Artykuły w czasopismach: „Phosphatic fertilizers”

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Wendimu, Adishiwot, Tarekegn Yoseph i Tewodros Ayalew. "Ditching Phosphatic Fertilizers for Phosphate-Solubilizing Biofertilizers: A Step towards Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Health". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (16.01.2023): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021713.

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Chemical phosphatic fertilizers are mainly produced from phosphate rocks, a natural reserve that is depleting rapidly. These chemical phosphatic fertilizers are polluting the environment at an alarming rate as a result of injudicious application to farmlands. On the other hand, phosphate-solubilizing biofertilizers (PSBs) are often considered better alternatives to industrial phosphatic fertilizers in many ways. PSBs are microorganisms capable of solubilizing insoluble forms of phosphate into soluble plant-usable forms. This paper is written with the objective of discussing the impacts of phosphatic fertilizers and making the case for why we should shift to PSBs instead. Phosphatic fertilizers have numerous impacts on the environment (water bodies, land resources, and air), and micro- and macro-organisms, including humans. Chemical fertilizers also tend to be more expensive, especially for farmers in developing countries. On the contrary, PSBs tend to be safer and way more beneficial than their chemical counterparts in that they are environmentally friendly and cheaper options of availing plant-usable phosphorus. PSBs are also involved in other beneficial roles such as the production of phytohormones and secretion of anti-phytopathogenic metabolites. The phytohormones enhance plant growth and the metabolites render crops immunity against phytopathogens. Hence, it is vital to replace chemical phosphatic fertilizers with PSB inoculants both to prevent the irreversible impacts of chemical fertilizers and to take advantage of the numerous benefits of PSBs. Moreover, it does not seem as if there is an option given the fact that the global phosphate reserve is depleting and the impact of fertilizer on the environment is worsening as time goes by.

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Modaihsh, A. S., A. E. Abdallah i A. S. Mashhady. "Micronutrients as Impurities of Inorganic Fertilizers Marketed in Saudi Arabia". Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 5, nr 2 (1.06.2000): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol5iss2pp91-95.

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Inorganic fertilizers with major nutrients are likely to be contaminated with some micronutrients. Fertilizers, utilized in Saudi Arabia, were analyzed for their total and water-soluble content of Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu. They represented three categories namely: phosphatic, solid multiple nutrient fertilizers (SMNF) and water-soluble multiple nutrient fertilizers (WSMF). Total iron content in examined fertilizers was higher in phosphatic fertilizers and lower in WSMF. Nevertheless, only a very small portion of the total iron content is likely to be available to plants. It was estimated, on the basis of total content, that almost 2 g of iron would be applied to soil for each added kg of phosphatic fertilizer. The highest total content of Zn was recorded for phosphatic fertilizers. The data suggested that less than half kg of Zn would be accumulated in soil if 500 kg of phosphatic fertilizers were applied in one year. This value however, fell dramatically, to one fourth of the value, when only the available forms of Zn were considered. Fertilizer content of manganese and copper were lower than both Fe and Zn. Micronutrient impurities present in inorganic fertilizers might not have an immediate influence on plant nutrition due to their lower solubility.

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Modaihsh, A. S., M. S. AI-Swailem i M. O. Mahjoub. "Heavy Metals Content of Commercial Inorganic Fertilizers Used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 9, nr 1 (1.01.2004): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol9iss1pp21-25.

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In recent years much concern has been given to toxic heavy metals, which enter the human food chain. Application of inorganic fertilizers is considered one of the potential routes of such entry, in this work 74 samples of commercial fertilizers marketed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were analyzed for their heavy metal concentrations. Fertilizer samples included 20 samples of phosphatic fertilizers [monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and triple superphosphate (TSP)], 11 samples of liquid fertilizers. 31 samples of water-soluble multiple nutrient fertilizers (WSMF) and 12 samples of solid multiple nutrient fertilizers (SMNF). Concentrations of heavy metals varied according to the type of fertilizer and the tested metal; Cr levels were the highest and Co was the lowest. Results revealed that Cd ranged from < l to 36.8 mg.kg-1, with a median of 33.2 mg.kg-1 for the phosphatic fertilizers, 9.5 mg.kg-1 for the liquid fertilizers, 19.7 for the SMNF, and 2.9 mg.kg-1 for the WSMF. The median values of Pb, Ni, Co and Cr in the phosphatic fertilizers were 14.3, 72.1, 1 1.8 and 249.3 mg.kg-1, respectively. However, the corresponding median values of these elements, in the liquid fertilizers, were 9.9, 15.6, 11.2 and 64.0 mg.kg-1 and 15.3, 43.0, 12.5 and 170.7 mg.kg-1 in the SMNF. The median contents of three heavy metals in the WSMF samples were 9.8 mg.kg-1 for Pb, 5.6 mg.kg-1 for Co. and 7.4 mg.kg-1 for Ni. The Cd. Co. Cr and Ni concentrations were lower than the tolerance limits for heavy metal addition (Cd 100 mg.kg-1, Cr, 100 mg.kg-1 and Ni, 50 mg.kg-1), and they were in a range similar to those found internationally. It is estimated that the application of an average dose of 80 kg P ha-1 annually in Saudi Arabia, contributes 13 g of Cd ha-1 to the soil.

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Gentle, S. W., F. R. Humphreys i Marcia J. Lambert. "Continuing Response of Pinus radiata to Phosphatic Fertilizers Over Two Rotations". Forest Science 32, nr 3 (1.09.1986): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/32.3.822.

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Abstract Considerable growth responses to two differing phosphatic fertilizers (rock phosphate and superphosphate) applied to Pinus radiata (D. Don) were previously reported by the authors (Forest Science 11, 1965). At that time the experimental site had carried two rotations of trees, the first unfertilized. The same site has now been grown through a similar period of time in the third rotation (to first thinning) with no further fertilizer applications. Growth responses, foliage and soil chemical analyses have been compared with those obtained over the first fertilized rotation. Results showed that tree growth responses have been maintained significantly through two fertilized rotations to the present time by the original 1947 fertilization. The bulk of the phosphorus from both sources is still present in the soil surface horizon, that from rock phosphate mainly as calcium phosphate, and from superphosphate mostly in aluminum- and iron-bound forms. Implications for forest management are that where adequate growth responses can be obtained from a single long-lived fertilizer source, the investment in fertilizer becomes a long-term addition to forest site quality. Cost effectiveness has been compared for both rotations in terms of 1983 dollars. Forest Sci. 32:822-829.

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., Suwarno, i Komaruddin Idris. "Potential and Possibility of Direct Use of Guano as Fertilizer in Indonesia". Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 9, nr 1 (1.04.2007): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.9.1.37-43.

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Guano is a material originally from sea bird or bat excrement. This material is an important source of P fertilizerduring nineteenth century and the early part of twentieth century. The development of artificial fertilizers and the depletion of guano deposits in Peru caused guano negligibled from world fertilizers trading. Recently, guano appeared in fertilizers trading and sciencetific publications again due to the development of organic farming and increasing the price of energy sources for fertilizer manufacture. Based on its origin, guano is classified into sea bird and bat guanos; and based on its composition guano is grouped into nitrogenous dan phosphatic guanos. Moreover, guano deposits are divided into two types: cave guano and insular guano deposits. The main component of guano is N, P, and Ca elements, and the additional elements are K, Mg, and S. Both nitrogenous and phosphatic guanos are important organic fertilizers because the N content of nitrogenous guano and the P content of phosphatic guano are far higher than those of manure, agricultural waste, or muniCipal waste. In Indonesia guano deposits are widely distributed in Sumatera, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusatenggara, and Irian Jaya. The most deposits are cave guano deposits which contain thousands to hundred thousands tons of guano.Consequently, it is highly potential to develop direct use of guano in our country. Futhermore, results of experiments indicated that phosphatic guano has high possibility to be used directly as P fertilizer.

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Sinha, U. S. P., i R. Chakravorty. "STUDIES ON THE PHOSPHATIC AND POTASSIC FERTILIZERS REQUIREMENT OF MULBERRY (Morus alba L.) BASED ON SOIL TEST VALUES". Scientific Temper 1, nr 01 (4.02.2010): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2010.01.1.13.

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Two field experiments with different levels of phosphorous and potassiumfertilizers were conducted to determine phosphatic and potassic fertilizersrequirements of mulberry under rain fed condition based on soil test values. Thebiomass production (yield) of mulberry at different levels of phosphorus andpotassium fertilizers were subjected to Mitscherlish- Bray equation to estimatethe important parameters responsible for mulberry growth and production,namely, theoretical maximum yield (A), efficiency factor for soil nutrient(C1) andefficiency factor for added fertilizer nutrient (C). By utilizing the estimated C1 andC values, a ready reckoner of phosphatic and potassic fertilizers requirements formulberry has been prepared with respect to sandy loam soil.

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Thamaraiselvi, R,, i K. Arulmozhiselvan. "Fixation of soluble forms of fertilizer phosphorus in salt affected soils of Ramanathapuram and Trichy districts and acid soil of Ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 12, nr 2 (10.06.2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.vi.2284.

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Soluble phosphorus (P) applied through phosphatic fertilizers is quickly converted into low soluble P compounds in soil. For evaluating fixation ability of P fertilizers laboratory incubation experiments were conducted with saline, sodic and acid soils. Phosphatic fertilizers selected were single super phosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP), monopotassium phosphate (MPP) and 19:19:19 N, P2O5, K2O % (All-19). Fixation of P was computed based on the amount of P recovered after addition of P in the soil in increasing levels. At a typical P addition at 16 kg ha-1 the results were compared in all soils. In saline soil, high fixation of P occurred when DAP (12.18 kg ha-1) and MPP (11.28 kg ha-1) were applied. In sodic soil, high fixation of P resulted when SSP (7.10 kg ha-1) was applied. In acid soil, high fixation of P occurred when All -19 (12.64 kg ha-1), MAP (12.40 kg ha-1), SSP (12.22 kg ha-1), and DAP (11.74 kg ha-1) were applied. With all forms of phosphatic fertilizers fixation of added P occurred to the extent of 57.9 to 79.0 per cent in acid soil, 55.0 to 70.5 per cent in saline soil and 25.5 to 44.4 per cent in sodic soil. In saline soil availability of P might be higher for SSP and All-19 compared to ammonium/ potassium phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, MPP, MAP and All-19 may be preferably applied in sodic/ acid soils alternative to SSP or DAP for realizing higher P release in soils from added fertilizers for the benefit of crop utilization.

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P, SINGARAM, i KOTHANDARAMAN G.V. "RESIDUAL EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS SOURCES ON THE AVAILABILITY OF P IN BLACKGRAM". Madras Agricultural Journal 80, November (1993): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01708.

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A field experiment was conducted during 1985-86 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore with five phosphatic fertilizer sources and three levels to study the residual effect of fertilizers added to the preceeding crops of fingermillet and maize. Aresidual crop of blackgram was raised in a cropping sequence of fingermillet-maize-blackgram and the results indiciated that the availability of soil P increased significantly with all the five sources viz., single superphosphate, rock phosphate, rock phosphate + single superphosphate, rock phosphate + phosphobacterium and Diammonium phosphate. The higher level (90 kg P2 Os/ha) resulted in enhanced availability of phosphorus in all the five sources.

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Mall, I. D. "Environmental Impact of Fertilizer Production, its Use and Role of EIA in Sustainable Fertilizer and Agriculture Development". Environment Conservation Journal 1, nr 1 (16.03.2000): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2000.010104.

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The paper presents a critical appraisal of the environmental pollution problems arising due to the production and use of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers. The paper also highlights their impact on various components of environment and role of environmental impact assessment in sustainable fertilizer and agricultural development.

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NR, Amaizah, D. Cakmak, E. Saljnikov, G. Roglic, N. Kokovic i D. Manojlovic. "Effect of waste Al-phosphate on soil and plant ". Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 3 (19.01.2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/706/2012-pse.

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Irreplaceability of phosphorus as a necessary macroelement in crop production is due to limited resources and costly processing of ores and immobilization in soil, which force for seeking an alternative sources or the use of waste materials. In this paper, the waste aluminum phosphate from pharmaceutical factory used as phosphate fertilizer and its effects were compared with other phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate and rock phosphate). Except the analysis of available phosphorus (AL-method) the sequential extraction of phosphorus (modified Chang and Jackson) and sequential extraction of aluminum (modified Tessier) were performed. The experimental plant was mustard (Sinapis alba). The pot experiment was carried out on two soil types: Stagnosol and Vertisol. Application of phosphorus with aluminum phosphate had the same effect as the application of other phosphatic fertilizers in both soil types. In Stagnosol Al-phosphate directly influenced the increase in plant fresh weight by 39% and dry weight by 43% compared to the control, and also decreased the content of mobile Al for 40% and Pb for 47% in plant biomass. Based on these results, the use of waste aluminum phosphate has a potential to be used as a phosphorus fertilizer under given conditions.

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Yang, Jin Tian, Guo Xiang Pan i Bin Cheng. "Preparation and Slow-Release Properties of Clay-Based Phosphatic Fertilizers". Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (styczeń 2012): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.974.

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With potassium dihydrogen phosphate acting as raw material, using grinding and adsorption methods to prepare diffrent kinds of clay-based phosphatic fertilizers. And later, using sodium alginate to coat the fertilizers. Choosing soil leaching method to evaluate their slow-release properties. The results indicate that carrier properties have great influences on slow-release properties, the effect of different carriers are as follows: bentonite > kaolin> common earth. The coordinated role of bentonite and hydrotalcite to the slow-release properties is better than the single role of bentonite. The coating of sodium alginate can improve the slow-release properties of clay-based fertilizers.

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Grishaev, I. G., i A. A. Gordin. "Intensification of cooling of phosphatic salts and fertilizers". Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 46, nr 5-6 (wrzesień 2010): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-010-9337-2.

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Haque, MA, i MK Khan. "Effects of Phosphatic Biofertilizer with Inorganic and Organic Sources of Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Lentil". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5, nr 2 (29.04.2013): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14819.

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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphatic biofertilizer with inorganic or organic sources of P on lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) (var. Binamasur 2), Phosphatic biofertilizer (PB). All the fertilizers and cowdung were applied on the basis of soil test values and Integrated Plant Nutrient System (IPNS). Mixed cultures of two phosphate solubilizing bacteria were used as phosphatic biofertilizer (PB). PB was applied as liquid form with lentil seeds before sowing. Phosphatic biofertilizer with inorganic or organic sources of P influenced the growth and yield attributes and yields of lentil at both the locations. Phosphatic biofertilizer with 50% P from TSP gave the highest seed and stover yields as well as total P uptake by lentil compared to the 100% P from TSP. The results revealed that 50% inorganic or organic sources of P can be saved by the integrated using of phosphatic biofertilizer for the lentil cultivation in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14819 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 225-230 2012

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Mclaughlin, MJ, KG Tiller, R. Naidu i DP Stevens. "Review: the behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers". Soil Research 34, nr 1 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960001.

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The risks of contaminants accumulating in soils and crops due to inadvertent addition of impurities in agricultural fertilizers and soil amendments were assessed for Australian conditions. Elements considered of concern were arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), fluorine (F), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg). Consideration of background concentrations of these elements in Australian soils, inputs to soil in fertilizers and offtake in harvested crops indicates that Cd and F will accumulate in fertilized soils at a faster rate than As, Pb or Hg. The major factors affecting the accumulation of fertilizer-derived Cd, F, Hg and Pb in soils and their transfer to agricultural crops are reviewed in an Australian context where data are available. Cadmium is the element of most concern as its transfer from soils to the edible portions of agricultural food crops is significantly greater than for other elements. After consideration of the behaviour of F, Hg and Pb in the soil-plant system, we conclude that these elements pose negligible risk of accumulating to toxic concentrations in agricultural food crops. Proposed regulations governing maximum permitted concentrations (MPCs) of F in soils may need review and critical concentrations of F in agricultural soils need definition, given current F loadings to soil from fertilizers. Some agricultural produce currently exceeds Australian MPCs for Cd. However, the levels observed in crops and soils are in a range similar to those found internationally. While Cd concentrations in Australian phosphatic fertilizers have been historically high in comparison with fertilizers used in other countries, lower inputs of fertilizer per unit area and less atmospheric contamination of soils have resulted in similar or lower Cd loadings to agricultural land compared with Europe. In recent years the use of phosphatic fertilizers with lower Cd concentrations and the development of plant cultivars which restrict Cd uptake should assist in control of Cd accumulation by crops. However, acidification and salinization of soils in Australia poses a threat in terms of increasing Cd concentrations in agricultural produce. In comparison with other trace metals, Cd availability to plants appears to decline only slowly with time, if at all. More Cd is currently added to Australian soils than is removed in agricultural produce or by leaching. It is therefore important that the long-term behaviour of Cd in Australian soils be assessed, to determine if Cd concentrations in agricultural produce will slowly increase over time.

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Bincy, B., M. V. Ravi i H. Latha. "Phosphorus Fractionation in Submerged Black Soil as Influenced by Different Phosphatic Fertilizers". International Journal of Economic Plants 10, May, 2 (18.05.2023): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0516a.

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A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted during December, 2017 to March, 2018 in Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Raichur, Karnataka, India to study the fractionation of phosphorus (P) in black soil amended with different phosphatic fertilizers under submerged condition. The soil were kept under subemerged condition for 90 days and phophatic fertilizers such as single super phosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and mussoorie rock phosphate (MRP) alone or in combination with FYM and PSB added through 13 treatment combinations. The soil was analyzed for various inorganic P fractions (saloid P, Al-P, Fe-P, RS-P, occluded P,Ca-P) for 90 days at definite intervals. The results showed that calcium bound P (Ca-P) was the dominant fraction in submerged black soil whereas saloid P recorded as the least dominant fraction. It has seen that application of phosphatic fertilizers significantly increased all the P fractions over control. All the forms of P viz., saloid P, aluminium phosphate (Al-P), iron phosphate (Fe-P),reductant soluble P (RS-P) and occluded P were higher for DAP treatment along with FYM and PSB as compared to SSP and MRP whereas application of MRP along with FYM and PSB recorded significantly higher Ca-P during the incubation period. All the fractions of P were significantly higher at 1st day of incubation after which it decreased with passage of incubation time.

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Johnstone, P. D., i A. G. Sinclair. "Replication requirements in field experiments for comparing phosphatic fertilizers". Fertilizer Research 29, nr 3 (wrzesień 1991): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01052402.

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Lozano, J. A. Fernández, i L. Sanvicente. "Multinutrient Phosphatic Base Fertilizers from Bittern and Sodium Phosphate". Chemie Ingenieur Technik 73, nr 6 (czerwiec 2001): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2640(200106)73:6<608::aid-cite6081111>3.0.co;2-s.

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Peres, Amanda Ribeiro, Gisele Herbst Vazquez i Renata Danielle Cardoso. "Physiological potential of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu seeds kept in contact with phosphatic fertilizers". Revista Brasileira de Sementes 34, nr 3 (2012): 424–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222012000300009.

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The effect of mixture of seeds of Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu, with different sources, granulometry, and phosphatic fertilizer doses during various periods of exposure on the physiological potential of the seeds has been assessed. The treatments consisted in seed exposure during periods of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h to the following fertilizers: ground granulated single superphosphate (SS), and powdered (SSp); and ground granulated ammonium monophosphate (AMP), at doses of 40 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1. Tests of germination, tetrazolium, moisture content, and vigor (first count, electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed, and fresh mass of seedlings) were performed. It has been concluded that seed physiological potential of B. brizantha cv. Marandu is reduced with increase on the exposure period to phosphatic fertilizer. Such effect, however, is dependent on the product source, granulometry, and dose. SSp was the most harmful to seeds, followed by SSp and AMP, respectively. Moreover, considering a 60% germination rate as acceptable, it may be inferred that seeds can be kept in contact with AMP and SSp, in dose of 80 kg of P2O5 ha-1, respectively, for periods of 71.2 and 16.2 hours.

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Becegato, Valter Antonio, Francisco José Fonseca Ferreira i William César Pollonio Machado. "Concentration of radioactive elements (U, Th and K) derived from phosphatic fertilizers in cultivated soils". Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, nr 6 (grudzień 2008): 1255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000600022.

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Gamma spectrometric measurements were obtained for the agricultural soils aiming at characterizing the spatial distribution of radionuclide concentrations (K, eU and eTh), as well for the samples of phosphatic fertilizers and agricultural gypsum. In the study areas, three types of soils occured: Eutrophic Red Nitosol (Alfisoil), Eutroferric Red Latosol of clayey texture (Oxisoil) and Dystrophic Red Latosol of medium texture (Oxisoil). The results showed that the radionuclide concentrations in more clayey soils were higher than in more sandy soils, mainly as a function of a higher adsorption capacity of the former. For the area where human activity predominated, the average contents of K, eU and eTh were respectively 54.75; 10.22 and 7.27 Bq/Kg, significantly higher than those for the area where no fertilizers were used (34.15 Bq/Kg K; 1.69 Bq/Kg eU, and 5.36 Bq/Kg eTh). Variations in the radionuclide concentrations were also observed in various fertilizer formula used in soybean and wheat crops.

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Souza, Carlos Henrique Eiterer de, Roberto dos A. Reis Jr, Victor Gustavo Soares Ribeiro, Murilo Mendes Machado, Miguel Martins Neto i Paulo Henrique Soares. "Enhanced-Efficiency Phosphorous Fertilizer Impacts on Corn and Common Bean Crops and Soil Phosphorus Diffusion". Journal of Agricultural Science 12, nr 7 (15.06.2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n7p15.

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Phosphorus (P) supply to crops is a major constraint on the quantity and quality of food production in tropical soils, which are often characterized by highly weathered soils having low phosphorus use efficiency. Increasing P fertilizer use efficiency is a good tool for increasing food production to feed an increasing world population. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizer is used to achieve this goal. The lack of information about soil P diffusive flux and corn and common bean yield response with increased efficiency P fertilizers justify studies to evaluate the performance of this type of fertilizer. The aims of this study were to evaluate P diffusive flux and corn and common bean crop response to P sources and rates. A laboratory trial was carried out to evaluate soil P diffusive flux in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP). Field trials were carried out to evaluate corn and common bean yields in response to P sources (MAP and Policote coated MAP) and rates. Policote, an additive based on water-soluble polymers, is an anionic copolymer with iron an aluminum affinity. Increasing contact time between P-fertilizers and soil reduced phosphorus diffusive flux. Policote coated P-fertilizer resulted in higher phosphorus diffusion than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilization increased corn and common bean yields. Policote coated phosphorus fertilizer resulted in higher agronomic P efficiency use, corn, and common bean yields than conventional phosphorus fertilizer. Policote coated P fertilizer can be used as an enhanced efficiency fertilizer and is a more efficient way to deliver required phosphorous to plants. Reducing farm investment, increasing agricultural profits, preserve phosphatic rocks reserves, and avoid the overuse of phosphate fertilizer could be realized through the rational use of enhanced efficiency fertilizers and fertilizer rate use reduction.

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Khan, Khuram Shehzad, Muhammad Naveed, Muhammad Farhan Qadir, Muhammad Yaseen i Manzer H. Siddiqui. "Bio-Organically Acidified Product-Mediated Improvements in Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization, Uptake and Yielding of Zea mays in Calcareous Soil". Plants 12, nr 17 (27.08.2023): 3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173072.

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The demand for a better agricultural productivity and the available phosphorus (P) limitation in plants are prevailing worldwide. Poor P availability due to the high pH and calcareous nature of soils leads to a lower P fertilizer use efficiency of 10–25% in Pakistan. Among different technologies, the use of biologically acidified amendments could be a potential strategy to promote soil P availability and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) in alkaline calcareous soils. However, this study hypothesized that an acidified amendment could lower soil pH and solubilize the insoluble soil P that plants can potentially uptake and use to improve their growth and development. For this purpose, the test plant Zea mays was planted in greenhouse pots with a recommended dose rate of 168 kg ha−1 of P for selected phosphatic fertilizers, viz., DAP (diammonium phosphate), SSP (single superphosphate), and RP (rock phosphate) with or without 2% of the acidified product and a phosphorus solubilizing Bacillus sp. MN54. The results showed that the integration of acidified amendments and PSB strain MN54 with P fertilizers improved P fertilizer use efficiency (FUE), growth, yield, and P uptake of Zea mays as compared to sole application of P fertilizers. Overall, organic material along with DAP significantly improved plant physiological-, biochemical-, and nutrition-related attributes over the sole application of DAP. Interestingly, the co-application of RP with the acidified product and MN54 showed a higher response than the sole application of DAP and SSP. However, based on our study findings, we concluded that using RP with organic amendments was a more economically and environmentally friendly approach compared to the most expensive DAP fertilizer. Taken together, the current study suggests that the use of this innovative new strategy could have the potential to improve FUE and soil P availability via pH manipulation, resulting in an improved crop productivity and quality/food security.

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Yin, Zhongwei, Fachao Shi, Hongmei Jiang, Daniel P. Roberts, Sanfeng Chen i Bingquan Fan. "Phosphate solubilization and promotion of maize growth by Penicillium oxalicum P4 and Aspergillus niger P85 in a calcareous soil". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 61, nr 12 (grudzień 2015): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0358.

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Alternative tactics for improving phosphorus nutrition in crop production are needed in China and elsewhere, as the overapplication of phosphatic fertilizers can adversely impact agricultural sustainability. Penicillium oxalicum P4 and Aspergillus niger P85 were isolated from a calcareous soil in China that had been exposed to excessive application of phosphatic fertilizer for decades. Each isolate excreted a number of organic acids into, acidified, and solubilized phosphorus in a synthetic broth containing insoluble tricalcium phosphate or rock phosphate. Isolate P4, applied as a seed treatment, increased maize fresh mass per plant when rock phosphate was added to the calcareous soil in greenhouse pot studies. Isolate P85 did not increase maize fresh mass per plant but did significantly increase total phosphorus per plant when rock phosphate was added. Significant increases in 7 and 4 organic acids were detected in soil in association with isolates P4 and P85, respectively, relative to the soil-only control. The quantity and (or) number of organic acids produced by these isolates increased when rock phosphate was added to the soil. Both isolates also significantly increased available phosphorus in soil in the presence of added rock phosphate and effectively colonized the maize rhizosphere. Studies reported here indicate that isolate P4 is adapted to and capable of promoting maize growth in a calcareous soil. Plant-growth promotion by this isolate is likely due, at least in part, to increased phosphorus availability resulting from the excretion of organic acids into, and the resulting acidification of, this soil.

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Sharangi, A. B., i P. K. Sahu. "Effect of Placement and Dose of Phosphatic Fertilizers on Onion". Journal of Plant Nutrition 32, nr 11 (9.10.2009): 1901–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160903242383.

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Ben Abdelouahed, H., i N. Reguigui. "Radiotracer investigation of phosphoric acid and phosphatic fertilizers production process". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 289, nr 1 (22.03.2011): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-011-1035-9.

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Pakuła, Krzysztof, Beata Kuziemska, Marcin Becher i Aleksandra Kiepuszewska. "ANALYSIS OF SUPP LY LOGISTICS OF PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN THE ARTIFICIAL FERTILIZERS". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, nr 3 (28.06.2018): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1505.

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The aim of the work was to assess the supplying process of production means in private farms with diversified area and profile production (mixed production – cattle breeding and cereal cultivation, and one-way production – cereal cultivation). Mineral fertilizers were bought by all surveyed farmers, the most – NPK fertilizers, the least – phosphatic fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers and plant protection products were bought most often twice a year and stored up to 7 days (mainly larger farms, regardless of the production profile). Lime fertilizers were purchased most often once a year, especially farms specialized in crop production.

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Khan, Madeeha. "Enhancing Phosphorus Bioavailability in Maize through Phosphorus Solubilizing Fungi". International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 27, nr 04 (1.04.2022): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1927.

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This study was to explore the beneficial interactive effects of fungal inoculum alone or in conjunction with phosphatic fertilizer on maize (Zea mays L.). We conducted a greenhouse pot experiment in soil which included four treatments such as control, Penecillium oxalicum, Aspergiilus niger, P. oxalicum + A. niger at three different levels of phosphatic fertilizers (0, 100, and 200 mg kg-1). The plant height, fresh weight of root/shoot biomass and dry weight of root/shoot biomass and soil chemical properties were recorded. We evaluated the growth parameters of maize and phosphorus (P) uptake in maize were highest in treatment I3 × F2 (Penecillium+Aspergillus + 200 mg P kg-1) followed by I2 × F2 (Aspergillus + 200 mg P kg-1) over rest of the treatments. The beneficial effect was decreased where alone fertilizer dose was added as compared to those where it was added with the co-inoculation of phosphorus solubilizing fungi (PSF). It was observed that soil pH, total organic carbon and available P significantly changed because of various treatments. Based on these evidences, it could be inferred that increasing the maize growth by fungal culture improves soil P fertility, which is favorable to succeeding crops. Further research is needed to understand the chemistry of co-inoculation of fungal inoculum with phosphatic fertilizer. © 2022 Friends Science Publishers

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Choudhary, Sarita, Ram Hari Meena, S. C. Meena, Seema Pooniyan i Santosh Yadav. "Introduction of Rock Phosphate Tailing and Single Super Phosphate Inoculated with PSB Enhance Phosphorus use Efficiency, Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)". Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, nr 02 (2024): 754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02.056.

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Continuous rise in the price of phosphatic fertilizers is causing a burden on the farmers. This experiment was undertaken with the purpose of developing a strategy to utilize and solubilize rock phosphate tailing from Jhamarkotra mines Udaipur District, Rajasthan, India through different combinations with SSP inoculated with phosphate solubilizing bacteria and observed their effectiveness as P source against commercial single super phosphate (SSP) using wheat as the test crop. Control (without P application) and P application through RPT and SSP inoculation through PSB in different combination were also included for comparison. Results shows that application of 50% RDP through SSP and 50% RDP through RPT along with PSB significantly better performed than other treatments in terms of P use efficiency of soil and yield of wheat. This study could help to utilize Jhamarkotra rock phosphate tailing as a P source for wheat, with combination with SSP and seed inoculation with PSB and reduce the dependence on commercial fertilizers like SSP.

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Khairnar, H. S., i C. C. Patel. "Phosphatic fertilizers and plant morphology vs. incidence of pests in Cowpea". Indian Journal of Entomology 77, nr 3 (2015): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2015.00061.9.

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Pezzarossa, B., F. Malorgio, L. Lubrano, F. Tognoni i G. Petruzzelli. "Phosphatic fertilizers as a source of heavy metals in protected cultivation". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 21, nr 9-10 (czerwiec 1990): 737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629009368266.

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GUPTA, A. P., S. S. KHANNA i N. K. TOMAR. "EFFECT OF SODICITY ON THE UTILIZATION OF PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS BY WHEAT". Soil Science 139, nr 1 (styczeń 1985): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198501000-00007.

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Asokan, Aparna, Snehita Chauhan i Prem Kishor Kumar. "Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) mediated solubilization of phosphorus in clayey soil". Environment Conservation Journal 12, nr 1&2 (17.06.2011): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2011.121211.

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One of the major essential macronutrient for plant is phosphorous and is applied to soil in the form of chemical phosphatic fertilizers which is immobilized rapidly and becomes unavailable to plants. Microorganisms are involved in the transformation of soil P and is thus an integral part of the soil P cycle. In particular, soil microorganisms are effective in releasing P from inorganic and organic pools of total soil P through solubilization and mineralization. P-solubilization ability of the microorganisms is considered to be one of the most important properties. The adverse impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment and the less cost effectiveness stimulates the exploration of Phosphate solubilisers. 2/3rd of phosphate fertilizer is unavailable within a very short period of its application due to fixation in the soil complex. To overcome the problem of phosphorus solubilisation and to raise its concentration in soil, the present work was undertaken which deals with the isolation and inoculation of VAM spores from four sets of soil sample mainly clayey textured soil as classified on the basis of its morphological characteristics done through particle size analysis. The result of the present study showed that AM symbiosis associated with plant roots and soil aggregates optimizes the phosphorus solubilization and it is confirmed by the physico-chemical and biochemical estimations along with the mineralogical studies, where the results are within expectations.

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Kumaragamage, D., O. O. Akinremi, C. M. Cho i T. B. Goh. "Phosphorus diffusion from monocalcium phosphate co-applied with salts in a calcareous soil". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 84, nr 4 (1.11.2004): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s03-084.

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Mixing non-phosphatic salts with fertilizer P influences the solubility and mobility of P in soils. Little evidence, however, is available regarding the mechanisms causing such effects. The object ives of this study were to investigate the effects of mixing fertilizer P with (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4 or (NH2)2CO on the diffusion of P in a calcareous soil (Gleyed Rego Black Chernozem), and to identify the causes for such effects. To the surface of 50-mm-long soil columns, maintained at field capacity water content, 32P-labelled monocalcium phosphate (MCP) was applied alone or in combination with (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4 or (NH2)2CO. Ratios of applied P:N, P:Mg and P:S were 1:5, 1:4.5 and 1:6, respectively. Extraction and analysis of each 2-mm layer of the columns after incubation for 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk revealed that the addition of (NH4)2SO4 and MgSO4 with MCP significantly increased P diffusion whereas (NH2)2CO had little or no effect. The mechanisms of such effects were identified using a multi-ionic, mechanistic, diffusion model. According to model predictions, the dissolution of MCP was increased by more than twofold when mixed with (NH4)2SO4 and MgSO4, and by 1.2-fold when mixed with urea. The main difference between SO4 salts and urea in affecting P diffusion was the competition between the anion of the salt and P for precipitation with Ca. Sulphate competed strongly with P, reducing the precipitation of Ca phosphates. Application of urea increased soil pH initially, but eventually soil pH decreased with nitrification of NH4. Initial increase in pH to above 8.0 favoured precipitation of Ca phosphate, but the pH was not high enough to favour CaCO3 precipitation. The application of P fertilizers with fertilizers containing SO4 could be beneficial in calcareous soils due to enhancement of P solubility and mobility. Key words: Calcareous soils, phosphorus diffusion, precipitation, sulphate salts, transport model, urea

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El—Saei, M. A., Z. M. Elsirafy, A. A. Haggag i Hayam EI-Shabourym. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SOME PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS UNDER NEWELY RECLAIMED EGYPTIAN SOILS". Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 31, nr 4 (1.04.2006): 2471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2006.203124.

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Schorr, Michael, i Benjamin Valdez. "The phosphoric acid industry: equipment, materials, and corrosion". Corrosion Reviews 34, nr 1-2 (1.03.2016): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0061.

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AbstractPhosphoric acid (PA) is an important industrial chemical used as an intermediate in the fertilizer industry, for metal surface treatment in the metallurgical industry, and as an additive in the food industry. Wet-process PA (WPA) is produced by the attack of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on phosphate rock (PR). Other wet processes use HCl and posterior solvent extraction technology. The corrosivity of phosphate ores, during the production of WPA, depends on two main factors: the chloride content and the interaction between HF formed in the WPA reaction slurry with SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO present in the ore. Many forms of corrosion, mainly localized, are encountered in the PA production plants and facilities such as erosion-corrosion (EC), selective corrosion, pitting, stress-corrosion cracking, intergranular corrosion, and corrosion at high temperature. Laboratory and plant corrosion tests were performed to recognize the corrosion types; EC measuring instruments were developed, built, and applied. The PA industry is spread out worldwide in Europe, Asia, Africa and America, including countries that operate PR mines and produces PA, phosphatic fertilizers, and phosphate-based products. Cases of corrosion in PA industrial equipment and plants are presented and discussed, based on the authors’ experience and knowledge.

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Rao, E. V. S. Prakasa, K. Puttanna i M. Singh. "Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and farmyard manure on yield and alkaloid concentration in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don". Journal of Agricultural Science 110, nr 1 (luty 1988): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600079855.

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Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) is an important medicinal plant grown in different parts of India. Its leaves contain vincristine and vinblastin, alkaloids which are used in the treatment of various leukaemias and limphomas, and its roots contain ajmalcine, another alkaloid, used in the manufacture of antihypertensive drugs. Cultivation of periwinkle has recently gained importance in India. The yield of periwinkle can be increased with the use of mineral fertilizers (Pareek et al. 1981, 1982; Rajasekharan et al. 1982; Reghunath & Sethumadhavan, 1982a, b; Hegde, 1986). The effect of fertilizer application on the alkaloid concentration is not clearly established though there are a few reports which suggest that application of N increases alkaloid concentration in roots (Rajasekharan et al. 1982; Reghunath & Sethumadhavan, 1982a) and leaves (Pareek et al. 1982). Therefore, the present experiment was designed to study the effect of application of nitrogen and phosphatic fertilizers and farmyard manure on the root and leaf yields, and total alkaloid concentrations in roots and leaves in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don.

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Mehdi, S. M., N. Sajjad ., M. Sarfraz ., B. Y. Khalid ., G. Hassan . i M. Sadiq . "Response of Wheat to Different Phosphatic Fertilizers in Varying Textured Salt Affected Soils". Journal of Applied Sciences 3, nr 7 (15.06.2003): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2003.474.480.

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Banerjee, Mahua, Raj Kumar Rai i Debtanu Maiti. "Root characteristics of maize as influenced by various phosphatic chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers". Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 56, nr 6 (grudzień 2010): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03650340903207915.

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Kothari, Deepali, Nirmala Pargaien, Lalit Mohan Tewari, Harsh Kumar Dikshit, Gyan Prakash Mishra, Muraleedhar S. Aski, Ruchi Bansal, Sanjeev Gupta, Shiv Kumar i Ramakrishnan Madhavan Nair. "Genetic Variation for Traits Related to Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Vigna Species". Agronomy 13, nr 2 (19.01.2023): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020305.

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Phosphorus (P) is a major limiting nutrient reducing crop yields especially in weathered soils of the subtropics and tropics. P exhibits poor mobility and availability to plants in soil. To overcome P deficiency in soil, phosphatic fertilizers are added. Global phosphate rock reserves are finite, and the addition of phosphatic fertilizers is not financially and ecologically sustainable. Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is important grain legume for nutritional security. Attempts are being made to develop mungbean varieties with better P-use efficiency through enhanced P uptake and utilization. In the present study, 327 accessions of 18 Vigna species were examined for inter- and intra-specific variation for traits related to phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency under hydroponic conditions at two levels of phosphorus. Significant species-specific variation was recorded for studied traits. Among the studied Vigna species, mungbean exhibited higher phosphorus use efficiency. Seven mungbean genotypes (IC 251950, IC 585931, V1002532AG, IC 371653, IC 331615, V1001400AG, and V1000532BG) were found to be promising for both PupE and PutiE. Using mean and standard deviation as criteria, mungbean genotypes identified with high phosphorus-use efficiency include IC 25950 and IC 583664. Mungbean genotypes KPS 1546, IC 277060, IC 697141, IC 343440, and Pusa 0831 were identified based on the stress tolerance index as genotypes that performed better under P stress. Cultivated species revealed higher PUE in comparison withwild forms. The most promising genotype identified from this study for PUE can be used as a parent for the development of a mapping population of mungbean for understanding genetics of PUE under a low-phosphorus environment.

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Saboor, Abdul, Muhammad Iqbal, Usman K. Chaudry i Haroon Shehzad. "Integrated Use of Phosphatic Fertilizer and Farm Manure on Soil Physical Properties and Maize Yield". Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing 3, nr 2 (17.12.2021): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jacm.003.02.4414.

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Soil fertility, one of the important determinants of agricultural productivity, is generally thought to be supplemented through the application of nutrients mainly through inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments. The physical health of the soil creating suitable environment for the availability and uptake of these nutrients is generally ignored. The present study was aims to characterize the soil physical environment in relation to integrated application of farm manure (FM) and inorganic fertilizer in hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). A Field experiment was conducted at Research Area of Institute of Soil Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the impact of different levels of DAP fertilizer @ 70:80:90 kg ha-1 in combination with FM @ 0, 5, 10 Mg ha-1 to check the soil physical properties as well as yield of hybrid maize. The experimental design was RCBD under factorial structure with 9 treatments replicated thrice. Crop was harvested at maturity and taking observations like physical parameters (Bulk density, porosity, infiltration rate, field saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil strength) and yield parameters (1000 grain weight, plant height, total grain yield) following standard procedures. Results showed that integrated use of farm manure and phosphorus rates significantly affect the plant height, grain yield of maize. Farm maure and phosphorus levels also increased soil porosity and soil hydraulic conductivity. But it reduced the soil bulk density and soil strength. So to improve soil physical properties, to gain substantial yield of maize phosphorus rates applied in a planned manner rather than excessive use and effects of farm manure should also be kept under consideration.

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Mohanty, S., G. H. Santra, P. P. Rout i S. Mishra. "Combined effect of rock phosphate with single super phosphate on yield and phosphorus use efficiency under maize-groundnut cropping sequence in Alfisols of Odisha". Journal of Environmental Biology 42, nr 4 (1.07.2021): 1046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/4/mrn-1558.

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Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined application of rock phosphate with water soluble phosphorus fertilizers on its efficiency in relation to soil and crop production. Methodology: Rock phosphate and single super phosphate were used as supplemental source of phosphorus and applied in variable combinations at graded doses, with maize and groundnut as test crop. Lime was applied in combination with 100% SSP to analyse its effect. The composite surface (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected at critical growth stages of maize and groundnut and further analyzed for different physical and physico-chemical characteristics. The plant samples were collected from each treatment at harvest stage for nutrient analyses. Results: Application of rock Phosphate increased the available phosphorus in soil. The combined treatment significantly influenced the yield attributes and nutrient uptake of both maize and groundnut crops. Among the combination, equal proportion of soluble single super phosphate and insoluble rock phosphate source of P outreached the other combination ratios. The highest agronomic phosphorus use efficiency and relative agronomic efficiency of the cropping sequence was obtained with the combined treatment of Single super phosphate along with lime. Interpretation: Combination of rock phosphate which has been reported to be farmer’s pocket friendly along with single super phosphate under acid soil conditions holds the potential to produce better results as compared to use of lone conventional water soluble phosphatic fertilizer like single super phosphate.

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Abd El Hameed, Amany H., Wedad E. Eweda, Khadiga A. A. Abou-Taleb i H. I. Mira. "Biosorption of uranium and heavy metals using some local fungi isolated from phosphatic fertilizers". Annals of Agricultural Sciences 60, nr 2 (grudzień 2015): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.10.003.

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Крамарьов, С. М., О. С. Крамарьов, А. О. Христенко, Л. М. Токмакова, С. І. Жученко, В. А. Сироватко, Ю. А. Цьова i К. В. Сироватко. "Порівняльна оцінка вмісту рухомого фосфору в різних генетичних горизонтах чорнозему звичайного". Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, nr 1-2 (26.06.2015): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2015.1-2.04.

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Чорноземи звичайні на лесових породах важкого ґра-нулометричного складу Північного Степу України міс-тять підвищену кількість апатитоподібних сполук.Унаслідок цього використання будь-яких кислотних ме-тодів, у тому числі ГОСТ 26204-91 (метод Чирикова),призводить до істотного штучного завищення оцінкифосфатного стану ґрунтів (на 40-80 мг Р2О5/кг ґрунту).Для діагностики фосфатного стану даних ґрунтів, згід-но з вимогами нормативних документів України, слідвикористовувати наступні стандарти: ДСТУ 4114(метод Мачігина), ДСТУ 4727 (метод Карпінського-Зам’ятіної) і ДСТУ ISO 11263 (метод Olsen). Реальнаприродна забезпеченість орного шару чорноземів зви-чайних фосфором відповідає межі низької і середньоїзабезпеченості цим елементом живлення рослин, щопідтверджується відомими емпіричними даними провисоку ефективність фосфорних добрив на цих ґрунтах.Підвищеною або високою забезпеченістю фосфоромхарактеризується лише орний шар ґрунтів, що міститьзалишкові фосфати добрив, а також верхній ґумусовийгоризонт цілинних ґрунтів. Тому, для отримання високихврожаїв із високою якістю на чорноземах звичайнихПівнічного Степу України необхідно вносити не меншефосфорних добрив, ніж на інших ґрунтах країни виходя-чи з даних ґрунтової діагностики. Ordinary chernozem on the loess breeds of heavy granulometric composition of north Steppe zone of Ukraine contain the promoted amount of patitapaban chemical compounds. As a result of this the use of any acid methods, including GOST 26204-91 (Chirikov’s method) results in the substantial artificial overstating of estimation of the phosphatic state of soils (on 40–80 mgs of Р2О5/kg of soil). For diagnostics of the phosphatic state of these soils (in obedience to the requirements of normative documents of Ukraine) it is necessary to use the followings standards: GOST 4114 (Machigin’s method), GOST 4727 (method of Karpinskiy-Zamyatina) and GOST ISO 11263 (method of Olsen). Natural material well-being of arable layer of chernozem ordinary phosphorus matches the limit of low and middle well-being this element of the plants feed, that is confirmed the known empiric information about high efficiency of phosphoric fertilizers on these soils. The arable layer of soils, which contains the remaining phosphates of fertilizers, and also overhead humus horizon of virgin soils has high level of phosphorus. Therefore, for the receipt of high harvests with high quality on chernozem ordinary of north Steppe of Ukraine it is necessary to bring in not less phosphoric fertilizers, that on other soils of country (based on information of gravel diagnostics).

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Haque, MA, MM Ali i MSH Bhuiyan. "Production of phospho-vermicompost by earthworms mediated bio-conversion of organic residues and rock phosphate". Progressive Agriculture 31, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v31i3.52124.

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A glass house experiment was conducted to develop phospho-vermicompost using different combination of organic residues amended with rock phosphate and earthworms at the Soil Science Division, BINA, Mymensingh. The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments were as T1:50% Cowdung (CD) + 50% Mustard straw (MST), T2:50% CD + 50% Water hyacinth (WH), T3:50% CD + 50% Rice straw (RST), T4:50% CD + 25% WH + 25% RST, T5:50% CD + 50% MST + 4% Rock phosphate (RP), T6:50% CD + 50% WH + 4% RP, T7:50% CD + 50% RST + 4% RP, T8:50% CD + 25% WH + 25% RST + 4% RP. About 150 earth worms (Eisenia foetida or Red wiggler earthworms) were released on partial decomposed residues into the pots. At the end of the incubation, population of earthworms, total bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria were determined from prepared vermicompost. pH, organic carbon, total N, P, K, S, available P and alkaline phosphatase activity were also determined from prepared vermicomposts. pH was found almost similar in all the treatment combinations but with rock phosphate amended treatments showed greater pH than without rock phosphate amended treatments. The treatment T8 (50% cowdung +25% water hyacinth +25% rice straw with 4% rock phosphate powder + red wiggler earthworms) showed significantly highest population of earthworms, total bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALPA) and gave lower C:N and C:P ratio which might be resulted the higher amount of nutrients including available P in mature vermicompost. However, among the treatments, the treatments T8 gave the highest total N (1.42%), P (1.45%), K (1.52%) and S (0.35%) and available P contents than that of other treatments which indicated the better quality of phospho-vermicompost. Therefore, 50% cowdung +25% water hyacinth +25% rice straw with 4% rock phosphate powder and red wiggler earthworms could be used for the production of phospho-vermicompost. The developed phospho-vermicompost could be used for supplement of phosphatic fertilizer and other chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of different crops and also could be saved of chemical fertilizers. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 195-204, 2020

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K. Ghosal, P., i T. Chakraborty. "Comparative Solubility Study of Four Phosphatic Fertilizers in Different Solvents and the Effect of Soil". Resources and Environment 2, nr 4 (31.08.2012): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/j.re.20120204.07.

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Vandana, S. "Effect of Different Sources of Phosphatic Fertilizers on Soybean (Glycine max L.) Growth and Yield". International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5, nr 5 (30.11.2017): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2802.

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Mandal, Asit, T. J. Purakayastha, A. K. Patra i S. K. Sanyal. "PHYTOREMEDIATION OF ARSENIC CONTAMINATED SOIL BYPTERIS VITTATAL. I. INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHATIC FERTILIZERS AND REPEATED HARVESTS". International Journal of Phytoremediation 14, nr 10 (listopad 2012): 978–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2011.649433.

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Bezzola, Laura C., Silvia C. Lopez i Nestor O. Barbaro. "Effectiveness of different phosphatic fertilizers measured using labelled superphosphate and phosphorus taken up by plants". Fertilizer Research 39, nr 1 (1994): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00750154.

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El-Ghamry, A., E. El-Naggar i M. Shams El-Dean. "Effect of Method Additions with and without Soaking in Phosphatic Fertilizers on Faba Bean Plant". Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 9, nr 2 (1.02.2018): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jssae.2018.35584.

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Wahid, Fazli, Shah Fahad, Subhan Danish, Muhammad Adnan, Zhen Yue, Shah Saud, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Martin Brtnicky, Tereza Hammerschmiedt i Rahul Datta. "Sustainable Management with Mycorrhizae and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria for Enhanced Phosphorus Uptake in Calcareous Soils". Agriculture 10, nr 8 (5.08.2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080334.

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Low availability of phosphorus (P) in calcareous soils is a major problem for sustainable improvement in cereals crops yield. A higher amount of calcium in soils precipitates the P, thus making it immobile in soil. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) could be helpful in the sustainable management of immobile P in soil. However, their combined use in releasing P from rock phosphate (RP) in alkaline calcareous soils have been little investigated. In this regard, two successive field experiments were conducted to assess the interactive inoculation potential of AMF and PSB strain Bacillus sp. PIS7 with RP on the yield and P uptake of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops in alkaline calcareous soil. The first field experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with 10 treatments and three replications by inoculating maize seeds with AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 inoculum alone and in combination with RP. Their performance was compared with single super phosphate (SSP) inorganic fertilizer. Afterward, the residual effects of inoculated AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 were investigated on wheat as a subsequent crop. Maize and wheat yield parameters, P uptake, AMF root colonization, and PSB population was measured. The results of both trials indicated the beneficial effects of AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 with RP in increasing the plants grain yield and P uptake until the second season after inoculation, as compared to controls. Likewise, maize and wheat roots colonization, PSB population density, and post-harvest soil properties were also improved by the combined inoculation of AMF and Bacillus sp. PIS7 with RP. It is concluded that PSB solubilizes the unavailable forms of P in combination with RP fertilizers in soil, and AMF ultimately transfers it to plants for growth promotion. Moreover, the combined inoculation of AMF and PSB with ground RP had more potential to improve maize-wheat yields and P uptake comparable to those obtained by using expensive phosphatic fertilizers in P deficient calcareous pH soils.

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Hasbullah, Nur Aainaa, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed i Nik Muhamad Ab Majid. "Effects of Amending Phosphatic Fertilizers with Clinoptilolite Zeolite on Phosphorus Availability and Its Fractionation in an Acid Soil". Applied Sciences 10, nr 9 (1.05.2020): 3162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093162.

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Soils of the tropics are highly weathered, acidic, and low in phosphorus (P) because of high contents of Al and Fe. Satisfactory P supply is essential to ensure optimum soil and crop productivity. Thus, there is a need for amending soils with zeolite to improve availability of P in acid soils as this mineral can fix Fe and Al instead of P. This study was undertaken to determine the transformations of P fertilizers in acid soils following application of Clinoptilolite zeolite (CZ) in laboratory (incubation) and pot trials. An acid soil was incubated with a recommended fertilization rate and a reduced amount of the existing recommended fertilization by 25% but substituting this reduction with an equivalent amount of CZ. Triple superphosphate (TSP), Egypt Rock phosphate (ERP), and Christmas Island Rock phosphate (CIRP) were used as P sources. Selected soil chemical properties, inorganic P fractions, available P, and total P of the native soil were determined before and after the laboratory and pot trials. Zea mays L. (test crop) plant dry matter production, P concentration, P uptake, and P use efficiency were also determined using standard procedures. Effects of the treatments with CZ compared to the recommended fertilization on P fixation were similar. In the laboratory study, the treatments with TSP showed lower dominance of Fe–P but more pronounced in Al–P, whereas for the RPs, Ca–P was dominant. In the pot study, Al–P, Ca–P, and Fe–P were rather pronounced in the treatments with TSP, ERP, and CIRP, respectively. There was a decrease in exchangeable Al and soil titratable acidity because of the ability of the CZ to increase soil pH. Although the availability of P was not significant with the inclusion of CZ in the incubation study, dry matter production, P concentration, P uptake, and P use efficiency in the pot trial were comparable with that of the existing/recommended fertilization, suggesting that the CZ is beneficial and could be used to reduce the P fertilizer requirement for Zea mays L. cultivation on acid soils. Regardless of type of P fertilizer, prevalence of the moderately labile P fractions (Al–P, Fe–P, and Ca–P) of the incubation and pot studies acted as slow-release P sources to contribute to long-term P release. Further studies on the potential of CZ to reduce fertilization and its effects on soil and crop productivity are essential. It is also important to determine the economic benefits of including CZ in Zea mays L. cultivation.

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