Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Photoelectrochemical fuel cell

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Photoelectrochemical fuel cell”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Photoelectrochemical fuel cell"

Zhou, Zhaoyu, Zhongyi Wu, Qunjie Xu i Guohua Zhao. "A solar-charged photoelectrochemical wastewater fuel cell for efficient and sustainable hydrogen production". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, nr 48 (2017): 25450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta08112j.

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Li, Xinyuan, Guowen Wang, Lin Jing, Wei Ni, Huan Yan, Chao Chen i Yi-Ming Yan. "A photoelectrochemical methanol fuel cell based on aligned TiO2 nanorods decorated graphene photoanode". Chemical Communications 52, nr 12 (2016): 2533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc09929c.

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Yan, Yiming, Jianmei Fang, Zhiyu Yang, Jinshuo Qiao, Zhenhua Wang, Qiyao Yu i Kening Sun. "Photoelectrochemical oxidation of glucose for sensing and fuel cell applications". Chemical Communications 49, nr 77 (2013): 8632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cc43189d.

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Hao, Shuai, He Zhang, Xiaoxuan Sun, Junfeng Zhai i Shaojun Dong. "A Photoelectrochemical Fuel Cell Based on a CuO Photocathode for Sustainable Resources Utilization". ChemElectroChem 7, nr 22 (16.11.2020): 4649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.202001309.

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Wang, Yanhu, Lina Zhang, Kang Cui, Caixia Xu, Hao Li, Hong Liu i Jinghua Yu. "Solar driven electrochromic photoelectrochemical fuel cells for simultaneous energy conversion, storage and self-powered sensing". Nanoscale 10, nr 7 (2018): 3421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09275j.

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Shoikhedbrod, Michael. "Use of the Photoelectrolysis of Ordinary Water Powered by the Light Energy for the Non-Stop Operation of the Electric Car Engine". Journal of Electrical Engineering and Electronics Design 1, nr 1 (28.06.2023): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/joeeed.2023.1110-15.

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Today, the non-stop operation of an electric vehicle engine requires continuous charging of the engine's fuel cell with pure hydrogen and oxygen. Pure hydrogen is obtained by various industrial methods, including: steam reforming of methane and natural gas; coal gasification; biotechnology; electrolysis of water, etc. The most effective method for obtaining pure hydrogen and oxygen is the use of photoelectrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte solution in a photoelectrochemical cell. In this method, hydrogen and oxygen are produced in a photoelectrochemical cell from light energy. However, the photoelectrochemical cells used today lose most of the light energy due to the high resistance of the conductive medium between the electrodes, are expensive, have material limitations that significantly reduce their efficiency. The article presents the use of photoelectrolysis of ordinary water, powered by light energy for the non-stop operation of an electric vehicle engine by continuously charging the fuel cell of the engine with hydrogen and oxygen, continuously produced in a specially designed photoelectrolyzer, powered by light energy, at a price below the market and participating in a continuously operating closed cycle: ordinary water tank + photoelectrolyzer: formation of gas bubbles of hydrogen and oxygen in the process of photoelectrolysis of ordinary water + fuel cell charging and electric car engine operation + steam water + ordinary water tank. The developed photoelectrolyzer, in contrast to existing photoelectrochemical cells, has a specially designed electrolysis base, located in the lower part of the photoelectrolyzer, includes a fire hose material membrane, located between a silicon semiconductor with an attached mesh; a burnt graphite cathode and a mechanism for adjusting the gap between the electrodes.

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Gai, Panpan, Shuxia Zhang, Wen Yu, Haiyin Li i Feng Li. "Light-driven self-powered biosensor for ultrasensitive organophosphate pesticide detection via integration of the conjugated polymer-sensitized CdS and enzyme inhibition strategy". Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, nr 42 (2018): 6842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb02286k.

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Gai, Panpan, Xinke Kong, Shuxia Zhang, Panpan Song i Feng Li. "Photo-driven self-powered biosensor for ultrasensitive microRNA detection via DNA conformation-controlled co-sensitization behavior". Chemical Communications 56, nr 52 (2020): 7116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc03039b.

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Zhou, Chunhong, Ruiting Wen, Jiuying Tian i Jusheng Lu. "Isocarbophos determination using a nanozyme-catalytic photoelectrochemical fuel cell-based aptasensor". Microchemical Journal 190 (lipiec 2023): 108662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2023.108662.

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Doukas, Elias, Paraskevi Balta, Dimitrios Raptis, George Avgouropoulos i Panagiotis Lianos. "A Realistic Approach for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production". Materials 11, nr 8 (24.07.2018): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081269.

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The production of hydrogen by water splitting has been a very attractive idea for several decades. However, the energy consumption that is necessary for water oxidation is too high for practical applications. On the contrary, the oxidation of organics is a much easier and less energy-demanding process. In addition, it may be used to consume organic wastes with a double environmental benefit: renewable energy production with environmental remediation. The oxidation of organics in a photoelectrochemical cell, which in that case is also referenced as a photocatalytic fuel cell, has the additional advantage of providing an alternative route for solar energy conversion. With this in mind, the present work describes a realistic choice of materials for the Pt-free photoelectrochemical production of hydrogen, by employing ethanol as a model organic fuel. The photoanode was made of a combination of titania with cadmium sulfide as the photosensitizer in order to enhance visible light absorbance. The cathode electrode was a simple carbon paper. Thus, it is shown that substantial hydrogen can be produced without electrocatalysts by simply exploiting carbon electrodes. Even though an ion transfer membrane was used in order to allow for an oxygen-free cathode environment, the electrolyte was the same in both the anode and cathode compartments. An alkaline electrolyte has been used to allow high hydroxyl concentration, thus facilitating organic fuel (photocatalytic) oxidation. Hydrogen production was then obtained by water reduction at the cathode (counter) electrode.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Photoelectrochemical fuel cell"

Ghamgosar, Pedram. "Advanced Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Harvesting and Solar Fuel Production". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64922.

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Increasing energy consumption and its environmental impacts make it necessary to look for alternative energy sources. Solar energy as huge energy source which is able to cover the terms sustainability is considered as a favorable alternative. Solar cells and solar fuels are two kinds of technologies, which make us able to harness solar energy and convert it to electricity and/or store it chemically. Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have a major role in these devices and optimization of their properties (composition, morphology, dimensions, crystal structure) makes it possible to increase the performance of the devices. The light absorption, charge carriers mobility, the time scale between charge injection, regeneration and recombination processes are some of the properties critical to exploitation of MOSs in solar cells and solar fuel technology. In this thesis, we explore two different systems. The first one is a NiO mesoporous semiconductor photocathode sensitized with a biomimetic Fe-Fe catalyst and a coumarin C343 dye, which was tested in a solar fuel device to produce hydrogen. This system is the first solar fuel device based on a biomimetic Fe-Fe catalyst and it shows a Faradic efficiency of 50% in hydrogen production. Cobalt catalysts have higher Faradic efficiency but their performance due to hydrolysis in low pH condition is limited. The second one is a photoanode based on the nanostructured hematite/magnetite film, which was tested in a photoelectrochemical cell. This hybrid electrode improved the photoactivity of the photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting. The main mechanism for the improvement of the functional properties relies with the role of the magnetite phase, which improves the charge carrier mobility of the composite system, compared to pure hematite, which acts as good light absorber semiconductor. By optimizing the charge separation and mobility of charge carriers of MOSs, they can be a promising active material in solar cells and solar fuel devices due to their abundance, stability, non-toxicity, and low-cost. The future work will be focused on the use of nanostructured MOSs in all-oxide solar cell devices. We have already obtained some preliminary results on 1-dimensional heterojunctions, which we report in Chapter 3.3. While they are not conclusive, they give an idea about the future direction of the present research.

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Sokol, Katarzyna. "Photoelectrochemical tandem cells with enzymes wired to hierarchically-structured electrodes for solar fuel synthesis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289717.

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In photosynthesis, solar energy drives the conversion of CO2 and H2O into chemical energy carriers and building blocks, releasing O2 as a by-product. Artificial photosynthesis attempts to mimic this process to produce a renewable and storable fuel, such as H2. Semi-artificial photosynthesis combines the strengths of natural photosynthesis with synthetic chemistry and materials science to develop model systems that overcome Nature's limitations, such as low-yielding metabolic pathways and non-complementary light absorption by photosystem (PS) I and II. PSII, the first photosynthetic enzyme, is capable of photocatalytic water oxidation, a bottleneck reaction in artificial photosynthesis. The study of PSII in protein film photoelectrochemical (PF-PEC) platforms sheds light into its biological function and provides a blueprint for artificial water-splitting systems. However, the integration of biomolecules into electrodes is often limited by inefficient wiring at the biotic−abiotic interface. In this thesis, a range of tuneable hierarchically-structured electrodes was developed, constituting a versatile platform to accommodate a variety of biotic guests for PF-PEC cells. A new benchmark PSII−electrode system was assembled, that combined the efficient wiring afforded by redox-active polymers with the high loading provided by hierarchically-structured inverse opal indium tin oxide (IO-ITO) electrodes. A fully-integrated host−guest system showed a substantially improved wiring of PSII to the IO-ITO electrode with an Os complex-based and a phenothiazine-based polymer. Subsequently, a bias-free tandem semi-artificial cell was assembled, that wired PSII to hydrogenase for overall solar-driven water splitting. This PEC cell integrated the red and blue light-absorber PSII with a green light-absorbing diketopyrrolopyrrole dye-sensitised TiO2 photoanode enabling complementary panchromatic solar light absorption. Effective electronic communication at the enzyme−material interface was engineered using an Os complex-modified polymer on a hierarchically-structured IO-TiO2. Finally, a semi-artificial tandem device was designed, which performed solar-driven CO2 reduction to formate with formate dehydrogenase by coupling to the PSII−dye photoanode. The system achieved a metabolically-inaccessible pathway of light-driven CO2 fixation to formate and demonstrated a precious metal-free model for solar-driven selective CO2 to formate conversion using water as an electron donor. These semi-artificial platforms demonstrate the translatability and versatility of coupling selective and efficient electrochemical reactions to create challenging models and proof-of- principle devices for solar fuel synthesis. They provide a design protocol for bias-free semi-artificial Z-schemes and an extended toolbox of biotic and abiotic components to reengineer photosynthetic pathways. The assembly strategies presented here may form the basis of all-integrated electrode designs for a wide range of biological and synthetic catalysts.

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Bhandary, Nimai. "Development of nanostructured materials for photoelectrochemical and fuel cell applications". Thesis, 2018. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7751.

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Tsai, Chih-Teng, i 蔡志騰. "Preparation and Characterization of MnO2 Photocatalyst for Bifunctional Photoelectrochemical Fuel Cell". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g4e466.

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碩士
國立東華大學
光電工程學系
100
Hydrogen is now considered as a charming alternative to fossil fuels. Since the environmental degradation problem and increased energy demand while reducing the fossil energy are forcing various countries to take an aggressive stance for environmental friendly alternative power source. In this study, in order to develop the bi-functional photoelectrochemical cell assembly with hydrogen/oxygen generation, we propose to establish the nano-complex photocatalyst process, MEA technology, surface modified technology, and then combine all components in photoelectrochemical cell. In first part, we propose to prepare the nano-complex MnO2 photocatalytic materials with photochemical properties and evaluate the decomposition characteristics of methylene blue in an aqueous solution under visible light irradiation in order to find the optimal prepared conditions. It is indicated that the MnO2 photocatalyst prepared with precursor of MnSO4 and (NH4)2S2O8 contains the of Pyrolusite and Ramsdellite structure. In particular, the vibration mode of the Pyrolusite and Ramsdellite structure are enhanced as precursor concentration decrease from 0.7M to 0.1M. When MnO2 prepared with precursor concentration of 0.1M under annealing temperature of 160oC, it can clearly find the diffraction profile at 2 theta of 28.68o corresponding to the B-MnO2 (110)crystalline phase as compared to the MnO2 with 0.7M prescription prepared. To further evaluate the decomposition characteristics of methylene blue in an aqueous solution under the visible light irradiation, it can be found the significant characteristics of decomposition as the introduction of 0.01g MnO2 photocatalyst. In second part, based on above discussion, the optimal condition is proposed to fabrication and integration for establishing bi-functional photoelectrochemical cell. It is found that the hydrogen generation (2260 umol/hr) of Pt-MnO2/C MEA is larger than Pt-TiO2/C MEA (1840 umol/hr), which can ascribe to the easily CO poisoning effect for Pt-TiO2/C MEA case when electrode working in MeOH environment. For PEM fuel cell test, the MEA without photocatalyst (Pt/C/Nafion 212) have maximum short-circuit current than others, and indicating the optimal hydrophobic properties and mass transfer properties of Pt/C electrode. The maximum output power is 2.2mW/cm2 corresponding to the current density of 11.2 mA/cm2. For photoelectrochemical cell test, the MEA with containing hydrophilicity and high surface energy can provide low mass transfer resistance (e.g. Pt-B-MnO2/C/ Nafion 212 MEA). Under the visible light irradiation, Pt-B-MnO2 /C/ Nafion 212 MEA show the maximum power density of 2.93 mW/cm2 corresponding to the current density of 14.78 mA/cm2.

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"Application and Study of Water Oxidation Catalysts and Molecular Dyes for Solar-Fuel Production". Doctoral diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18771.

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abstract: Developing a system capable of using solar energy to drive the conversion of an abundant and available precursor to fuel would profoundly impact humanity's energy use and thereby the condition of the global ecosystem. Such is the goal of artificial photosynthesis: to convert water to hydrogen using solar radiation as the sole energy input and ideally do so with the use of low cost, abundant materials. Constructing photoelectrochemical cells incorporating photoanodes structurally reminiscent of those used in dye sensitized photovoltaic solar cells presents one approach to establishing an artificial photosynthetic system. The work presented herein describes the production, integration, and study of water oxidation catalysts, molecular dyes, and metal oxide based photoelectrodes carried out in the pursuit of developing solar water splitting systems.
Dissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Chemistry 2013

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TAVELLA, FRANCESCO. "Development of Catalytic Electrodes and Cell Design for Solar Fuel Generation". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3131224.

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The possibility of exploiting solar energy for the direct production of fuels and chemicals (e.g. hydrogen, hydrocarbons, alcohols) represents a future challenge to move towards a new green economy, recently defined as “solar-driven chemistry”. In this view, this PhD thesis focuses on the development of a new approach to convert solar energy, through the synthesis of innovative photoactive materials/electrodes for the production of solar fuels. By assembling these photo-electrodes in a photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell, designed on purpose to mimic what nature does with the leaves, solar energy can be captured and used to produce hydrogen from water (by water photo-electrolysis) or to generate value-added carbon products (by reducing atmospheric CO2) in a one-step process, like an “artificial leaf”. Thus, the main objective of the present PhD work was to develop photocatalytic thin films able to work as photoanodes in efficient PEC devices, especially for the production of hydrogen. The PhD activities were carried out at the laboratory CASPE/INSTM (Laboratory of Catalysis for Sustainable Production and Energy) of the University of Messina. During the three years of activity, all the aspects concerning the performances of the photocatalysts and the related PEC electrodes and cell, have been carefully evaluated. Initially, the research activity focused on the preparation of titania (TiO2) nanotubes synthesized by controlled anodic oxidation technique. The peculiarity of this method is the possibility to “tailor” the morphology and the nanostructure of the catalyst by modulating some parameters during the synthesis (such as the electrolyte composition, the pH, the applied voltage, the anodization time). In general, the use of titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst, despite many advantages (low cost, non-toxicity, resistance to photocorrosion, high quantum yield), has two main drawbacks: i) the low absorption of light in the visible region, due to the high band gap (in the range of 3.0-3.2 eV) and ii) the fast charge recombination, which usually occurs at the grain boundaries of the particles. The latter can be mitigated by the realization of nanostructures such as nanotubes or nanorods, which may improve the vectorial transport of electrons to the collector layer. VI Different characterization techniques (SEM-EDX, TEM, XRD, UV-vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy) were used to investigate the properties of the as-prepared TiO2 nanotube arrays, as well as to evaluate their electrochemical behaviour (Cyclic voltammetry, Chronoamperometry). Part of the characterization by electron microscopy was carried out in collaboration with the Department of Chemical Sciences of the University of Padua. The main aim was to obtain a correlation between synthesis parameters, nanostructure properties and photo-catalytic performances. Moreover, particular attention was given to the evaluation of the efficiency of the PEC cell. To pursue this aim, titania nanotubes of different lengths (from 0.5 to 6 m) were synthesized by varying the anodization time from 30 min to 5 h. A monochromator and a spectroradiometer were used to evaluate the light irradiance at different wavelengths directly inside the PEC device. These measurements allowed for the calculation of different kinds of efficiencies: i) the photoconversion efficiency, also called solar-to-hydrogen efficiency (STH), which takes into account the amount of energy supplied in terms of light and the products obtained (i.e. hydrogen); ii) the Faradaic efficiency (η), which relates the photo-generated current to the produced hydrogen; iii) the quantum efficiency, expressed as IPCE (incident photon to current efficiency) and APCE (absorbed photon to current efficiency). The most important results (reported in detail in Chapter 3) showed that, for use in a PEC cell, the 45- min-anodized nanotube arrays (tube length of about 1 μm) provided the best performance, with a H2 production of 22.4 mol h-1 cm-2 and a STH efficiency as high as 2.5%. These values are among the best ever reported insofar as undoped TiO2 photoanodes are used and in absence of external bias or sacrificial agents. The final part of Chapter 3 was dedicated to the preparation of 3D-type meso/macro porous structured photoanodes based on Ti mesh, working as a hierarchical structure (consisting of Ti mesh macropores and TiO2 nanotube mesopores) to improve the mass and charge transport within the PEC cell. In order to improve the light absorption in the visible region, it is necessary to dope the nanostructured TiO2 materials with heteroatoms or decorate their surface with metal nanoparticles. In this direction, nanoparticles of gold (Au) were deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes by optimizing three different techniques (wet impregnation, photo-reduction and electrodeposition) and their performances were studied by using a gas photo-reactor (GP) VII and a photo-electrochemical (PEC) cell, both homemade. Furthermore, with the aim of exploiting earth-abundant and low-cost materials, photocatalysts based on Cu-doped TiO2 nanotubes were also synthesized and successfully tested in the PEC cell for H2 production in water-photo-electrolysis and ethanol photo-reforming. This part of the work was carried out in collaboration with the Institute of Chemistry in Araraquara (Brazil). The CuO nanoparticles were deposited by adopting two different techniques, dip-coating and electrodeposition. The results (reported in detail in Chapter 4) showed that the presence of small metal (Au and Cu) nanoparticles strongly increased H2 production rate in a gas photo-reactor, with a maximum of about 190 mol in 5 h of light irradiation obtained for Au-doped TiO2 nanotubes prepared by electrodeposition. However, in the PEC cell (with oxidation/reduction half reactions separated in two different chambers of the cell) it was observed that the presence of metal nanoparticles on TiO2 surface at the photo-anode can create a counter-circuited current, diminishing the H2 production at the cathode side. However, this phenomenon was successfully minimized by preparing very small CuO nanoparticles (lower than 2 nm) decorating the internal walls of the TiO2 nanotubes by controlled dip-coating technique. Finally, nanostructured tantalum oxynitride (Ta-oxy-N) electrodes were synthesized through controlled anodic oxidation technique, by adapting the synthesis conditions previously optimized for TiO2. The advantages of these tantalum-based materials refer to their lower band-gap (1.9-2.5 eV) with respect to titania (3.0-3.2 eV), thus improving light absorption in the visible region. After the anodization, a high temperature nitridation process (600-900 °C) was needed to replace partially oxygen with nitrogen in the Ta2O5 lattice. The results (reported in detail in Chapter 5) allowed to obtain a clear correlation between the parameters using during the synthesis (i.e. applied voltage, anodization time) and the Ta-oxy- N nanostructures (nanotube diameter and length, wall thickness and grade of voids). The best photocurrent response was obtained for the Ta-oxy-N sample anodized at 40 V for 1 min and then thermally treated with ammonia at 800°C. However, further investigation is needed to improve the mechanical resistance of these photo-catalysts.

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Części książek na temat "Photoelectrochemical fuel cell"

de la Garza, Linda, Goojin Jeong, Paul A. Liddell, Tadashi Sotomura, Thomas A. Moore, Ana L. Mo i Devens Gust. "Hybrid Photoelectrochemical-Fuel Cell". W Nanotechnology and the Environment, 361–67. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0890.ch049.

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Smith, Wilson A. "Photoelectrochemical Cell Design, Efficiency, Definitions, Standards, and Protocols". W Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production, 163–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29641-8_4.

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Holmes-Gentle, Isaac, Faye Alhersh, Franky Bedoya-Lora i Klaus Hellgardt. "Photoelectrochemical Reaction Engineering for Solar Fuels Production". W Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells, 1–41. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119460008.ch1.

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Coggins, Michael K., i Thomas J. Meyer. "Dye Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells for Making Solar Fuels: From Basic Science to Prototype Devices". W Photoelectrochemical Solar Fuel Production, 513–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29641-8_13.

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Smirnov, V., K. Welter, F. Finger, F. Urbain, J. R. Morante, B. Kaiser i W. Jaegermann. "Implementation of Multijunction Solar Cells in Integrated Devices for the Generation of Solar Fuels". W Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells, 349–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119460008.ch9.

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Dias, Paula, i Adélio Mendes. "Hydrogen Production from Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting". W Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Production, 1003–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7789-5_957.

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Lin, He, i Liang An. "Photoelectrochemical Flow Cells for Solar Fuels and Chemicals". W Flow Cells for Electrochemical Energy Systems, 43–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37271-1_3.

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Ren, Kai, i Yong X. "Advances in Photoelectrochemical Fuel Cell Research". W Small-Scale Energy Harvesting. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50799.

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Kathpalia, Renu, i Anita Kamra Verma. "Artificial Photosynthesis an Alternative Source of Renewable Energy: Potential and Limitations". W Physiology. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111501.

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Artificial photosynthesis system (APS) uses biomimetic systems to duplicate the process of natural photosynthesis that utilizes copious resources of water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy-rich compounds and has potential to be an alternative source of renewable energy. APS like natural photosynthesis includes the splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the reduction of carbon dioxide into various hydrocarbons such as formic acid (HCOOH), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), or even pure hydrogen fuel. These processes are accomplished by a handful of device designs, including photoelectrochemical cells or photovoltaic-coupled electrolyzers which are driven by energy extracted from sunlight photons as well as suitable catalysts. Researchers are trying to combine advantageous components from both natural photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis to create a semi-artificial photosynthesis system, involving the incorporation of enzymes or even whole-cell into synthetic devices. However, there are several limitations to the advancement of this field which are mainly centered on the inability to establish a system that is cost-effective, long-term durable and has the highest efficiency. Artificial photosynthesis devices can also function as atmospheric cleansers by extracting the excess amount of carbon dioxide and releasing back oxygen into the environment. Although there is still a long way to go to empower society with energy supplied through artificial photosynthesis, at the same time it is both desirable and necessary. To date, the efforts to commercialize APS have been fruitful, and it will soon be a viable alternative fuel source.

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Ghosh, Srabanti, i Paramita Hajra. "Metal oxide catalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting". W Metal Oxide-Based Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells, Electrolyzers, and Metal-air Batteries, 105–38. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818496-7.00005-9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Photoelectrochemical fuel cell"

Liu, Xiaolu, Yang Liu, Kai Ren, Paul Lawson, Andrew Moening, Matthew Haubert, Yong X. Gan i in. "Clean Energy Generation by a Nanostructured Biophotofuel Cell". W ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2013-18261.

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In this paper, clean energy generation from hazardous materials by a nanostructured biophotofuel cell was studied. Specifically, electrodeposition of polyaniline on TiO2 nanotube as photoelectrochemical anode for a sodium sulfide fuel cell was performed. The photoelectrochemical response of the TiO2 nanotube capped by polyaniline nanoparticles was studied in UV and visible light illumination using sodium sulfide as the electrolyte. The polyaniline was added onto the top end of the nanotube via electrochemical deposition from 0.1 M aniline (C6H7N) in 1 M HCl solution. Polyaniline nanoparticle/TiO2 nanotube was made into an anode and put into 0.5 M sodium sulfide solution for photoelectrochemical response tests under both visible and ultraviolet light irradiation. The photoelectrochemical anode shows good photo-catalytic property, as evidenced by the open circuit potential changes when the illumination conditions were changed. Its response to ultraviolet light is much stronger than to visible light. It is also found that the higher the temperature of the sodium sulfide solution, the weaker the photo-catalytic response of the anode.

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Goswami, D. Yogi, Samantha T. Mirabal, Nitin Goel i H. A. Ingley. "A Review of Hydrogen Production Technologies". W ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1701.

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This paper describes an overview of the present status of the conventional hydrogen production technologies and some of the recent developments in the production of hydrogen using solar energy resources. It was found that conversion of fossil fuels and biomass, electrolysis of water using solar and wind energy, and direct solar conversion by thermochemical means are some of the most significant methods of H2 production. The technological status and economic analysis for commercial and near commercial technologies using renewable energy sources such as electrolysis using PV and solar thermal power, photochemical and photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, direct thermal decomposition of water, thermochemical cycles, and biological hydrogen production are outlined. Although fossil fuels are currently the least expensive and most widely used sources of hydrogen production, it is argued from an economic analysis that renewable sources of hydrogen are the most promising options for the future. Further, solar hydrogen becomes a storable fuel that is produced from this non-storable and intermittent source of energy.

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Wullenkord, Michael, Christian Jung i Christian Sattler. "Out-of-Lab Solar Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production in the Presence of Methanol Employing the Solar Concentrator SoCRatus". W ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59239.

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Hydrogen production from water via efficient solar based photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical processes could play a major role in the energy regimes of the future. Here, intermittent solar energy is converted into the promising energy vector hydrogen for later carbon free use on demand. Although much effort has been made in the last years photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical systems with acceptable solar-to-hydrogen-efficiency for economic operation could not be introduced, yet. Within the project DuaSol simultaneous hydrogen generation and water treatment in a photoelectrochemical tandem cell is investigated as a potentially economic process. Organic contaminants are oxidised by interaction with photo-generated electron holes at the photoanode. Produced protons approach the photocathode to react with photo-generated electrons to form hydrogen. Experiments with photocatalytic systems employing DLR’s 2-axis tracking modified linear Fresnel solar concentrator SoCRatus (Solar Concentrator with a Rectangular Flat Focus) were carried out in order to set a reference for the further experimental assessment. Diverse photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tin niobate (SnNb2O6) were tested in a planar suspension reactor with two parallel reaction chambers irradiated in the focal plane of the SoCRatus. The evolution of hydrogen was measured and correlated to the overall solar input and to spectral quantities. Three temperature levels, mostly 25°C, 37.5°C, and 50°C, were considered and maintained during the experiments in order to study temperature related effects. Methanol as a sacrificial reagent or rather a model substance for organic contaminants formed part of the suspension with a volume fraction of 10% at 20°C. As expected regarding the band gaps of the considered TiO2 based photocatalysts the hydrogen output is predominately affected by the applied UV portion. The UV fraction of solar light varies significantly in the course of a day and coherently also the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen was generated at rates as high as 7386 μmol/h. Regarding the SnNb2O6 based photocatalysts the generation of hydrogen rather corresponds with the irradiance in the visible range. The solar-to-hydrogen efficiency as well as the photon efficiency in different spectral ranges could be calculated. In addition an extensive analysis of the uncertainty of experimental results was conducted. It could be confirmed that the SoCRatus is an excellent platform for the experimental assessment of photocatalytic / photoelectro-chemical systems under practical conditions.

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Zavahir, Fathima Sifani, Tasneem ElMakki, Mona Gulied, Khulood Logade, Konstantinos Kakosimos i Dong Suk Han. "Sustainable Hybrid System for Simultaneous Desalting of Liquid Fertilizer and Fuel Generation". W Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0032.

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The constant utilization of hydrocarbon-based fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas has resulted in the detection of high concentration levels of sulfur containing gases in the atmosphere of many countries, including Qatar. Among those potential air pollutants, the rising concentrations of H2S and SO2 are of serious concern. In this work, sulfur-based seed solutions (SBSSs) such as sulfite or sulfide solutions are made by purging sulfur-containing gases released from industry into alkaline solutions. These SBSS solutions are simultaneously utilized towards the production of renewable hydrogen energy via a photoelectrochemical (PEC) process, and are used as draw solutions (DS) to produce diluted fertilizer water by a forward osmosis (FO) desalination process for agricultural irrigation purposes. The continuous bench scale of the integrated PEC-FDFO system was successfully demonstrated for simultaneous hydrogen production and dilution of SBSS DS. The experimental results showed that the reduction potential of SBSS DS in the PEC cell changes with variation of SBSS DS concentration and pH. This resulted in the continuous oxidation of sulfite into sulfate and led to more hydrogen production. Moreover, FDFO process exhibited high percentage of water recovery and DS dilution up to 80% and 68% at high SBSS DS concentration, respectively. In binary mixture of SBSS DS, increasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 led to high water flux to about 42%. The outcomes of this experimental study showed a successful practical continuous integrated system toward hydrogen production and fertigation.

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Garland, Roxanne, Sara Dillich, Eric Miller, Kristine Babick i Kenneth Weil. "The U.S. Department of Energy’s Research and Development Portfolio of Hydrogen Production Technologies". W ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54106.

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The goal of the US Department of Energy (DOE) hydrogen production portfolio is to research and develop low-cost, highly efficient and environmentally friendly production technologies based on diverse, domestic resources. The DOE Hydrogen Program integrates basic and applied research, as well as technology development and demonstration, to adequately address a diverse range of technologies and feedstocks. The program encompasses a broad spectrum of coordinated activities within the DOE Offices of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Nuclear Energy (NE), Fossil Energy (FE), and Science (SC). Hydrogen can be produced in small, medium, and larger scale facilities, with small-scale distributed facilities producing from 100 to 1,500 kilograms (kg) of hydrogen per day at fueling stations, and medium-scale (also known as semi-central or city-gate) facilities producing from 1,500 to 50,000 kg per day on the outskirts of cities. The largest central facilities would produce more than 50,000 kg of hydrogen per day. Specific technologies currently under program development for distributed hydrogen production include bio-derived renewable liquids and water electrolysis. Centralized renewable production pathways under development include water electrolysis integrated with renewable power (e.g., wind, solar, hydroelectric, or geothermal), biomass gasification, solar-driven high-temperature thermochemical water splitting, direct photoelectrochemical water splitting, and biological production methods using algal/bacterial processes. To facilitate commercialization of hydrogen production via these various technology pathways in the near and long terms, a “Hydrogen Production Roadmap” has been developed which identifies the key challenges and high-priority research and development needs associated with each technology. The aim is to foster research that will lead to hydrogen production with near-zero net greenhouse gas emissions, using renewable energy sources, nuclear energy, and/or coal (with carbon capture and storage). This paper describes the research and development needs and activities by various DOE offices to address the key challenges in the portfolio of hydrogen production technologies.

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Ruth, Jeremy D., Larry M. Hayes, Daniel Ramirez Martin i Kenan Hatipoglu. "An overview of photoelectrochemical cells (PEC): Mimicking nature to produce hydrogen for fuel cells". W SoutheastCon 2017. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/secon.2017.7925359.

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