a Pico-hydro Power Plant that can be used for street lighting around the salak garden, as well as find out the performance of the pico-hydro power plant which can be used for electrical energy needs such as street lighting. Design and manufacture of pico-hydro power plant requires several supporting components such as: (a). Pelton type turbine; (b). 3 phase AC generator; (c). Accumulator 12volt 3.5Ah; (d). 3 phase full phase rectifier circuit; (e). Charger control regulator circuit; (f). Inverter circuit; And (g). Energy saving lamps. The process of the beginning includes: (a). Analyzing the needs of both equipment and materials needs, (b). Do the design process, (c). Design of Pico Hydro Power Plant (PLTPH), (d). Testing tool. Based on the performance test results, Pico-Hydro Power Station can work well. This can be seen from the indicators of high water flow discharge can rotate the turbine quickly during the rainy season the flow of water will be higher turbine will also spin faster. Water discharge is very influential on the rotation of the generator, if the water discharge is high then the charging will be faster. Conversely when the water discharge decreases the charging will be long. The average water discharge of 0.061 - 0.065 can rotate the 371 rpm generator producing an average voltage of 17.5 volts. At a voltage generated from an inverter of 220 Volts can supply a number of 5-sized lamps 15 Watt. The result of the generator test produces a voltage of 12 V AC with a current of 2 Ampere converted to an inverter DC voltage to AC to 220 V with 100 Watt power. Keywords : pico-hydro, 3 phase AC generator, water discharge AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk merealisasikan sebuah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Pico-hydro yang dapat digunakan untuk penerangan jalan seputaran kebun salak, serta mengetahui unjuk kerja dari pembangkit listrik tenaga pico-hydro yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk kebutuhan energi listrik seperti penerangan jalan. Perancangan dan pembuatan pembangkit listrik tenaga pico-hydro membutuhkan beberapa komponen pendukung diantaranya: a). turbin berjenis pelton; b). generator AC 3 fasa; c). accumulator 12volt 3,5Ah; d). rangkaian penyearah gelombang penuh 3 fasa; e). rangkaian charger control regulator; f). rangkaian inverter; dan g). lampu hemat energi. Proses pembuatan alat, meliputi: a). menganalisis kebutuhan baik kebutuhan alat dan bahan, b). melakukan proses perancangan, c). pembuatan desain Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Pico Hydro (PLTPH), d). pengujian alat. Berdasarkan hasil uji kinerja, Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Pico-Hydro dapat bekerja dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari indikator debit aliran air yang tinggi dapat memutar turbin dengan cepat. Saat musim hujan aliran air akan semakin tinggi sehingga turbin juga akan berputar lebih cepat. Debit air sangat berpengaruh terhadap putaran generator, jika debit air tinggi maka pengisian akan lebih cepat. Sebaliknya saat debit air menurun pengisian akan lama. Debit air rata-rata 0,061 - 0,065 dapat memutar generator 371 rpm menghasilkan tegangan rata-rata 17,5 volt. Pada tegangan yang dihasilkan dari inverter sebesar 220 Volt dapat mensuplai sejumlah lampu 5 berukuran 15 Watt. Hasil pengujian generator menghasilkan tegangan 12 V AC dengan arus 2 Ampere dikonversi ke inverter tegangan DC ke AC menjadi 220 V dengan daya 100 Watt. Kata kunci: pico-hydro, generator AC 3 fasa, debit air

A singular precipitation event on the summit glacial slopes of Mexico’s highest volcanic peak, Citlatépetl (also known as Pico de Orizaba), associated with the passage of Hurricane Ernesto across the southern Mexico mainland in August 2012, resulted in a debris flow at altitudes above 4,400 m asl, culminating in a hyperconcentrated flow downstream that had major impacts to a river valley’s channel morphology as well as to communities along a 25 km runout. The lahar originated at the terminal moraine and proglacial ramp of the Little Ice Age (LIA) extent of Citlaltépetl’s Jamapa glacier. Precipitation amounts were estimated based on nearby CONAGUA stations, but also on TRMM satellite images leading to an estimated 106 mm for a 3 day total, with 85 mm (80% of the total) falling on August 9th, the date when the lahar event occurred. The initial debris flow removed a minimum estimated 60,000 m3 of material from the proglacial ramp. A possible causative scenario is that the precipitation event overpressured the groundwater hydrology of an already unstable glacial-melt-saturated moraine. We demonstrate a methodology for the recreation of a pre-event landscape and the environmental conditions at the onset of the lahar, utilizing satellite products, in-situ geomorphological and geological evidence, and UAS technology.

The increasing use of renewable energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, bio gas energy and small hydro energy have gained success in rural electrification which has potential and competence of operating in the remote and hilly areas with very low cost generating system. With wind turbine and micro/mini hydro generators as an alternative source of energy it can deliver electricity to millions of people and improve life standard and create jobs where the extension of grid require a huge investment in infrastructure because of its very cost effective and decentralize system. The induction motor is the widely used electric machine which can work reversible and operate as induction generator for autonomous operation. The self excited induction generator (SEIG) are found to be most suitable for electrification rural isolated areas using locally available renewable energy because of its advantages well known. This report focuses on the dynamic study of SEIG-self excited induction generator which is driven by a constant stable torque from hydro turbine is done with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK software to predict and analyze the performance characteristic of SEIG under different conditions, this thesis aims to study the work done by researchers in evaluating and analyzing the characteristic performance of SEIG-self excited induction generator and its operation under different conditions which includes process of self-excitation, different kind of loading, Reactive Compensation with series capacitor technique and SEIG with electronic load controller (ELC) technique.