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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Phoenician Tombs”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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1

Mustafa, Bashar. "Ras al-Shagry tomb update: North Phoenician territory in the second half of the first millennium BC". Buried History: The Journal of the Australian Institute of Archaeology 51 (1.01.2016): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.62614/3dbppb05.

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This paper describes the Ras al-Shagry tomb, located in the area of ancient Phoenicia on the Arwadian coast of Syria and discusses it in the context of previous research into the cemeteries of the region. It draws attention to the differences between the sarcophagus-containing tomb of Ras al Shagry and the nearby tower tombs, which do not contain sarcophagi. These differences may be related to particular religious practices and/or socio-political influences. This study develops an iconographic relationship between the sarcophagus itself and the artefacts found within the hypogeal tomb to establish its earliest chronology. Historical events are also discussed in relation to the last period of original use of the Ras al-Shagry tomb. The paper offers new insights into the architectural and cultural context of the territory of Arados/Amrīt during the Achaemenid Empire (sixth to third centuries BC).

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2

Wolff, Samuel R. "Tharros: A Catalogue of Material in the British Museum from Phoenician and Other Tombs at Tharros, Sardinia. R. D. Barnett , C. Mendleson". Journal of Near Eastern Studies 51, nr 2 (kwiecień 1992): 149–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/373541.

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3

Orsingher, Adriano. "Architecture and Afterlife: Small Portable Shrines and Ritual Activities from Tyre to Ibiza". Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 11, nr 2-3 (1.09.2023): 256–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.11.2-3.0256.

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ABSTRACT The miniaturization of architecture in past and modern societies is a cross-cultural phenomenon, which has received enormous attention in scholarship, particularly in works relating to the Bronze and Iron Age eastern Mediterranean. This article focuses on some small-scale terracotta buildings known from Phoenicia around the seventh to the sixth centuries BCE, argues for their identification as portable shrines, compares them to similar examples from Cyprus, and includes finds from Carthage, Malta, and Ibiza in the discussion. All of this evidence reflects a time when small chapels were increasingly adopted in Phoenician architecture, reproduced at different scales in multiple media, and used in a variety of contexts. Finally, Tyre al-Bass Tomb 8 and other funerary assemblages yielding portable shrines support the idea that they were the focus of ritual activities at burial sites, and their deposition may have followed their use in practices involving storytelling, the libation of scented liquids, and/or the burning of aromatic substances.

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4

Schmitz, Philip. "The Owl in Phoenician Mortuary Practice". Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 9, nr 1 (2009): 51–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921209x449161.

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AbstractRecent excavations in the Iron Age necropolis of Tyre (al-Bass district) allow a substantial reconstruction of the Phoenician ritual of cremation burial. Among the faunal remains from Tyre al-Bass Tomb 8 are two talons from a species of owl. The talons had been charred and perhaps boiled before placement with the grave goods. This paper examines ancient Near Eastern and biblical cultural interpretations of the owl and suggests a range of possible explanations for the presence of owl remains in this Phoenician burial.

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5

Megaw, A. H. S., i J. W. Hayes. "Hellenistic and Roman pottery deposits from the ‘Saranda Kolones’ castle site at Paphos". Annual of the British School at Athens 98 (listopad 2003): 447–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400016956.

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The Crusader castle (now called ‘Saranda Kolones’) on the ancient site of Paphos was built and occupied c. AD 1192–1222. It overlies and partly truncates a series of ancient features (tombs, cisterns, wells, church remains, etc.). The layers associated with these, excavated at various times between 1957 and 1985, contain rich deposits spanning a period from the 4th century BC to the 8th/9th centuries AD.Some 410 pottery items from the pre-Castle phases are presented here, mostly in a series of 16 selected deposits arranged in chronological order. These range from early tomb-groups to stratified well fills and an important destruction deposit of c. AD 650. The final ancient occupation (8th–9th centuries) is marked by the appearance of some lead-glazed wares and some imports from the Umayyad orbit.Individual items of interest from other layers are appended. Some Hellenistic and Roman imports from Phoenicia and elsewhere are here documented in Cyprus for the first time. The later (Medieval) pottery from the site is reserved for publication in the main report on the castle (forthcoming).

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6

García Carretero, Juan Ramón, i Juan Antonio Martín Ruiz. "Zoomorphic Askos from Beatas Street Necropolis Preserved in the Museum of Malaga in Spain". Athens Journal of Humanities & Arts 11, nr 1 (2.10.2023): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.11-1-4.

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A terracotta figure which can be dated to the 1st century BC coming from one of the burial areas documented in the city of Malaga (Spain) located in Beatas Street is described. The figure is currently being displayed in the Museum of Malaga and has remained unpublished up until now. It corresponds to a zoomorphic askos in the shape of a lion whose purpose would be to protect the tomb’s owner for the afterlife. The representation of this animal in this pottery shape could be linked with Phoenician female goddesses, particularly Tanit, and it is not very common in the ancient Phoenician colonies around the Mediterranean, being the only finding in Malaca, which certainly sparks interest

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7

Karageorghis, Vassos, i Efstathios Raptou. "Palaepaphos-Skales Tomb 277. More prestigious burials. With an appendix by Maria A. Socratous". Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome, nr 12 (listopad 2019): 327–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-12-11.

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Tomb 277 in the Skales cemetery at Palaepaphos, excavated by the Cyprus Department of Antiquities, is among the richest ever found in the south-west of the island. It dates to the Cypro-Geometric III period (c. 900–750 BC) and was used for multiple burials of important members of the Palaepaphian society, namely warriors and important women (priestesses of the Great Goddess?) judging from the abundant offerings of arms and armour as well as gold jewellery respectively (including gold plaques embossed with the head of the Egyptian goddess Hathor). Notable among the offerings are two bronze basins, six small hemispherical bronze bowls, two bronze mace-heads (symbols of authority), a bronze shield of a rare type, and two richly decorated belts of oriental type. We also mention two iron swords and a bronze spearhead. Among the pottery we note the high percentage of Phoenician imports. Both inhumations and a cremation burial were observed in the tomb.

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8

Vagnetti, Lucia. "A Sardinian Askos from Crete". Annual of the British School at Athens 84 (listopad 1989): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400021043.

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An askos (BSA 49 [1954] 222, pl. 25:111) found by R.W. Hutchinson in Tomb 2 at Khaniale Tekke near Knossos is recognized as an export from nuragic Sardinia; similar askoi are common there in the same chronological range, c. 850–680 B.C., as that represented by the Cretan context. Although other good parallels have also been found outside Sardinia, notably at Vetulonia in Etruria, the Tekke piece is the first Sardinian artefact of the Early Iron Age to be identified in the Aegean. Its presence there is related to the Phoenician element in the complex pattern of long distance trade that preceded the arrival in Italy of the first Western Greeks.

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9

Zissu, Boaz, i Nurit Shtober-Zisu. "An Underground Rock-Cut Shrine near Amatsya, Judean Foothills, Israel". Cercetări Arheologice 30, nr 2 (1.11.2023): 599–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.46535/ca.30.2.11.

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This article presents our documentation of a previously unidentified subterranean complex located near Amatsya, Israel. The study revolves primarily around an examination of the architecture, decorations, and letters carved on the walls of an underground rock-cut hall. The layout of the hall bears a striking resemblance to sacred architecture prevalent in the region since the Middle Bronze Age, while its decorative elements are linked to earlier artistic traditions dating back to the Iron Age, as well as the aniconic characteristics found in Idumean, Canaanite, Phoenician and Nabatean art of the Persian and Hellenistic periods. According to paleographic analysis, the Aramaic lapidary inscriptions, which possibly mention two deities, El and Adon, are tentatively dated to the 5th-4th centuries BCE. Our main thesis is that this hall functioned as a private shrine, possibly a funerary shrine adjacent to a rock-cut burial complex. We propose that both the shrine and the adjacent tomb were utilized by an Idumean landowner, showcasing influences from Phoenician / Canaanite iconographic traditions. Consequently, the site assumes significant importance, as it offers novel insights into the field of study by presenting, for the first time, a relatively well-preserved underground Idumean shrine from the Persian and Hellenistic periods. These finds contribute to a deeper understanding of the religious and cultural practices of the Idumeans during that specific era.

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10

Pöhlmann, Egert. "Reading and Writing, Singing and Playing on Three Early Red-Figure Vases". Greek and Roman Musical Studies 7, nr 2 (20.08.2019): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22129758-12341350.

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Abstract The tools for reading and writing, the writing tablets and the papyrus scroll, were inherited by Greece from the East together with the Phoenician alphabet. The oldest papyrus scroll and writing tablets with Greek text were found in the tomb of a musician in Daphne dated to 430 BC. After 700 BC writing tablets were ubiquitous in Greece. However, black figure vases do not depict them. The first writing tablet appears on a red figure kylix of the Euergides Painter from Vulci (520). The first papyrus scrolls appear, together with writing tablets and the lyre, on a kylix from Ferrara (c. 480-70). Papyrus scrolls, writing tablets, the lyre and aulos appear together on the famous Berlin kylix of Douris from Caere (480).

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11

Bollók, Ádám, i Ayelet Dayan. "Christian burials in Western Galilee and the emergence of christian local mortuary traditions in Late Antiquity : Preliminary Considerations at the Onset of a Research Project". Hungarian Archaeology 11, nr 3 (2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36338/ha.2022.3.6.

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The goal of the research project described and discussed here is the meticulous assessment of the tombs and cemetery sections investigated in two geographically fairly restricted regions: Western Galilee and the broader area of Caesarea Philippi, both lying in the former Late Roman province of Phoenicia. With the generous support of the Israel Antiquities Authority, we were granted access to several mortuary assemblages that have remained unpublished or were only partially published. The meticulous assessment of these assemblages provides a unique opportunity for studying mortuary practices in the Eastern Mediterranean on a micro-regional level as well as for tracing changes through half a millennium at a finer resolution. We expect to gain a deeper understanding of the region’s mortuary traditions and their change as well as of local attitudes to death among the region’s pagan and pagan-turned-Christian population across half a millennium.

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12

Shawamra, Awni, i Federico Cappella. "An Iron Age II tomb with Phoenician items at Khirbet Bir el-Kharayib, Central Palestine". Vicino Oriente 24 (2020): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53131/vo2724-587x2020_2.

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13

Lewy, Z., D. Neev i M. W. Prausnitz. "Late Holocene Tectonic Movements at Akhziv, Mediterranean Coastline of Northern Israel". Quaternary Research 25, nr 2 (marzec 1986): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90055-4.

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The recent discovery of a post-Roman-aged marine calcarenite terrace, at an altitude of 7 to 8 m at the ancient harbor of Akhziv, supports the hypothesis of oscillatory tectonic movements along the coastline of Israel during the late Holocene. The marine to estuarine origin of this terrace is indicated by the presence within it of a biocoenosic, sea-marginal to estuarine, assemblage of well-preserved molluscs consisting of taxa tolerating brackish-water, together with a few fresh-water specimens. The transgressive marine sediments onlap and overlie a 2700-yr-old middle Iron Age (Phoenician) tomb, which was built on a dark clay layer, containing a middle Bronze HB (3750 yr B.P.) settlement. In post-Roman times the coastal zone at this site, both east and west of the present coastline, was first subjected to tectonic subsidence of a few meters, and was then tectonically uplifted to its present altitude.

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14

Guerra, Maria Filomena, i Thilo Rehren. "In-situ examination and analysis of the gold jewellery from the Phoenician tomb of Kition (Cyprus)". ArchéoSciences, nr 33 (31.12.2009): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/archeosciences.2148.

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15

Peltenburg, E. J. "The Phoenician Pottery of Cyprus. By Patricia Maynor Bikai. 27.5 × 21 cm. Pp. 84 + 29 pls. Nicosia: A. G. Leventis Foundation, 1987. ISBN 9963-560-05-9. Fr.100 (p/b). - La Nécropole d'Amathonte tombes 113–367. Vol. II. Céramiques non-chypriotes. Edited by V. Karageorghis, O. Picard and Chr. Tytgat. Pp. 58 + 33 pls. Nicosia: A. G. Leventis Foundation (Études chypriotes, 8), 1987. ISBN 9963-560-04-0. Price not stated (p/b)." Antiquaries Journal 68, nr 1 (marzec 1988): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500022745.

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16

Elmayer, Abdulhafid Fadil. "The discovery of a Romano-Punic tomb in the region of Msallata". Libyan Studies, 18.01.2024, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2023.26.

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Abstract A mixed Romano-Punic tomb discovered on private property to the west of Msallata contains many small stone chests containing cremated human remains. Some of these chests carry the name of the deceased written in the Latin or neo-Punic alphabet. Besides the stone chests, there are pottery jars containing animal remains. Figurative relief and religious symbols suggest the practice of rituals associated with the Tophet (sanctuary-necropolis) of Carthage. In addition to the stone chests and pottery urns there are many other objects that are typical of the grave goods usually buried with the Phoenician dead: oil lamps, tableware, coins, medals.

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17

Musafa, Bashar. "NEW HYPOGEAL TOMB WITH A “PHOENICIAN” ANTHROPOID SARCOPHAGI ON TARTUS, SYRIAN COAST". Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología 39, nr 2013 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2013.39.005.

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18

YAMAN, Hüseyin. "A Glass Pendant from the Tenedos Necropolis". Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, 18.09.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17518/canakkalearastirmalari.1170035.

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The male head-shaped glass pendant discussed in this study was found together with a terracotta statuette, a terracotta head (or a protome), and some knucklebones (astragali) in a pithos burial during rescue excavations in 1993 in the Tenedos necropolis. The rod-formed pendant has a beard, big eyes, a long nose, full lips, and a slightly protruding chin. Trails of opaque yellow, white, and turquoise glass were applied to the translucent dark blue body of the pendant. Such glass pendants are considered to be of Phoenician and/or Punic origin and are distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin, the northern coast of the Black Sea, and Eastern Europe. They range in date from the 7th century to the middle of the 1st century BC. The Tenedos glass pendant is compatible with M. Seefried’s “Type C” (male head with curly hair) and dated between the 5th century and 3rd century BC. It belongs to the C1 subgroup (head with curly hair and sleek beard) of this type. The head-shaped glass pendant is a rare find from the northeast region of the Aegean. In the context of the other finds from the tomb, notably the standing female figurine, the glass pendant can be said to belong to the first half of the 5th century BC. Moreover, this find indicates the contact between the Phoenician and/or Punic world and Tenedos in this period.

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