Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Photovoltatic generators

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Photovoltatic generators”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Photovoltatic generators"

Lashin, Abdelrahman, Mohammad Al Turkestani i Mohamed Sabry. "Performance of a Thermoelectric Generator Partially Illuminated with Highly Concentrated Light". Energies 13, nr 14 (14.07.2020): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143627.

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In order to maximize the output of concentrator Photovoltaic cells and maintain their efficiencies, the operating temperature of concentrator photovoltaic cells must be reduced. A way that could reduce such photovoltaic temperature is by thermally attaching them on top of a thermoelectric generator. A thermoelectric generator in such coupling will act as a low-cost passive-cooling subsystem, as well as a power generator for producing additional energy from the rejected photovoltaic heat. Increasing the area of the proposed photovoltaic cells relative to the thermoelectric generator’s hot-side area will result in an increase in the thermoelectric generator’s electrical output, but may also result in overheating the photovoltaic cells, hence reducing their performance. Optimization has to be performed for the photovoltaic covering percentage relative to the hot-side area in order to maximize the output of the whole coupled system. This work investigates the electrical and thermal performance of thermoelectric generators in the case of partial illumination of their hot side. Experiments have been carried out using three thermoelectric generator modules with different areas, and under two levels of concentrated illumination. The thermoelectric generator output voltage, current, and temperature have been measured, and the figure-of-merit and maximum power of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) has been calculated and demonstrated.

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Shen, Yang-Wu, Ding Wang, Hao Chen, Jian Zuo, Min Xu i Wei Cao. "Analysis of the Influence of Renewable Generator Frequency Endurance Capability on Low-Frequency Load Shedding: A Hunan Case Study". Complexity 2020 (21.12.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8899946.

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With the rapid development of renewable generators such as distributed photovoltaic and profound changes of the power structure, this paper analyzes the frequency characteristics of the power system with high penetration of renewable generations in the process of low-frequency load shedding and discusses the influence of the distributed renewable generator frequency endurance capabilities on the implementation effect of low-frequency load shedding in detail. Finally, the influences of the distributed renewable generator frequency endurance capability and the capacities of the distributed renewable generator on frequency response characteristics of an actual Hunan power grid are simulated. The simulation results show that more distributed photovoltaic capacity without frequency endurance capability leads to deeper frequency drops after the disturbance and requires more basic rounds of load shedding. When the penetration rate of distributed photovoltaic is too high, it may cause load shedding, resulting in power grid load losses and, at the same time, leading to an overshoot phenomenon in the process of frequency recovery. Therefore, the influence of distributed photovoltaic on the control of low-frequency load shedding should be considered when designing low-frequency load shedding schemes for the power grid with high penetration of distributed photovoltaic.

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Maya Utami Dewi, Sulartopo Sulartopo i Ahmad Solechan. "REDUCING THE SHOOTING OF HYBRID PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS ON SCR AND LI-GRIDS". Journal of Technology Informatics and Engineering 1, nr 3 (22.12.2022): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51903/jtie.v1i3.147.

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The main threat by comparable methods lately is the temporary downtime for accurate-current network dispatch errors. Throughout a temporary outage, Power Electronic based power sources stop operating, giving rise to possible security defiance towards the network, in this research, the potentially viable choice to serve continuous work temporarily for the scheme is provided with consideration of identifying upgrades to existing photovoltaic generators (photovoltaic generators discrete) and an upgrade in the separate establishment of existing “photovoltaic” and “Energy Storage Systems” discrete hybrid photovoltaics. This study aims to find a series of power sources with Power Electronic interfaces that are connected to a low “Short Circuit Ratio” network and “Low Inertia” grid to operate without a moment's stoppage. The proposed method was proved by adopting PSS/e on a method where power electronics-occupying assets produce the majority of energy. Inverter models along with temporary shutdown through an equal 3-period fault were advanced in PSS/e. together with increasing infiltration of “Power Electronics” established multitude and resources, progressive completion is needed to improve network stability in low a) areas and low inertia networks. The requirements for progressive solvent arose out of the steady variation in the paradigm of the power grid from the dominant systems of traditional electric machines to the high penetration of systems based on power electronics. A technical comparison was made between distinct categories of resolution (divergent photovoltaic and divergent hybrid photovoltaic) to operate a photovoltaic generator's weak “Short Circuit Ratios” also “Low Inertia” grating (grid). The results of this study indicate that the proposed solution is calculated nether disparate running term and error class adopting the Electromagnetic Transient model. Moreover, to analyze distinct solvents, a specialized proportion is served on discrete hybrid photovoltaic generators. The proposed solution is the development of conventional increase as well as contemporary condensers, deter capacitors, and reducers to advanced photovoltaic generators and hybrid photovoltaic generators to provide voltage support to ensure continuous working through lopsided dispatch streak disturbances, and another solution is photovoltaic-energy generation. Integrated storage system connected to High Voltage dc and high voltage ac transmission network.

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Roger, Proenza Y., Camejo C. José Emilio i Ramos H. Rubén. "Procedure for the quantification of the degradation index of Photovoltaic Generators". Journal La Multiapp 2, nr 2 (11.06.2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v2i2.354.

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A procedure is presented for the quantification of the degradation index of Photovoltaic Generators, based on the quantification of the operational losses inherent in the system, which allows maintaining the nominal operating conditions and by the warranty terms of the photovoltaic generator. A photovoltaic generator connected to the network with a nominal power of 7.5 kWp, installed in the Solar Energy Research Center of Santiago de Cuba, is used to evaluate and validate the procedure. The starting point is the mathematical model of the photovoltaic generator, then the operational losses of the photovoltaic generator are quantified and the mathematical model is adjusted to real conditions, through a polynomial adjustment. The results obtained show that the photovoltaic generator presents deviations in terms of the nominal power generation, because the operational losses are 7% with respect to the values given by the manufacturer.

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Saleh, Umar Abubakar, Muhammad Akmal Johar, Siti Amely Binti Jumaat, Muhammad Nazri Rejab i Wan Akashah Wan Jamaludin. "Evaluation of a PV-TEG Hybrid System Configuration for an Improved Energy Output: A Review". International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, nr 2 (25.01.2021): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33917.

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The development of renewable energy, especially solar, is essential for meeting future energy demands. The use of a wide range of the solar spectrum through the solar cells will increase electricity generation and thereby improve energy supply. However, solar photovoltaics (PV) can only convert a portion of the spectrum into electricity. Excess solar radiation is wasted by heat, which decreases solar PV cells’ efficiency and decreases their life span. Interestingly, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are bidirectional devices that act as heat engines, converting the excess heat into electrical energy through thermoelectric effects through when integrated with a PV. These generators also enhance device efficiency and reduce the amount of heat that solar cells dissipate. Several experiments have been carried out to improve the hybrid PV-TEG system efficiency, and some are still underway. In the present study, the photovoltaic and thermoelectric theories are reviewed. Furthermore, different hybrid system integration methods and experimental and numerical investigations in improving the efficiency of PV-TEG hybrid systems are also discussed. This paper also assesses the effect of critical parameters of PV-TEG performance and highlights possible future research topics to enhancing the literature on photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator systems.

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Nassourou, Mohamadou, Joaquim Blesa i Vicenç Puig. "Optimal energy dispatch in a smart micro-grid system using economic model predictive control". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 234, nr 1 (18.07.2018): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818786376.

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The problem of energy dispatch in heterogeneous complex systems such as smart grids cannot be efficiently addressed using classical control or ad hoc methods. This article discusses the application of economic model predictive control to the management of a smart micro-grid system connected to an electrical power grid. The considered system is composed of several subsystems, namely, some photovoltaic panels, a wind generator, a hydroelectric generator, a diesel generator, and some storage devices (batteries). The batteries are charged with the energy from the photovoltaic panels, wind and hydroelectric generators, and they are discharged whenever the generators produce less energy than needed. The subsystems are interconnected via a DC Bus, from which load demands are satisfied. Modeling smart grids components is based on the generalized flow-based networked systems paradigm, and assuming energy generators to be stable, load demands and energy prices are known. This study shows that economic model predictive control is economically superior to a two-layer hierarchical model predictive control.

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Bordeașu, Dorin, Octavian Proștean, Ioan Filip, Florin Drăgan i Cristian Vașar. "Modelling, Simulation and Controlling of a Multi-Pump System with Water Storage Powered by a Fluctuating and Intermittent Power Source". Mathematics 10, nr 21 (29.10.2022): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10214019.

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In recent years, many pumping systems have begun to be powered by renewable energy generators, including mostly photovoltaic generators and, less frequently, electrical wind generators. Because of the technology’s complexity and novelty (it has not yet reached its maturation), most of those systems consist of single pumps powered by photovoltaic generators or electrical wind generators. For this reason, the current paper proposes a strategy for driving a multi-pump system with water storage powered by a fluctuating and intermittent power source, such as power grids, which are limited by price variation over different periods during the day, or photovoltaic generators and/or electrical wind generators. The current work begins by proposing a model of a multi-pump system with water storage, followed by the design of a control strategy for operating such a system powered by a fluctuating and intermittent power source in an energy-efficient manner, without sacrificing the reliability, robustness and lifetime of the plant. Finally, an analysis of two concrete situations encountered in practice is made: in one, the considered multi-pump system is powered only by a power grid limited by price variation over three periods; in the other, it is powered by a photovoltaic generator.

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Niu, Yitong, Ahmed Mohammed Merza, Suhad Ibraheem Kadhem, Jamal Fadhil Tawfeq, Poh Soon JosephNg i Hassan Muwafaq Gheni. "Evaluation of wind-solar hybrid power generation system based on Monte Carlo method". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, nr 4 (1.08.2023): 4401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i4.pp4401-4411.

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<span lang="EN-US">The application of wind-photovoltaic complementary power generation systems is becoming more and more widespread, but its intermittent and fluctuating characteristics may have a certain impact on the system's reliability. To better evaluate the reliability of stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators, a reliability assessment model for stand-alone power generation systems with wind and photovoltaic generators was developed based on the analysis of the impact of wind and photovoltaic generator outages and derating on reliability. A sequential Monte Carlo method was used to evaluate the impact of the wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) turbine, wind/photovoltaic complementary system, the randomness of wind turbine/photovoltaic outage status and penetration rate on the reliability of Independent photovoltaic power generation system (IPPS) under the reliability test system (RBTS). The results show that this reliability assessment method can provide some reference for planning the actual IPP system with wind and complementary solar systems.</span>

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Ismail, Benlaria, Belhadj Mohammed, Othmane Abdelkhalek i Sabouni Elhadj. "An experimental study of PV/T system using parabolic reflectors and heat exchanger". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, nr 3 (1.12.2021): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i3.pp1297-1306.

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<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems can be made more efficient by forcing the PV panel to operate at its maximum point power due to the electrical properties of photovoltaic generators, which are substantially non-linear (MPP). This study examines the effectiveness of using a combination of parabolic concentrator Bi-reflector and heat exchanger as a cooling system on the performance of photovoltaic generators to get a photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) system, and their effect on the direct current (DCDC) converter using matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink. The experimental tests were carried out under various temperature values and sun irradiation. The results demonstrated that the use of parabolic Bi-reflectors, to further illumine te the panels, and the use of the cooling system to absorb excess heat to get heat water, could increase and enhances performances of the photovoltaic generator.</p>

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Leonov, Vladimir. "Theoretical Performance Characteristics of Wearable Thermoelectric Generators". Advances in Science and Technology 74 (październik 2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.9.

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The theory of thermal matching of a thermoelectric generator with the environment has been applied in this work to a wearable thermoelectric generator. This enabled evaluation of its top performance characteristics in typical environmental conditions. To correctly perform the modeling, the relevant properties of the human body as a heat generator for a small-size thermoelectric generator have been studied and presented in the paper as well. The results have been practically validated in different wearable thermoelectric generators. In particular, a power over 1 mW per square centimeter of the skin has been practically demonstrated on a walking person at ambient temperature of –2 °C. The comparison with wearable photovoltaic cells shows that in typical situations thermoelectric generators provide at least ten times more power.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Photovoltatic generators"

Golder, Andrew S. Miu Karen Nan. "Photovoltaic generator modeling for large scale distribution system studies /". Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1220.

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Thipthorp, Jeremy. "Integrating photovoltaic systems into remote diesel generator powered networks". Thesis, Thipthorp, Jeremy (2016) Integrating photovoltaic systems into remote diesel generator powered networks. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33962/.

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This thesis aims to research the effects of multiple ascending levels of photovoltaic (PV) power penetration on a prototype diesel generator powered network that has a PV power system integrated into it. First the effects of this additional photovoltaic penetration were documented then some ways to mitigate the effects of solar intermittency were investigated. This project relates to the Power and Water Corporation’s (PWC) proposed roll out of 10 megawatt of solar throughout more than 30 of the remote communities they service in the Northern Territory. This thesis is concerned with instantaneous PV power penetration and studying the effects levels of instantaneous penetration higher than 30 per cent may have on an individual network. To conduct this study, literature about solar irradiance data and previous trials in the Northern Territory was studied to make sensible simulation event estimates for a mock network. A network model was created and used in simulations to approximate the network’s response to cloud shading during various levels of penetration. The simulations confirmed that photovoltaic penetration of 30 per cent and even 45 per cent could easily be implemented without the need for upgrading the existing infrastructure. Both 60 and 70 per cent penetration level simulations suggested that there would likely be a need to raise the nominal generated voltage and or apply shunt capacitor banks to the load buses. The significance of these results is that they confirm the Power and Water Corporations premise that 30 per cent penetration is a safe starting point and also suggest that higher levels of photovoltaic penetration can be achieved with little to no costly infrastructure upgrades, depending on the level of penetration implemented.

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Elsaidi, Abdulsalam. "Photovoltaic (PV) type solar generators and their effect on distribution systems". Thesis, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1544928.

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Distribution systems are designed to operate in radial mode (the simplest system topology) without any generation on the system, unidirectional power flow from the distribution substation to the customers via main feeder(s) and its(their) laterals within a specified range of operating points. The rapid growth of PV module installations on the distribution systems could not only offset the load but also cause a significant impact on the flow of power (active and reactive), voltage level, and fault currents, therefore; concerns about their potential impacts on the stability and operation of the power system have become one of the important issues and may create barriers to their future expansion. The most likely potential impact of the high PV penetration level is losing the voltage regulation, because it is directly related to the amount of reverse power flow. The main goal of this thesis is to approximate the maximum level of PV penetration which the system can accommodate without any impact on the voltage profile, stability, and operation.

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Berasategi, Arostegi Aloña. "New optimized electrical architectures of photovoltaic generators with high conversion efficiency". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2079/.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est l'optimisation du rendement des chaînes de conversion photovoltaïques (PV). Différentes améliorations de l'architecture électriques et de ses algorithmes de commande ont été développées afin d'obtenir un haut rendement de conversion sur une grande plage de puissance d'entrée. Ces travaux portent également sur l'allongement de la durée de vie de l'étage de conversion électrique. Les avantages et les inconvénients d'un système composé de convertisseurs connectés en parallèle ont été montrés notamment à travers une analyse de pertes. Ces études ont permis la conception d'une nouvelle architecture constituée par des convertisseurs parallélisés. Cette dernière est appelée "Convertisseur Multi-Phase Adaptative" (MPAC). Sa singularité réside dans ses algorithmes de commande qui adaptent les phases actives selon la production de puissance en temps réel et recherchent la configuration la plus efficiente à chaque instant. De cette façon, le MPAC garantit un haut rendement de conversion sur toute la plage de puissance de fonctionnement. Une autre loi de commande permet quant à elle d'uniformiser le temps de fonctionnement de chaque phase par l'implémentation d'un algorithme de rotation de phase. Ainsi, le stress des composants de ces phases est maintenu homogène, assurant un vieillissement homogène pour chacune des phases. Etant donné alors le faible stress appliqué sur chaque composant, la structure MPAC présente une durée de vie plus importante. Les améliorations de l'étage de conversion de puissance ont pu montrer par la réalisation d'un prototype expérimental et par la réalisation de tests expérimentaux la validation globale du système. Pour finir, des tests comparatifs entre une chaîne de conversion PV classique et notre système ont montré une amélioration significative du rendement de conversion
This thesis focuses in the optimization of the efficiency of photovoltaic power conversion chain. In this way, different improvements have been proposed in the electrical architecture and its control algorithms in order to obtain high efficiency in a large rage of input power and long life-time of PV power conversion system. Using loss analysis, the benefits and drawbacks of parallel connection of power structures has been shown. This analysis has allowed the conception of a new optimized architecture constituted by parallelized power converters, called Multi-Phase Adaptive Converter (MPAC). The singularity of these power structures consists on the adaptation of the phases of the converter depending on the power production in real-time and looking for the most efficient configuration all time. In this way, the MPAC guarantees high conversion efficiency for all power ranges. Another control law is also implemented which guarantees a rotation of the phases to keep their working time uniform. Thus, the stress of the components of all the phases is kept homogenous, assuring a homogeneous aging of the phases. Since the global stress of the component is lower, the MPAC presents a longer life-time. The improvements in the power conversion stage are shown by experimental prototypes. Experimental tests have been done for global validation. Comparison with a classical power conversion stage shows the improvement in the global conversion efficiency

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Al-Sabounchi, Ammar M. Munir. "Optimal sizing and location of photovoltaic generators on three phase radial distribution feeder". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/5225.

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The aim of this work is to research the issue of optimal sizing and location of photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) units on radial distribution feeders, and develop new procedures by which the optimal location may be determined. The procedures consider the concept that the PVDG production varies independently from changes in feeder load demand. Based on that, the developed procedures deal with two performance curves; the feeder daily load curve driven by the consumer load demand, and the PVDG daily production curve driven by the solar irradiance. Due to the mismatch in the profile of these two curves the PVDG unit might end up producing only part of its capacity at the time the feeder meets its peak load demand. An actual example of that is the summer peak load demand in Abu Dhabi city that occurs at 5:30 pm, which is 5 hours after the time the PV array yields its peak. Consequently, solving the optimization problem for maximum line power loss reduction (∆PPL) is deemed inappropriate for the connection of PVDG units. Accordingly, the procedures have been designed to solve for maximum line energy loss reduction (∆EL). A suitable concept has been developed to rate the ∆EL at one time interval over the day, namely feasible optimization interval (FOI). The concept has been put into effect by rating the ∆EL in terms of line power loss reduction at the FOI (ΔPLFOI). This application is deemed very helpful in running the calculations with no need to repeat the energy-based calculations on hourly basis intervals or even shorter. The procedures developed as part of this work have been applied on actual feeders at the 11kV level of Abu Dhabi distribution network. Two main scenarios have been considered relating to the avoidance and allowance of reverse power flow (RPF). In this course, several applications employing both single and multiple PVDG units have been solved and validated. The optimization procedures are solved iteratively. Hence, effective sub-procedures to help determine the appropriate number of feasible iterative steps have been developed and incorporated successfully. Additionally, the optimization procedures have been designed to deal with a 3-phase feeder under an unbalanced load condition. The line impedances along the feeder are modeled in terms of a phase impedance matrix. At the same time, the modeling of feeder load curves along with the power flow calculations and the resulting losses in the lines are carried out by phase. The resulting benefits from each application have been evaluated and compared in terms of line power loss reduction at the FOI (∆PLFOI) along with voltage and current flow profile.

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Mesbahi, Abdessamad. "Deterministic and Stochastic Economic Modeling of Hybrid Power Supply System with Photovoltaic Generators". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/42555.

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Relevance of research. Due to the rapid deployment of the non-dispatchable (intermittent) generation sources in the smart grid, such as integration of the photovoltaic power plants and wind turbines in the distribution systems; this caused a problem of the uncertainty increase of simulation results for decision-making for power supply systems, these uncertainties of power systems are getting more and more notice. At the same time, the classical power systems models cannot give accurate simulation results. Wherein; it became necessary to define new models to represent the specific parameters of power system. wherein; this research reveals to the benefits of using probabilistic mathematical approaches to define and calculate the specific economic parameters, as well as the technical parameters for power supply system with the integration renewable energy generators, which are characterising by randomness and uncertainty due to the high penetration to the renewables. Monte Carlo Method, and Point Estimation Method are used to handle the uncertainties of renewable energy resources. The standard functions to represent the stochastic parameters of the model are analyzed with the use of three-point estimation technique for the distribution functions of their probable values. A synthetic skewed probability density function was analytically constructed basing on the standard normal distribution, which is suitable for analytic representation of the predicted and/or statistical random sampling of the uncertain model parameters of energy system with renewables, and analytical expressions were obtained to compute the moments of proposed synthetic probability function. Relationship of work with scientific programs, plans, themes. is to demonstrate the possibility of describing the input parameters of the simulation Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling by probability Density Functions by the use of three-point approximation techniques and to obtain analytical expressions for the characteristics of such distributions, suitable for non-iterative (as opposed to Monte Carlo Method) probabilistic method applications, namely the Point Estimation Method. Purpose and tasks of the research. Increasing the simulation accuracy results for estimation economic and technical parameters characterising photovoltaic power plant based on based on the life cycle model; as well as development of different algorithms based on deterministic and stochastic modeling of power system with non-dispatchable sources and minimize the computation time. Object of research. Processes of determining the estimated technical and economic parameters characterising a photovoltaic power plant located in Ukraine basing on stochastic modeling. Subject of research. Use of the Monte Carlo Method and Point Estimation Method to estimate the various economic and technical information characteristic of alternative power plants in order to obtain accurate simulation results. Practical value of the results. Practical techniques of the three-point approximation are used to construct the probability density function of the model uncertain (stochastic) parameter, which dominantly influences the modeling result: an event occurrence probability, the result attainability, whatsoever. This technique is an effective tool for the practical evaluating of an uncertain value of a technological or economic factor of material and/or economic object, and widely used for overall Levelized Energy Cost (LCOE – LEC) which is directly or indirectly engaged into analytic representation of the power systel model. Usually, the model of a kind is designed to solve technical and/or economic problem by means of Deterministic and Stochastic Modeling. Scientific novelty of the obtained results is the development of algorithms and mathematical solutions using a probabilistic approach basing Point Estimation Method instead of Monte Carlo Melthod to obtain more accurate estimation simulation results, as well as to obtain computational results in less time for useful decision-making in alternative power plant projects.

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Alotaibi, Lafi. "Commande et optimisation d'une installation multi-sources". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS039.

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Cette thèse traite la commande et l'optimisation d'une installation photovoltaïquepour un site isolé. Ainsi, nous avons proposé un algorithme par logique flouepermettant la poursuite du point de puissance maximal afin de remédier auxinconvénients des méthodes classiques. Ensuite, nous nous sommes intéressés àl'optimisation de la structure de l'installation. En effet, dans les installationsclassiques, dans le cas de défaillance d'un panneaux, tout le bloc série devientinutilisable, ce qui réduit considérablement les capacités de production del'installation. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons proposé un superviseur permettant la reconfiguration automatique de l'installation de telle sorte que seul lepanneaux défaillant est mis hors connexion. Par ailleurs, pour gérer le flux depuissance et pour répondre à la demande de l'utilisateur, nous avons développé un superviseur par logique floue. Ainsi, le surplus de production est stocké systématiquement dans la batterie pour l'utiliser ensuite en cas où la demandedépasse la production. De plus, la structure proposée permet de ne solliciter la batterie en cas de besoin de ce qui permet de prolonger considérablement sa duréede vie
This thesis addresses the control and optimization of a stand-alone photovoltaicsystem. Thus, we proposed a fuzzy logic algorithm for tracking the maximum powerpoint to overcome the disadvantages of classical methods. Then we focused onoptimizing the structure of the installation. Indeed, in conventional systems, in thecase of failure of a panel, the whole serie block becomes unusable, greatly reducingthe production capacity. To resolve this problem, we proposed a supervisor for theautomatic reconfiguration of the installation so that only the failed panels is takenoffline. Furthermore, to manage the power flow and to meet user demand, wedeveloped a fuzzy supervisor. Thus, the surplus production is systematically storedin the battery for later use in cases where demand exceeds production. In addition,the proposed structure can not draining the battery in case of need thereby greatlyextend its lifetime

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Gudivada, Venkata Thulasi Prasad. "Impact of photovoltaic generators and electric vehicles on a weak low voltage distribution grid". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43810.

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In this thesis, the behaviour of a weak power distribution grid at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) in the presence of a Photovoltaic (PV) inverter and Electric Vehicles (EV) as loads is analyzed. The grid connected to PV and EV has high impedance. The impact at PCC when the injected power varies in conjunction with the frequency and voltage deviation with a delay in inverter fed power is elaborated. Various measures such as peak shaving, coordinated charging, voltage drop correction have already been developed to mitigate the impact at PCC. These measures are observed on a combined EV and PV setup. In general, the grid tied inverter injects power based on an average grid voltage calculation at stable synchronization with the grid. If an error (for instance, an error in average grid voltage calculation) persists in such a case causing a loss in synchronization between the PV inverter and the grid, then a delay in the power injected may result in an oscillation at the PCC. A simple two bus system is considered to analyze the result of transportation delay. The delay and droop parameters of the PV inverter are altered whose results are quantitatively analyzed. The model abides the grid codes for active power reduction and static voltage support requirements. Further, the impact of a fault along with an inverter delay is analyzed. Simulative analysis is performed in the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. To reduce the impact at PCC, performance criteria are analyzed whose parameters could be measured and altered. Scenarios are developed to analyze EV‟s impact in the presence and absence of storage and Distributed Generator (DG) that can be extended onto the micro grids.

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Manhal, Ali, i Ali Tammam M. "Solar Tent : A Photovoltaic Generator Model for a Flexible Fabric with Inbuilt Cells". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30552.

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Natural disasters and conflicts in many different parts of the world force thousands of people to get displaced from their homes and live in refugee camps temporarily or permanently. For refugee families, lack of energy access has great impact on their lives. Tarpon Solar Company has developed a solar tent which is a combination of laminated cloth and flexible solar cells. In addition to producing renewable electricity, it can create a comfortable outdoor shelter from sun, rain and wind. The aims of this study were to define and size the solar system of the tent in both AC and DC systems and optimize the tent to work in different locations around the world. Besides designing a monitoring system for the solar tent to evaluate the performance. In addition, defining the social aspect and the consumer behavior for a better solar tent future design. As a case study, Tarpon AC solar tent in Glava, Sweden has been installed to cover the basic needs of the tent users. To understand the solar tent performance in different weather zones, 4 different locations were suggested. A monitor system was designed to monitor the tent solar system performance. The simulation software PVsyst was used to size the PV system in the different locations with different solar data. The PVsyst simulation results showed that the current Tarpon solar tent with 32 photovoltaic modules is extremely oversized to cover the basic needs loads (Lighting, mobile charging and ventilation) in the emergency cases. The current Tarpon solar tent has a standard number of photovoltaic modules integrated in the tent fabric while the photovoltaic modules number should vary from one location to another according to the weather data and solar irradiation. In this case the current Tarpon solar system used in Glava, Sweden can be optimized by decreasing the number of photovoltaic modules to only 6 photovoltaic modules instead of 32 modules. The study also shows that the features of the off-grid system components (battery and charge controller) are different from one location to another according to the criteria of selection. This study concludes that for the temporary short-term emergency use of the tent where only basic needs loads are needed, DC system is better than AC system in terms of energy efficiency, system size and cost in the different proposed locations. While AC system is better when using the tent for prolonged time in terms of user flexibility and ability to extend the system. Understanding the consumer behavior and the goal of the tent whether to be used for an emergency short term shelter or a permanent shelter for a prolonged time are important factors for a better solar tent design.

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Sahan, Benjamin [Verfasser]. "Wechselrichtersysteme mit Stromzwischenkreis zur Netzanbindung von Photovoltaik-Generatoren / Benjamin Sahan". Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1016850891/34.

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Książki na temat "Photovoltatic generators"

T, Markvart, red. Solar electricity. Wyd. 2. Chichester: Wiley, 2000.

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R, Burke W., European Space Agency, Aerospatiale (Firm) i European Symposium on Photovoltaic Generators in Space. (5th : 1986 : Scheveningen, The Netherlands)., red. Photovoltaic generators in space: Proceedings of the Fifth European symposium. Paris, France: European Space Agency, 1986.

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Fatemi, Navid S. A solar thermophotovoltaic electrical generator for remote power applications: Final report. Cleveland, OH: Essential Research, Inc., 1996.

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S, Kolacz John, Tavernelli Paul F i NASA Glenn Research Center, red. Baseline testing of the ultracapcitor enhanced photovoltaic power station. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 2001.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Photovoltaic systems in remote locations: An experience summary. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, red. Photovoltaic systems in remote locations: An experience summary. [Washington, D.C.?: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., red. Cumulative index of photovoltaic conference proceedings: IEEE, EC, PVSEC, ESA. New York, NY (345 E. 47th St., New York 10017): Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1987.

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P, Berry J., i Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development., red. Expérimentation et démonstration du générateur photovoltaique à concentration de type SOPHOCLE =: Test and demonstration ofconcentrating photovoltaic generators SOPHOCLE under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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L, Kohout Lisa, i NASA Glenn Research Center, red. Solar electric power system analyses for Mars surface missions. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.

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Części książek na temat "Photovoltatic generators"

Aristizábal Cardona, Andrés Julián, Carlos Arturo Páez Chica i Daniel Hernán Ospina Barragán. "PV Generator Characterization". W Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems (BIPVS), 65–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71931-3_7.

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Narducci, Dario, Peter Bermel, Bruno Lorenzi, Ning Wang i Kazuaki Yazawa. "A Primer on Photovoltaic Generators". W Hybrid and Fully Thermoelectric Solar Harvesting, 63–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76427-6_4.

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Narducci, Dario, Peter Bermel, Bruno Lorenzi, Ning Wang i Kazuaki Yazawa. "Hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generators: Materials Issues". W Hybrid and Fully Thermoelectric Solar Harvesting, 103–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76427-6_6.

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Narducci, Dario, Peter Bermel, Bruno Lorenzi, Ning Wang i Kazuaki Yazawa. "Hybrid Photovoltaic–Thermoelectric Generators: Theory of Operation". W Hybrid and Fully Thermoelectric Solar Harvesting, 91–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76427-6_5.

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Compaore, Ousmane W., Ghaleb Hoblos i Zacharie Koalaga. "Sensor Fault Analysis of an Isolated Photovoltaic Generator". W Intelligent and Safe Computer Systems in Control and Diagnostics, 278–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16159-9_23.

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Abete, A., E. Barbisio i R. Tommasini. "A Graphic-Analytical Method to Study the Direct Coupling Photovoltaic Generators — DC Motors". W Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1037–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_266.

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Kern, R., i H. G. Wagemann. "Uncomplicated Measurement Procedure for I-V-Characteristics of Photovoltaic Generators At Remote Sites". W Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 314–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_58.

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Mertia, Parul, i Surendra Kothari. "Solar Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Generator Hybrid System: A Brief Review". W Renewable Resources and Energy Management, 385–90. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003361312-43.

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Messana, C., M. Palazzetti, L. Parisi Presicce, G. Petruccioli i G. Salotti. "Design and Development of a Car Ventilation System Powered by a Photovoltaic Generator". W Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 819–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_209.

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Asmara, Anugerah Yuka, AR Rohman Taufiq Hidayat, Badrudin Kurniawan, Hideaki Ohgaki, Toshio Mitsufuji i Jordi Cravioto. "Building a Sustainable Photovoltaic Innovation System in Indonesia Through Network Governance Perspective". W Environment & Policy, 463–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15904-6_24.

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AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) is one of primary renewable energy sources aimed to achieve national electrification ratio in Indonesia. There are two PV electricity generators in Indonesia, centralized PV generators (PLTS) and dispersed PV generators (SHS). Both PLTS and SHS are installed in remote and rural areas by which there are no electricity grids provided by state-owned electricity (PLN). The numbers of 15 PLTS/SHS projects are main cases of this study. All of them are categorized based on the type of project and thus analyzed by qualitative research method. This research attempts to investigate PV projects’ current progress and formulate a solution to solve the emerging problems. This research found that PLTS/ SHS projects face unresolved classical problems over the years, unsustaining PV projects (e.g., short-life infrastructure due to maintenance capability issue). This study proposes regional innovation system (RIS) and sectoral innovation system (SIS) as the Indonesian comprehensive policy strategy to sustain national PV projects. Network Governance (NG) perspective is a lens to capture how actors of academician, business, government, and community (ABGC) interact and collaborate mutually. The conclusion is that RIS and SIS can create a PV market in Indonesia, possibly being implemented through different NG forms.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Photovoltatic generators"

Karamov, D. N., I. V. Naumov, D. A. Ivanov i S. V. Podyachikh. "Modelling of diesel generator operating modes on the basis of the engine speed characteristic in autonomous photovoltaic systems". W The International Workshop on Information, Computation, and Control Systems for Distributed Environments. Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47350/iccs-de.2020.12.

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The article presents a universal diesel generator model based on the processing of the engine speed characteristic. Processing uses linear interpolation with a fixed discrete step. An autonomous photovoltaic system arbitrarily located in Eastern Siberia is used as a case study. Solar radiation modelling was based on multi-year meteorological data sets using the tandem of Iqbal-Kasten/Czeplak models. The photovoltaic system under investigation consists of two 400 kW diesel generators (totalling 800 kW) and one 375 kW solar power plant. In calculating the operating modes, the diesel power plant’s minimum limit load factor was taken into consideration. The resulting values of the diesel generator’s operating modes show the following patterns. As an example, the lesser the diesel generator’s load, the lesser engine speed and the higher specific fuel consumption. The suggested model can be used in comprehensive energy research, specifically in areas such as optimal equipment configuration, operational reliability and sustainability as well as cost-efficiency.

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Gavagnin, Giacomo, David Sánchez, José M. Rodríguez, Antonio Muñoz i Gonzalo S. Martínez. "Economic-Competitiveness of Dish-mGT Solar Power Generators". W ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64351.

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This paper provides an analysis of the Optimised Microturbine Solar Power generator (OMSoP) project, funded by the European Commission, as the most recent attempt to develop a dish and mGT Concentrated Solar Power generation system that is cost competitive against photovoltaics, at least in certain business cases. A first section presents the system and business cases along with other boundary conditions (technology levels) and locations of interest. Then, for each case, the specific installed costs assuming a production rate of 1000 units/year are presented as provided by the project partners. Cost reductions as high as 1000 €/kWe are possible through advanced technical specifications (for instance higher turbine inlet temperatures) and complex layouts (cycles including intercooling and reheat), thanks to a major impact on system efficiency and, hence, dish size. From a techno-economic perspective, the OMSoP technology confirms the potential to become cost-competitive against photovoltaic systems in terms of the cost of electricity. This is discussed in the final section dedicated to project appraisal. The analysis, based on hourly simulations in order to account for offdesign performance, reveals that dish-mGT systems can make a case for certain applications despite having higher installation costs than PV panels. It is shown that under representative boundary conditions, i.e. not in any market worldwide, dish-mGT systems produce electricity at the same levelised cost as small photovoltaic installations (∼11 c€/kWhe).

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Stein, William J., Roch A. Ducey i Bruce R. Johnson. "Lessons Learned From 30 Years Experience With Renewable Energy Technologies at Fort Huachuca, Arizona". W ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90488.

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Fort Huachuca, AZ, located 60 mi Southeast of Tucson, has had over 30 years of experience with various renewable energy systems. This session discusses lessons learned from the successes and failures in that experience, including: an indoor pool solar water heating system (installed 1980); a solar domestic hot water (DHW) system (installed 1981); a grid connected Photovoltaic system (installed 1982); transpired air solar collectors (Solarwalls,™ installed 2001); day-lighting (installed 2001); a 10-KW wind turbine (installed 2002); photovoltaic powered outdoor lighting (installed 1994); a prototype Dish/Stirling solar thermal electric generator (installed 1996); two 30-KW Building Integrated Photovoltaic systems (installed on new membrane roofs in 2009); and a 36-KW Photovoltaic system moved from the Pentagon in June 2009 and became operational November 2009 at Fort Huachuca. Also discussed is an experimental solar attic system (first installed in 2003 and now being fully monitored) that collects hot air in an attic, and via a heat exchanger and tank, produces solar DHW. This paper discusses system design, installation, metering, operation and maintenance, and also work in progress on the installation of commercial, off-the-shelf 3-KW Dish/Stirling solar thermal electric generators and solar thermal/natural gas-to-electric systems at a central plant. Discussions include biogas (methane from a wastewater digester) and biomass (wood chip boiler) being installed at a central heating/cooling plant.

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Anani, Nader A., Omar A. Al-Kharji, Prasad V. Ponnapalli, Saleh R. Al-Araji i Mahmoud A. Al-Qutayri. "Synchronization of a Single-Phase Photovoltaic Generator With the Low-Voltage Utility Grid". W ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54951.

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The increased generation of electrical energy from renewable sources and its integration into the low voltage grid, has necessitated regulations governing the connection of renewable energy generators to the grid. This was deemed necessary to preserve the integrity and the correct operation of the grid. This paper presents a new architecture of a hybrid phase lock loop circuit topology for synchronizing a single-phase inverter fed from a renewable energy source such as a photovoltaic (PV) generator to the low voltage grid. The system uses a digital phase lock loop (DPLL) architecture, which is based on the arctan phase detector, driving a phase lock loop (PLL) to synchronize a PV generator with the grid voltage. The proposed system has been tested by simulation using Simulink/Matlab. The test results demonstrate the ability of the system to synchronize a PV inverter with the grid and to re-establish synchronization following a sudden perturbation in the grid voltage such as a single or a multi-step change in phase.

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Cojocariu, Bogdan, Catalin Petrescu i Dan Stefanoiu. "Photovoltaic Generators -- Modeling and Control". W 2015 20th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscs.2015.96.

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G. R. Tonini, Luiz, Felipe Z. da Silva, Renato S. F. Ferraz, Oureste E. Batista i Augusto C. Rueda-Medina. "Use of the Particle Swarm Technique to Optimize Parameters of Photovoltaic Generators on Networks with High Integration of Distributed Generation". W Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2301.

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In search of greater diversity in energy sources, to meet the demand of the electricity power, the use of photovoltaic generators is increasing. Such components have their power generation specified by IEEE 1547/2018, which limits the power parameters of each one. In a situation of high penetration of distributed generation, generators can contribute to the electric current that will circulate within the system in case of a fault, causing major disruption to the mesh and the users. Seeking to reduce this impact, the paper will minimize the value of the short circuit current by adjusting the parameters of the photovoltaic generators. The analysis will be done on IEEE Test Feeder 13 and 34 nodes and will refer to generators from category A, B and without reactive power injection in the mesh.

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Walker, Andy. "Estimating Reliability of a System of Electric Generators Using Stochastic Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies (SIRET) in the Renewable Energy Optimization (REO) Method". W ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54283.

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The Renewable Energy Optimization (REO) screening method identifies the optimal combination of renewable energy technologies for a site subject to constraints imposed by the organization or by the physical limits of the site. The REO method calculates the life-cycle cost of a combination of renewable energy generators and then uses a solver to iterate until it finds the size of each generator that minimizes life-cycle cost. In 2007, NREL developed a method called “Stochastic Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies” (SIRET) [1, 2, 3, 7] to account for the interactions between multiple generators serving a load. SIRET calculates the quantity of electricity bought from and sold to the utility within a time interval, which allows an accurate economic model when the retail rate and sell-back rate of electricity differ. These two energy quantities calculated by SIRET are used to calculate utility costs in the REO life-cycle cost calculation. When one or more emergency generators and/or the electric grid are included with renewables as generation resources in the analysis, the SIRET algorithm can also be used to estimate the reliability of the system, where reliability is defined as the fraction of time in which any combination of generation resources is sufficient to meet the load. The SIRET algorithm is capable of analyzing any number of generation resources, and currently includes photovoltaics (PV), wind, solar thermal electric, biomass gasification, anaerobic digestion, landfill gas, daylighting, and an arbitrary number of emergency generators as well as the electric grid. An example consisting of PV, wind, and an emergency generator is presented to illustrate the method. This method is based on very simple and heuristic methods, and thus should be regarded only as a relative indicator of reliability, rather than an accurate prediction, but agreement with hourly simulation is presented as one benchmark of the effectiveness of the method.

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Freire-Gormaly, M., i A. M. Bilton. "Optimization of Renewable Energy Power Systems for Remote Communities". W ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47509.

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Many remote communities rely on diesel generators as their primary power source, which is expensive and harmful to the environment. Renewable energy systems, based on photovoltaics and wind turbines, present a more sustainable and potentially cost-effective option for remote communities with abundant sun and wind. Designing and implementing community-owned and operated renewable power generation alternatives for critical infrastructure such as hospitals, water sanitation, and schools is one approach towards community autonomy and resiliency. However, configuring a cost-effective and reliable renewable power system is challenging due to the many design choices to be made, the large variations in the renewable power sources, and the location specific renewable power source availability. This paper presents an optimization-based approach to aid the configuration of a solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine generator and lead-acid battery storage hybrid power system. The approach, implemented in MATLAB, uses a detailed time-series system model to analyze system Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and a lifetime system cost model to analyze system cost. These models are coupled to a genetic algorithm to perform a multi-objective optimization of system reliability and cost. The method was applied to two case studies to demonstrate the approach: a windy location (Gibraltar, UK), and a predominantly sunny location (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Hourly solar and wind resource data was extracted for these locations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for five-year data sets. The village load requirements were statistically generated from a mean daily load for the community estimated based on the population and basic electricity needs. The case studies demonstrate that the mix and size of technologies is dependent on local climatic conditions. In addition, the results show the tradeoff between system reliability and cost, allowing designers to make important decisions for the remote communities.

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Iles, Peter A. "Photovoltaic principles used in thermophotovoltaic generators". W The first NREL conference on thermophotovoltaic generation of electricity. AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47058.

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Locci, N., F. Mocci i M. Tosi. "A programmable simulator of photovoltaic generators". W 1986 17th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesc.1986.7415618.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Photovoltatic generators"

Chaparro, Rodrigo, Maria Netto, Patricio Mansilla i Daniel Magallon. Energy Savings Insurance: Advances and Opportunities for Funding Small- and Medium-Sized Energy Efficiency and Distributed Generation Projects in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002947.

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The Energy Savings Insurance Program seeks to promote investment in energy efficiency and distributed generation in Latin America, primarily through small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It focuses on developing an innovative scheme of guaranteed energy performance that mitigates project risk and generates investor confidence (ESI Model). The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) facilitates the development of the ESI Program in alliance with the National Development Banks (NDBs). The ESI Model includes a contract for the supply, installation, and maintenance of equipment for generating a stipulated amount of energy or energy savings over a specific time period; validation by an independent body; insurance coverage that backs the savings or the guaranteed energy generation; and project financing. This paper describes the main attributes of the ESI Model (the contract, the insurance, validation and financing), evaluates market potential and the most attractive technologies, and identifies the priority sectors for implementing projects in Chile. The most promising economic sectors were found to be the hospitality industry, food processing industry, grape growing/wine production, and the fishing industry, and the technologies of electric motors, boilers, air conditioning systems and photovoltaic solar generation. In each of these sectors, estimates were made of financing requirements as well as CO2 emission reductions that could be achieved.

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