Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Photon counting

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Photon counting”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 16 listopada 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Photon counting"

Reutov, Aleksei, i Denis Sych. "Photon counting statistics with imperfect detectors". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012096.

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Abstract Measurement of photon statistics is an important tool for the verification of quantum properties of light. Due to the various imperfections of real single photon detectors, the observed statistics of photon counts deviates from the underlying statistics of photons. Here we analyze statistical properties of coherent states, and investigate a connection between Poissonian distribution of photons and sub-Poissonian distribution of photon counts due to the detector dead-time corrections. We derive a functional dependence between the mean number of photons and the mean number of photon counts, as well as connection between higher-order statistical moments, for the pulsed or continuous wave coherent light sources, and confirm the results by numerical simulations.

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Jang, Jae-Young, i Myungjin Cho. "Lensless Three-Dimensional Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions". Sensors 23, nr 4 (20.02.2023): 2336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042336.

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In this paper, we propose a lensless three-dimensional (3D) imaging under photon-starved conditions using diffraction grating and computational photon counting method. In conventional 3D imaging with and without the lens, 3D visualization of objects under photon-starved conditions may be difficult due to lack of photons. To solve this problem, our proposed method uses diffraction grating imaging as lensless 3D imaging and computational photon counting method for 3D visualization of objects under these conditions. In addition, to improve the visual quality of 3D images under severely photon-starved conditions, in this paper, multiple observation photon counting method with advanced statistical estimation such as Bayesian estimation is proposed. Multiple observation photon counting method can estimate the more accurate 3D images by remedying the random errors of photon occurrence because it can increase the samples of photons. To prove the ability of our proposed method, we implement the optical experiments and calculate the peak sidelobe ratio as the performance metric.

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Pile, David. "Photon counting". Nature Photonics 6, nr 1 (22.12.2011): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.340.

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Hu, Huiqin, Xinyi Ren, Zhaoyang Wen, Xingtong Li, Yan Liang, Ming Yan i E. Wu. "Single-Pixel Photon-Counting Imaging Based on Dual-Comb Interferometry". Nanomaterials 11, nr 6 (24.05.2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061379.

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate single-pixel photon counting imaging based on dual-comb interferometry at 1550 nm. Different from traditional dual-comb imaging, this approach enables imaging at the photon-counting regime by using single-photon detectors combined with a time-correlated single-photon counter to record the returning photons. The illumination power is as low as 14 pW, corresponding to 2.2 × 10−3 photons/pulse. The lateral resolution is about 50 μm. This technique paves the way for applying dual-comb in remote sensing and imaging.

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Yeo, Gilsu, i Myungjin Cho. "Three-Dimensional Digital Zooming of Integral Imaging under Photon-Starved Conditions". Sensors 23, nr 5 (28.02.2023): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052645.

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In this paper, we propose new three-dimensional (3D) visualization of objects at long distance under photon-starved conditions. In conventional three-dimensional image visualization techniques, the visual quality of three-dimensional images may be degraded because object images at long distances may have low resolution. Thus, in our proposed method, we utilize digital zooming, which can crop and interpolate the region of interest from the image to improve the visual quality of three-dimensional images at long distances. Under photon-starved conditions, three-dimensional images at long distances may not be visualized due to the lack of the number of photons. Photon counting integral imaging can be used to solve this problem, but objects at long distance may still have a small number of photons. In our method, a three-dimensional image can be reconstructed, since photon counting integral imaging with digital zooming is used. In addition, to estimate a more accurate three-dimensional image at long distance under photon-starved conditions, in this paper, multiple observation photon counting integral imaging (i.e., N observation photon counting integral imaging) is used. To show the feasibility of our proposed method, we implement the optical experiments and calculate performance metrics, such as peak sidelobe ratio. Therefore, our method can improve the visualization of three-dimensional objects at long distances under photon-starved conditions.

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Ma, Rujia, Wei Kong, Tao Chen, Rong Shu i Genghua Huang. "KNN Based Denoising Algorithm for Photon-Counting LiDAR: Numerical Simulation and Parameter Optimization Design". Remote Sensing 14, nr 24 (9.12.2022): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246236.

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Photon-counting LiDAR can obtain long-distance, high-precision target3D geographic information, but extracting high-precision signal photons from background noise photons is the key premise of photon-counting LiDAR data processing and application. This study proposes an adaptive noise filtering algorithm that adjusts parameters according to the background photon count rate and removes noise photons based on the local mean Euclidean distance. A simulated photon library that provides different background photon count rates and detection probabilities was constructed. It was then used to fit the distribution relationship between the background photon count rate and the average KNN (K-Nearest Neighbor) distance (k = 2–6) and to obtain the optimal denoising threshold under different background photon count rates. Finally, the proposed method was evaluated by comparing it with the modified density-based spatial clustering (mDBSCAN) and local distance-based statistical methods. The experimental results show that various methods are similar when the background noise rate is high. However, at most non-extreme background photon count rate levels, the F of this algorithm was maintained between 0.97–0.99, which is an improvement over other classical algorithms. The new strategy eliminated the artificial introduction of errors. Due to its low error rates, the proposed method can be widely applied in photon-counting LiDAR signal extraction under various conditions.

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Kim, Hyun-Woo, Min-Chul Lee i Myungjin Cho. "Three-Dimensional Image Visualization under Photon-Starved Conditions Using N Observations and Statistical Estimation". Sensors 24, nr 6 (7.03.2024): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061731.

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In this paper, we propose a method for the three-dimensional (3D) image visualization of objects under photon-starved conditions using multiple observations and statistical estimation. To visualize 3D objects under these conditions, photon counting integral imaging was used, which can extract photons from 3D objects using the Poisson random process. However, this process may not reconstruct 3D images under severely photon-starved conditions due to a lack of photons. Therefore, to solve this problem, in this paper, we propose N-observation photon-counting integral imaging with statistical estimation. Since photons are extracted randomly using the Poisson distribution, increasing the samples of photons can improve the accuracy of photon extraction. In addition, by using a statistical estimation method, such as maximum likelihood estimation, 3D images can be reconstructed. To prove our proposed method, we implemented the optical experiment and calculated its performance metrics, which included the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), peak-to-correlation energy (PCE), and the peak sidelobe ratio (PSR).

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Hadfield, Robert H. "Superfast photon counting". Nature Photonics 14, nr 4 (27.03.2020): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-020-0614-0.

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Graydon, Oliver. "Practical photon counting". Nature Photonics 11, nr 11 (31.10.2017): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-017-0042-y.

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Candy, B. H. "Photon counting circuits". Review of Scientific Instruments 56, nr 2 (luty 1985): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138328.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Photon counting"

Norlin, Börje. "Photon Counting X-ray Detector Systems". Licentiate thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Information Technology and Media, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41.

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This licentiate thesis concerns the development and characterisation of X-ray imaging detector systems. “Colour” X-ray imaging opens up new perspectives within the fields of medical X-ray diagnosis and also in industrial X-ray quality control. The difference in absorption for different “colours” can be used to discern materials in the object. For instance, this information might be used to identify diseases such as brittle-bone disease. The “colour” of the X-rays can be identified if the detector system can process each X-ray photon individually. Such a detector system is called a “single photon processing” system or, less precise, a “photon counting system”.

With modern technology it is possible to construct photon counting detector systems that can resolve details to a level of approximately 50 µm. However with such small pixels a problem will occur. In a semiconductor detector each absorbed X-ray photon creates a cloud of charge which contributes to the picture achieved. For high photon energies the size of the charge cloud is comparable to 50 µm and might be distributed between several pixels in the picture. Charge sharing is a key problem since, not only is the resolution degenerated, but it also destroys the “colour” information in the picture.

The problem involving charge sharing which limits “colour” X-ray imaging is discussed in this thesis. Image quality, detector effectiveness and “colour correctness” are studied on pixellated detectors from the MEDIPIX collaboration. Characterisation measurements and simulations are compared to be able to understand the physical processes that take place in the detector. Simulations can show pointers for the future development of photon counting X-ray systems. Charge sharing can be suppressed by introducing 3D-detector structures or by developing readout systems which can correct the crosstalk between pixels.

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HERRERA, LUIS ERNESTO YNOQUIO. "HIGH RESOLUTION PHOTON COUNTING OPTICAL REFLECTOMETRY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27673@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
BOLSA NOTA 10
Neste trabalho são apresentados dois reflectômetros ópticos por contagem de fótons no domínio do tempo para o monitoramento de fibras ópticas. O primeiro foi projetado para obter faixas dinâmicas altas. Demonstrou-se a sua capacidade de sintonização no monitoramento de redes passivas WDM-PON durante o tráfego de dados. 32 dB de faixa dinâmica com 6 m de resolução foram atingidos. O segundo reflectômetro foi projetado para atingir resoluções ultra altas. As aplicações neste caso, além do monitoramento de uma rede TDM-PON de curto alcance, foram na caracterização de redes de Bragg dispersivas e na descrição e modelagem de um fenômeno não reportado antes na literatura, chamado nesta tese de reflexão por curvatura. Foi demonstrada uma resolução menor que 3 cm com faixa dinâmica maior que 14.0 dB.
This thesis presents the development of two photon counting optical time domain reflectometers for fiber optic links monitoring. The first one was focused on high dynamic range. It is demonstrated its tunable capability for a WDM-PON in-service monitoring. 32 dB on dynamic range and a two-point resolution of 6 m is achieved. The second reflectometer was design to accomplish an ultra high resolution. The monitoring of a short TDM-PON is performed. Moreover, due to its high resolution, a chirped fiber Bragg grating is characterized and a non previous reported phenomena, the bend reflection, is shaped and described. It is demonstrated 3 cm two-point resolution and more than 14 dB on dynamic range.

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Warbuton, Ryan Ellis. "Infrared time-correlated single-photon counting". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2259.

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This Thesis investigates near infrared ( ~ 1550 nm) time-correlated singlephoton counting, studying the single-photon detectors and some of the potential application areas. Custom designed and fabricated InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode detectors were characterised. Our devices yielded single-photon detection efficiencies of ~10 %, timing jitter of 200 ps, and noise equivalent power comparable to the best commercially available avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger-mode. The afterpulsing phenomenon which limits the maximum count rate of InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes has been investigated in detail and activation energies calculated for the traps that cause this problem. This was found to be ~250 meV for all the devices tested, despite their differing structures and growth conditions, and points to the InP multiplication region as the likely location of the traps. Ways of reducing the effects caused by the afterpulsing phenomenon were investigated and sub-Geiger mode operation was studied in detail. This approach enabled freerunning, afterpulsing-free operation at room temperature of an InGaAs/InP singlephoton avalanche diode detector for the first time. Finally, time-of-flight photon counting laser ranging was performed using both singlephoton avalanche diodes and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The use of the latter resulted in a surface to surface depth resolution of 4 mm being achieved at low average laser power at an eye-safe wavelength of 1550 nm.

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Natarajan, Chandra Mouli. "Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for advanced photon-counting applications". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2432.

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The ability to detect infrared photons is increasingly important in many elds of scienti c endeavour, including astronomy, the life sciences and quantum information science. Improvements in detector performance are urgently required. The Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD/SSPD) is an emerging single-photon detector technology o ering broadband sensitivity, negligible dark counts and picosecond timing resolution. SNSPDs have the potential to outperform conventional semiconductor-based photon-counting technologies, provided the di culties of low temperature operation can be overcome. This thesis describes how these important challenges have been addressed, enabling the SNSPDs to be used in new applications. A multichannel SNSPD system based on a closed-cycle refrigerator has been constructed and tested. E cient optical coupling has been achieved via carefully aligned optical bre. Fibre-coupled SNSPDs based on (i) NbN on MgO substrates and (ii) NbTiN on oxidised Si substrates have been studied. The latter give enhanced performance at telecom wavelengths, exploiting the re ection from the Si=SiO2 interface. Currently, the detector system houses four NbTiN SNSPDs with average detection e ciency >20% at 1310 nm wavelength. We have employed SNSPDs in the characterisation of quantum waveguide circuits, opening the pathway to operating this promising platform for optical quantum computing for the first time at telecom wavelengths.

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Dahlman, Nils. "Evaluation of Photon-Counting Spectral Breast Tomosynthesis". Thesis, KTH, Medicinsk avbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32051.

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The superposition of anatomical structures often greatly impedes detectability in conventional mammography. Spectral imaging and tomosynthesis are two promising methods used for suppression of the anatomical background. The aim of this thesis is to compare and evaluate the benefits of tomosynthesis and spectral imaging, both in combination and separately. A computer model for signal and noise transfer in tomosynthesis was developed and combined with an existing model for spectral imaging. Measurements were performed to validate the models. An ideal-observer detectability index incorporating anatomical noise was used as a figure of merit to compare the different modalities. For detection of a contrast-enhanced tumor in a breast with high anatomical background, the optimum performance for spectral tomosynthesis was found at a tomo-angle of 10 degrees. The improvement was in the order of a factor 10 compared to non-energy-resolved tomosynthesis with the same angular extent. This was supported by clinical results.

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Chang, Joshua TsuKang. "Tracking system for photon-counting laser radar". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41260.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107).
The purpose of this thesis is to build the tracking system for a photon-counting laser radar specifically a laser radar that has the ability to perform direct and coherent detection measurement at low signal levels with common laser, optics and detector hardware. The heart of the tracking algorithm is a Kalman filter, and optimal Kalman filter parameters are determined using software simulations. The tracking algorithm was tested against various simulated (software only) and emulated (with actual hardware) trajectories. We also built and tested the real-time tracking system hardware. The algorithms and methods proposed in this thesis achieve the objective of tracking a target at 1,500 km range to within 1-cm accuracy.
by Joshua TsuKang Chang.
M.Eng.

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Pizzone, Andrea. "Advanced photon counting applications with superconducting detectors". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8630/.

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Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) have emerged as mature detection technology that oﬀers superior performance relative to competing infrared photon counting technologies. SNSPDs have the potential to revolutionize a range of advanced infrared photon counting applications, from quantum information science to remote sensing. The scale up to large area SNSPD arrays or cameras consisting of hundreds or thousands of pixels is limited by efficient readout schemes. This thesis gives a full overview of current SNSPD technology, describing design, fabrication, testing and applications. Prototype 4-pixel SNSPD arrays (30 x 30 µm2 and 60 x 60 µm2) were fabricated, tested and time-division multiplexed via a power combiner. In addition, a photon-number resolved code-division multiplexed 4-pixel array was simulated. Finally, a 100 m calibration-free distributed fibre temperature testbed, based on Raman backscattered photons detected by a single pixel fibre-coupled SNSPD housed in a Gifford McMahon cryostat was experimentally demonstrated with a spatial resolution of approximately 83 cm. At present, it is the longest range distributed thermometer based on SNSPD sensing.

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Neimert-Andersson, Thomas. "3D imaging using time-correlated single photon counting". Thesis, Uppsala University, Signals and Systems Group, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121104.

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This project investigates a laser radar system. The system is based on the principles of time-correlated single photon counting, and by measuring the times-of-flight of reflected photons it can find range profiles and perform three-dimensional imaging of scenes. Because of the photon counting technique the resolution and precision that the system can achieve is very high compared to analog systems. These properties make the system interesting for many military applications. For example, the system can be used to interrogate non-cooperative targets at a safe distance in order to gather intelligence. However, signal processing is needed in order to extract the information from the data acquired by the system. This project focuses on the analysis of different signal processing methods.

The Wiener filter and the Richardson-Lucy algorithm are used to deconvolve the data acquired by the photon counting system. In order to find the positions of potential targets different approaches of non-linear least squares methods are tested, as well as a more unconventional method called ESPRIT. The methods are evaluated based on their ability to resolve two targets separated by some known distance and the accuracy with which they calculate the position of a single target, as well as their robustness to noise and their computational burden.

Results show that fitting a curve made of a linear combination of asymmetric super-Gaussians to the data by a method of non-linear least squares manages to accurately resolve targets separated by 1.75 cm, which is the best result of all the methods tested. The accuracy for finding the position of a single target is similar between the methods but ESPRIT has a much faster computation time.

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Ma, Jiaju. "Photon-Counting Jot Devices for Quanta Image Sensor". Thesis, Dartmouth College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10637406.

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The quanta image sensor (QIS) is a third-generation solid-state digital imaging technology. The photoelements, called ?jots,? are specialized to have photon-counting sensitivity at room temperature without using electron avalanche multiplication. A QIS may contain billions of jots operating at 1000fps or higher and by counting every single photon at a high speed, numerous exciting features can be enabled. This novel technology can naturally fit the needs of high-speed and high-resolution accurate photon-counting imaging for scientific imaging, space imaging, security, low-light imaging and other applications. A proof of concept for the jot device was successfully developed and demonstrated in 2015 and 2017. Using the innovative jot structure, sub-0.2e- r.m.s. read noise was demonstrated with a manifestly improved conversion gain at room temperature. For the first time, accurate photon counting was realized with photodetectors fabricated in a standard CMOS process without the use of amplification from electron avalanche multiplication. This thesis covers the development of photon-counting jot devices for the QIS. The design of the jot was one of the most difficult challenges in the implementation of the QIS. These difficulties included the reduction of read noise to enable photon-counting while shrinking the size of the jots and optimizing other specifications that affect the accuracy of photon-counting (dark current, quantum efficiency, etc.). The work presented in this thesis covers all of these topics, while the emphasis is placed on the most challenging hurdle: the reduction of read noise towards the deep sub-electron read noise region to enable photon-counting.

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Michel-Murillo, Raul. "Development of the BIGMIC image photon counting detector". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265337.

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Książki na temat "Photon counting"

Kapusta, Peter, Michael Wahl i Rainer Erdmann, red. Advanced Photon Counting. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15636-1.

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1950-, Becker W., Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., Boston Electronics Corporation i Becker & Hickl., red. Advanced photon counting techniques: 1-3 October, 2006, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2006.

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Hsieh, Scott, i Krzysztof Iniewski, red. Photon Counting Computed Tomography. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26062-9.

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Dandin, Marc, Nicole McFarlane, Md Sakibur Sajal, Fahimeh Dehghandehnavi i Babak Nouri. Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes and Photon Counting Systems. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64334-7.

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Taguchi, Katsuyuki, Ira Blevis i Krzysztof Iniewski. Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography. Redaktorzy Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis i Krzysztof Iniewski. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. | Series: Devices, circuits, & systems: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429486111.

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1952-, Smith Alan, red. Selected papers on photon-counting detectors. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1998.

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Becker, W. Advanced photon counting techniques II: 9-11 September 2007, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Redaktor Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2007.

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Itzler, Mark A. Advanced photon counting techniques IV: 7-8 April 2010, Orlando, Florida, United States. Redaktor SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Itzler, Mark A. Advanced photon counting techniques V: 27-29 April 2011, Orlando, Florida, United States. Redaktor SPIE (Society). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2011.

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Becker, Wolfgang. Advanced Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting Techniques. Redaktorzy A. W. Castleman, J. P. Toennies i W. Zinth. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28882-1.

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Części książek na temat "Photon counting"

Gardiner, Crispin W. "Photon Counting". W Quantum Noise, 232–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09642-0_8.

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Gardiner, Crispin W., i Peter Zoller. "Photon Counting". W Quantum Noise, 230–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04103-1_8.

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Müller, Joachim D., Yan Chen i Enrico Gratton. "Photon Counting Histogram Statistics". W Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 410–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59542-4_20.

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Gethyn Timothy, J. "Photon-Counting Detector Systems". W Instrumentation for Ground-Based Optical Astronomy, 516–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3880-5_50.

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Taguchi, Katsuyuki. "Photon Counting Detector Simulator". W Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 345–52. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. | Series: Devices, circuits, & systems: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429486111-18.

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Dunning, Chelsea A. S., Devon Richtsmeier, Pierre-Antoine Rodesch, Kris Iniewski i Magdalena Bazalova-Carter. "K-Edge Imaging in Spectral Photon-Counting Computed Tomography: A Benchtop System Study". W Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 247–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26062-9_12.

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Hsieh, Scott. "An Overview of CT Reconstruction with Applications to Photon Counting Detectors". W Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 139–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26062-9_7.

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Rodesch, Pierre-Antoine, Niels R. van der Werf, Salim A. Si-Mohamed i Philippe C. Douek. "Coronary Artery Calcifications Assessment with Photon-counting Detector Computed Tomography". W Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 21–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26062-9_2.

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Flohr, Thomas, Martin Petersilka, Andre Henning, Stefan Ulzheimer i Bernhard Schmidt. "Medical Photon-Counting CT: Status and Clinical Applications Review". W Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 3–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26062-9_1.

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Clark, Jennifer A., Krishna M. Chapagain, Maya R. Amma, Mahdieh Moghiseh, Chiara Lowe i Anthony P. H. Butler. "MARS for Orthopaedic Pathology". W Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 39–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26062-9_3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Photon counting"

Ocampo Giraldo, Luis A., Aleksey E. Bolotnikov, Giuseppe S. Camarda, Yonggang Cui, Gianluigi De Geronimo, Rubi Gul, Jack Fried i in. "Achieving subpixel resolution with time-correlated transient signals in pixelated CdZnTe gamma-ray sensors using a focused laser beam (Conference Presentation)". W Photon Counting Applications, redaktorzy Ralph B. James, Ivan Prochazka i Roman Sobolewski. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2264615.

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Ejrnaes, Mikkel, Loredana Parlato, Alessandro Gaggero, Francesco Mattioli, Roberto Leoni, Giampiero Pepe i Roberto Cristiano. "SNSPD with parallel nanowires (Conference Presentation)". W Photon Counting Applications, redaktorzy Ralph B. James, Ivan Prochazka i Roman Sobolewski. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2267490.

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Ram, Rajeev J., Marc de Cea Falco, Emma E. Wollman i Matthew D. Shaw. "Photonic readout of superconducting nanowire single photon counting detectors". W Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XVII, redaktorzy Mark A. Itzler, K. Alex McIntosh i Joshua C. Bienfang. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2663806.

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Laiho, Kaisa, Malte Avenhaus, Katiuscia N. Cassemiro i Christine Silberhorn. "Characterizing Single Photons by Photon Counting". W Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo.2009.jwa87.

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Acconcia, Giulia, Angelo Gulinatti, Massimo Ghioni i Ivan Rech. "High performance single photon counting and timing with single photon avalanche diodes". W Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIII, redaktorzy Mark A. Itzler, K. Alex McIntosh i Joshua C. Bienfang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2518889.

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Braverman, Boris, Nicholas M. Sullivan i Robert W. Boyd. "Photon Counting with an Adaptive Storage Loop". W Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2023.fth3b.3.

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Streszczenie:

Single-photon detectors can be used to resolve photon number by storing the photons in a delay loop. We consider a loop with adaptive, detection-record dependent out-coupling, finding that the dynamic range and effective speed of the detector can be enhanced compared to a purely passive setup.

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Baker, H. D., R. Henderson i Lawrence P. O’keefe. "Photon counting retinal densitometer". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tuu1.

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In vivo measurements of visual pigments have required intense lights for adequate signal-to-noise ratios. Our retinal densitometer has been redesigned as a photon counter to permit measurements at lower light levels. Counting photons, instead of measuring photomultiplier currents, avoids drifts in sensitivity, reduces the effects of accidental high-energy photons, and reduces thermal noise. The system yields digital data directly for computer processing. More significantly, it permits the data to be stored as collected for later processing, allowing flexibility and avoiding information loss due to on-line filtering. Further, there is no subjective tracking of a meter null point. We retain the important feature of continuous comparison of visual test flashes with infrared control flashes along the same optical path. The shutters are redesigned to eliminate polarizers and their leakage and to avoid bias by using the same sectors successively for test and control flashes. Cooling the photomultiplier tube has reduced the dark count from over 40/s at room temperature to <1 at 0°C. Counts from an artificial eye follow Poisson distributions closely. Deviations, with a real eye, are expected to permit identification and reduction of noise from biological sources, allowing pigment measurements at dim levels of brightness.

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Dautet, Henri, Pierre Deschamps, Andrew MacGregor, Robert McIntyre i Claude Trottier. "Photon Counting with Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes". W Photon Correlation and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1992.wa4.

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Within the past few years, avalanche photodiodes (APDs) have been developed with detection efficiencies for single photons as high as 50% and dark count rates in the 104 cps range at room temperature. Besides being extremely small and rugged, these devices have rapid recovery from overloads, wide dynamic ranges, very low after-pulsing, relatively low operating voltages (~200-400V) compared to PMTs, and other properties which make them very suitable for use in photon correlation systems. The purpose of this paper is to review their properties when used in the photon counting mode, to summarize recent progress, and to indicate the types of further improvements that should be possible in the future.

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Verma, Varun B., Adriana E. Lita, Boris A. Korzh, Emma Wollman, Matthew Shaw, Richard P. Mirin i Sae-Woo Nam. "Towards single-photon spectroscopy in the mid-infrared using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors". W Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XIII, redaktorzy Mark A. Itzler, K. Alex McIntosh i Joshua C. Bienfang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2519474.

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Utzat, Hendrik. "New interferometric photon-correlation tools for spectral diffusion measurements of emerging single-photon emitters". W Advanced Photon Counting Techniques XVII, redaktorzy Mark A. Itzler, K. Alex McIntosh i Joshua C. Bienfang. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2664090.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Photon counting"

Redman, brian C., i Barry L. Stann. Photon Counting Chirped Amplitude Modulation Ladar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada478362.

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Casperson, D. Flare star monitoring with a new photon-counting imaging detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/348910.

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Aull, Brian F., Daniel R. Schuette, Robert K. Reich i Robert L. Johnson. Adaptive optics wavefront sensors based on photon-counting detector arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, styczeń 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada523975.

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Wang, Hongyi. Longitudinal Bunch Pattern Measurements through Single Photon Counting at SPEAR3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050212.

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Den Hartog, D. J., i D. E. Ruppert. Photon counting spectroscopy as done with a Thomson scattering diagnostic. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10116227.

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Ullom, J., M. Cunningham, B. Macintosh, T. Miyazaki i S. Labov. ''High-Speed, Photon-Counting Camera for the Detection of Extrasolar Planets''. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003349.

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Laurence, Ted Alfred. Photon-counting single-molecule spectroscopy for studying conformational dynamics and macromolecular interactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813378.

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Cook, Jonathan M., Joseph M. Palmer, Ellen C. S. Rabin, Laura C. Stonehill, David C. Thompson, Stephen R. Whittemore i Mike D. Ulibarri. Seeing in the dark: A photon-counting camera system developed from a crossed-strip detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1055746.

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Cohen, Justin D., Sean M. Meenehan, Gregory S. MacCabe, Simon Groeblacher, Amir H. Safavi-Naeini, Francesco Marsili, Matthew D. Shaw i Oskar Painter. Phonon Counting and Intensity Interferometry of a Nanomechanical Resonator. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613688.

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