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Lashin, Abdelrahman, Mohammad Al Turkestani i Mohamed Sabry. "Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator Partially Illuminated with Highly Concentrated Light". Energies 13, nr 14 (14.07.2020): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143627.
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In order to maximize the output of concentrator Photovoltaic cells and maintain their efficiencies, the operating temperature of concentrator photovoltaic cells must be reduced. A way that could reduce such photovoltaic temperature is by thermally attaching them on top of a thermoelectric generator. A thermoelectric generator in such coupling will act as a low-cost passive-cooling subsystem, as well as a power generator for producing additional energy from the rejected photovoltaic heat. Increasing the area of the proposed photovoltaic cells relative to the thermoelectric generator’s hot-side area will result in an increase in the thermoelectric generator’s electrical output, but may also result in overheating the photovoltaic cells, hence reducing their performance. Optimization has to be performed for the photovoltaic covering percentage relative to the hot-side area in order to maximize the output of the whole coupled system. This work investigates the electrical and thermal performance of thermoelectric generators in the case of partial illumination of their hot side. Experiments have been carried out using three thermoelectric generator modules with different areas, and under two levels of concentrated illumination. The thermoelectric generator output voltage, current, and temperature have been measured, and the figure-of-merit and maximum power of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) has been calculated and demonstrated.
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Shen, Yang-Wu, Ding Wang, Hao Chen, Jian Zuo, Min Xu i Wei Cao. "Analysis of the Influence of Renewable Generator Frequency Endurance Capability on Low-Frequency Load Shedding: A Hunan Case Study". Complexity 2020 (21.12.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899946.
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With the rapid development of renewable generators such as distributed photovoltaic and profound changes of the power structure, this paper analyzes the frequency characteristics of the power system with high penetration of renewable generations in the process of low-frequency load shedding and discusses the influence of the distributed renewable generator frequency endurance capabilities on the implementation effect of low-frequency load shedding in detail. Finally, the influences of the distributed renewable generator frequency endurance capability and the capacities of the distributed renewable generator on frequency response characteristics of an actual Hunan power grid are simulated. The simulation results show that more distributed photovoltaic capacity without frequency endurance capability leads to deeper frequency drops after the disturbance and requires more basic rounds of load shedding. When the penetration rate of distributed photovoltaic is too high, it may cause load shedding, resulting in power grid load losses and, at the same time, leading to an overshoot phenomenon in the process of frequency recovery. Therefore, the influence of distributed photovoltaic on the control of low-frequency load shedding should be considered when designing low-frequency load shedding schemes for the power grid with high penetration of distributed photovoltaic.
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Maya Utami Dewi, Sulartopo Sulartopo i Ahmad Solechan. "REDUCING THE SHOOTING OF HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS ON SCR AND LI-GRIDS". Journal of Technology Informatics and Engineering 1, nr 3 (22.12.2022): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jtie.v1i3.147.
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The main threat by comparable methods lately is the temporary downtime for accurate-current network dispatch errors. Throughout a temporary outage, Power Electronic based power sources stop operating, giving rise to possible security defiance towards the network, in this research, the potentially viable choice to serve continuous work temporarily for the scheme is provided with consideration of identifying upgrades to existing photovoltaic generators (photovoltaic generators discrete) and an upgrade in the separate establishment of existing “photovoltaic” and “Energy Storage Systems” discrete hybrid photovoltaics. This study aims to find a series of power sources with Power Electronic interfaces that are connected to a low “Short Circuit Ratio” network and “Low Inertia” grid to operate without a moment's stoppage.
The proposed method was proved by adopting PSS/e on a method where power electronics-occupying assets produce the majority of energy. Inverter models along with temporary shutdown through an equal 3-period fault were advanced in PSS/e. together with increasing infiltration of “Power Electronics” established multitude and resources, progressive completion is needed to improve network stability in low a) areas and low inertia networks. The requirements for progressive solvent arose out of the steady variation in the paradigm of the power grid from the dominant systems of traditional electric machines to the high penetration of systems based on power electronics. A technical comparison was made between distinct categories of resolution (divergent photovoltaic and divergent hybrid photovoltaic) to operate a photovoltaic generator's weak “Short Circuit Ratios” also “Low Inertia” grating (grid).
The results of this study indicate that the proposed solution is calculated nether disparate running term and error class adopting the Electromagnetic Transient model. Moreover, to analyze distinct solvents, a specialized proportion is served on discrete hybrid photovoltaic generators. The proposed solution is the development of conventional increase as well as contemporary condensers, deter capacitors, and reducers to advanced photovoltaic generators and hybrid photovoltaic generators to provide voltage support to ensure continuous working through lopsided dispatch streak disturbances, and another solution is photovoltaic-energy generation. Integrated storage system connected to High Voltage dc and high voltage ac transmission network.
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Roger, Proenza Y., Camejo C. José Emilio i Ramos H. Rubén. "Procedure for the quantification of the degradation index of Photovoltaic Generators". Journal La Multiapp 2, nr 2 (11.06.2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v2i2.354.
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A procedure is presented for the quantification of the degradation index of Photovoltaic Generators, based on the quantification of the operational losses inherent in the system, which allows maintaining the nominal operating conditions and by the warranty terms of the photovoltaic generator. A photovoltaic generator connected to the network with a nominal power of 7.5 kWp, installed in the Solar Energy Research Center of Santiago de Cuba, is used to evaluate and validate the procedure. The starting point is the mathematical model of the photovoltaic generator, then the operational losses of the photovoltaic generator are quantified and the mathematical model is adjusted to real conditions, through a polynomial adjustment. The results obtained show that the photovoltaic generator presents deviations in terms of the nominal power generation, because the operational losses are 7% with respect to the values given by the manufacturer.
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Saleh, Umar Abubakar, Muhammad Akmal Johar, Siti Amely Binti Jumaat, Muhammad Nazri Rejab i Wan Akashah Wan Jamaludin. "Evaluation of a PV-TEG Hybrid System Configuration for an Improved Energy Output: A Review". International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, nr 2 (25.01.2021): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33917.
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The development of renewable energy, especially solar, is essential for meeting future energy demands. The use of a wide range of the solar spectrum through the solar cells will increase electricity generation and thereby improve energy supply. However, solar photovoltaics (PV) can only convert a portion of the spectrum into electricity. Excess solar radiation is wasted by heat, which decreases solar PV cells’ efficiency and decreases their life span. Interestingly, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are bidirectional devices that act as heat engines, converting the excess heat into electrical energy through thermoelectric effects through when integrated with a PV. These generators also enhance device efficiency and reduce the amount of heat that solar cells dissipate. Several experiments have been carried out to improve the hybrid PV-TEG system efficiency, and some are still underway. In the present study, the photovoltaic and thermoelectric theories are reviewed. Furthermore, different hybrid system integration methods and experimental and numerical investigations in improving the efficiency of PV-TEG hybrid systems are also discussed. This paper also assesses the effect of critical parameters of PV-TEG performance and highlights possible future research topics to enhancing the literature on photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator systems.
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Nassourou, Mohamadou, Joaquim Blesa i Vicenç Puig. "Optimal energy dispatch in a smart micro-grid system using economic model predictive control". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, nr 1 (18.07.2018): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818786376.
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The problem of energy dispatch in heterogeneous complex systems such as smart grids cannot be efficiently addressed using classical control or ad hoc methods. This article discusses the application of economic model predictive control to the management of a smart micro-grid system connected to an electrical power grid. The considered system is composed of several subsystems, namely, some photovoltaic panels, a wind generator, a hydroelectric generator, a diesel generator, and some storage devices (batteries). The batteries are charged with the energy from the photovoltaic panels, wind and hydroelectric generators, and they are discharged whenever the generators produce less energy than needed. The subsystems are interconnected via a DC Bus, from which load demands are satisfied. Modeling smart grids components is based on the generalized flow-based networked systems paradigm, and assuming energy generators to be stable, load demands and energy prices are known. This study shows that economic model predictive control is economically superior to a two-layer hierarchical model predictive control.
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Bordeașu, Dorin, Octavian Proștean, Ioan Filip, Florin Drăgan i Cristian Vașar. "Modelling, Simulation and Controlling of a Multi-Pump System with Water Storage Powered by a Fluctuating and Intermittent Power Source". Mathematics 10, nr 21 (29.10.2022): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10214019.
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In recent years, many pumping systems have begun to be powered by renewable energy generators, including mostly photovoltaic generators and, less frequently, electrical wind generators. Because of the technology’s complexity and novelty (it has not yet reached its maturation), most of those systems consist of single pumps powered by photovoltaic generators or electrical wind generators. For this reason, the current paper proposes a strategy for driving a multi-pump system with water storage powered by a fluctuating and intermittent power source, such as power grids, which are limited by price variation over different periods during the day, or photovoltaic generators and/or electrical wind generators. The current work begins by proposing a model of a multi-pump system with water storage, followed by the design of a control strategy for operating such a system powered by a fluctuating and intermittent power source in an energy-efficient manner, without sacrificing the reliability, robustness and lifetime of the plant. Finally, an analysis of two concrete situations encountered in practice is made: in one, the considered multi-pump system is powered only by a power grid limited by price variation over three periods; in the other, it is powered by a photovoltaic generator.
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Niu, Yitong, Ahmed Mohammed Merza, Suhad Ibraheem Kadhem, Jamal Fadhil Tawfeq, Poh Soon JosephNg i Hassan Muwafaq Gheni. "Evaluation of wind-solar hybrid power generation system based on Monte Carlo method". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, nr 4 (1.08.2023): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4401-4411.
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<span lang="EN-US">The application of wind-photovoltaic complementary power generation systems is becoming more and more widespread, but its intermittent and fluctuating characteristics may have a certain impact on the system's reliability. To better evaluate the reliability of stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators, a reliability assessment model for stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators was developed based on the analysis of the impact of wind and photovoltaic generator outages and derating on reliability. A sequential Monte Carlo method was used to evaluate the impact of the wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) turbine, wind/photovoltaic complementary system, the randomness of wind turbine/photovoltaic outage status and penetration rate on the reliability of Independent photovoltaic power generation system (IPPS) under the reliability test system (RBTS). The results show that this reliability assessment method can provide some reference for planning the actual IPP system with wind and complementary solar systems.</span>
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Ismail, Benlaria, Belhadj Mohammed, Othmane Abdelkhalek i Sabouni Elhadj. "An experimental study of PV/T system using parabolic reflectors and heat exchanger". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, nr 3 (1.12.2021): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1297-1306.
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<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be made more efficient by forcing the PV panel to operate at its maximum point power due to the electrical properties of photovoltaic generators, which are substantially non-linear (MPP). This study examines the effectiveness of using a combination of parabolic concentrator Bi-reflector and heat exchanger as a cooling system on the performance of photovoltaic generators to get a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system, and their effect on the direct current (DCDC) converter using matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink. The experimental tests were carried out under various temperature values and sun irradiation. The results demonstrated that the use of parabolic Bi-reflectors, to further illumine te the panels, and the use of the cooling system to absorb excess heat to get heat water, could increase and enhances performances of the photovoltaic generator.</p>
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Leonov, Vladimir. "Theoretical Performance Characteristics of Wearable Thermoelectric Generators". Advances in Science and Technology 74 (październik 2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.9.
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The theory of thermal matching of a thermoelectric generator with the environment has been applied in this work to a wearable thermoelectric generator. This enabled evaluation of its top performance characteristics in typical environmental conditions. To correctly perform the modeling, the relevant properties of the human body as a heat generator for a small-size thermoelectric generator have been studied and presented in the paper as well. The results have been practically validated in different wearable thermoelectric generators. In particular, a power over 1 mW per square centimeter of the skin has been practically demonstrated on a walking person at ambient temperature of –2 °C. The comparison with wearable photovoltaic cells shows that in typical situations thermoelectric generators provide at least ten times more power.
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Alhusein, Nasr Ismael. "Asynchronous Wind Turbine Generator: Output Power Evaluation". Brilliance: Research of Artificial Intelligence 1, nr 2 (11.06.2022): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v1i2.1565.
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In addition to photovoltaic (PV) power plants, wind turbine generators represent the most ubiquitous renewable energy use today. The stochastic and intermittent character of wind as a key source of electricity is one of the fundamental challenges associated with wind turbines WT. This paper describes an induction generator used in wind turbines. The implemented Turbine utilizes a straightforward output power against wind speed relationship to convert wind speed to turbine output power. When the wind speed is below or above the cut-in speed, the turbine produces no real power. Constantly, the machine consumes reactive power. This implemented block compensates for the machine's reactive power demand. Local load consumption is 75 kW. The electricity grid makes up for any shortage in wind turbine generation. When the generator's output exceeds 75 kW, the excess energy is exported to the grid.
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Ordoumpozanis, Konstantinos, Theodoros Theodosiou, Dimitrios Bouris i Katerina Tsikaloudaki. "Energy and thermal modeling of building façade integrated photovoltaics". Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170905025o.
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Electricity generation on site is a design challenge aiming at supporting the concept of energy-autonomous building. Many projects worldwide have promoted the installation of photovoltaic panels on urban buildings, aiming at utilizing a large area to produce electricity. In most cases, photovoltaics are considered strictly as electricity generators, neglecting their effect to the efficiency and to the thermal behaviour of the building envelope. The integrated performance of photovoltaic ventilated fa?ades, where the photovoltaics are regarded as part of a complicated envelope system, provides design challenges and problems that cannot be overlooked within the framework of the Nearly Zero Energy Building concept. In this study, a finite volume model for photovoltaic ventilated fa?ades is developed, experimentally validated and found to have a significant convergence to measured data.
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Farghally, Hanaa M., Ninet M. Ahmed, Faten H. Fahmy, Emad A. Sweelem i Amal A. Hassan. "Optimal Design of Hybrid PV-Diesel - Battery System for a Small Cement Brick Factory: A Case Study for Bahteem, Egypt". International Journal of Energy 15 (16.03.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91010.2021.15.1.
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This paper study the optimization & finical test of a hybrid power system holds Photovoltaic (PV) array, Diesel generator and Battery for a small cement bricks factory located in Bahtem, Egypt covering a load demand of 24.5kWh/day with a 4.92 kW peak. In this factory, light weight binder bricks are manufactured from the recycling of chopped grind straw which can be utilized as fillers in bone type buildings. HOMER software is utilized to run the frugal feasibility of hybrid PV-Diesel-Battery system. The study proved that the impact of PV penetration and battery storage on power production, expense of power, number of operational hours of diesel generators for a given hybrid configuration. PV panels and diesel generator produce 10,654 and 2,701 kWh/year, respectively and 2,783 kWh/year of power is stocked in the batteries. The renewable power part was 70%. The system was optimally sized with a PV of 7 kW, a diesel generator of 5.5 kW, a converter of 4.9 kW and 8 units of battery The obtained results showed that PV-Diesel-Battery system generates a great reduction in both the operating expenses the amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases emissions.
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Liu, Zhong Jing, Ting Ting Fu, Xu Dong Yu, Jun Zhou Ma, Xue Feng Dong, Shu Yan Fang i Shuang Wen Wang. "Analysis of Power Planning Model Based on Minimizing the Initial Investment Cost". Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (listopad 2013): 3237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.3237.
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This paper establishes a power planning model based on minimization of the initial investment cost. The model includes the initial investment cost of wind turbines, photovoltaic cells, batteries, and biomass generators, diesel generators, power electronic devices and communications facilities in the objective function. In consideration of some constraint conditions, using the principle of priority of biomass generators, we use the particle swarm algorithm to solve the model. Through the calculation of actual examples, we simulate to find optimal solutions. Finally, we conclude that it should be possible to use biomass power generation and diesel generator power.
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Pastuszak, Justyna, i Paweł Węgierek. "Photovoltaic Cell Generations and Current Research Directions for Their Development". Materials 15, nr 16 (12.08.2022): 5542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15165542.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different generations of photovoltaic cells and current research directions focusing on their development and manufacturing technologies. The introduction describes the importance of photovoltaics in the context of environmental protection, as well as the elimination of fossil sources. It then focuses on presenting the known generations of photovoltaic cells to date, mainly in terms of the achievable solar-to-electric conversion efficiencies, as well as the technology for their manufacture. In particular, the third generation of photovoltaic cells and recent trends in its field, including multi-junction cells and cells with intermediate energy levels in the forbidden band of silicon, are discussed. We also present the latest developments in photovoltaic cell manufacturing technology, using the fourth-generation graphene-based photovoltaic cells as an example. An extensive review of the world literature led us to the conclusion that, despite the appearance of newer types of photovoltaic cells, silicon cells still have the largest market share, and research into ways to improve their efficiency is still relevant.
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Khimenko, Aleksei, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Stanislav Trunov i Victoria Ukhanova. "Power supply installation for remote rural settlements with solar thermoelectric generator". E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 06035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339006035.
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An analysis of scientific studies has been carried out, which presents thermoelectric technologies based on solar energy that can satisfy not only the need for electricity generation, but also contribute to energy saving and environmental protection. The results of theoretical and experimental studies on the development of power supply systems based on thermoelectric generators in combination with photovoltaic panels, solar concentrators and heat pipes are also presented, allowing us to conclude that the creation of solar thermoelectric generators is relevant. The authors have developed a design and presented a description of the power supply installation operation with a solar thermoelectric generator and heat pipes transmitting thermal energy from a solar concentrator through a solid-state thermal storage to a thermoelectric generator. Expressions are given for calculating the main thermal characteristics of the elements of the proposed installation with a solar thermoelectric generator (solar concentrator and solid-state thermal storage), as well as the efficiency factor and output electric power of the thermoelectric generator.
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Sakhrieh, Ahmad, Jamil Al Asfar i Nour Abu Shuaib. "An optimized off-grid hybrid system for power generation in rural areas". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 13, nr 2 (1.06.2022): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i2.pp865-872.
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Stand-alone hybrid power generation system for a cow farm in Jordan is economically and technically optimized to meet the daily electrical load of the farm. A combination of photovoltaics, biogas generators, diesel generators, wind turbines, and batteries are used to determine the best scenario for the farm's power generation. In accordance with the price and technical data of the components, the systems were first studied technically and economically, and then simulated using hybrid optimization model for multiple energy resources (HOMER) software to identify the best configuration. Several options were analyzed to determine the best configuration. The optimized hybrid system includes photovoltaics, a biogas generator, batteries, and a diesel generator. The optimum configuration had a levelized cost of energy of $0.06 per kWh and a net present cost of $2,100,000. The renewable fraction of the total system electrical yearly production was 94%. Furthermore, the results showed that the optimized hybrid system could reduce the emitted gasses by about 92%.
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Smida, Mouna Ben, i Anis Sakly. "Fuzzy logic control of a hybrid renewable energy system: A comparative study". Wind Engineering 45, nr 4 (9.07.2021): 793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x211028783.
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In this paper the authors have developed a hybrid renewable energy system. The studied structure comprises a wind energy generator, a shaded photovoltaic generator associated to an inertial storage system. The modeling of the global structure is developed and the control strategy is discussed. Conventional methods have been used to control the renewable sources. However, they may not have a suitable performance if the controlled system contains nonlinearity, as the wind turbine system or the shaded photovoltaic generator. In the presence of modeling uncertainties, the necessity of methods presenting controllers with appropriate performance as the advanced control strategies is inevitable. Fuzzy logic is used to control both the wind generator’s pitch angle and the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a shaded photovoltaic generator. The control of the storage flywheel, associated with the studied structure, to regulate the power supplied by renewable sources is also discussed. The design of the proposed strategy and its comparison with conventional controllers are carried out. The proposed method effectiveness is verified by MATLAB simulation results.
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Labidi, Z. R., H. Schulte i A. Mami. "A Model-Based Approach of DC-DC Converters Dedicated to Controller Design Applications for Photovoltaic Generators". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, nr 4 (10.08.2019): 4371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2829.
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In this paper, a model-based approach of DC-DC converters dedicated to controller design applications for photovoltaic generators is introduced. The paper provides a mathematic averaging model, based on the state space method for DC-DC converters that is used as an adaptation level in photovoltaic generators. This modeling allows the dynamics of the system to be described by presenting a reliable model to be used for oriented controller design. The two most needed topologies of DC-DC converters are proposed, buck and buck-boost, and an overview of integral state feedback controller design using a model-based approach for a boost converter connected to a photovoltaic generator described in our previous published work is provided. The model-based conception of both converter types is analyzed for optimal use in control-oriented design. The validation of each model is demonstrated by comparative curves represented by a detailed plant model using simscape devices available and implemented in Simulink/Matlab.
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Wnuk, Sławomir, George Loumakis i Roberto Ramirez-Iniguez. "Use of a 2-layer thermoelectric generator structure for photovoltaics cells cooling and energy recovery". E3S Web of Conferences 239 (2021): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123900003.
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A 2-layer thermoelectric generator was tested as a solution to increase the output of a PV cell. A number of practical experiments were carried out on both single and two combined thermoelectric generator (TEG) configurations connected in series with photovoltaic (PV) cells and connected to a load independently from each other. Testing was performed using a class AAA solar simulator system Sol3A and under real outdoor weather conditions. The results show a reduction of the maximum cell temperature by 10.3 ° on average and at the same time an increase in the tested photovoltaics-thermo-generators (PV-TEGs) voltage output of the proposed hybrid systems by 28.56-30.54% compared to the plain PV cell. It was experimentally confirmed that the TEGs-PV structure performs better than the bare PV cell during decline of insolation utilising, in addition to the limited at this time solar energy, the heat accumulated by the multilayer structure components. Experiments showed that for the selected period of time (1600s) the energy output increased by 27.6% compared to a plain PV cell. For a constant level of artifical light (1000W/m2) the PV-TEG’s hybrid system showed an increase of energy yield of 3.1% compared to a plain PV system.
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Jufri, Fauzan Hanif, Dwi Riana Aryani, Iwa Garniwa i Budi Sudiarto. "Optimal Battery Energy Storage Dispatch Strategy for Small-Scale Isolated Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Different Load Profile Patterns". Energies 14, nr 11 (27.05.2021): 3139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113139.
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Most inhabited islands in Indonesia are powered by expensively known diesel generators and isolated from the primary grid due to either geographical or economic reasons. Meanwhile, the diesel generator can be combined with a photovoltaic (PV) system and Battery Energy Storage (BES) system to form a hybrid power generation system to reduce the energy cost and increase renewable energy penetration. For this, proper sizing of each power generation component is required, one of which is influenced by the applied control strategy. This paper proposes an optimal BES dispatch (OBD) control strategy that optimizes the power generation components’ sizing. The method examines the shortcomings of the other popular control strategies, such as load following, cycle charging, or combination. The optimization objectives are to minimize the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and maximize the renewable energy (RE) penetration, which can be achieved by prioritizing the BES to supply the load over other available generations and charge the BES every time the generator operates. The proposed method is implemented at two different systems with different load profiles. As a result, the proposed control strategy provides lower LCOE while maintaining higher RE penetration than the other control strategies in both locations.
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Ziuku, Sosten, i Edson L. Meyer. "Electrical performance results of an energy efficient building with an integrated photovoltaic system". Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 21, nr 3 (1.08.2010): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2010/v21i3a3254.
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A 3.8 kW rooftop photovoltaic generator has been installed on an energy efficient house built at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus, South Africa. The system, located on the north facing roof, started generating electrical power in February 2009. In addition to providing electrical energy, the photovoltaic panels also act as the building roofing material. An instrumentation and data acquisition system was installed to record the indoor and outdoor ambient temperature, indoor and outdoor relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar irradiance, electrical energy produced by the solar panels and the household energy consumption. This paper presents the initial results of the electrical performance of the building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) generator and energy consumption patterns in the energy efficient house.
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Al-Ajmi, Mohammad Shafi, Faizal Mustapha, Mohd Khairol Anuar b. Mohd Ariffin, Nurul Amziah Md Yunus i Izhal Abdul Halin. "A True Hybrid Solar Wind Turbine Electric Generator System for Smaller Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Plants". MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501015.
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Contemporary Hybrid Solar-Wind farms are implemented using separate solar Photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays and wind turbines, where electricity generated from both devices are combined. However, this solution requires a large amount of space to cater for the PV arrays and wind turbines of the system. This paper proposes a new type of renewable energy electric generator with a small power production footprint (PPF) that allows reduction in land usage. The technology introduced in this True Hybrid Wind-Solar (THWS) generator allows for the solar panels to rotate along with a VAWT wind turbine it is attached to through a specially designed electromechanical coupling mechanism. The working principal behind the connections described in this paper. The design of a hybrid circuit module that serves to combine current generated via the solar cells and wind generator and also automatically disconnects inactive wind or solar generators is also described. This is important in order to eliminate unwanted loads generated from the inactive generators from within the THWS itself.
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Deng, Jun, Nan Xia, Jungang Yin, Jiliang Jin, Shutao Peng i Tong Wang. "Small-Signal Modeling and Parameter Optimization Design for Photovoltaic Virtual Synchronous Generator". Energies 13, nr 2 (13.01.2020): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020398.
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With the continuous proliferation of renewable energy generation, distributed photovoltaic inverters operating at a maximum power point reduce the inertia of power systems, degrading system frequency stability and potentially causing severe oscillations in systems after being disturbed. The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control method, which causes photovoltaic inverters to possess inertia and damping, now plays an important role in the field of distributed generation. However, while introducing the advantages of synchronous machines, problems with oscillations are also introduced and the stochastic fluctuation characteristic of photovoltaics results in the stochastic drifting of the operating point. This paper presents an adaptive controller parameter design method for a photovoltaic-VSG (PV-VSG) integrated power system. Firstly, a small-signal model of the PV-VSG is built and a state space model is deduced. Then, the small-signal stability and low frequency oscillation characteristics of the photovoltaic power generation system are analyzed. Finally, considering the limitations of system oscillations and the stochastic drifting of the operating point, a global optimization design method for controller parameters used to improve system stability is proposed. The time domain simulation shows that an optimized PV-VSG could provide sufficient damping in the case of photovoltaic power output changes across a wider range.
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Gracia, Lorién, Pedro Casero, Cyril Bourasseau i Alexandre Chabert. "Use of Hydrogen in Off-Grid Locations, a Techno-Economic Assessment". Energies 11, nr 11 (13.11.2018): 3141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113141.
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Diesel generators are currently used as an off-grid solution for backup power, but this causes CO2 and GHG emissions, noise emissions, and the negative effects of the volatile diesel market influencing operating costs. Green hydrogen production, by means of water electrolysis, has been proposed as a feasible solution to fill the gaps between demand and production, the main handicaps of using exclusively renewable energy in isolated applications. This manuscript presents a business case of an off-grid hydrogen production by electrolysis applied to the electrification of isolated sites. This study is part of the European Ely4off project (n° 700359). Under certain techno-economic hypothesis, four different system configurations supplied exclusively by photovoltaic are compared to find the optimal Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCoE): photovoltaic-batteries, photovoltaic-hydrogen-batteries, photovoltaic-diesel generator, and diesel generator; the influence of the location and the impact of different consumptions profiles is explored. Several simulations developed through specific modeling software are carried out and discussed. The main finding is that diesel-based systems still allow lower costs than any other solution, although hydrogen-based solutions can compete with other technologies under certain conditions.
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Makhlouf, Messaoud, Feyrouz Messai i Hocine Benalla. "Vectorial Command of Induction Motor Pumping System Supplied by a Photovoltaic Generator". Journal of Electrical Engineering 62, nr 1 (1.01.2011): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10187-011-0001-7.
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Vectorial Command of Induction Motor Pumping System Supplied by a Photovoltaic GeneratorWith the continuous decrease of the cost of solar cells, there is an increasing interest and needs in photovoltaic (PV) system applications following standard of living improvements. Water pumping system powered by solar-cell generators are one of the most important applications. The fluctuation of solar energy on one hand, and the necessity to optimise available solar energy on the other, it is useful to develop new efficient and flexible modes to control motors that entrain the pump. A vectorial control of an asynchronous motor fed by a photovoltaic system is proposed. This paper investigates a photovoltaic-electro mechanic chain, composed of a PV generator, DC-AC converter, a vector controlled induction motor and centrifugal pump. The PV generator is forced to operate at its maximum power point by using an appropriate search algorithm integrated in the vector control. The optimization is realized without need to adding a DC-DC converter to the chain. The motor supply is also ensured in all insolation conditions. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of such an approach.
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Ren, Guoping, Qichang Hu, Jie Ye, Andong Hu, Jian Lü i Shungui Zhou. "All-Biobased Hydrovoltaic-Photovoltaic Electricity Generators for All-Weather Energy Harvesting". Research 2022 (22.08.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9873203.
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Hygroelectricity generators (HEGs) utilize the latent heat stored in environmental moisture for electricity generation, but nevertheless are showing relatively low power densities due to their weak energy harvesting capacities. Inspired by epiphytes that absorb ambient moisture and concurrently capture sunlight for dynamic photosynthesis, we propose herein a scenario of all-biobased hydrovoltaic-photovoltaic electricity generators (HPEGs) that integrate photosystem II (PSII) with Geobacter sulfurreducens (G.s) for simultaneous energy harvesting from both moisture and sunlight. This proof of concept illustrates that the all-biobased HPEG generates steady hygroelectricity induced by moisture absorption and meanwhile creates a photovoltaic electric field which further strengthens electricity generation under sunlight. Under environmental conditions, the synergic hydrovoltaic-photovoltaic effect in HPEGs has resulted in a continuous output power with a high density of 1.24 W/m2, surpassing all HEGs reported hitherto. This work thus provides a feasible strategy for boosting electricity generation via simultaneous energy harvesting from ambient moisture and sunlight.
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Cabrera-Tobar, Ana, Eduard Bullich-Massagué, Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba i Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt. "Active and Reactive Power Control of a PV Generator for Grid Code Compliance". Energies 12, nr 20 (12.10.2019): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203872.
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As new grid codes have been created to permit the integration of large scale photovoltaic power plants into the transmission system, the enhancement of the local control of the photovoltaic (PV) generators is necessary. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a local controller of active and reactive power to comply the new requirements asked by the transmission system operators despite the variation of ambient conditions without using extra devices. For this purpose, the control considers the instantaneous capability curves of the PV generator which vary due to the change of solar irradiance, temperature, dc voltage and modulation index. To validate the control, the PV generator is modeled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory ® and tested under different ambient conditions. The results show that the control developed can modify the active and reactive power delivered to the desired value at different solar irradiance and temperature.
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Eko, Juliana O., i Manosh C. Paul. "Integrated Sustainable Energy for Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Machinga Boma in Malawi". Energies 14, nr 19 (4.10.2021): 6330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196330.
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Nearly 60% of the population of sub-Saharan Africa still live without access to electricity. Comparing the access rate of the countries in the region, Malawi ranks as one of the least electrified, with electricity available to only 14.6% of its population, as of 2018. This issue makes Malawi the case study of this research and poses the research question, “How can the low electricity access rate in Malawi be addressed?”. To address this research question, possible off grid, integrated, sustainable energy systems based on locally available energy resources—solar, wind, and diesel—are proposed. The multiyear and sensitivity analysis function of HOMER Pro microgrid simulation software is used to analyze the off grid performance of the proposed combinations of diesel generators, wind turbines, solar Photovoltaics, and battery storage, in providing power for an estimate of 400 households and nonresidential outlets in Machinga Boma, a community in the Southern region of Malawi. Based on the analysis, the Solar Photovoltaic/Diesel Genset/battery system combination consisting of 750 kWp solar Photovoltaic array, 460 kW (575 kVA) diesel generator and 3000 kWh nominal capacity battery bank is shown to be the most optimal system, with an overall energy cost of $0.339/kWh. Under the imposed design constraints and the sensitivity analysis performed to analyze the impact of changing the base fuel price, varying load growth, changing solar irradiation, and wind levels on the system performance, the most optimal system remained the preferred system choice.
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Hidalgo-Leon, Ruben, Fernando Amoroso, Javier Urquizo, Viviana Villavicencio, Miguel Torres, Pritpal Singh i Guillermo Soriano. "Feasibility Study for Off-Grid Hybrid Power Systems Considering an Energy Efficiency Initiative for an Island in Ecuador". Energies 15, nr 5 (28.02.2022): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051776.
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This paper shows the technical–economic, operational and environmental feasibility of four off-grid hybrid power systems to supply energy to the Cerrito de los Morreños community in Ecuador. These configurations consist of combinations of diesel generators, solar photovoltaic systems, and battery energy storage systems. Each configuration was simulated and the results were analyzed for two different load conditions: (1) the existing load profile and (2) a reduced load profile by incorporating an energy efficiency initiative. Homer Pro software was used to perform the simulations. The planning horizon for the simulations was selected to be 15 years. The results showed the diesel/photovoltaic/battery configuration with energy efficiency showed the best performance, which was achieved with a photovoltaic system of 160 kWp, the existing generator of 165 kW and a storage system of 283 kWh. The stand-alone diesel generator and photovoltaic/diesel configurations showed higher Net Present Costs, instability problems and higher CO2 emissions. Additionally, the configurations without energy efficiency had increases of between 15% and 40% higher costs compared to their respective energy-efficient scenarios. The information in this work could be useful for some organizations in Ecuador who are interested in investing in rural electrification projects with renewable energy to reduce and/or compensate their CO2 emissions.
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Adebisi, John, Prisca Ibili, Michael Emezirinwune i Khadeejah Abdulsalam. "Comparative Study of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic - Diesel Power Supply System". African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies 5, nr 1 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v5i1.1217.
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In an environment with unstable power supply, incessant load shedding and inconsistent energy availability remains a major challenge. Hence, there is a need for an urgent alternative source of energy to mitigate this challenge. Over the years, fossil fuel-based energy sources have been considered as an effective solution, however the greenhouse gases emissions from these sources contribute largely to the rise in the depletion of the ozone layer which eventually leads to pollution and global warming. This work contributes to efforts in curbing this menace by reducing the use of diesel generators and focus more on a hybrid renewable energy system. This study, used selected residential buildings as a case study. A photovoltaic system and a diesel generator were incorporated as hybrid energy system, and the data gathered was processed using the HOMER software. The output of the simulation provided two optimal systems (PV-Diesel Generator, Battery coupled with the complete Hybrid system) and (PV- Diesel generator). The optimal and cost-effective system from the analysis is the PV-diesel hybrid system. This consists of a 10kW solar PV, 45kW Diesel generator, a 10kW converter and six 6FM200D batteries. This study provides a synergy of individual subsystems as analyzed in the result to enhanced the reliability of the system.
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Rukmini, Rukmini, Sukirno Sukirno, Sahabuddin Sunusi i Paris J.Senda. "Analysis of Photovoltaic as Supporting Electric Power Supply on 02 Sultan Hasanuddin Training Vessel". PROSIDING POLITEKNIK ILMU PELAYARAN MAKASSAR 1, nr 4 (3.03.2021): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.48192/prc.v1i4.325.
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This study aims to analyze the amount of electric power and the profit achieved under the installation of the Photovoltaic array. Solar panel tested was laid on the surface of the Training Ship 02 Sultan Hasanuddin. The technical analysis, namely the calculation of electrical power and economical use of Solar-Powered Electric to support the diesel-powered electric generator as the main source of electrical power. A comparison of power was made by measuring the electric current and voltage variable as well as the financial calculation between the diesel-powered and solar-powered electric generator. The financial calculation was analyzed by using NPV, IRR and PI methods. The results showed that since the power capacity of the Solar Panels was almost similar to the capacity of the Diesel Generator with the output power assumed to be similar, the Solar Panel that supports the Diesel Generator was more profitable than the use of Diesel Generators without supporting solar cells.
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Scotta, Isabella Cristina, Wellington Maidana Silva i Américo Vicente Leite. "Overvoltage protection for grid-connected picohydro generation using photovoltaic inverters". Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, nr 99 (29.05.2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20200581.
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Very small-scale hydropower plants are environmentally friendly and renewable resource-based innovative solutions. The interest in pico-hydro systems (up to 5 kW) has increased significantly from the first stand-alone applications, at remote sites, to the distributed generation, with the injection of generated energy into the grid. Recently, there have been advances in the grid connection of these systems using off-the-shelf components, namely photovoltaic inverters. Therefore, pico-hydro systems have gained an enormous potential in distributed generation, particularly in the context of microgrids. However, in situations of over-power, or whenever the generator is under no load, e.g. when the grid fails, there is a need for effective over-voltage protection, as in small wind turbines. This paper proposes two over-voltage protection circuits, designed to ensure the integration of pico-hydro turbines connected to the grid using conventional photovoltaic microinverters and string inverters, for power ranges of 300 W and some kW, respectively. Extensive tests were performed on an emulation platform and a workbench using these two different over-voltage protection circuits. One is designed to connect the generators of water wheels to the grid and the other to connect 1,500 W generators of water turbines. The experimental results demonstrated the performance of theproposed over-voltage protection circuits in four different situations. Both avoid irreversible damages of generators, photovoltaic microinverters and string inverters in the context of the above-described grid connection approach.
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Dwi Atmaja, Tinton, Ant Ardath Kristi, Agus Risdiyanto, Bambang Susanto, Dian Andriani, Makoto Fujita i Atsushi Hirono. "Fuel Saving on Diesel Genset using PV/Battery Spike Cutting in Remote Area Microgrid". MATEC Web of Conferences 164 (2018): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816401045.
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Diesel Generator set was found to be a favorite power generator in a remote area. In this area, diesel genset usually consumes a significant amount of diesel fuel with higher fuel price than an urban area. Diesel Generator capacity conventionally prepared twice bigger or more than the existing load to prevent any load spike from designated equipment. This work implements an Energy Management System to cut the spike with the support from battery storage unit and photovoltaic module. Once the Energy Management System cut the load spike using battery/photovoltaics, Diesel Generator loads no longer need to be irrelevantly bigger than the existing load. The current experiment in the remote island at Raja Ampat archipelago indicates that the using of 80 kVA Diesel Generator can be reduced to 42 kVA Diesel Generator. This Diesel Generator replacement induces fuel consumption up to 50 %. With this designed work, a smart microgrid with PV-Battery-Diesel can be installed in a designated remote area with lower fuel consumption.
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Boitier, V., i Y. Cressault. "Characterization of photovoltaic generators". European Journal of Physics 32, nr 3 (9.03.2011): 657–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/32/3/003.
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Durisch, Wilhelm, Dierk Tille, A. Wörz i Waltraud Plapp. "Characterisation of photovoltaic generators". Applied Energy 65, nr 1-4 (kwiecień 2000): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-2619(99)00115-4.
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Jarmouni, Eziitouni, Ahmed Mouhsen, Mohammed Lamhammedi i Hicham Ouldzira. "Integration of artificial neural networks for multi-source energy management in a smart grid". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1919-1927.
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<span lang="EN-US">Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.</span>
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Huang, Ke, Xin Wang, Yi Hui Zheng, Li Xue Li i Yan Ling Liu. "Reliability Analysis of Distribution Network with Integrated Photovoltaic Power Generation". Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (październik 2014): 956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.956.
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To analyze the influence of distribution network with grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation on the power supply reliability, in this paper it firstly regards interconnected PV generation as an equivalent generator with rated capacity as well as the island operation mode of PV to set up a model for reliability calculation and analysis. Based on the network equivalent method, the structure of distribution system with PV is simplified and then the reliability indexes of distribution system are worked out based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). At last, a comparative calculation between the distribution network with incorporated PV generations and that without PV generations is made. After analyzing a real example, the results suggest that integrating PV power generations reasonably into the distribution network can enhance the reliability of whole distribution system.
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Utomo, Bagus Radiant, Amin Sulistyanto, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi i Agung Tri Wijayanta. "Enhanced Performance of Combined Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generator and Heat Sink Panels with a Dual-Axis Tracking System". Energies 16, nr 6 (12.03.2023): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062658.
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The photovoltaic panel has become the most promising alternative technology for energy demand. Solar trackers have been used to improve the efficiency of a photovoltaic panel to maximize the sun’s exposure. In high temperatures, however, the photovoltaic efficiency is significantly reduced. This study observes photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator performance driven by a dual-axis solar tracking system. A photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator panel was built and equipped with angle and radiation sensors. A microcontroller processes the sensor signal and drives the motor to follow the sun’s movement in two-axis directions. Thermocouples are mounted on the photovoltaic and thermoelectric generator surfaces to monitor the temperature. The result shows that the temperature of the photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator is lower than that of the photovoltaic one. However, a contradiction occurred in the output power. The efficiency of the combined photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator was 13.99%, which is higher than the photovoltaic panel at 10.64% and the thermoelectric generator at 0.2%. The lower temperature in the photovoltaic/thermoelectric generator is responsible for increasing its performance. Although the thermoelectric generator contributes modest efficiency, its role in reducing the temperature is essential. Analyses of some cooling techniques for photovoltaic panels prove that the combined thermoelectric generator and heat sink improves photovoltaic performance with simplified technology.
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Ubaidah. "Analisa Dampak Masuknya Photovoltaic (PV) Dalam Skala Besar Terhadap Performa Sistem Tenaga Listrik". Electrician 16, nr 1 (24.01.2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v16n1.2277.
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Abstract — Photovoltaic (PV) is a renewable energy generator that produces electrical energy at a certaintime or also called intermittent.. A large number of PV penetrations into the system significantly affects theability of conventional generators to catch up with power due to decreased PV output power or when PVoutput power is not available. This is due to the different characteristics of the lean rate of each type ofgenerator. To overcome the power imbalance in the electric power system with various compositions, it isnecessary to limit the number of PV that is allowed to be installed in the electrical power interconnectionsystem.In this study, the generator and load data were used collectively from the Indonesian National GreatCompany. The power plants used are hydropower plant, steam power plant, geothermal power plant, dieselpower plant, gas engine power plant, and gas power plant. Based on the simulation results, the number of PVthat is allowed to be installed is a maximum of 30% of the total generation in a certain generationconfiguration. If the amount of PV exceeds the maximum limit, there will be a power imbalance between thegenerator and the load. If the generator configuration has a large generator capacity and has a high lean rate,PV plants can be connected to the electrical power interconnection of more than 30% of the total generation. Keywords— Duck curve, photovoltaic, ramping rate, power imbalance.
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Nugraha, I. Made Aditya, I. Gusti Made Ngurah Desnanjaya, Jhon Septin Mourisdo Siregar i Lebrina Ivantry Boikh. "Technical-economic prospect for photovoltaic on fixed lift net in Indonesia". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, nr 3 (1.09.2023): 1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1802-1808.
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The limited fossil energy and uncertain prices have an indirect effect on fishing activities using a fixed lift net. Therefore, energy diversification is carried out by utilizing solar energy with photovoltaics on the fixed lift net. This energy is very abundant and available throughout the year, except during the rainy season. This study uses observation, interviews, and questionnaires given to fishermen and tries to compare the utilization of photovoltaic (PV) systems with generators using different types of lamps, such as LED, CFL, incandescent lamps, and halogen lamps. The use of PV systems in fixed lift nets from a technical and economic perspective allows it to be utilized in the long term. Based on the technical aspects, the PV system can produce 471.59 Wh per day. This technical result will be more profitable if the lamp used is a light emitting diode (LED) lamp. Meanwhile, from economic aspect, the use of electrical energy from a PV system is more profitable because it provides a lower operational value than a generator, and provides good net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) values. This utilization is also supported by the good response from fishermen towards the energy produced and the ease of operation and maintenance of the PV system.
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Abdulmula, Ahmed, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Norasikin Ahmad Ludin, Lim Chin Haw, Abdelnaser Elbreki, Fayez Aldawi i Hazim Moria. "Micropower system optimization for the telecommunication towers based on various renewable energy sources". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, nr 2 (1.04.2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1069-1076.
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This study investigates the technical and cost-effective performance of options renewable energy sources to develop a green off-grid telecommunication tower to replace diesel generators in Malaysia. For this purpose, the solar, wind, pico-hydro energy, along with diesel generators, were examined to compare. In addition, the modeling of hybrid powering systems was conducted using hybrid optimization model for energy (HOMER) simulation based on techno-economic analysis to determine the optimal economically feasible system. The optimization findings showed that the hybrid high-efficiency fixed photovoltaic (PV) system with battery followed by 2 kW pico-hydropower and battery are the optimal configurations for powering off-grid telecommunication towers in Malaysia with the lowest net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). These costs of NPC and COE are more down than diesel generator costs with battery by 17.45%, 16.45%, 15.9%, and 15.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the economic evaluation of the high-efficiency solar fixed PV panels system annual cash flow compared to the diesel generator with the battery system indicated a ten-year payback period.
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Denysiuk, S. P., H. S. Bielokha i D. G. Derevianko. "OPTIMIZATION OF CONSUMPTION OF PRIMARY FUEL IN LOCAL ELECTRICITY MARKETS FOR SYSTEMS USING DIESEL GENERATORS". Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2023, nr 1 (9.01.2023): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2023.01.056.
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Local energy markets represent a separate distribution system with several sources of distributed generation and with its own network-independent operator. The cost of electricity in local systems depends on many criteria. They include the consumption of primary fuel for diesel generators, which depend on their capacity. Equal distribution of power on generators running in parallel leads to an increase in primary fuel consumption. An algorithm for optimizing fuel consumption, which calculates the power distribution of generators connected in parallel, has been developed. These capacities correspond to the minimum value of fuel consumption. The system using three diesel generators and the option of replacing one generator with a solar electric installation was considered. The use of the optimal algorithm allows for reducing the price by an average of 9 to 20% if compared to the uniform distribution. The introduction of a photovoltaic system with a rechargeable battery allowed to increase energy efficiency and reduce the price due to lower running costs of the solar installation. References 10, figures 3, tables 1.
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Et. al., Mhamdi Hicham,. "Mathematic Model Design Of Solar Pumping For Drip Irrigation Systems". Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, nr 4 (11.04.2021): 1001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.590.
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The use of solar energy in isolated sites for different applications, such as water pumping, is of primary interest to people in developing countries who do not have safe access to water drinking. But photovoltaic generators have two major drawbacks that are a low yield and a high blow. In order to increase the performance of these systems. Proper adaptation between the solar generator and the load reduces the cost of installation. The choice of an energy system must obey and comply with certain rules. The selected energy system must show as a preliminary its competitiveness with respect to other systems for the same rendered service. The present study have a propose the modeling, simulation, sizing and realization of a photovoltaic pumping system operating over the sun. This system consists of a set of interacting elements; namely the photovoltaic panels, the voltage inverter, the asynchronous motor, the centrifugal pump and the hydraulic circuit.
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Hashim, Saja Majeed, Osamah Fadhil Abdulateef i Falah Ibrahim Alattar. "Software Design Tool for Sizing PV Stand-Alone System and Hybrid PV-Diesel System with Iraq Climate". Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 22, nr 3 (26.10.2019): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.22030194.
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This paper displays the improvement of Graphical User Interface programming for sizing principle segment in Stand-Alone PV system and PV- Diesel hybrid power system based on Iraq conditions. The solar system software is a tool depends on the input data by the user to give correct results on the basis of what has been introduced. Therefore, this software tool Includes products (PV modules, charge controller, inverter, battery and diesel generator) which can be obtained from the market with their detail. This software presents a guideline for photovoltaic system integrator to match the load requirement to design the effective size of components and system configuration, in hybrid PV–Diesel system. The ratio of photovoltaic solar energy to diesel generators is introduced by considering the contribution of hybrid system energy.
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Durán, E., J. M. Andújar, J. M. Enrique i J. M. Pérez-Oria. "Determination of PV GeneratorI-V/P-VCharacteristic Curves Using a DC-DC Converter Controlled by a Virtual Instrument". International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/843185.
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A versatile measurement system for systematic testing and measurement of the evolution of theI-Vcharacteristic curves of photovoltaic panels or arrays (PV generators) is proposed in this paper. The measurement system uses a circuit solution based on DC-DC converters that involves several advantages relative to traditional methods: simple structure, scalability, fast response, and low cost. The measurement of the desired characteristics of PV generators includes high speed of response and high fidelity. The prototype system built is governed by a microcontroller, and experimental results prove the proposed measurement system useful. A virtual instrument (VI) was developed for full system control from a computer. The developed system enables monitoring the suitable operation of a PV generator in real time, since it allows comparing its actual curves with those provided by the manufacturer.
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Zizoui, Mohamed Zine, Muhammad Fahad Zia, Bekheira Tabbache, Yassine Amirat, Abdeslam Mamoune i Mohamed Benbouzid. "Photovoltaic-Battery-Ultracapacitor-Diesel Hybrid Generation System for Mobile Hospital Energy Supply". Electronics 11, nr 3 (27.01.2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030390.
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This paper deals with the energy management of a hybrid power system, which consists of a photovoltaic (PV) system, diesel generators, battery, and ultracapacitor for a mobile hospital. The proposed power system can supply energy to shelter hospitals for better treatment of patients in remote states, particularly in the event of a pandemic situation such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). For this reason, a hybrid power system in which a diesel generator is used with a photovoltaic energy source for reliable availability of power supply. Moreover, battery and ultracapacitor are also integrated to obtain a hybrid power generation and storage system to ensure the smooth operation of mobile hospitals irrespective of weather conditions. A boost converter is used with PV panels to operate them in either maximum power tracking mode or power curtailment mode. The battery is connected to a bidirectional reversible DC-DC converter for direct-current (DC) bus voltage regulation and state of charge control. The ultracapacitor is associated with the battery to compensate for the peak power. The diesel generator is connected in parallel with the photovoltaic generator, battery, and ultracapacitor to continuously provide the power required by the load. The integrated operation of all generation sources and storage systems is complex for shelter hospitals. Therefore, an efficient energy management algorithm is developed to manage the continuous energy flow between different elements of the hybrid power system and mobile hospital load through the control of the power converters. Finally, validation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed energy management algorithm for the hybrid power system.
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Brahmi, Nabiha, Sana Charfi i Maher Chaabene. "Optimum Sizing Algorithm for an off grid plant considering renewable potentials and load profile". International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6, nr 3 (6.11.2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.3.213-224.
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The energy demand in remote area cannot be satisfied unless renewable energy based plants are locally installed. In order to be efficient, such projects should be sized on the basis of maximizing the renewable energies exploitation and meeting the consumer needs. The aim of this work is to provide an algorithm-based calculation of the optimum sizing of a standalone hybrid plant composed of a wind generator, a photovoltaic panel, a lead acid-battery bank, and a water tank. The strategy consists of evaluating the renewable potentials (solar and wind). Obtained results are entered as inputs to established generators models in order to estimate the renewable generations. The developed optimal sizing algorithm which is based on iterative approach, computes plant components sizes for which load profile meet estimated renewable generations. The approach validation is conducted for A PV/Wind/Battery based farm located in Sfax, Tunisia. Obtained results proved that the energetic need is covered and only about 4% of the generated energy is not used. Also a cost investigation confirmed that the plant becomes profitable ten years after installation.Article History: Received June 24th 2017; Received in revised form September 26th 2017; Accepted Sept 30th 2017; Available onlineCitation: Brahmi, N., Charfi, S., and Chaabene, M. (2017) Optimum Sizing Algorithm for an off grid plant considering renewable potentials and load profile. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(3), 213-224.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.3.213-224
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Sarniak, Mariusz T., Jacek Wernik i Krzysztof J. Wołosz. "Application of the Double Diode Model of Photovoltaic Cells for Simulation Studies on the Impact of Partial Shading of Silicon Photovoltaic Modules on the Waveforms of Their Current–Voltage Characteristic". Energies 12, nr 12 (24.06.2019): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122421.
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Photovoltaics (PV) is the phenomenon of converting sun energy into electric energy by using photovoltaic cells. Furthermore, solar energy is the major renewable energy source. PV modules are systematically more efficient and manufacturing costs decrease at the same time. The PV module performance is affected by ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed, rainfall, incident solar radiation intensity and spectrum, dust deposition, pollution, and shading, which are environmental factors. The problem of partial shading of the generator often arises when designing photovoltaic installations. If it is not possible to avoid this phenomenon, its impact on the operation of the photovoltaic system should be estimated. The classical method is to measure the current–voltage characteristics, but it requires switching off the installation for the duration of the measurements. Therefore, this paper proposes a method using a computer simulation in the Matlab package with the implemented component “Solar Cell” for this purpose. Three cases of partial shading of photovoltaic modules with different degrees of shading were analyzed. The obtained results of the computer simulation were verified for two types of silicon PV modules: Mono- and polycrystalline.
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Torres, Negreiros i Tiba. "Theoretical and Experimental Study to Determine Voltage Violation, Reverse Electric Current and Losses in Prosumers Connected to Low-Voltage Power Grid". Energies 12, nr 23 (29.11.2019): 4568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234568.
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The impact of PV generation distributed in a low voltage transmission line depends on many factors: The distribution lines and PV generators characteristics, its location, operational control, local meteorological conditions, electricity consumption profile, and the electricity cost variation. An atypical and challenging behavior of photovoltaic distributed generation (DG) insertion in consumer units (CUs), implies in some circumstances, as the reverse directionality of the power flow between the load equipped with a photovoltaic system generator and the electrical grid, when a CU contains a distributed generation and low power consumption, the power flow will be directed to the power electric grid. In this work, the modeling of a low-voltage real feeder was performed, setting the variables of the system under real operating conditions. As result, voltage levels variability throughout the feeder, the electrical losses, and the asymmetry between the phases were observed. Through simulation scenarios, the occurrence of voltage increase under different penetration scenarios of distributed generation was verified and there was a 10% increase in reference voltage as well as the occurrence of higher electrical losses by reverse current, reaching 1200% more with a DG penetration, in the massive presence of the photovoltaic generator. The mitigatory action used in this work was able to attenuate the negative impacts to the feeder circuit, ensuring the integrity grid and the consumer unit.