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Chuaicham, Chitiphon, Jirawat Trakulmututa, Kaiqian Shu, Sulakshana Shenoy, Assadawoot Srikhaow, Li Zhang, Sathya Mohan, Karthikeyan Sekar i Keiko Sasaki. "Recent Clay-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment". Separations 10, nr 2 (22.01.2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations10020077.
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Photocatalysis is a remarkable methodology that is popular and applied in different interdisciplinary research areas such as the degradation of hazardous organic contaminants in wastewater. In recent years, clay-based photocatalyst composites have attracted significant attention in the field of photocatalysis owing to their abundance, excellent light response ability, and stability. This review describes the combination of clay with focusing photocatalysts such as TiO2, g-C3N4, and Bi-based compounds for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater. Clay-based composites have more active surface sites, resulting in inhibited photocatalyst particle agglomeration. Moreover, clay enhances the creation of active radicals for organic pollutant degradation by separating photogenerated electrons and holes. Thus, the functions of clay in clay-based photocatalysts are not only to act as a template to inhibit the agglomeration of the main photocatalysts but also to suppress charge recombination, which may lengthen the electron–hole pair’s lifespan and boost degrading activity. Moreover, several types of clay-based photocatalysts, such as the clay type and main photocatalyst, were compared to understand the function of clay and the interaction of clay with the main photocatalyst. Thus, this study summarizes the recent clay-based photocatalysts for wastewater remediation and concludes that clay-based photocatalysts have considerable potential for low-cost, solar-powered environmental treatment.
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You, Wei. "Research Progresses and Development Trends of High-Efficacy Photocatalysts". Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (styczeń 2014): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.532.
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Progresses of research on high-efficacy photocatalyst were introduced in this paper. Firstly, efficiency-strengthening methods of TiO2-serie photocatalysts were summarized basing on collected literatures, including photosensitization, alloying, moreover, novel photocatalysis materials and technologies and probable development tendencies in the future were introduced, such as broad-spectrum photocatalysts, broad-energy and energy-sensitive catalysts and high-efficacy controllable high-power photocatalysis materials and equipments.
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Rocha, Rafael Lisandro P., Luzia Maria C. Honorio, Roosevelt Delano de S. Bezerra, Pollyana Trigueiro, Thiago Marinho Duarte, Maria Gardennia Fonseca, Edson C. Silva-Filho i Josy A. Osajima. "Light-Activated Hydroxyapatite Photocatalysts: New Environmentally-Friendly Materials to Mitigate Pollutants". Minerals 12, nr 5 (23.04.2022): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050525.
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This review focuses on a reasoned search for articles to treat contaminated water using hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based compounds. In addition, the fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis were considered, combined with parameters that affect the pollutants’ degradation using hydroxyapatite-based photocatalyst design and strategies of this photocatalyst, and the challenges of and perspectives on the development of these materials. Many critical applications have been analyzed to degrade dyes, drugs, and pesticides using HAp-based photocatalysts. This systematic review highlights the recent state-of-the-art advances that enable new paths and good-quality preparations of HAp-derived photocatalysts for photocatalysis.
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Teye, Godfred Kwesi, Jingyu Huang, Yi Li, Ke Li, Lei Chen i Williams Kweku Darkwah. "Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole, Nitenpyram and Tetracycline by Composites of Core Shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO Defects in Aqueous Phase". Nanomaterials 11, nr 10 (4.10.2021): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102609.
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The synthesis of photocatalysts with high charge separation and transfer efficiency are of immense significance in the process of using photocatalysis technology for wastewater treatment. In this study core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalysts presented an improved morphology in its characterization using techniques such as SEM, DRS, PL, MS, EIS, and XRD, and enhanced photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole, Nitenpyram and Tetracycline. Different composites were obtained as confirmed by the various characterization techniques studied, including core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalyst. The synthesized photocatalysts showed high visible light absorption efficiency within a range of ~655 to 420 nm. Core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalysts demonstrated high photocatalytic activity ascribed to high load separation and transition as shown in PL, Photocurrent reaction and EIS. It is understandable that core shell g-C3N4@ZnO, and ZnO defects photocatalysts have been confirmed to be one of the ultimate promising entrants for photocatalyst scheming.
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Li, Xue, Ulla Simon, Maged F. Bekheet i Aleksander Gurlo. "Mineral-Supported Photocatalysts: A Review of Materials, Mechanisms and Environmental Applications". Energies 15, nr 15 (2.08.2022): 5607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155607.
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Although they are of significant importance for environmental applications, the industrialization of photocatalytic techniques still faces many difficulties, and the most urgent concern is cost control. Natural minerals possess abundant chemical inertia and cost-efficiency, which is suitable for hybridizing with various effective photocatalysts. The use of natural minerals in photocatalytic systems can not only significantly decrease the pure photocatalyst dosage but can also produce a favorable synergistic effect between photocatalyst and mineral substrate. This review article discusses the current progress regarding the use of various mineral classes in photocatalytic applications. Owing to their unique structures, large surface area, and negatively charged surface, silicate minerals could enhance the adsorption capacity, reduce particle aggregation, and promote photogenerated electron-hole pair separation for hybrid photocatalysts. Moreover, controlling the morphology and structure properties of these materials could have a great influence on their light-harvesting ability and photocatalytic activity. Composed of silica and alumina or magnesia, some silicate minerals possess unique orderly organized porous or layered structures, which are proper templates to modify the photocatalyst framework. The non-silicate minerals (referred to carbonate and carbon-based minerals, sulfate, and sulfide minerals and other special minerals) can function not only as catalyst supports but also as photocatalysts after special modification due to their unique chemical formula and impurities. The dye-sensitized minerals, as another natural mineral application in photocatalysis, are proved to be superior photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and wastewater treatment. This work aims to provide a complete research overview of the mineral-supported photocatalysts and summarizes the common synergistic effects between different mineral substrates and photocatalysts as well as to inspire more possibilities for natural mineral application in photocatalysis.
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Prakash, Jai. "Mechanistic Insights into Graphene Oxide Driven Photocatalysis as Co-Catalyst and Sole Catalyst in Degradation of Organic Dye Pollutants". Photochem 2, nr 3 (17.08.2022): 651–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photochem2030043.
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Photocatalysis is a promising route to utilize sunlight, which has been potentially used to solve energy as well as environmental problems with an emphasis on fundamental understanding and technological applications in society. Semiconductors are excellent photocatalysts but often show less efficient activities due to the fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and very slow kinetics of surface photochemical reactions. However, recent advancements show promising strategies to improve their photocatalytic activities, including surface modifications using suitable co-catalysts and the development of novel efficient photocatalysts. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of such nanomaterials which shows multifarious roles in photocatalysis with a great potential to act as an independent solar-driven sole photocatalyst. In this minireview, the photochemistry of GO has been discussed in view of its multifarious roles/mechanisms in improving the photocatalytic activity of metal oxide semiconductors, plasmonic nanomaterials, and also their nanocomposites. In addition, recent advancements and applications of such GO-based photocatalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic dye pollutants, including engineering of GO as the sole photocatalyst, have been discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects for the development of GO-based photocatalysts are discussed.
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Thoda, Olga, Anastasia M. Moschovi, Konstantinos Miltiadis Sakkas, Ekaterini Polyzou i Iakovos Yakoumis. "Highly Active under VIS Light M/TiO2 Photocatalysts Prepared by Single-Step Synthesis". Applied Sciences 13, nr 11 (5.06.2023): 6858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116858.
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A single-step impregnation approach is investigated as a synthetic route for photocatalyst synthesis active under visible light. The as-derived photocatalysts exhibited very high degradation rates towards methylene blue (MB) decolorization under visible light despite the high concentration of the initial MB solution concentration. The TiO2-based photocatalysts were prepared using nitrate precursor compounds for copper and silver; thus, Ag/TiO2 and Cu/TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared. The photocatalyst’s physicochemical properties were determined by XRF, BET, and XRD analysis. The metal nature of the titania substrate, the titania matrix effect, and the metal concentration parameters were studied, while the catalyst concentration in the MB initial solution was optimized.
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Gao, Lan, Elyes Nefzaoui, Frédéric Marty, Mazen Erfan, Stéphane Bastide, Yamin Leprince-Wang i Tarik Bourouina. "TiO2-Coated ZnO Nanowire Arrays: A Photocatalyst with Enhanced Chemical Corrosion Resistance". Catalysts 11, nr 11 (27.10.2021): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11111289.
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Photocatalysis is proven to be the most efficient and environmentally friendly method for the degradation of organic pollutants in water purification. To meet the requirement of large-scale water treatment, there are two important points: One is the lifetime and chemical stability of the photocatalyst material, especially in the complex and harsh aqueous conditions. The other is the ease of synthesis of such photocatalysts with specific nano-morphology. In this work, two common photocatalyst materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), are selected to form more sustainable photocatalysts with high chemical stability. This involves the combination of both TiO2 and ZnO in a two-step simple synthesis method. It appears advantageous to exploit the conformal deposition of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to achieve nanometer-thick TiO2 coating on ZnO nanowires (NWs) with a high aspect ratio, which are firmly anchored to a substrate and exhibit a large specific surface area. The high chemical stability of the ALD TiO2 coating has been investigated in detail and proven to be effective under both strong acid and strong alkaline aqueous solutions. In addition, photocatalysis experiments with organic dyes show that via this simple two-step synthesis method, the produced ZnO/TiO2 tandem photocatalysts does indeed exhibit improved chemical stability in a harsh environment, while allowing efficient photodegradation.
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Singh, Gurpinder, Manpreet Kaur Ubhi, Kiran Jeet, Chetan Singla i Manpreet Kaur. "A Review on Impacting Parameters for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Effluents by Ferrites and Their Nanocomposites". Processes 11, nr 6 (5.06.2023): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061727.
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Traditional wastewater treatment methods, such as reverse osmosis, adsorption, desalination, and others, are outweighed by the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Ferrites are prominent photocatalysts due to their tunable band gaps, surface areas, and magnetic properties, which render photodegradation economical. Ferrites and their nanocomposites have been reported as promising visible light active photocatalysts. The photocatalytic system is heavily reliant on a number of factors that influence the photodegradation of organic effluents. This review demonstrates various parameters such as substrate concentration, pH of solution, photocatalyst quantity, photocatalyst surface area, metal and non-metal ion doping, light intensity, irradiation time, quenchers, etc. affecting the photocatalytic degradation of organic effluents by ferrite nanoparticles and their nanocomposites in detail. The photodegradation efficiency of the ferrite nanoparticles alters with the change in the value of pH of the solution, which further depends upon the nature of the pollutant used. A dose of the substrate and the photocatalyst must be optimized so as to attain better photodegradation efficiency. Photocatalysts with different surface areas change the amount of active sites, which in turn affects the degradation of pollutant and render it a crucial factor. In addition, the mechanism of the action of photocatalysis is elaborated in this review. Future research perspectives for the advancement of ferrites and their nanocomposites are deliberated in order to improve their use as photocatalysts.
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Kudo, Akihiko. "Photocatalysis and solar hydrogen production". Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, nr 11 (1.01.2007): 1917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779111917.
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Photocatalytic water splitting is a challenging reaction because it is an ultimate solution to energy and environmental issues. Recently, many new powdered photocatalysts for water splitting have been developed. For example, a NiO (0.2 wt %)/NaTaO3:La (2 %) photocatalyst with a 4.1-eV band gap showed high activity for water splitting into H2 and O2 with an apparent quantum yield of 56 % at 270 nm. Overall water splitting under visible light irradiation has been achieved by construction of a Z-scheme photocatalysis system employing visible-light-driven photocatalysts, Ru/SrTiO3:Rh and BiVO4 for H2 and O2 evolution, and an Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple as an electron relay. Moreover, highly efficient sulfide photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production in the presence of electron donors were developed by making solid solutions of ZnS with AgInS2 and CuInS2 of narrow band gap semiconductors. Thus, the database of powdered photocatalysts for water splitting has become plentiful.
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Fadlun, Wan. "Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Solar Fuels via Iron-Based Nanocomposite: Strategies to Intensify the Photoactivity". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, nr 2 (1.02.2020): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8789.
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Photocatalysis has been studied over three decades ago as a promising alternative for carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction with the ultimate objective of promoting sustainable keys to address global warming and energy crisis. In particular, photocatalysis offers the reduction of CO2 to renewable hydrocarbon fuels by utilizing limitless sunlight to trigger the reaction. The urgency reducing CO2 to solar fuels have aroused attention towards Fe-based material owing to their abundance, flexible compositional tunability, recyclability, and low cost compared to noble-metal photocatalysts. This review discussed comprehensively the recent evolution on Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction including metallic iron, iron oxide, and ternary iron oxides based photocatalysts. In the mainstream, detailed discussion on the main strategies adopted in the morphology and structure to enhance the photocatalytic performance have been discussed in detail for each type of Fe-based catalysts. The enhancements of Fe-based photocatalyst is analyzed with a view to emphasizing the reaction mechanism and probable pathways for the production of solar fuels. In addition, thermodynamics are discussed critically for selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The existing constrains and guidance for future studies were defined, pledging to develop superior Fe-based photocatalysts for CO2 reduction with better-improved power reduction efficiency and generation rates.
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Gu, Zhanyong, Mengdie Jin, Xin Wang, Ruotong Zhi, Zhenghao Hou, Jing Yang, Hongfang Hao i in. "Recent Advances in g-C3N4-Based Photocatalysts for NOx Removal". Catalysts 13, nr 1 (13.01.2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13010192.
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Nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollutants can cause a series of environmental issues, such as acid rain, ground-level ozone pollution, photochemical smog and global warming. Photocatalysis is supposed to be a promising technology to solve NOx pollution. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a metal-free photocatalyst has attracted much attention since 2009. However, the pristine g-C3N4 suffers from poor response to visible light, rapid charge carrier recombination, small specific surface areas and few active sites, which results in deficient solar light efficiency and unsatisfactory photocatalytic performance. In this review, we summarize and highlight the recent advances in g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic NOx removal. Firstly, we attempt to elucidate the mechanism of the photocatalytic NOx removal process and introduce the metal-free g-C3N4 photocatalyst. Then, different kinds of modification strategies to enhance the photocatalytic NOx removal performance of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we propose the significant challenges and future research topics on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic NOx removal, which should be further investigated and resolved in this interesting research field.
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Li, Bin, Xin Yi Wang i Xiao Gang Yang. "Effect of Mixing Ratio and Doping Acid on the Photocatalytic Properties of PANI-BiVO4 Composites". Key Engineering Materials 727 (styczeń 2017): 866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.727.866.
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BiVO4 photocatalyst prepared by hydrothermal method was mixed with polyaniline (PANI). The phase structure, morphology and optical properties of PANI-BiVO4 photocatalysts were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of composite photocatalyst were 0.5wt.% PANI mixing ratio and H3PO4 as doping acid. The photocatalysis degradation rate is the highest. This new heterogeneous structure photocatalyst is expected to show considerably potential applications in solar-driven environmental pollution cleanup.
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Abed, Jehad, Nitul S. Rajput, Amine El Moutaouakil i Mustapha Jouiad. "Recent Advances in the Design of Plasmonic Au/TiO2 Nanostructures for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting". Nanomaterials 10, nr 11 (15.11.2020): 2260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112260.
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Plasmonic nanostructures have played a key role in extending the activity of photocatalysts to the visible light spectrum, preventing the electron–hole combination and providing with hot electrons to the photocatalysts, a crucial step towards efficient broadband photocatalysis. One plasmonic photocatalyst, Au/TiO2, is of a particular interest because it combines chemical stability, suitable electronic structure, and photoactivity for a wide range of catalytic reactions such as water splitting. In this review, we describe key mechanisms involving plasmonics to enhance photocatalytic properties leading to efficient water splitting such as production and transport of hot electrons through advanced analytical techniques used to probe the photoactivity of plasmonics in engineered Au/TiO2 devices. This work also discusses the emerging strategies to better design plasmonic photocatalysts and understand the underlying mechanisms behind the enhanced photoactivity of plasmon-assisted catalysts.
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Singh, Seema, Aniket Chaki, Devesh Pratap Chand, Avinash Raghuwanshi, Pramod Kumar Singh i Hari Mahalingham. "A novel polystyrene-supported titanium dioxide photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes under UV irradiation". Journal of Chemical Engineering 28, nr 1 (26.02.2014): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18103.
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The commercialization of titanium dioxide-based heterogeneous photocatalysis continues to suffer from various limitations, the major shortcoming being the costly and time consuming post-treatment separation of very fine titanium dioxide particles. In order to eliminate this major hindrance, immobilization of titanium dioxide particles on various substrates continues to be an active area of research. In this work, polystyrene-supported titanium dioxide photocatalyst was prepared using a facile method. The photocatalytic activity of the developed photocatalysts was investigated by photodegradation of aqueous solutions of methylene blue andmethyl orange dyes under UV light for 24 h under non-stirred conditions. The recovery and reuse of the prepared photocatalysts was also investigated. The maximum percentage degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes by the developed photocatalysts was found to be around 60 % and 66 % respectively. The ease of separation after use in addition to a facile, low cost-based method of fabrication and appreciable photocatalytic activity of the developed photocatalyst makes it a promising candidate to be explored further for large scale applications.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18103 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 9-13
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Shanmugaratnam, Sivagowri, Elilan Yogenthiran, Ranjit Koodali, Punniamoorthy Ravirajan, Dhayalan Velauthapillai i Yohi Shivatharsiny. "Recent Progress and Approaches on Transition Metal Chalcogenides for Hydrogen Production". Energies 14, nr 24 (8.12.2021): 8265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248265.
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Development of efficient and affordable photocatalysts is of great significance for energy production and environmental sustainability. Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) with particle sizes in the 1–100 nm have been used for various applications such as photocatalysis, photovoltaic, and energy storage due to their quantum confinement effect, optoelectronic behavior, and their stability. In particular, TMCs and their heterostructures have great potential as an emerging inexpensive and sustainable alternative to metal-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution. Herein, the methods used for the fabrication of TMCs, characterization techniques employed, and the different methods of solar hydrogen production by using different TMCs as photocatalyst are reviewed. This review provides a summary of TMC photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
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Che, Ruijie, Yining Zhu, Biyang Tu, Jiahe Miao, Zhongtian Dong, Mengdi Liu, Yupeng Wang, Jining Li, Shuoping Chen i Fenghe Wang. "A Meta-Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Activity of BiVO4-Based Photocatalysts". Nanomaterials 13, nr 16 (16.08.2023): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13162352.
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With the continuous advancement of global industrialization, a large amount of organic and inorganic pollutants have been discharged into the environment, which is essential for human survival. Consequently, the issue of water environment pollution has become increasingly severe. Photocatalytic technology is widely used to degrade water pollutants due to its strong oxidizing performance and non-polluting characteristics, and BiVO4-based photocatalysts are one of the ideal raw materials for photocatalytic reactions. However, a comprehensive global analysis of the factors influencing the photocatalytic performance of BiVO4-based photocatalysts is currently lacking. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the differences in specific surface area, kinetic constants, and the pollutant degradation performance of BiVO4-based photocatalysts under different preparation and degradation conditions. It was found that under the loading condition, all the performances of the photocatalysts can be attributed to the single BiVO4 photocatalyst. Moreover, loading could lead to an increase in the specific surface area of the material, thereby providing more adsorption sites for photocatalysis and ultimately enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Overall, the construct heterojunction and loaded nanomaterials exhibit a superior performance for BiVO4-based photocatalysts with 136.4% and 90.1% improvement, respectively. Additionally, within a certain range, the photocatalytic performance increases with the reaction time and temperature.
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Feliczak-Guzik, Agnieszka. "Nanomaterials as Photocatalysts—Synthesis and Their Potential Applications". Materials 16, nr 1 (25.12.2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010193.
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Increasing demand for energy and environmental degradation are the most serious problems facing the man. An interesting issue that can contribute to solving these problems is the use of photocatalysis. According to literature, solar energy in the presence of a photocatalyst can effectively (i) be converted into electricity/fuel, (ii) break down chemical and microbial pollutants, and (iii) help water purification. Therefore, the search for new, efficient, and stable photocatalysts with high application potential is a point of great interest. The photocatalysts must be characterized by the ability to absorb radiation from a wide spectral range of light, the appropriate position of the semiconductor energy bands in relation to the redox reaction potentials, and the long diffusion path of charge carriers, besides the thermodynamic, electrochemical, and photoelectrochemical stabilities. Meeting these requirements by semiconductors is very difficult. Therefore, efforts are being made to increase the efficiency of photo processes by changing the electron structure, surface morphology, and crystal structure of semiconductors. This paper reviews the recent literature covering the synthesis and application of nanomaterials in photocatalysis.
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Hu, Xuefeng, Ting Luo, Yuhan Lin i Mina Yang. "Construction of Novel Z-Scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag Composite for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants under Visible Light". Catalysts 12, nr 11 (25.10.2022): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111309.
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As a green and sustainable technology to relieve environmental pollution issues, semiconductor photocatalysis attracted great attention. However, most single-component semiconductors suffer from high carrier recombination rate and low reaction efficiency. Here, we constructed a novel visible-light-driven Z-scheme g-C3N4/AgBr-Ag photocatalyst (noted as CN-AA-0.05) using a hydrothermal method with KBr as the bromine source. The CN-AA-0.05 photocatalyst shows an excellent photocatalytic degradation performance, and a rhodamine B (RhB) degradation ratio of 96.3% in 40 min, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) degradation ratio of 99.2% in 18 min are achieved. Mechanistic studies show that the remarkable performance of CN-AA-0.05 is not only attributed to the enhanced light absorption caused by the Ag SPR effect, but also the efficient charge transfer and separation with Ag nanoparticles as the bridge. Our work provides a reference for the design and construction of efficient visible-light-responsive Z-scheme photocatalysts, and an in-depth understanding into the mechanism of Z-scheme photocatalysts.
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Park, Hyunwoong. "(Invited) A Wired Photosynthesis of Formate from Aqueous CO2 Using Earth Abundant Catalysts". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, nr 31 (13.04.2018): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1834.
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Harnessing and utilizing sunlight at high efficiency have represented an enormous challenge to the achievement of a carbon neutral society over the past four decades. Photocatalysis uniquely mimics natural photosynthesis in terms of light absorption and conversion, as well as storage of the absorbed photon energy into chemical bond energy. Despite this similarity, the development of low cost photocatalysts capable of selectively producing liquid chemicals from CO2 and water with efficiency and durability comparable to those in typical photosynthesis remains a great challenge. Most of the photocatalyst suspension systems produce mixtures of gas and liquid products at poor efficiencies, whereas electrically biased film systems exhibit a near-commercial gas production efficiency, albeit only for disappointingly short periods. Herein, we report the facile, environmentally benign synthesis of CuFeO2 and CuO binary films via electrodeposition, and demonstrate that these binary films produce only liquid formate from aqueous CO2 at ~1% energy efficiency, while driving O2 evolution from water on a wired Pt plate under continuous irradiation of simulated sunlight (AM 1.5G; 100 mW×cm- 2) over 24 h. An as-synthesized photocatalyst film with a three-dimensional, double-layer configuration further shows the continued production of formate for over 17 days. However, the crystalline structure and elemental state of the used photocatalysts undergo gradual chemical reduction. Such a deformation can be thermally healed by recycling the weekly used samples via oxidative annealing. Thus, a single photocatalyst sample produces formate continuously for 35 days. The photocatalyst components (Cu, Fe, and O) are earth-abundant, and the photocatalyst synthesis is straightforward, facile, environmentally benign, reproducible, and scalable. On achieving higher efficiencies in the future, the practical applicability of these photocatalysts will become enormous.
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Porcu, Stefania, Stefania Maloccu, Angela Corona, Moulika Hazra, Tullia Carla David, Daniele Chiriu, Carlo Maria Carbonaro, Enzo Tramontano i Pier Carlo Ricci. "Visible Light-Mediated Inactivation of H1N1 Virus UsingPolymer-Based Heterojunction Photocatalyst". Polymers 15, nr 11 (31.05.2023): 2536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112536.
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It is well known that viruses cannot replicate on their own but only inside the cells of target tissues in the organism, resulting in the destruction of the cells or, in some cases, their transformation into cancer cells. While viruses have relatively low resistance in the environment, their ability to survive longer is based on environmental conditions and the type of substrate on which they are deposited. Recently, the potential for safe and efficient viral inactivation by photocatalysis has garnered increasing attention. In this study, the Phenyl carbon nitride/TiO2 heterojunction system, a hybrid organic–inorganic photocatalyst, was utilized to investigate its effectiveness in degrading the flu virus (H1N1). The system was activated by a white-LED lamp, and the process was tested on MDCK cells infected with the flu virus. The results of the study demonstrate the hybrid photocatalyst’s ability to cause the virus to degrade, highlighting its effectiveness for safe and efficient viral inactivation in the visible light range. Additionally, the study underscores the advantages of using this hybrid photocatalyst over traditional inorganic photocatalysts, which typically only work in the ultraviolet range.
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TekinTekinTekinTekin, Derya. "Production, characterization of Fe3O4@CuO composite photocatalysts and determination of photocatalytic activity on Rhodamine B". Brilliant Engineering 1, nr 4 (19.05.2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/ben.2020.004.005.
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In this study, the hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the Fe3O4 particles and the Fe3O4@CuO composite photocatalyst. The XRD, SEM-EDS, UV-Vis, and VSM analyzes were used for the characterization of the synthesized particles and composites. The photocatalysts were determined to show typical Fe3O4 and CuO properties by XRD analysis which were used to determine the crystal structure of photocatalyst. The SEM analysis was used to investigate the surface morphology of photocatalysts and it was determined that the photocatalysts completed their spherical formation and showed a homogeneous distribution. In addition, the presences of Fe, Cu, and O elements were determined by EDS analysis. The band gap energies of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CuO with UV-Vis measurements were found to be 1.3 and 1.6 eV, respectively. The results of VSM analysis revealed that the Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@CuO photocatalysts showed approximately the superparamagnetic properties. The degradation of Rhodamine B dye on the photocatalysts was investigated in determining the photocatalytic activities of photocatalysts. The Fe3O4@CuO composite photocatalyst showed 76% of dye decomposition.
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Dutta, Vishal, Ankush Chauhan, Ritesh Verma, C. Gopalkrishnan i Van-Huy Nguyen. "Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (11.11.2022): 1316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.109.
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One of the most enticing approaches to environmental restoration and energy conversion is photocatalysis powered by solar light. Traditional photocatalysts have limited practical uses due to inadequate light absorption, charge separation, and unknown reaction mechanisms. Discovering new visible-light photocatalysts and investigating their modification is crucial in photocatalysis. Bi-based photocatalytic nanomaterials have gotten much interest as they exhibit distinctive geometric shapes, flexible electronic structures, and good photocatalytic performance under visible light. They can be employed as stand-alone photocatalysts for pollution control and energy production, but they do not have optimum efficacy. As a result, their photocatalytic effectiveness has been significantly improved in the recent decades. Numerous newly created concepts and methodologies have brought significant progress in defining the fundamental features of photocatalysts, upgrading the photocatalytic ability, and understanding essential reactions of the photocatalytic process. This paper provides insights into the characteristics of Bi-based photocatalysts, making them a promising future nanomaterial for environmental remediation. The current review discusses the fabrication techniques and enhancement in Bi-based semiconductor photocatalysts. Various environmental applications, such as H2 generation and elimination of water pollutants, are also discussed in terms of semiconductor photocatalysis. Future developments will be guided by the uses, issues, and possibilities of Bi-based photocatalysts.
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Wang, Wanting, Yuanting Wu, Long Chen, Chenggang Xu, Changqing Liu i Chengxin Li. "Fabrication of Z-Type TiN@(A,R)TiO2 Plasmonic Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity". Nanomaterials 13, nr 13 (30.06.2023): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131984.
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Plasmonic effect-enhanced Z-type heterojunction photocatalysts comprise a promising solution to the two fundamental problems of current TiO2-based photocatalysis concerning low-charge carrier separation efficiency and low utilization of solar illumination. A plasmonic effect-enhanced TiN@anatase-TiO2/rutile-TiO2 Z-type heterojunction photocatalyst with the strong interface of the N–O chemical bond was synthesized by hydrothermal oxidation of TiN. The prepared photocatalyst shows desirable visible light absorption and good visible-light-photocatalytic activity. The enhancement in photocatalytic activities contribute to the plasma resonance effect of TiN, the N–O bond-connected charge transfer channel at the TiO2/TiN heterointerface, and the synergistically Z-type charge transfer pathway between the anatase TiO2 (A-TiO2) and rutile TiO2 (R-TiO2). The optimization study shows that the catalyst with a weight ratio of A-TiO2/R-TiO2/TiN of approximately 15:1:1 achieved the best visible light photodegradation activity. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of fabricating plasmonic effect-enhanced Z-type heterostructure semiconductor photocatalysts with enhanced visible-light-photocatalytic activities.
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Parida, Vishal Kumar, Suneel Kumar Srivastava, Ashok Kumar Gupta i Akash Rawat. "A review on nanomaterial-based heterogeneous photocatalysts for removal of contaminants from water". Materials Express 13, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2023.2319.
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The rising concentration of pollutants in the environment due to partially treated or untreated wastewater entering the surface waters has seriously challenged the integrity of the ecosystem and the quality of water for human health. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a productive and economical process to degrade recalcitrant pollutants from various water matrices owing to the ineffectual removal of these contaminants by conventional treatment methods. In this regard, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), especially photocatalysis, have gained much attention due to their unique properties, such as low-cost, easy synthesis, and ability to produce reactive radicals under light irradiation with complete mineralization of recalcitrant pollutants. In this review, heterogenous photocatalysts, their fundamental properties, and their working mechanism have been described, along with their applications in the degradation of contaminants in water. Recent progress on pristine and modified nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for the degradation of various pollutants in water has been discussed. In particular, the removal of toxic heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and other miscellaneous contaminants from water using a wide variety of nanomaterial-based heterogeneous photocatalysts has been summarized. The effect of temperature, solution pH, and loading of photocatalysts was found to be the most critical factors influencing the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Subsequently, the photocatalyst immobilization process using various support materials including carbon-based materials, glass, zeolites, and polymers in designing the efficient photocatalysts and future perspectives have been outlined.
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Radetić, Lucija, Jan Marčec, Ivan Brnardić, Tihana Čižmar i Ivana Grčić. "Study of Photocatalytic Oxidation of Micropollutants in Water and Intensification Case Study". Catalysts 12, nr 11 (18.11.2022): 1463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111463.
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During the last decades, heterogenous photocatalysis has shown as the most promising advanced oxidation process for the removal of micropollutants due to degradation rate, sustainability, non-toxicity, and low-cost. Synergistic interaction of light irradiation, photocatalysts, and highly reactive species are used to break down pollutants toward inert products. Even though titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most researched photocatalyst, to overcome shortcomings, various modifications have been made to intensify photocatalytic activity in visible spectra range among which is modification with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Therefore, photocatalytic oxidation and its intensification by photocatalyst’s modification was studied on the example of four micropollutants (diclofenac, DF; imidacloprid, IMI; 1-H benzotriazole, BT; methylene blue, MB) degradation. Compound parabolic collector (CPC) reactor was used as, nowadays, it has been considered the state-of-the-art system due to its usage of both direct and diffuse solar radiation and quantum efficiency. A commercially available TiO2 P25 and nanocomposite of TiO2 and MWCNT were immobilized on a glass fiber mesh by sol-gel method. Full-spectra solar lamps with appropriate UVB and UVA irradiation levels were used in all experiments. Photocatalytic degradation of DF, IMI, BT, and MB by immobilized TiO2 and TiO2/CNT photocatalysts was achieved. Mathematical modelling which included mass transfer and photon absorption was applied and intrinsic reaction rate constants were estimated: kDF=3.56 × 10−10s−1W−0.5m1.5, kIMI=8.90 × 10−11s−1W−0.5m1.5, kBT=1.20 × 10−9s−1W−0.5m1.5, kMB=1.62 × 10−10s−1W−0.5m1.5. Intensification of photocatalysis by TiO2/CNT was observed for DF, IMI, and MB, while that was not the case for BT. The developed model can be effectively applied for different irradiation conditions which makes it extremely versatile and adaptable when predicting the degradation extents throughout the year using sunlight as the energy source at any location.
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Wei, Xiao, Kai-Xue Wang, Xing-Xing Guo i Jie-Sheng Chen. "Single-site photocatalysts with a porous structure". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 468, nr 2143 (7.03.2012): 2099–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2012.0071.
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A photocatalytic reaction involves charge separation and transfer under photo-irradiation, and the photogenerated charge carriers (holes and electrons) are responsible for the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. The active centres in a single-site photocatalyst are the isolated and spatially separated sites that may interact with reactants after photo-irradiation. Generally, single-site photocatalysts perform better than other types of photocatalysts owing to the presence of the efficient active centres. A porous structure can provide more single sites and special passages for charge transport. Thus, the introduction of a porous structure into a photocatalyst may result in markedly enhanced photocatalytic reactivity, providing a promising strategy for the design and fabrication of novel photocatalysts with high performances. In this review, we summarize the developments in single-site photocatalysts, particularly those with a porous structure, such as metal-incorporated zeolites, metal–organic frameworks and porous semiconductor photocatalysts. The synthesis, structures and catalytic performances of these single-site photocatalysts have been described, and characterization and reaction mechanisms for single-site photocatalysts have also been detailed. Finally, we point out the significance of study on single-site photocatalysts with a porous structure.
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Goodarzi, Nahal, Zahra Ashrafi-Peyman, Elahe Khani i Alireza Z. Moshfegh. "Recent Progress on Semiconductor Heterogeneous Photocatalysts in Clean Energy Production and Environmental Remediation". Catalysts 13, nr 7 (14.07.2023): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13071102.
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Semiconductor-based photocatalytic reactions are a practical class of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to address energy scarcity and environmental pollution. By utilizing solar energy as a clean, abundant, and renewable source, this process offers numerous advantages, including high efficiency, eco-friendliness, and low cost. In this review, we present several methods to construct various photocatalyst systems with excellent visible light absorption and efficient charge carrier separation ability through the optimization of materials design and reaction conditions. Then it introduces the fundamentals of photocatalysis in both clean energy generation and environmental remediation. In the other parts, we introduce various approaches to enhance photocatalytic activity by applying different strategies, including semiconductor structure modification (e.g., morphology regulation, co-catalysts decoration, doping, defect engineering, surface sensitization, heterojunction construction) and tuning and optimizing reaction conditions (such as photocatalyst concentration, initial contaminant concentration, pH, reaction temperature, light intensity, charge-carrier scavengers). Then, a comparative study on the photocatalytic performance of the various recently examined photocatalysts applied in both clean energy production and environmental remediation will be discussed. To realize these goals, different photocatalytic reactions including H2 production via water splitting, CO2 reduction to value-added products, dye, and drug photodegradation to lessen toxic chemicals, will be presented. Subsequently, we report dual-functional photocatalysis systems for simultaneous energy production and pollutant photodegradation for efficient reactions. Then, a brief discussion about the industrial and economical applications of photocatalysts is described. The report follows by introducing the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the design and selection of an innovative photocatalyst in energy and environmental issues. Finally, a summary and future research directions toward developing photocatalytic systems with significantly improved efficiency and stability will be provided.
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Yang, Xiaoyong, Deobrat Singh i Rajeev Ahuja. "Recent Advancements and Future Prospects in Ultrathin 2D Semiconductor-Based Photocatalysts for Water Splitting". Catalysts 10, nr 10 (25.09.2020): 1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10101111.
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Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor-mediated photocatalysts have shown their compelling potential and have arguably received tremendous attention in photocatalysis because of their superior thickness-dependent physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties. Although numerous comprehensions about 2D semiconductor photocatalysts have been amassed up to now, low cost efficiency, degradation, kinetics of charge transfer along with recycling are still the big challenges to realize a wide application of 2D semiconductor-based photocatalysis. At present, most photocatalysts still need rare or expensive noble metals to improve the photocatalytic activity, which inhibits their commercial-scale application extremely. Thus, developing less costly, earth-abundant semiconductor-based photocatalysts with efficient conversion of sunlight energy remains the primary challenge. In this review, it begins with a brief description of the general mechanism of overall photocatalytic water splitting. Then a concise overview of different types of 2D semiconductor-mediated photocatalysts is given to figure out the advantages and disadvantages for mentioned semiconductor-based photocatalysis, including the structural property and stability, synthesize method, electrochemical property and optical properties for H2/O2 production half reaction along with overall water splitting. Finally, we conclude this review with a perspective, marked on some remaining challenges and new directions of 2D semiconductor-mediated photocatalysts.
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Hong, Jong-Wook. "Development of Visible-Light-Driven Rh–TiO2–CeO2 Hybrid Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production". Catalysts 11, nr 7 (15.07.2021): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11070848.
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Visible-light-driven hydrogen production through photocatalysis has attracted enormous interest owing to its great potential to address energy and environmental issues. However, photocatalysis possesses several limitations to overcome for practical applications, such as low light absorption efficiency, rapid charge recombination, and poor stability of photocatalysts. Here, the preparation of efficient noble metal–semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production is presented. The prepared ternary Rh–TiO2–CeO2 hybrid photocatalysts exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance toward the hydrogen production reaction compared with their counterparts, ascribed to the synergistic combination of Rh, TiO2, and CeO2.
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Mottola, Stefania, Antonietta Mancuso, Olga Sacco, Vincenzo Vaiano i Iolanda De Marco. "Photocatalytic Systems Based on ZnO Produced by Supercritical Antisolvent for Ceftriaxone Degradation". Catalysts 13, nr 8 (30.07.2023): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13081173.
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Emerging contaminants are a significant issue in the environment. Photocatalysis is proposed as a solution for the degradation of pollutants contained in wastewater. In this work, ZnO-based photocatalysts have been produced and tested for the photocatalytic degradation of an antibiotic; specifically, ceftriaxone has been used as a model contaminant. Moreover, there is particular interest in combining small-size ZnO particles and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), creating a hybrid photocatalyst. Zinc acetate (ZnAc) (subsequently calcinated into ZnO) and β-CD particles with a mean diameter of 0.086 and 0.38 µm, respectively, were obtained using the supercritical antisolvent process (SAS). The produced photocatalysts include combinations of commercial and micronized particles of ZnO and β-CD and commercial and micronized ZnO. All the samples were characterized through UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and the band gap values were calculated. Raman and FT-IR measurements confirmed the presence of ZnO and the existence of functional groups due to the β-cyclodextrin and ZnO combination in the hybrid photocatalysts. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns proved that wurtzite is the main crystalline phase for all hybrid photocatalytic systems. In the photocatalytic degradation tests, it was observed that all the photocatalytic systems exhibited 100% removal efficiency within a few minutes. However, the commercial ZnO/micronized β-CD hybrid system is the photocatalyst that shows the best performance; in fact, when using this hybrid system, ceftriaxone was entirely degraded in 1 min.
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Shen, Yan Qin, i Hai Liang Wu. "The Photo-Catalytic Activity of Cu2+-Doped TiO2 and Applications in the Self-Cleaning Performance of Textile Wall Fabrics". Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (lipiec 2012): 1475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1475.
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TiO2 photocatalyst and copper-doped titania (Cu/TiO2) photocatalyst were prepared and both photocatalysts were used in the self-cleaning finishing of wall fabrics. XRD showed that the nanometer materials and textile wall fabrics were a good combination. By comparing the self-cleaning effects of two kinds of photocatalysts, the results demonstrate that textile wall fabrics finished with Cu2+-doped TiO2 photocatalyst have better self-cleaning effect under visible light.
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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "An overview of the developments of nanotechnology and heterogeneous photocatalysis in the presence of metal nanoparticles". Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, nr 3 (20.09.2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001083.
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In general, nanotechnology can be understood as a technology of design, fabrication and applications of nanostructures and nanomaterials, as well as a fundamental understanding of the physical properties and phenomena of nanomaterials and nanostructures. In recent years the development of industries like textile, leather, paint, food, plastics, and cosmetics is enlarged and these industries are connected with the discarding of a vast number of organic pollutants which are harmful to microbes, aquatic systems, and human health by influencing the different parameters. So the fabrication of those nanomaterials (coupled or doped) to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity and stability. We expect this review to provide a guideline for readers to gain a clear picture of the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts. In this review, starting from the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and the preparation of the photocatalyst, we review the classification of current photocatalysts, preparation methods, a factor that affects photocatalytic reaction, characterization of photocatalysts, and the methods for improving photocatalytic performance. This review also aims to provide basic and comprehensive information on the industrialization of photocatalysis technology.
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Sivaraman, Chandhinipriya, Shankar Vijayalakshmi, Estelle Leonard, Suresh Sagadevan i Ranjitha Jambulingam. "Current Developments in the Effective Removal of Environmental Pollutants through Photocatalytic Degradation Using Nanomaterials". Catalysts 12, nr 5 (17.05.2022): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12050544.
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Photocatalysis plays a prominent role in the protection of the environment from recalcitrant pollutants by reducing hazardous wastes. Among the different methods of choice, photocatalysis mediated through nanomaterials is the most widely used and economical method for removing pollutants from wastewater. Recently, worldwide researchers focused their research on eco-friendly and sustainable environmental aspects. Wastewater contamination is one of the major threats coming from industrial processes, compared to other environmental issues. Much research is concerned with the advanced development of technology for treating wastewater discharged from various industries. Water treatment using photocatalysis is prominent because of its degradation capacity to convert pollutants into non-toxic biodegradable products. Photocatalysts are cheap, and are now emerging slowly in the research field. This review paper elaborates in detail on the metal oxides used as a nano photocatalysts in the various type of pollutant degradation. The progress of research into metal oxide nanoparticles, and their application as photocatalysts in organic pollutant degradation, were highlighted. As a final consideration, the challenges and future perspectives of photocatalysts were analyzed. The application of nano-based materials can be a new horizon in the use of photocatalysts in the near future for organic pollutant degradation.
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Young, C., T. M. Lim, K. Chiang i R. Amal. "Photocatalytic degradation of toluene by platinized titanium dioxide photocatalysts". Water Science and Technology 50, nr 4 (1.08.2004): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0276.
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A photoreactor has been set up to study the photodegradation of volatile organic compound (VOC) in situ. In the reactor, TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 photocatalysts were immobilized on to UV-transparent quartz support. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements revealed that the quartz fiber support was mostly coated with catalyst with a total surface area of 4.0 ± 0.3 m2/g. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated for the photodegradation of 160 ppm toluene-laden air. It was found that 50-70% of toluene was degraded within the first 5 min of UV illumination. Both TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 photocatalysts suffered from deactivation after 18 hours of continuous operation, and the photocatalysts' activity was significantly reduced. However, platinization doubled the photocatalyst life and delayed the onset of de-activation. The presence of moisture was found to shift the onset of catalyst de-activation to an earlier time. It is concluded that the de-activation of the photocatalyst was due to the accumulation of intermediates on the photocatalysts surface preventing the toluene being adsorbed on the photocatalyst surface for degradation.
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Hussien, Mai S. A., Abdelfatteh Bouzidi, Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh, Ibrahim S. Yahia, Heba Y. Zahran, Mohamed Sh Abdel-wahab, Walaa Alharbi, Nasser S. Awwad i Medhat A. Ibrahim. "Fabrication and Characterization of Highly Efficient As-Synthesized WO3/Graphitic-C3N4 Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Compounds". Materials 15, nr 7 (28.03.2022): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072482.
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The incorporation of tungsten trioxide (WO3) by various concentrations of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was successfully studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Diffused Reflectance UV-Vis techniques were applied to investigate morphological and microstructure analysis, diffused reflectance optical properties, and photocatalysis measurements of WO3/g-C3N4 photocatalyst composite organic compounds. The photocatalytic activity of incorporating WO3 into g-C3N4 composite organic compounds was evaluated by the photodegradation of both Methylene Blue (MB) dye and phenol under visible-light irradiation. Due to the high purity of the studied heterojunction composite series, no observed diffraction peaks appeared when incorporating WO3 into g-C3N4 composite organic compounds. The particle size of the prepared composite organic compound photocatalysts revealed no evident influence through the increase in WO3 atoms from the SEM characteristic. The direct and indirect bandgap were recorded for different mole ratios of WO3/g-C3N4, and indicated no apparent impact on bandgap energy with increasing WO3 content in the composite photocatalyst. The composite photocatalysts’ properties better understand their photocatalytic activity degradations. The pseudo-first-order reaction constants (K) can be calculated by examining the kinetic photocatalytic activity.
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Mohd Yusop, Nurida, Oh Pei Ching, Suriati Sufian i Masniroszaime M. Zain. "Enhanced Effect of Metal Sulfide Doping (MgS-TiO2) Nanostructure Catalyst on Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Methanol". Sustainability 15, nr 13 (1.07.2023): 10415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310415.
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The conversion of CO2 gas from the global emission to methanol can be a route to look at in addressing greenhouse gas (GHG) issues. Photocatalysis has been attracting attention in the conversion of CO2 to methanol, as it is seen to be one of the most viable, economic, and sustainable strategies. The biggest hindrance to the use of metal oxide photocatalysts was the poisoning by sulfur content in the CO2 gas feedstock. Therefore, in the development of photocatalysts using metal oxide-based additives, the metal needs to be in the form of metal sulfides to avoid catalyst poisoning due to the presence of H2S. The magnesium sulfide-based TiO2 (MgS-TiO2) photocatalyst has not been synthesized and studied for its photocatalytic potential. In this study, a novel MgS-TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized using a combination of wet impregnation and hydrothermal method and characterized to determine the physical and chemical properties of the photocatalyst. Characterization results have shown the presence of MgS on the native TiO2 photocatalyst. The optimization of MgS-TiO2 formulation was conducted, wherein the MgS and TiO2 ratio of 0.5 wt % has been shown to give the highest methanol yield of 229.1 μmol/g·h. The photocatalytic parameter optimization results showed that temperature and catalyst loading were the most important factors that impacted the photocatalytic process. In contrast, reaction time had the least significant effect on the CO2 photocatalytic reduction to methanol. This concludes that the MgS-TiO2 photocatalyst has potential and can be used for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol.
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Tigabu Bekele, Mekonnen. "Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of selected transition metal nanoparticles: review". Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, nr 3 (29.09.2022): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001084.
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Photocatalysis has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its potential in solving energy and environmental issues. Efficient light absorption and charge separation are two of the key factors for the exploration of high-performance photocatalytic systems, which are generally difficult to obtain from a single photocatalyst. The combination of various materials to form heterojunctions provides an effective way to better harvest solar energy and facilitate charge separation and transfer, thus enhancing photocatalytic activity and stability. This review concisely summarizes the recent development of visible light responsive heterojunctions, including the preparation and performance of semiconductor/semiconductor junctions and semiconductor/metal junctions and their mechanism for enhancing light harvesting and charge separation/transfer. In this regard, this review presents some unitary, binary and ternary CeO2 photocatalysts used for the degradation of organic pollutants. We expect this review to provide the type of guidelines for readers to gain a clear picture of nanotechnology and the fabrication and application of different types of heterostructured photocatalysts.
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Yu, Yichang, Ziyuyang Zheng, Weiling Liao, Yuan Yao, Feng Peng, Tingting Chen, Jin Wu i Li Feng. "Fabrication of N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots/BiOI Nanocomposite and Its Efficient Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible-Light Irradiation". Nano LIFE 11, nr 03 (25.08.2021): 2150003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984421500033.
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A novel spherical N-CQDs/BiOI photocatalyst was successfully synthesized through a facile solvothermal method. The optimization experiments of hydrothermal time and temperature were carried out. The effect of ammonium citrate addition was investigated. The as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized via X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and elemental analysis. The adsorption and photocatalytic performance of as-synthesized photocatalysts were studied, 0.2N-CQDs/BiOI showed the best performance. For the removal of anionic dye RhB, adsorption occupied a major position. The maximum adsorption capacity was 97.09[Formula: see text]mg/g for RhB. For the removal of cationic dyes X3B, photocatalysis occupied a major position. The photocatalytic activity of 0.2N-CQDs/BiOI was superior to that of nano-TiO2 under the simulate sunlight irradiation. Different scavengers were used to analyze the effect of active species and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of X3B. The outstanding stability and performance make 0.2N-CQDs/BiOI has highly potential applications in wastewater treatment.
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LI, HUIHUI, SHU YIN, YUHUA WANG i TSUGIO SATO. "CURRENT PROGRESS ON PERSISTENT FLUORESCENCE-ASSISTED COMPOSITE PHOTOCATALYSTS". Functional Materials Letters 06, nr 06 (27.11.2013): 1330005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713300053.
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Long afterglow phosphors-assisted novel photocatalysts appear to be a series of promising functional materials, which have high utilization efficiency of solar light in practical application of environmental purifications. In this review paper, the recent progress on fluorescence-assisted composite type photocatalysts includes TiO 2-based and Ag 3 PO 4-based fluorescence photocatalyst composites with full-time active photocatalytic properties is reviewed. This fundamental understanding shows that excellent visible light induced photocatalysts coupled with an appropriate amount of long afterglow phosphors could continuously degrade pollutants in air and solution not only under light irradiation, but also after turning off the lamp irradiation for several hours, indicating the possibility of a full-time-active highly efficient photocatalysts system. A promising strategy involving coupling of a highly efficient visible light responsive photocatalyst with an appropriate long afterglow phosphor might be established.
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Alalm, Mohamed Gar, Ridha Djellabi, Daniela Meroni, Carlo Pirola, Claudia Letizia Bianchi i Daria Camilla Boffito. "Toward Scaling-Up Photocatalytic Process for Multiphase Environmental Applications". Catalysts 11, nr 5 (28.04.2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11050562.
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Recently, we have witnessed a booming development of composites and multi-dopant metal oxides to be employed as novel photocatalysts. Yet the practical application of photocatalysis for environmental purposes is still elusive. Concerns about the unknown fate and toxicity of nanoparticles, unsatisfactory performance in real conditions, mass transfer limitations and durability issues have so far discouraged investments in full-scale applications of photocatalysis. Herein, we provide a critical overview of the main challenges that are limiting large-scale application of photocatalysis in air and water/wastewater purification. We then discuss the main approaches reported in the literature to tackle these shortcomings, such as the design of photocatalytic reactors that retain the photocatalyst, the study of degradation of micropollutants in different water matrices, and the development of gas-phase reactors with optimized contact time and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide a critical analysis of research–practice gaps such as treatment of real water and air samples, degradation of pollutants with actual environmental concentrations, photocatalyst deactivation, and cost and environmental life-cycle assessment.
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Wang, Shifa, Xinmiao Yu, Huajing Gao i Xiangyu Chen. "Hexagonal Ferrite MFe12O19 (M=Sr, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb) Based Photocatalysts: Photoluminescence, Photocatalysis and Applications". Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology 10 (31.12.2022): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8741.2022.10.06.
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Hexagonal ferrite (MFe12O19, M=Sr, Ba, Cu, Ni, Pb) is a kind of semiconductor material with excellent performance and an important magnetic material, with high chemical and thermal stability, low cost, simple preparation process, excellent optical, magnetic, wave-absorbing, dielectric, photoluminescence properties and catalytic activities have been widely used in broadcast communication, information storage, aerospace, automatic control, catalytic synthesis, medicine and biology and many other fields. This paper focuses on the application of MFe12O19-based ferrite in the field of photocatalysis, and further discusses the effect of preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts. The application of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts in the degradation of dyes, drugs and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was deeply revealed, and the photocatalytic mechanisms of single-phase MFe12O19, ion-doped MFe12O19 and MFe12O19-based composite photocatalysts were also explored. The relationship between photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence properties of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts have also been investigated. This review points out the direction for further research on the application of MFe12O19-based photocatalysts in the field of photocatalysis.
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Fernández-Catalá, Javier, Rossella Greco, Miriam Navlani-García, Wei Cao, Ángel Berenguer-Murcia i Diego Cazorla-Amorós. "g-C3N4-Based Direct Z-Scheme Photocatalysts for Environmental Applications". Catalysts 12, nr 10 (28.09.2022): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12101137.
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Photocatalysis represents a promising technology that might alleviate the current environmental crisis. One of the most representative photocatalysts is graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) due to its stability, cost-effectiveness, facile synthesis procedure, and absorption properties in visible light. Nevertheless, pristine g-C3N4 still exhibits low photoactivity due to the rapid recombination of photo-induced electron-hole (e−-h+) pairs. To solve this drawback, Z-scheme photocatalysts based on g-C3N4 are superior alternatives since these systems present the same band configuration but follow a different charge carrier recombination mechanism. To contextualize the topic, the main drawbacks of using g-C3N4 as a photocatalyst in environmental applications are mentioned in this review. Then, the basic concepts of the Z-scheme and the synthesis and characterization of the Z-scheme based on g-C3N4 are addressed to obtain novel systems with suitable photocatalytic activity in environmental applications (pollutant abatement, H2 production, and CO2 reduction). Focusing on the applications of the Z-scheme based on g-C3N4, the most representative examples of these systems are referred to, analyzed, and commented on in the main text. To conclude this review, an outlook of the future challenges and prospects of g-C3N4-based Z-scheme photocatalysts is addressed.
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Kingsly Tian Chee Cheah i Jing Yao Sum. "Synthesis and evaluation of Fe-doped zinc oxide photocatalyst for methylene blue and congo red removal". Progress in Energy and Environment 22, nr 1 (21.11.2022): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/progee.22.1.1328.
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Zinc oxide is one of the most common photocatalysts utilized for the photocatalytic degradation of synthetic dyes aside from titanium dioxide. However, the application of ZnO in the treatment of wastewater containing synthetic dyes is limited due to the high energy band gap which allows ZnO to be efficient upon irradiation with ultraviolet radiation only. This study aims to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the zinc oxide photocatalyst and its derivatives, specifically 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(II)-doped ZnO, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5 and 5 mol% Fe(III)-doped ZnO and 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO. The performance of the photocatalysts was evaluated based on the effect of solution pH, effect of photocatalyst loading and nature of dye. The synthesis of photocatalysts were done using sol-gel synthesis method, and photodegradation tests were carried out under visible light exposure for 60 minutes. The photocatalysts were characterized with SEM, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The optical characterization results show that 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO has the lowest band gap energy of 3.401 eV which was estimated using Tauc’s plot. This further validated the degradation performance of the 2.5 mol% Fe(II)-Fe(III)-doped ZnO photocatalyst where it displayed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiencies at all pH and photocatalyst loading. The highest degradation achieved using methylene blue was 94.21% and 32.97% using congo red as model solute at optimum pH and 300 mg/L photocatalyst loading. In overall, the present study has proven that Fe-doped photocatalysts have the potential for the degradation of various synthetic dyes upon irradiation with visible light.
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Kobayashi, Kanta, Takashi Hisatomi, Huihui Li i Kazunari Domen. "Photodeposition of Fe-Based Cocatalysts Capable of Effectively Promoting the Oxygen Evolution Activity of BaTaO2N". Catalysts 13, nr 2 (8.02.2023): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020373.
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Activation of narrow bandgap photocatalysts is a prerequisite for the efficient production of renewable hydrogen from water using sunlight. Loading of dual cocatalysts intended to promote reduction and oxidation reactions by photodeposition is known to greatly enhance the water splitting activity of certain oxide photocatalysts. However, it is difficult to photodeposit oxygen evolution cocatalysts onto narrow bandgap oxynitride photocatalysts because the driving forces for the necessary oxidation reactions are weak. The present work demonstrates oxidative photodeposition of the Fe-based cocatalyst FeOx onto a Mg-doped BaTaO2N photocatalyst having an absorption edge wavelength of 620 nm. This modification enhances the oxygen evolution activity of the photocatalyst more effectively than conventional impregnation methods. The rapid removal of photoexcited electrons from the photocatalyst by a reduction cocatalyst (Pt) and an electron acceptor (molecular oxygen) are evidently necessary for the photodeposition of the FeOx cocatalyst. A Mg-doped BaTaO2N photocatalyst coloaded with Pt and FeOx exhibits an apparent quantum yield of 1.2% at 420 nm during the oxygen evolution reaction in an aqueous AgNO3 solution. This photodeposition procedure does not involve any heat treatment and so provides new opportunities for the design and construction of oxygen evolution sites on narrow-bandgap non-oxide photocatalysts that may be prone to thermal decomposition.
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Díaz, Carlos, Marjorie Segovia i Maria Luisa Valenzuela. "Solid State Nanostructured Metal Oxides as Photocatalysts and Their Application in Pollutant Degradation: A Review". Photochem 2, nr 3 (5.08.2022): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photochem2030041.
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Most dyes used in various industries are toxic and carcinogenic, thus posing a serious hazard to humans as well as to the marine ecosystem. Therefore, the impact of dyes released into the environment has been studied extensively in the last few years. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has proved to be an efficient tool for degrading both atmospheric and aquatic organic contaminants. It uses the sunlight in the presence of a semiconductor photocatalyst to accelerate the remediation of environmental contaminants and the destruction of highly toxic molecules. To date, photocatalysis has been considered one of the most appealing options for wastewater treatment due to its great potential and high efficiency by using sunlight to remove organic pollutants and harmful bacteria with the aid of a solid photocatalyst. Among the photocatalysts currently used, nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors have been among the most effective. This review paper presents an overview of the recent research improvements on the degradation of dyes by using nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors obtained by a solid-state method. Metal oxides obtained by this method exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency than nanostructured metal oxides obtained using other solution methods in several cases. The present review discusses examples of various nanostructured transition metal oxides—such as TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO, ReO3, IrO2, Rh2O3, Rh/RhO2, and the actinide ThO2—used as photocatalysts on methylene blue. It was found that photocatalytic efficiency depends not only on the bandgap of the metal oxide but also on its morphology. Porous nanostructured metal oxides tend to present higher photocatalytic efficiency than metal oxides with a similar band gap.
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Yu, Haidong, Haibing Jiang, Shuji Zhang, Xin Feng, Song Yin i Wenzhi Zhao. "Review of Two-Dimensional MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) Materials in Photocatalytic Applications". Processes 11, nr 5 (6.05.2023): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051413.
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MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) have gotten a lot of interest since their discovery in 2011 because of their distinctive two-dimensional layered structure, high conductivity, and rich surface functional groups. According to the findings, MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) may block photogenerated electron-hole recombination in the photocatalytic system and offer many activation reaction sites, enhancing the photocatalytic performance and demonstrating tremendous promise in the field of photocatalysis. This review discusses current Ti3C2Tx-based photocatalyst preparation techniques, such as ultrasonic mixing, electrostatic self-assembly, hydrothermal preparation, and calcination techniques. We also summarised the advancements in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, photocatalytic nitrogen fixation, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and Ti3C2Tx-based photocatalysts in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of Ti3C2Tx in photocatalysis are discussed based on the practical application of Ti3C2Tx.
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Tapia-Tlatelpa, Tecilli, Jose Trull i Luis Romeral. "In situ Decolorization Monitoring of Textile Dyes for an Optimized UV-LED/TiO2 Reactor". Catalysts 9, nr 8 (6.08.2019): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9080669.
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Heterogeneous photocatalysis, using photocatalysts in suspension to eliminate diverse contaminants, including textile wastewater, has several advantages. Nevertheless, current absorbance and decolorization measurements imply sample acquisition by extraction at a fixed rate with consequent photocatalyst removal. This study presents online monitoring for the decolorization of six azo dyes, Orange PX-2R (OP2), Remazol Black B133 (RB), Procion Crimson H-EXL (PC), Procion Navy H-EXL (PN), Procion Blue H-EXL (PB), and Procion Yellow H-EXL (PY), analyzing the spectrum measured in situ by using the light scattering provided by the photocatalyst in suspension. The results obtained have corroborated the feasibility of obtaining absorbance and decolorization measurements, avoiding disturbances in the process due to a decrease in the volume in the reactor.
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Li, Wen-Juan, De-Fen Kong, Kai-Yue Li, Ting-Jiang Yan i De-Sheng Kong. "Synthesis of Molecular Imprinted BiVO4 with Enhanced Adsorption and Photocatalytic Properties Towards Target Contaminants". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, nr 9 (1.09.2021): 4705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19144.
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Selective photocatalysis is a very promising direction to improve the activities of photocatalysts. Combining the technique of molecular imprinting (MIP) with heterogeneous photocatalysis can be an appealing approach to achieve our aim. Herein, using the MIP technique, the monoclinic MIP-BiVO4 was successfully synthesized by the presence of rhodamine B (RhB) during the hydrothermal synthesis. The synthesized MIP-BiVO4 possessed better adsorptive and photocatalytic activities than pristine BiVO4. RhB added in the synthesis process worked as a template and served a crucial role in the formation of the MIP-BiVO4 morphology. The photoelectrochemical analysis verified the superiority of MIP-BiVO4 sample in the transfer and separation of the electron–hole pairs. Holes played the most crucial role in the degradation of the pollutants. The effective approach combining MIP technique in the synthesis of photocatalysts would provide some guidance to selective photocatalysis field for designing and synthesizing highly efficient photocatalysts.
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Kahng, Soojin, i Jung Hyeun Kim. "Manufacturing CuxZn1-xS Photocatalysts and Their Solar H2 Production Characteristics with Varying Cu Content". Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, nr 12 (5.12.2020): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.12.907.
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Solar water splitting is an attractive method for producing hydrogen from renewable natural resources, and heterostructure photocatalysts have been widely investigated for photocatalytic applications. Hetero-component photocatalysts can reduce the charge recombination process by improving electron utilization, and are considered promising candidates for solar water splitting. Amongst various heterostructure systems, combinations of copper and zinc have been advantageous for constructing efficient band potential energy systems. In this work, CuxZn1-xS composite photocatalysts were solvothermally prepared with various copper contents. The morphology of the CuxZn1-xS photocatalysts was examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the crystalline structures were established with an X-ray diffractometer. Atomic analyses of the surface components of the photocatalysts were performed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy were also used to examine the efficiency of the photocatalysts’ light responses. Brunauer Emmett Teller analyses were employed to characterize the surface area and pore volume of the photocatalysts. Among the various CuxZn1-xS compositions, the highest H2 production rate was determined to be 1122 µmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> from the Cu0.03Zn0.97S photocatalyst. This highest H2 production rate is strongly related to the observed efficient light absorption, and its influence on charge generation. The improvement is mainly attributed to the optimized charge separation and utilization, high visible light absorption, and high surface area of the photocatalyst.