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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Phosphoric sludges"
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Khassenov, A. K., U. B. Nussupbekov, D. Zh Karabekova, S. S. Kassymov, M. M. Bolatbekova i M. Stoev. "Investigation of the effect of electro-hydraulic pulses on the combustion process of phosphorus sludge". Bulletin of the Karaganda University. "Physics" Series 100, nr 4 (30.12.2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020ph4/71-77.
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The article considers the influence of electro-hydraulic pulses on the combustion of phosphorus sludge. Electric discharges in the environment of phosphorus sludge are sources of shock waves, which destroying the structure of phosphorus sludge and contribute to the intensification of the combustion process. A distinctive feature of the electro-hydraulic effect is the ability to control the parameters of pressure waves over a fairly wide range using the characteristics of the electric discharge circuit. For determine the optimal productivity and purity of the final product of the electric discharge unit’s operation mode, experiments were conducted on the effect of the discharge energy on the efficiency of the electric discharge method for extracting phosphorus from phosphorus sludge. The efficiency of the electric discharge process was estimated by the amount of phosphorus that was released after settling and expressed as a percentage of the total amount of phosphorus in a phosphorus sludge’s portion. The experiments were conducted out for sludges of different structures, with different phosphorus content and were conditionally divided into three groups: “rich” with phosphorus content — 70 %, “medium” — 50 % and “poor” — phosphorus content — 30 %.
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Fukase, T., M. Shibata i Y. Miyaji. "The Role of an Anaerobic Stage on Biological Phosphorus Removal". Water Science and Technology 17, nr 2-3 (1.02.1985): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1985.0120.
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A detailed study was conducted on biological removal of phosphorus by an activated sludge process composed of an anaerobic stage followed by an aerobic stage in order to clarify the role of the anaerobic stage of the process. Two distinctive sludges, one contained approximately 10 percent phosphorus, most of which existed in the form of polyphosphates, and the other contained 1.9 percent phosphorus, were obtained by changing BOD concentration of influent and hydraulic detention time of the process. Although the polyphosphate-containing sludge released phosphorus in proportion to the absorbed BOD at anaerobic conditions, the sludge which did not contain polyphosphates also absorbed an equal amount of BOD at the identical rate without any external sources of oxygen. Both sludges accumulated identical levels of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate within the sludges as the BOD sources were absorbed. These results suggest that the polyphosphate-containing sludges have no advantage over the sludges with no polyphosphates when they uptake BOD in the anaerobic stage.
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Erdincler, A., i L. D. Seyhan. "Agricultural use of municipal wastewater sludges: phosphorus availability of biological excess phosphorus removal sludges". Water Science and Technology 54, nr 5 (1.09.2006): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.555.
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Reuse of sewage sludges as phosphorus fertiliser requires the estimation of the plant availabilities of phosphorus (P) from different sludges. This study investigates the effect of lime stabilisation on the phosphorus availability from biological phosphorus removal sludges. In the first part of the study, pot experiments were carried out to assess the fertilising effect of a dewatered biological phosphorus removal sludge. Availability of P was determined in terms of plant-uptake. In the second part of the study, incubation tests were carried out to observe the change in the available P with time when the waste activated sludge (WAS) from an enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process is mixed with the same soil. In this part, the plant available P was measured in terms of Olsen extractable P. A P-deficient, alkaline soil was used in the experiments and Lollium Perenne was selected as the testing plant. The results of the pot experiments revealed that lime-stabilisation of the sludge considerably decreased or retarded the availability of P in the sludge. In the incubation tests, the availability of phosphorus in the lime stabilised and non-stabilised sludge amended soil samples was close to each other. In general, P-availability was increased due to the sludge application except for the lime-stabilised dewatered sludge.
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Bond, Philip L., Jürg Keller i Linda L. Blackall. "Bio-P and non-bio-P bacteria identification by a novel microbial approach". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 6 (1.03.1999): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0249.
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Culturing bacteria from activated sludge with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) has strongly implicated Acinetobacter with the process. However, using fluorescent in-situ hybridisation (FISH) probing to analyse microbial populations, we have shown evidence opposing this widespread belief. We describe the phosphorus (P) removing performance and microbial population analyses of sludges obtained in a laboratory scale EBPR reactor. Two sludges with extremely high P removing capabilities were examined, the P content of these sludges was 8.6% (P sludge) and 12.3% (S sludge) of the MLSS. Identification of bacteria using FISH probing indicated both sludges were dominated by microbes from the beta proteobacteria and high mol% G+C Gram positive bacteria. Acinetobacter could make up only a small proportion of the cells in these sludges. Sludge with extremely poor P removal (P content of 1.5%, referred to as T sludge) was then generated by reducing the P in the influent. Bacteria resembling the G-bacteria became abundant in this sludge and these were identified using FISH probing. The anaerobic transformations of the T and P sludges correlated well with that of the non-EBPR and EBPR biological models respectively, indicating that bacteria in the T sludge have the potential to inhibit P removal in EBPR systems.
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Giacobbo, Francesca, Mirko Da Ros, Elena Macerata i Eros Mossini. "A case study of management and disposal of TENORMs: radiological risk estimation by TSD Dose and RESRAD-ONSITE". AIMS Environmental Science 8, nr 5 (2021): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2021030.
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<abstract> <p>Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORMs) and Technologically Enhanced NORMs (TENORMs) are among the principal sources of radiation exposure for humans and for the environment. Therefore, the assessment of the impact of NORMs and TENORMs waste on human health is a key issue for their management and for acceptance of disposal sites. The radiological doses to workers and public due to TENORMs disposal depend on the waste inventory, on the usage of the site during operational activities and post closure phase and on the presence of dwelling areas in the vicinity of the disposal site. In the present study it is presented a methodology to preliminary assess the feasibility of a disposal of TENORMs, mainly constituted by phosphate sludges, originated from phosphoric acid industry activities. The hypothetical case study here presented is inspired by a real case study. Different possible scenarios have been considered. The potential doses to workers and to the public on-site have been estimated by the use of the TSD Dose and the RESRAD on-site codes both during the production life cycle of the site and once it ended. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of some key parameters, such the coverage thickness and wind velocity, on potential risk for workers and public.</p> </abstract>
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids". Water Science and Technology 38, nr 2 (1.07.1998): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0123.
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A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from seven activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion process.
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Tonkovic, Zlatko. "Aerobic stabilisation criteria for BNR biosolids". Water Science and Technology 39, nr 6 (1.03.1999): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0290.
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A research program was undertaken to establish the stability of waste activated sludge generated from several activated sludge treatment plants, both nutrient removal and conventional, and determine what further treatment is required to produce a substantially stabilised (ie. non-odorous) sludge. It has been previously thought that waste activated sludge from extended aeration plants (sludge age of approximately 25 days) was sufficiently stabilised to permit dewatering and stockpiling without odour generation. However, experience at a number of treatment plants with large unaerated mass fractions for biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus has demonstrated that these sludges are generally odorous. With the increasing requirement for on-site storage of sludge to remove pathogens prior to sludge re-use, odour generation from secondary sludges has the potential to pose significant environmental problems for many treatment plants. The objective of the research program was to quantify the degree of stabilisation achieved in various activated sludge treatment plants, what additional aerobic treatment is required to achieve a stabilised sludge and what are the readily identified characteristics of a stabilised sludge, including volatile solids content, specific oxygen uptake rate and pathogen destruction. The phosphorus leaching characteristics were also compared between various sludges and between continuous and intermittent aerobic digestion processes.
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Li, Qianlan, Qingdan Wu, Xiaochen Zheng, Pengfei Wang, Dongsheng Zou, Fen Liu i Zhihua Xiao. "The Conversion and Migration Behavior of Phosphorus Speciation During Pyrolysis of Different Sludges". AIMS Environmental Science 11, nr 1 (2024): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/environsci.2024001.
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<abstract> <p>The study was enforced to probe the conversion and migration behavior of phosphorus speciation in sludge and the biochar received from pyrolysis of municipal sludge (MS), town sludge (TS), and slaughterhouse sludge (SS). This study creatively used fractionation of soil phosphorus to further differentiate speciation of phosphorus in three sludges (MS, TS, and SS). According to the x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and sequential extraction, the study proved the dependence of P speciation conversion on pyrolysis temperature and different types of raw sludge. The results of P-fractionation indicated that Ca-bound IP (Ca-IP) content in all biochars significantly increased at pyrolysis temperature of 350–800 ℃, and the proportion of soluble and loosely bound IP (SL-IP), aluminum-bound IP (Al-IP), and Fe-bound IP (Fe-IP) of MS and SS decreased. The difference is that the Al-IP in the TS increased slightly as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Among the three kinds of sludge, the Olsen-P of TS is the lowest because the content of Olsen-P in sludge will decrease with the decrease of pH in the process of sewage treatment after acidification. In addition, XRD patterns of three sludges and biochar further confirmed the low crystallinity of AlPO<sub>4</sub> minerals. Through in-depth research on the environmental behavior of phosphorus, this study might additionally provide essential knowledge for the recovery and utilization of phosphorus in sludge.</p> </abstract>
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Crocetti, Gregory R., Philip Hugenholtz, Philip L. Bond, Andrew Schuler, Jürg Keller, David Jenkins i Linda L. Blackall. "Identification of Polyphosphate-Accumulating Organisms and Design of 16S rRNA-Directed Probes for Their Detection and Quantitation". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, nr 3 (1.03.2000): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.3.1175-1182.2000.
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ABSTRACT Laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) as models for activated sludge processes were used to study enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) from wastewater. Enrichment for polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) was achieved essentially by increasing the phosphorus concentration in the influent to the SBRs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using domain-, division-, and subdivision-level probes was used to assess the proportions of microorganisms in the sludges. The A sludge, a high-performance P-removing sludge containing 15.1% P in the biomass, was comprised of large clusters of polyphosphate-containing coccobacilli. By FISH, >80% of the A sludge bacteria were β-2 Proteobacteria arranged in clusters of coccobacilli, strongly suggesting that this group contains a PAO responsible for EBPR. The second dominant group in the A sludge was the Actinobacteria. Clone libraries of PCR-amplified bacterial 16S rRNA genes from three high-performance P-removing sludges were prepared, and clones belonging to the β-2 Proteobacteria were fully sequenced. A distinctive group of clones (sharing ≥98% sequence identity) related to Rhodocyclus spp. (94 to 97% identity) andPropionibacter pelophilus (95 to 96% identity) was identified as the most likely candidate PAOs. Three probes specific for the highly related candidate PAO group were designed from the sequence data. All three probes specifically bound to the morphologically distinctive clusters of PAOs in the A sludge, exactly coinciding with the β-2 Proteobacteria probe. Sequential FISH and polyphosphate staining of EBPR sludges clearly demonstrated that PAO probe-binding cells contained polyphosphate. Subsequent PAO probe analyses of a number of sludges with various P removal capacities indicated a strong positive correlation between P removal from the wastewater as determined by sludge P content and number of PAO probe-binding cells. We conclude therefore that an important group of PAOs in EBPR sludges are bacteria closely related toRhodocyclus and Propionibacter.
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Stypka, T., E. Plaza, A. Stypka, J. Trela i B. Hultman. "Regional planning and product recovery as tools for sustainable sludge management". Water Science and Technology 46, nr 4-5 (1.08.2002): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0633.
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The article presents two aspects of sludge management: regional planning and product recovery. The introduction of these two elements can reduce the cost, close the ecocycle and make the management more sustainable. A spreadsheet program to optimize the regional location of different facilities is presented. The simple example shows the potential of the model. The brief comparison of formal problems concerning sludge disposal in Poland and Sweden is also discussed. Requirements of phosphorus recovery and recycling of phosphorus to the phosphate industry make sludge fractionation in combination with product recovery a new development in wastewater handling. Phosphorus recovery from sludges with chemical bound phosphorus requires complex and expensive process technology and may therefore lead to increased regional sludge management with a central sludge treatment plant.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Phosphoric sludges"
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Chanouri, Hamza. "Valorisation des terres rares à partir du phosphogypse et boues phosphoriques : cas d'utilisation de la lixiviation basique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5029.
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Les approches hydrométallurgiques dévouées à l'extraction et la séparation des éléments de terres rares (TRs) ont devenus des thématiques de recherche d'actualité à l'échelle internationale en raison des propriétés physico-chimiques cruciales des TRs dans la technologie de pointe. Par conséquent, la dernière décennie a connu une forte préoccupation focalisée sur le développement des méthodes durables pour valoriser les TRs à partir des ressources de faible concentration, afin de remédier au problème de la dynamique croissante du marché de TRs issue du déséquilibre entre l'approvisionnement et la demande. En outre, les inquiétudes concernant l'épuisement des réserves naturelles primaires ont rendu nécessaire d'exploiter les ressources secondaires. Ainsi, plusieurs pays ont commencé à investir massivement dans la recherche, afin de développer des techniques rentables d'extraction des TRs à partir des ressources secondaires, des minerais à faible teneur et des déchets et sous-produits industriels, e.g., les argiles à adsorption d'ions, les boues rouges, les roches phosphatées, les phosphogypses (PG) et les boues phosphoriques (PS). À la lumière de toutes ces considérations, l'objectif de la présente thèse est de développer des nouveaux procédés pour la récupération des TRs à partir des sous-produits de l'industrie de phosphate, i.e., PG et PS, générés lors de la production et de la concentration d'acide phosphorique. Bien que la concentration des TRs dans ces sous-produits soit faible, leurs grandes quantités les positionnent comme des alternatives pertinentes. Cependant, la limitation de la faible concentration ainsi que la focalisation exclusive sur les TRs ont restreint la conception d'une méthode de lixiviation acide directe appropriée pour extraire ces éléments à partir du PG et des PS, ce qui souligne l'impératif d'explorer et de développer d'autres procédés basiques efficaces. Nos études se sont concentrées sur le déchiffrement de la spéciation probable des TRs dans les différentes matrices, leurs récupérations, ainsi que leurs enrichissements en utilisant différentes approches dépendantes du pH. En plus de susmentionné, la stratégie adoptée envisage le développement d'un procédé intégré pour exploiter tout le potentiel du PG et du PS, par co-extraction et valorisation d'autres composants de haute valeur ajoutée, i.e., le pentoxyde de phosphore, les sulfates, le calcium, le fluor, etc., pour une économie circulaire efficace qui se base sur la transformation des sous-produits en produits de hautes valeurs ajoutéesThe hydrometallurgical approaches for extracting and separating rare earth elements (REEs) have emerged as international research hotspots due to the indispensable physicochemical properties of REEs in advanced technology. Hence, the last decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in the necessity of developing processing techniques to valorize REEs from low-grade resources to overcome the serious problem of balancing supply and demand. In addition, the concerns regarding the depletion of principal natural resource reserves have made it necessary to look for the cusp of a significant breakthrough that may pave the way for the mining of secondary resources. In light of all these considerations, several countries have started investing heavily in research and development of technologies directed towards cost-effective extraction of REEs from secondary resources, low-grade ores, and industrial wastes and by-products, such as ions adsorption clays, red muds, phosphate rocks, phosphogypsum (PG), and phosphoric sludges (PS). Consequently, the aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of new technologies for REEs recovery from phosphate-derived minerals, i.e., PG and PS generated during phosphoric acid production and concentration in fertilizer industries. Despite the low concentration of REEs in these by-products but given their large amount they were considered as relevant alternatives. However, the tenuous concentration and sole targeting of REEs have constrained the development of an appropriate direct acidic leaching approach for REEs extraction from PG and PS, which enhanced the necessity of investigating the development of effective alkaline based processes. To address the challenging question regarding the beneficiation of REEs from diluted phosphate-derived by-products our research studies focused on deciphering the probable speciation of REEs in the parent matrices, their recovery, as well as their enrichment using different pH-dependent approaches. In addition, the investigated-developed processes embraced the strategy of by-products to high added value products by considering the development of an integrated process to make of use of all untapped potential of PG and PS, by co-extraction and valorization of other high value components, i.e., phosphorus pentoxide, sulfates, calcium, fluorine, etc., for an effective circular economy
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Burke, Russell Armstrong. "Biological excess phosphorus removal in short sludge age activated sludge systems". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7582.
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Includes bibliography.The objective of this investigation was to test, at laboratory-scale, the behaviour of short sludge age biological excess P removal systems, to assess the response of the systems under non-nitrifying and nitrifying conditions, to determine the optimal system configuration(s) and operational parameters, and to check the settling characteristics of the mixed liquor produced in the systems. A secondary objective was to use the observed response data to test the predictive qualities of both the general activated sludge model of Dold, Ekama. and Marais (1985) and the semi-empirical biological excess P removal model of Wentzel, Dold, Ekama and Marais (1984). The objectives were fulfilled by operating a number of laboratory scale anaerobic/aerobic and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic systems with varying sludge ages, anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic mass fractions, mixed liquor recycle ratios and COD loading rates.
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Bhasin, Aditi. "Recovery of Phosphorus from Incineration of Sewage Sludge". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214991.
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The primary source of phosphorus, phosphate rock, is a non-renewable resource which is expected to get exhausted in the next 50 – 100 years. Sewage sludge in Sweden constitutes 25% of the annual phosphorus in the country, making it a potentially significant source for phosphorus recovery. The aim of this project was to identify the potential for phosphorus recovery from incineration of dewatered and digested sewage sludge in Fortum Värme’s power plants in Stockholm. The study was limited to two boilers located at Bristaverket, Stockholm - boiler B1, a bio-fired fluidized bed boiler and boiler B2, a waste-fired grate incinerator. A theoretical analysis for boiler B1 showed that it is possible to reach a concentration of 4.6% phosphorus in fly ash if sludge and recycled wood fuel are mixed in the ratio 48:52. A test program was executed in boiler B2 to burn up to 12.5% sludge with a mixture of household waste and industrial waste. A total of 755 tons of sludge was used over a period of three weeks during the test in boiler B2. The test was successful in terms of combustion and emissions. There was no increase in the emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and hydrochloric acid in the flue gas. Mercury emissions in the chimney increased with an increase in the share of sludge, nevertheless, the emission level was below the limit set by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. Decrease in the amount of unburnt materials in bottom ash and in the emission of carbon monoxide showed that the burning of fuel was more efficient with input of sludge. The maximum phosphorus concentration was 0.7% in both bottom ash and fly ash from boiler B2 and occurred at an input of 12.5% sludge. This concentration is close to the expected theoretical value, however it is not expected to be feasible to recover phosphorus at such a low concentration. The ashes were sent to Fortum Waste Solutions and Ragn-Sells for recovery of phosphorus, however the results are not included in this report due to time constraints for thesis study. In order to increase the concentration of phosphorus in the ashes, a system approach is recommended, for instance, recirculation of bottom ash into the incinerator.Den primära källan till fosfor, fosforit, är en icke-förnybar resurs som är begränsad och förväntas bli förbrukad under de kommande 50-100 åren. Avloppsslam i Sverige innehåller 25% av det årliga fosforflödet, därmed är det en potentiellt viktig källa för fosforåtervinning. Syftet med detta projekt var att identifiera potentialen för fosforåtervinning från förbränning av rötat och avvattnat avloppsslam i Fortum Värmes kraftvärmeverk i Stockholm. Projektet avgränsades till fokus på två pannor i Bristaverket: panna B1, en bioeldad fluidiserad bäddpanna och panna B2, en avfallseldad rosterpanna. En teoretisk analys av panna B1 visade att det är möjligt att uppnå en koncentration på 4,6% fosfor i flygaska om slam och RT-flis blandas med förhållandet 48:52. Ett test program genomfördes på panna B2 för att förbränna uppe till 12,5% slam med en blandning av hushållsavfall och grovkross. Totalt användes 755 ton slam under en period av tre veckor då testet genomfördes i panna B2. Det var ett lyckat test med avseende på förbränning och utsläpp. Ingen ökning av kväveoxider, svaveldioxid och saltsyra i rökgasen observerades vid utsläppen. Kvicksilverutsläppet i skorstenen ökade med en ökad andel slam, dock var utsläppsnivån under den gränsen som är fastställd av Naturvårdsverket. Minskning av oförbrända material i bottenaska och i utsläpp av kolmonoxid visade att förbränningen av bränsle är effektivare med inmatning av slam. Den maximala fosforkoncentrationen var 0,7% i både bottenaska och flygaska från panna B2 vid ett intag av 12,5% slam. Denna koncentration ligger nära det förväntade teoretiska värdet, men det anses inte vara rimligt att återvinna fosfor vid en sådan låg koncentration ut ett ekonomist perspektiv. Askan skickades till Fortum Waste Solutions och Ragn-Sells för återvinning av fosfor, men resultatet redovisas inte i denna rapport på grund av tidsbegränsningen av detta examensarbete. För att öka koncentrationen av fosfor i askan rekommenderas en systeminriktning, till exempel recirkulation av bottenaska i pannan.
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Stark, Kristina. "Phosphorus release and recovery from treated sewage sludge". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : KTH Architecture and the Built Environment, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-402.
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Wentzel, Mark Charles. "Biological excess phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8309.
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Includes bibliographies.When this investigation was commenced in 1983 two activated sludge systems had been developed in South Africa that accomplish biological excess phosphorus (P) removal, the UCT and modified Bardenpho systems. To predict the P removal in these systems, an empirical model had been developed. In the empirical model, P removal was formulated in terms of some of the system parameters, such as anaerobic mass fraction, available readily biodegradable COD and active mass concentration. Organisms directly implicated in biological excess P removal (poly P organisms) did not feature in the model and the P removal was not linked to any basic biological or biochemical behaviour. Clearly, there was a need for a more fundamentally based model. The objective of this thesis was to develop such a model.
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Hoffman, Victor, i Anton Marmsjö. "Combustion of sludge in Fortum’s plants with possible phosphorus recycling". Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146974.
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The management of waste is by all means a great challenge to any society. In Sweden, the past decades has seen legislation progressing in congruence with concerns over environmental stress from inefficient waste management. The legislative changes aim primarily to promote waste reduction and better waste utilization. Sludge is a waste-type from different industrial processes and is unfortunately of limited reuse and recycling-value, but sludge combustion for energy recovery appears promising. Also, the oftentimes high phosphorus content in sludge strengthens the potential of extracting phosphorus from combustion ashes. The heat and power industry has shown great interest in sludge combustion. Fortum has a set of different sludge types to choose from as well as many different options available based on where and how the sludge can be incinerated. Yet there are many inherent problems, but also operational benefits, of combusting sludge. These factors combined make the venture multifaceted and therefore not straightforward. Based on this, this thesis is a preliminary study aiming to assess the possibility of combusting sludge in Fortum’s existing or future facilities, along with possible phosphorus recovery from the combustion ashes. The study was based on applying either sludge mono- or co-combustion. The scenarios evaluated were; firing 70000 tonnes of digested sewage sludge, 50000 tonnes of fibrous sludge and 26400 tonnes of digestate which all are pertinent sludge amounts in this study. Co-combustion involved firing these together with the base fuels fired in Fortum’s grate furnace and fluidized bed boilers in Brista and Högdalen CHP plants. The mixing yielded new characteristics of the combustion input, such as a lower heating value, which were vetted against the boilers’ capability to handle these. Mono-combustion was compared economically with co-combustion to assess investment profitability. The phosphorus concentration in the ashes from the mixes was determined as well in order to assess the possibility for viable extraction. In addition, proper sludge pretreatment methods were examined. The results showed that co-incineration of 70000 tonnes digested sewage sludge was possible in boiler P6 in Högdalen and B2 in Brista. These generated an economic gain with an internal rate of return of 96,3 % and 96,4 % respectively. It was possible to co-incinerate 50000 tonnes of fibrous sludge in boilers B1 and B2 in Brista as well as P6 although economic gains were only seen in B1, where the internal rate was 87,5 %. Co‑incinerating 26400 tonnes of digestate was possible in all boilers except P3 assuming that the similar boilers P1 and P2 in Högdalen can incinerate the sludge in tandem. The incineration of digestate yielded an economic gain for these boilers with an internal rate ranging from 25,7 % for P1 and P2 in tandem to 102,6 % for B1. Although mono-combustion is a practical solution it was found not to be an economically feasible alternative under prevailing economic conditions. The results also indicated that NOx and SOx formation increased in the raw flue gaseswhen co‑firing sludge, as also was the case with flue gas volume flow and flue gas water vapor. Fossil CO2 emissionsdecreased for all waste fired boilers when co-combusting sludge. Digested sewage sludge and digestate increased combustion ash amounts in all cases, whereas fibrous sludge only did this in B1. All sludge types were found to be beneficial for reducing the risk of corrosion and agglomeration, but digested sewage sludge was remarkably more so than digestate and fibrous sludge. The phosphorus concentration in the co-combustion ashes was deemed insufficient for viable phosphorus extraction, but was promising when firing digested sewage sludge in B1. The concentration was sufficient in a mono-combustion application when firing digested sewage sludge and digestate. Overall environmental impacts are however dubious. There needs to be further investigation in order to properly assess these.Hanteringen av avfall är en stor utmaning i alla samhällen. I Sverige har lagstiftningen de senaste decennierna utvecklats i takt med ökad oro över miljöbelastningen från ineffektiv avfallshantering. I första hand syftar lagändringarna till att främja avfallsminimering och bättre avfallsutnyttjande. Slam är en typ av avfall från olika industriprocesser och har dessvärre begränsat värde för återanvändning och återvinning, men slamförbränning för energiutvinning verkar lovande. Även den i många fall höga fosforhalten i slam ger en potential att utvinna fosfor ur förbränningsaskorna. Kraft- och värmeindustrin har visat stort intresse för slamförbränning. Fortum har olika slamtyper att tillgå och många olika alternativ gällande var och hur slammet ska förbrännas. Det finns också problem, men även förbränningstekniska fördelar, kopplat till slamförbränning. Tillsammans gör dessa faktorer satsningen mångfacetterad och därför inte helt självklar. Detta examensarbete är en förstudie som syftar till att bedöma möjligheten att förbränna slam i Fortums befintliga eller framtida anläggningar, tillsammans med eventuell återvinning av fosfor från förbränningsaskorna. I studien undersöktes slamförbränning, antingen monoförbränning eller förbränning tillsammans med andra bränslen. Scenarierna som utvärderats innefattar förbränning av 70000 ton rötslam, 50000 ton fiberslam och 26400 ton rötrest vilka är relevanta mängder för denna studie. Samförbränning innebär att dessa blandas och eldas tillsammans med basbränslena i Fortums rosterpannor och fluidiserade bäddar i kraftvärmeverken i Brista och Högdalen. Slamblandningen ger upphov till nya egenskaper hos det inmatade bränslet, till exempel ett lägre värmevärde, vilka jämförs mot pannornas kapacitet att hantera dessa. Monoförbränning jämfördes med samförbränning för att bedöma dess ekonomiska konkurrenskraft. Fosforhalten i askan från blandningarna bestämdes även för att bedöma fosforutvinningspotentialen. Dessutom har lämpliga förbehandlingsmetoder för slam undersökts. Resultaten visar att samförbränning av 70000 ton rötslam var möjlig i panna P6 i Högdalen och B2 i Brista. Dessa gav en ekonomisk vinst med en internränta på 96,3 % respektive 96,4 %. Det var möjligt att samförbränna 50000 ton fiberslam i panna B1 och B2 i Brista samt panna P6 även om ekonomiska vinster bara visades i B1, där internräntan blev 87,5 %. Samförbränning av 26400 ton rötrest var möjligt i alla pannor förutom P3 förutsatt att pannorna P1 och P2 i Högdalen kan förbränna slammet i tandem. Förbränning av rötrest gav en ekonomisk vinst i dessa pannor med internräntor mellan 25,7 % för P1 och P2 tillsammans och 102,6 % för B1. Även om monoförbränning kan vara en praktisk lösning är det inte ett ekonomiskt försvarbart alternativ under rådande ekonomiska förhållanden. I studien gavs det även indikationer på att uppkomsten NOx och SOx i rågaserna ökade vid samförbränning med slam, samt att även rökgasvolymflöde och mängden vattenånga i rökgaserna ökade. Fossila CO2 utsläpp minskade för de avfallseldade pannorna vid samförbränning. Rötslam och rötrest gav en ökning av mängden aska i alla pannor, medan fiberslam endast ökade denna i B1. Alla slamtyper var fördelaktiga att förbränna för att minska risken för korrosion och agglomerering men rötslam var anmärkningsvärt bättre i det avseendet jämfört med rötrest och fiberslam. Fosforhalten i samförbränningsaskorna bedömdes vara för låg för lönsam fosforutvinning, men var lovande vid rötslamsförbränning i panna B1. Koncentrationen var tillräckligt hög vid monoförbränning av rötslam och rötrest. Det är dock oklart vad den totala miljöpåverkan blir vilket skulle behövas utredas vidare.
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Gao, Lu. "Phosphorus Reclamation from Municipal Wastewater Sludge for Fertilizer Production". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36712.
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The increasing population with its associated rising food demand requires more agricultural fertilizers to maintain the harvest for food security. However, the natural calcium carbonate phosphate mineral (carbonate apatite) used to produce phosphorus (P) fertilizer is a non- renewable ore. Therefore, in this study, the objective is to extract the inorganic polymeric phosphate (polyphosphate: polyP) P-component in waste activated sewage sludge (WAS) from Ottawa’s municipal wastewater plant (ROPEC). Once extracted, the goal was to break down the polyP to inorganic phosphate (Pi) to produce carbonate apatite.
PolyP is a P-component in WAS because a group of wastewater microorganisms called polyphosphate-accumulating organisms uptake phosphate and generate intracellular polyP stores during aerobic digestion in municipal wastewater treatment plant processes. The total acidic, oxidative P content of WAS was measured. PolyP was extracted and quantified to estimate the fraction of total P as polyP in WAS. Different polyP extraction methods were undertaken. It was determined that the complicated composition and weight fractions of TWAS, including iron phosphate, complicated polyP extraction and Pi measurement.
Lessons learned were applied towards preliminary batch and continuous precipitation of carbonate apatite with the product slurry from the anaerobic digestion process at ROPEC. Limestone was tested as an inexpensive calcium carbonate source for carbonate apatite precipitation. The dissolution of calcium and carbonate from limestone was assessed, and it was determined that further optimization is required. Preliminary work indicated that the calcium- carbonate solution from limestone could precipitate synthetic carbonate apatite from anaerobic digester material. This synthetic carbonate apatite product may lead to mitigating the impending limitations on natural carbonate apatite availability for P-fertilizer production.
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Sirén, Ehrnström Matilda. "Recovery of Phosphorus from HTC Converted Municipal Sewage Sludge". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-290.
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With a growing population but scarce primary phosphorus sources, recycling of the vital element has become an important research area throughout the last decades. Several streams in society are potential resources for recirculation but municipal sewage is considered one of the most available materials. With current technologies in wastewater treatment, over 95 % of the influent phosphorus is captured in the sludge along with a variety of other nutrients. However, due to increasing fractions of pharmaceutical residues and heavy metals also following the sludge, direct use as fertiliser is being phased out in most European countries in favour of extraction methods. Extraction of nutrients from the sludge is problematic mainly because of dewaterability difficulties. Thus, pretreatment of the material is required to access the desired components at a reasonable cost and energy consumption. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) is a technology showing high potential for treatment of wet carbonaceous material without necessity of prior drying. The resulting product is hygenised, essentially free from pharmaceuticals and easily dewatered. In this Master’s thesis principal conditions for release of phosphorus from HTC converted digested sludge under acid leaching have been experimentally investigated. Dependence of time, temperature, dry solids (DS) content of HTC sludge and pH have been studied. Also, differences arising from acid type have been considered by comparing acidulation with sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid. A short investigation of the recovery of the dissolved phosphorus from leachate by precipitation was also performed where calcium ions were added to both sulphuric and hydrochloric acid leachates. Extraction of phosphorus from HTC converted sludge has shown to be easier than from pure metal phosphates under comparable leaching conditions and pH values. Also, the dissolved phosphorus concentrations obtained in the presence of HTC converted sludge was higher than for theoretical equilibrium concentrations where all phosphorus is in the form of iron(III) or aluminium(III) phosphate. A maximum leachate phosphorus concentration was around 2500 mg/L, recorded in leaching experiments performed at a dry HTC product concentration of 10 % (w/w) in an extraction solution of water acidified with sulphuric acid. Leaching procedures performed at pH values between 2 and 1 with 1 and 5 % DS HTC product resulted in dissolution of 90 % of ingoing phosphorus at an acid charge of 0.5 kg H2SO4/kg DS HTC product. At this chemical charge, release of phosphorus from converted sludge is fast. Similar amounts of dissolved phosphorus were recorded after 15 min as after 16 h retention time. Possibly, time dependence becomes relevant at lower charges. The dissolution of phosphorus is negatively affected by temperature increases at moderate acid loads, and by possibly by hydrochloric acid at pH values below 2. Addition of calcium gave a dissolved phosphorus reduction of 99.9 % in both the sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid leachates. Gypsum, CaSO4, also precipitates from the sulphuric acid leachate resulting in 67 % more dry mass. Due to high release of metals during acidulation, the precipitate was also contaminated with large fractions of metals in addition to calcium. In summary, this investigation has demonstrated that up to 90 % of the phosphorus content of the HTC converted sludge can be released by acid leaching, and almost 100 % of the phosphorus can be recovered from the leachate by precipitation with calcium ions.
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Hannl, Thomas Karl. "Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge fluidized bed gasification processes". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81024.
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One of the most sustainable pathways of sewage sludge treatment in recent years has been thermal conversion. The benefits of thermal treatment of sewage sludge are the recovery of energy or valuable chemical products, the destruction of harmful organic compounds, the separation of heavy metals from the P-rich coarse ash fraction, and the decreased and sanitized ash volume. The ashes created by these thermal conversion processes of sewage sludge are often rich in P that is mostly present in minerals with low plant-availability such as apatite. Due to the enrichment of P in the created ashes, a variety of post-processing steps have been developed to recover P from sewage sludge ashes. One proven way for the sus-tainable recovery of P from such ashes is thermal post-processing with alkaline salts, e.g., Na2SO4 or K2CO3, which was able to transform less plant-available phosphates in the sewage sludge into more plant-available alkali-bearing phos-phates. Based on these results, one could facilitate creating these phosphates with enhanced plant-availability by providing the chemical potential to form them already during the thermal conversion process of sewage sludge. This thesis aims to increase the current knowledge about the ash transformation processes of P and to suggest suitable process parameters for the alteration of the phosphate speciation in sewage sludge ashes by co-conversion with alkaline-rich agricultural residues. More specifically, the possibility of incorporating K derived from agricultural residues in phosphate structures derived from sewage sludge was evaluated with respect to the influence of the process temperature, the conver-sion atmosphere, and the fuel mixture. The studied parameters were chosen to generate knowledge relevant for fluidized bed gasification processes, with a spe-cial focus on dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasification systems. The applicability of feldspar bed materials in fluidized bed gasification systems was investigated to enable the substitution of the commonly used olivine, which often contains heavy metals (potentially contaminating recovered ashes), and quartz, which is very reactive towards fuel-derived K and potentially leads to bed material fragmentation and bed agglomeration (Paper I & II). Subsequently, the thermodynamic potential for the alteration of the P-species in sewage sludge ash during co-combustion and co-gasification processes with agricultural residues was investigated (Paper III). Thereafter, an experimental evaluation of the ash transformation chemistry in thermal conversion processes of sewage sludge with different types of alkali-rich agricultural residues in temperatures relevant for flu-idized bed technology was conducted (Paper IV & V). The methodology employed was chosen with respect to the state of technology of the specific investigated process. Paper I & II applied SEM, EDS, XRD, and thermodynamic equilibrium modeling for bed material samples derived from an industrial indirect gasifier. Paper III applied thermodynamic equilibrium calcula-tions to theoretically evaluate ash compositions resulting from co-conversion of sewage sludge and agricultural residues. Paper IV & V employed SEM, EDS, ICP-AES/MS, XRD, and thermochemical modeling on ash samples derived from single pellet lab-scale experiments. The results obtained by analysis of bed material from indirect wood gasification showed the difference in interaction mechanism for K-feldspar and Na-feldspar, most notably the enhanced disintegration of Na-feldspar by K originating from the fuel (Paper I & II). Thermodynamic models employed for fuel mixtures of sewage sludge and agricultural residues showed the thermodynamic preference for the formation of the desired alkali-bearing phosphates (Paper III). Experi-ments conducted with these fuel mixtures (Paper IV & V) supported the theo-retical findings, and the influence of temperature and process conditions could be obtained. However, practical investigations also showed that attainment of the desired ash composition is subject to significant restrictions. Derived from the elaborated results and discussions, it was possible to assess the critical process and fuel parameters for the development of up-scaled gasification processes focusing on the conversion of sewage sludge with the aim of creating improved phosphate formation in the ash. The selection of a suitable bed material in fluidized bed conversion and the transformation mechanisms defining the ash chemistry were found to be of vital importance for future applications. The pur-suit of the predefined aims in reference to P-recovery from sewage sludge has led to a multitude of suggestions for suitable process parameters that must be ad-dressed in future bench- and pilot-scale experimental runs.
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Van, der Merwe Petrus. "Phosphorus phyto-availability and fertilizer value of petrochemical and municipal wastewater sludges". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46060.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A growing population, urbanization and an increase in the number of
industries is causing an increase in sewage sludge (SS) that needs to be
either beneficially used or disposed of. Application of SS to agricultural lands
is a well-known practice but the plant available phosphate and phosphate
fertilizer value of SS has been of concern. This is especially due to the wide
variety of soils that SS is applied to and the different phosphate removal
processes that sewage waste water undergoes at the water care works and
the source used to produce SS.
Phosphate phyto-availability and phosphate fertilizer value of petrochemical
and municipal wastewater sludges (SS) were determined in four different soils
using an incubation study over 168 days, a pot trial over 42 days and a field
trial over one season. Phosphate phyto-availability was determined/calculated
by means of an incubation approach. Soils were incubated with sludge as well
as mono ammonium phosphate (MAP). The soils were then subjected to a
Bray-1 extraction after a certain time (42 days, 168 days). The relative
phosphate fertilizer value (RPFV) was then expressed as a percentage of the
Bray-1 extractability of the sludge-amended soil, relative to the MAP-amended
soil. The influence of soil properties, especially clay content, and sludge
properties namely phosphate extraction method (chemical and biological)
from waste water stream, was investigated to determine the effect on phytoavailability
and fertilizer value of phosphate in SS-amended soil. Soil
properties were the dominant factor determining plant available phosphate,
where plant available phosphate decreased with increasing clay content,
irrelevant of the type of treatment. There were, however, significant differences between the chemical and biologically removed SS, where the
biologically removed SS had higher plant available phosphate.
The RPFV % of the SS was comparable to MAP in terms of its plant
availability. Wetting and drying cycles in the pot trial influenced the plant
available phosphate from the SS, where the chemically treated sludge
showed in general lower plant availability. The RPFV % of the biologically
removed phosphate sludges was better than that of MAP and that of the
chemically phosphate removed sludge were lower.
Application of all the different sludge types resulted in a positive reaction on
plant available phosphate for all the soils. All the trials were conducted at pH
of about 5.5. However, it is expected that biologically P removed sludge will
perform better in acid soils. The reason being that ferric phosphate in the
chemically treated sludge is less soluble under pH conditions lower than 5.5
than above it.Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Plant Production and Soil Science
MScAgric
Unrestricted
Książki na temat "Phosphoric sludges"
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Brđanović, Damir. Modeling biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1998.
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Dunne, E. Biological removal of phosphorus from wastewater. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.
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Boll, Reiner. Zur erhöhten biologischen Phosphorentfernung mit dem Belebungsverfahren. Braunschweig: Institut für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 1988.
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Schaum, Christian A. Verfahren für eine zukünftige Klärschlammbehandlung: Klärschlammkonditionierung und Rückgewinnung von Phosphor aus Klärschlammasche. Darmstadt: Verein zur Förderung des Instituts WAR--Wasserversorgung und Grundwasserschutz, Abwassertechnik, Abfalltechnik, Industrielle Stoffkreisläufe, Umwelt- und Raumplanung der Technischen Universität Darmstadt, 2007.
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Jim, Ippolito, i AWWA Research Foundation, red. Water residuals and biosolids: Effect of co-application on soil phosphorus. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation/American Water Works Association/IWA Pub., 2006.
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Whittaker, Dean. The effect of phosphorus on-phosophorus metabolism, metals accumulation and floc properties in activated sludge processes. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.
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Phosphorus and silicon in waters, effluents and sludges. Wyd. 2. London: HMSO, 1992.
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Brdanovic, Damir. Modeling Biological Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Brdanovic, Damir. Modeling Biological Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Brdanovic, Damir. Modeling Biological Phosphorus Removal in Activated Sludge Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Phosphoric sludges"
1
Czechowska-Kosacka, A. M., G. Niedbała, P. Kolarzyk i J. Ristvej. "Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge". W Advances in Environmental Engineering Research in Poland, 75–84. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003171669-8.
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Morf, L., S. Schlumberger, F. Adam i G. Díaz Nogueira. "Urban Phosphorus Mining in the Canton of Zurich: Phosphoric Acid from Sewage Sludge Ash". W Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 157–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_10.
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Koga, Daisuke. "Struvite Recovery from Digested Sewage Sludge". W Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 255–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_17.
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Bond, P. L., i G. N. Rees. "Microbiological aspects of phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems". W The Microbiology of Activated Sludge, 227–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3951-9_9.
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Delaide, Boris, Hendrik Monsees, Amit Gross i Simon Goddek. "Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatments for Aquaponic Sludge Reduction and Mineralisation". W Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 247–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_10.
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AbstractRecirculating aquaculture systems, as part of aquaponic units, are effective in producing aquatic animals with a minimal water consumption through effective treatment stages. Nevertheless, the concentrated sludge produced after the solid filtration stage, comprising organic matter and valuable nutrients, is most often discarded. One of the latest developments in aquaponic technology aims to reduce this potential negative environmental impact and to increase the nutrient recycling by treating the sludge on-site. For this purpose, microbial aerobic and anaerobic treatments, dealt with either individually or in a combined approach, provide very promising opportunities to simultaneously reduce the organic waste as well as to recover valuable nutrients such as phosphorus. Anaerobic sludge treatments additionally offer the possibility of energy production since a by-product of this process is biogas, i.e. mainly methane. By applying these additional treatment steps in aquaponic units, the water and nutrient recycling efficiency is improved and the dependency on external fertiliser can be reduced, thereby enhancing the sustainability of the system in terms of resource utilisation. Overall, this can pave the way for the economic improvement of aquaponic systems because costs for waste disposal and fertiliser acquisition are decreased.
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Hermann, Ludwig, i Tanja Schaaf. "Outotec Manure, Slurry, and Sludge Processing Technology". W Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 403–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_28.
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Okuno, Yoshio, Yasuyuki Nakata i Masaaki Isse. "Phosphorus Recovery from Night Soil and Johkasou Sludge". W Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 265–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_18.
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Schnee, R., i E. Opitz. "Phosphorus Recovery from Wet Sewage Sludge Using CO2". W Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 297–301. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_20.
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Iizuka, A., H. Yoshida i Y. Hayakawa. "High-Performance Phosphorus Adsorbent Based on Concrete Sludge". W Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 449–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_31.
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Sonoda, Ken-ichi. "Alkaline Leaching of Phosphate from Sewage Sludge Ash". W Phosphorus Recovery and Recycling, 143–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8031-9_8.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Phosphoric sludges"
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Paulionytė, Judita, Rasa Vaiškūnaitė i Aušra Mažeikienė. "EVALUATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE BIOCHAR USE IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT FROM PHOSPHATE". W 25-osios jaunųjų mokslininkų konferencijos „Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis“ teminės konferencijos APLINKOS APSAUGOS INŽINERIJA. Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aainz.2022.006.
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Phosphorus is important in the environment and its recovery and recycling is necessary. Sewage wastewater is one of the substances in which a high amount of phosphorus and its compounds are found. Phosphorus in water is one of the causes of environmental problems such as eutrophication. The utilization of sewage sludge is a main prob- lem in both large and smaller towns. This research investigates how much and how to use sewage sludge biochar as an adsorbent to remove phosphorus compounds from wastewater. This article highlights the sorption capacity of the filler to absorb phosphorus compounds.
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Pettersson, Anita, Bengt-A˚ke Andersson, Britt-Marie Steenari, Lars-Erik A˚mand i Bo Leckner. "Leaching of Phosphorus From Ashes of Co-Combustion of Sewage Sludge and Wood". W 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78017.
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Municipal sewage sludge has a high concentration of phosphorus, which should be recovered because phosphorus is a limited natural resource. In this work, sewage sludge was co-fired with wood in a FBC boiler. The aim of the investigating was to study the solubility of phosphorus in the ashes, by leaching as an alternative to the phosphorous recovery method of using the ashes directly on farmlands. The fly ashes from the boiler’s secondary cyclone and bag filter were leached at various pH-values and the release of phosphorus was measured. Only acidic leaching was applied. The ashes precipitated with Al2(SO4)3 released nearly all phosphorus at a pH-value of 1, whereas the ashes precipitated with Fe2(SO4)3 did not release all phosphorus even at the very low pH of 0.5. The concentrations of phosphorous in the leachate must be compared with liquid phosphorus sources such as human urine or liquid animal manure used as fertilisers. This may result in that the leachate has to be processed further. A continuation of the work to investigate to what extent the leachate is contaminated with toxic trace elements is necessary.
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Zhang, Hua, ZhiLiang Zhu, YanLing Qiu, RongHua Zhang i JianFu Zhao. "Extraction of Heavy Metals from Sewage Sludge with Phosphoric Acid". W 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5517230.
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Kruteakova, V., Nina V. Pilyak, V. Dishliuk i O. Nikipelova. "Effect of Microbacterium Barkeri on the release of water-soluble forms of phosphorus in compost based on sewerage sediment". W International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.26.
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In the conditions of laboratory model experiment on composting of sewage sludge the influence of active phosphate-mobilizing bacteria on the release of water-soluble forms of phosphorus was studied. The experimental scheme included known active phosphate-mobilizing bacteria isolated from various ecological niches. The following components were used for composting: sewage sludge (SS), winter wheat straw and a suspension of phosphate-mobilizing microorganisms isolated from SSs of municipal treatment plants. The largest increase in water-soluble forms of phosphorus at the final stage of composting due to the introduction of Microbacterium barkeri. The greatest growth of water-soluble forms of phosphorus at the final stage of composting is provided by the introduction of Microbacterium barkeri LP-1, which can be explained by the greater adaptation of this strain to the substrate used in the experiments.
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Liu, Xiaoying, Chao Guo i Dangcong Peng. "Biological Phosphorus Removal with Granular Sludge in SBR". W 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162451.
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Tie, Jingxi, Lei Zhao i Hongcao Guo. "Phosphorus Adsorption by Dewatered and Activated Alum Sludge". W 2011 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2011.496.
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Militaru, Bogdan Adrian. "PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY AS STRUVITE FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH". W 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/4.1/s18.095.
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Gao, Ming, Liping Qiu, Kang Xie, Shoubin Zhang i Jiabin Wang. "Phosphorus Recovery from Excess Sludge: Possibility and Future". W 2015 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseee-15.2016.79.
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Weihong Xia, Huihong He i Dongsu Bi. "The effect of nitrate on phosphorus release from phosphorus-rich waste activated sludge". W 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965836.
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Kasprzyk, Magda, Ewa Wojciechowska, Hanna Obarska–Pempkowiak i Marta Thomas. "Preliminary Results from the Removal of Phosphorus Compounds with Selected Sorption Material". W Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.080.
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Due to the fact that resources of phosphorous are limited and are expected to get exhausted in the next 30 years the management of this resource has become extremely important. Most of the phosphorus compounds are lost forever, because they are discharged with sewage into surface water, causing eutrophication and in this way generating further issue and challenge. The aim of the study was to investigate the capacity to retain phosphorus compounds on sorption material. During the experiments, both synthetic and real wastewater were used. The synthetic wastewater simulated the composition of the reject water (RW) generated during the mechanical dewatering of the digested sewage sludge, and the real RW comes from WWTP in Gdansk. The investigation in steady conditions was carried out with Phoslock® which is chemically lanthanum clay. The results of the investigation are related to the determination of the sorption capacity with respect to the analyzed content of phosphorus compounds for stable conditions the determination of hydraulic load and way and time of mixing. For the synthetic wastewater the removal efficiency of phosphorous was 99.8% while for reject water (RW) generated during the mechanical dewatering of the digested sewage sludge was lower and equal to 85%.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Phosphoric sludges"
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Lumetta, Gregg J. Mechanism of Phosphorus Removal from Hanford Tank Sludge by Caustic Leaching. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934407.
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Palmborg, Cecilia. Fertilization with digestate and digestate products – availability and demonstration experiments within the project Botnia nutrient recycling. Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.25rctaeopn.
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To increase our food security in Västerbotten we will need to become more self-sufficient of both energy, feed and nutrients that are now imported to the region. Biogas production from different waste streams is one solution to this. Biogas is produced using biowaste or sewage sludge as substrate in the major cities Umeå and Skellefteå. Biogas systems offer a range of benefits to society. Biogas production is currently prized for its climate benefits when replacing fossil fuels for the production of heat, electricity and vehicle gas, but at Bothnia Nutrient Recycling we have studied how to use the digestate, i.e. the residual product of production, as fertilizer in agriculture. We have been working to improve profitability for biogas producers and develop sustainable products from recycled nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen. Improving the uses for digestate increases self-sufficiency in agriculture and contributes to a circular economy. We conducted three agricultural demonstration experiments in collaboration with agricultural high schools in Finland and Sweden to introduce digestate and digestate products to the future farmers in the regions. We found that it may be possible to replace cattle slurry with compost when growing maize despite the low levels of nitrogen, N, available to plants in the compost. In barley, NPK fertilizers gave the highest yield. Digestate from HEMAB and sludge biochar supplemented with recycled ammonium sulphate gave a smaller yield but higher than unfertilized crop. Digestate from a dry digestion biogas plant in Härnösand was better suited to barley than to grass because in an experiment on grass ley the viscous fertilizer did not penetrate the grass and did not increase the growth of the grass. Fertilizer effects on crop quality were small. There was no increased uptake of heavy metals in barley after fertilization with digestate or digestate products compared to NPK fertilization. These demonstration experiments show that more thorough scientific experimentation is needed as a foundation for recommendations to farmers. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous in digestate from Västerbotten that could become used as fertilizer were modelled. It showed that if sewage sludge digestate is used to make sludge biochar and ammonium sulphate and the other available digestates are used directly in agriculture, the entire phosphorous demand but only a small part of the nitrogen demand in the county, could be covered. Thus, to achieve a true circular food production, development and increase of both the waste handling sector and agriculture is needed.